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  • Setting up shared connection

    - by Calvin Froedge
    I have a network that is connected to the internet via a switch connected to a router. I have it setup like this so I can work on the new network without causing problems on the old. Anyway, I'm trying to enable internet connection sharing. Internet comes to server like this: Modem - Router - Switch - Ubuntu 11.10 (Eth0) I want to share the connection through Eth1 (Eth1 - Managed Switch - Clients). Here is my config for /etc/network/interfaces: I have a DHCP server running on Eth1. Here is my config: ddns-update-style none; option domain-name "myserver.local"; option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.2, 8.8.8.8; default-lease-time 600; max-lease-time 7200; authoritative; subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { interface eth1; range 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.254; option routers 192.168.1.1; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255; } Here is /etc/network/interfaces: # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp #Used for internal network auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 192.168.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 network 192.168.1.0 Here is /etc/hosts: 127.0.0.1 localhost 127.0.1.1 myserver.isp.com server 192.168.1.2 server.myserver.local server myserver.local In /etc/sysctl.conf, I've set the following: net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 Finally, in /etc/rc.local, I've set the following: /sbin/iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT /sbin/iptables --table nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth1 -j MASQUERADE When I ping 8.8.8.8 (google's DNS) from a client that is authenticated with my DHCP server (they have been assigned a local ip, like 192.168.1.10), I get a timeout. How can I debug this further to figure out where my problem is?

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  • Issues with forwarding Iptables

    - by Ricardo Rios
    I have some issues with my redirectioning lines on iptables, it seems it does not work, any help will be appreciated iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.2.0/24 -o eth0 -j SNAT --to 10.10.10.1 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to 10.10.10.1:8080 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 8080 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 200.59.189.125 -p tcp --dport 8081 -j DNAT --to 192.168.2.51:8081 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 200.59.189.125 -p tcp --dport 34551 -j DNAT --to 192.168.2.51:8081 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 200.59.189.125 -p tcp --dport 8082 -j DNAT --to 192.168.2.52:8082 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 200.59.189.125 -p tcp --dport 34552 -j DNAT --to 192.168.2.52:8082 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 200.59.189.125 -p tcp --dport 8083 -j DNAT --to 192.168.2.53:8083 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 200.59.189.125 -p tcp --dport 34553 -j DNAT --to 192.168.2.53:8083 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 200.59.189.125 -p tcp --dport 8084 -j DNAT --to 192.168.2.54:8084 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 200.59.189.125 -p tcp --dport 34554 -j DNAT --to 192.168.2.54:8084 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 200.59.189.125 -p tcp --dport 8085 -j DNAT --to 192.168.2.55:8085 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 200.59.189.125 -p tcp --dport 34555 -j DNAT --to 192.168.2.55:80 echo Ejecutadas Reglas del Firewall

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  • An alternative to multiple inheritance when creating an abstraction layer?

    - by sebf
    In my project I am creating an abstraction layer for some APIs. The purpose of the layer is to make multi-platform easier, and also to simplify the APIs to the feature set that I need while also providing some functionality, the implementation of which will be unique to each platform. At the moment, I have implemented it by defining and abstract class, which has methods which creates objects that implement interfaces. The abstract class and these interfaces define the capabilities of my abstraction layer. The implementation of these in my layer should of course be arbitrary from the POV view of my application, but I have done it, for my first API, by creating chains of subclasses which add more specific functionality as the features of the APIs they expose become less generic. An example would probably demonstrate this better: //The interface as seen by the application interface IGenericResource { byte[] GetSomeData(); } interface ISpecificResourceOne : IGenericResource { int SomePropertyOfResourceOne {get;} } interface ISpecificResourceTwo : IGenericResource { string SomePropertyOfResourceTwo {get;} } public abstract class MyLayer { ISpecificResourceOne CreateResourceOne(); ISpecificResourceTwo CreateResourceTwo(); void UseResourceOne(ISpecificResourceOne one); void UseResourceTwo(ISpecificResourceTwo two); } //The layer as created in my library public class LowLevelResource : IGenericResource { byte[] GetSomeData() {} } public class ResourceOne : LowLevelResource, ISpecificResourceOne { int SomePropertyOfResourceOne {get{}} } public class ResourceTwo : ResourceOne, ISpecificResourceTwo { string SomePropertyOfResourceTwo {get {}} } public partial class Implementation : MyLayer { override UseResourceOne(ISpecificResourceOne one) { DoStuff((ResourceOne)one); } } As can be seen, I am essentially trying to have two inheritance chains on the same object, but of course I can't do this so I simulate the second version with interfaces. The thing is though, I don't like using interfaces for this; it seems wrong, in my mind an interface defines a contract, any class that implements that interface should be able to be used where that interface is used but here that is clearly not the case because the interfaces are being used to allow an object from the layer to masquerade as something else, without the application needing to have access to its definition. What technique would allow me to define a comprehensive, intuitive collection of objects for an abstraction layer, while their implementation remains independent? (Language is C#)

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  • 12.10 Wireless hotspot configuration and internet browsing - question

    - by Indian
    In our campus we have a leased line connection from a service provider, which has an external IP W.X.Y.Z. This connection is distributed from the server several sub-networks / subnets as follows: Faculty: 172.33....../ 255.255.0.0 Administration: 172.34......./255.255.255.0 Students: 172.35...../255.255.216.0 A student has a laptop with a fixed IP address 172.35.23.123 / 255.255.216.0 where the IP address is on the ethernet port. The gateways for internet access are 172.31.1.1 and 172.31.1.2. Further the student has a wireless port which is inaccessible in the hostel area. The OS of the student is Ubuntu 12.10. The student in the possession of an android phone on which he wishes to install specific software and therefore wishes to activate the internet therein. The student has already attempted the Wireless hotspot solution which works for 12.04 but has not been successful. Various instructions on the internet have helped the student to do the following Installation of dhcp server and hostapd: sudo apt-get install isc-dhcp-server sudo apt-get install hostapd File: /etc/network/interfaces auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto wlan0 iface wlan0 inet static address 10.10.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 dns-nameservers 172.31.1.1 172.31.1.2 File: /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf subnet 10.10.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 10.10.0.2 10.10.0.4; option routers 10.10.0.1; option domain-name-servers 172.31.1.1 172.31.1.2; default-lease-time 6000; max-lease-time 72000; } File: /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf interface=wlan0 driver=nl80211 ssid=my_hotspot channel=1 hw_mode=g auth_algs=1 wpa=3 wpa_passphrase=1234567890 wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK wpa_pairwise=TKIP CCMP rsn_pairwise=CCMP File: /etc/default/hostapd RUN_DAEMON=”yes” DAEMON_CONF=”/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf” DAEMON_OPTS=”-dd” File: /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server INTERFACES=”wlan0” File: /etc/rc.local iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.10.0.0/16 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE exit 0 After all the configuration, the computer is restarted. The student can see that the hotspot named “my_hotspot” is available. The hotspot also awards an address to the android phone. The student will now be able to browse the internet.

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  • Set UFW before.rules without restart of server

    - by enedene
    I use UFW on my Ubuntu server. Unfortunately there are no rules in UFW to port forward to another machine. What you need to do is edit /etc/before.rules and put routing commands there, for example # nat Table rules *nat :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] # Forward traffic from eth0 through eth1. -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.0.0/24 -o eth1 -j MASQUERADE -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to 192.168.0.200:80 -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p udp --dport 10090 -j DNAT --to 192.168.0.202:22 -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp --dport 10090 -j DNAT --to 192.168.0.202:22 -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp --dport 443 -j DNAT --to 192.168.0.200:443 -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p udp --dport 443 -j DNAT --to 192.168.0.200:443 -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp --dport 57626 -j DNAT --to 192.168.0.2:57626 -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p udp --dport 57626 -j DNAT --to 192.168.0.2:57626 -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp --dport 3306 -j DNAT --to 192.168.0.200:3306 -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p udp --dport 3306 -j DNAT --to 192.168.0.200:3306 COMMIT My problem is that I can't find a way to run new forwarding rules without restarting the server, which I hate to do very much. So please help me, is there a way?

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  • Iptables working strangely

    - by user109985
    I have Ubuntu 12.04 x64 installed in my laptop. I'm quite new to linux, and I wanted to specify certain rules for the iptables firewall. This is the saved config of my iptables: *mangle :PREROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] COMMIT *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 3306 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.100:3306 -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 11002 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.100:11002 -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 13000 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.100:13000 -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 13001 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.100:13001 -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 13002 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.100:13002 -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 13003 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.100:13003 -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 13004 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.100:13004 -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 13061 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.100:13061 -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 13099 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.100:13099 -A POSTROUTING -j MASQUERADE COMMIT *filter :INPUT DROP [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT COMMIT In theory, what it does is to drop all connections in all ports except for http, mysql and few other ports. Moreover, it redirects all mysql and 13000-13004..etc port connections to a specific local ip in the same port, which is 192.168.1.100. But what I find strange is that when my firewall is active, it blocks absolutely all the input connections, even those which must not block (http, mysql). In fact, I'm literally blocked and I can't establish any external connection. What am I doing wrong? PS: I tested the firewall without those redirections, and it still block all inputs, so I suppose it's not the problem.

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  • Sendmail to local domain ignoring MX records (part 2)

    - by FractalizeR
    Hello. I have the exact problem, like in this post: http://serverfault.com/questions/25068/sendmail-to-local-domain-ignoring-mx-records I am also using email provider like GMail For Your Domain (which stores your mail and manages it). I am sending mail from my server directly, but receiving mail is done via Yandex (email provider). Since the server hosts forum, I prefer to send mail directly from it because using another mail provider can slow things. Also, when I send 300.000 emails to my subscribers, email provider will surely block me thinking I send spam. My DNS zone now is: ; ; GSMFORUM.RU ; $TTL 1H gsmforum.ru. SOA ns1.hc.ru. support.hc.ru. ( 2009122268 ; Serial 1H ; Refresh 30M ; Retry 1W ; Expire 1H ) ; Minimum gsmforum.ru. NS ns1.hc.ru. gsmforum.ru. NS ns2.hc.ru. @ A 79.174.68.223 *.gsmforum.ru. CNAME @ ns1 A 79.174.68.223 ns2 A 79.174.68.224 @ MX 10 mx.yandex.ru. mail CNAME domain.mail.yandex.net. yamail-xxxxxxxxx CNAME mail.yandex.ru. Server hostname is server.gsmforum.ru. May be this is the cause? Can someone explain the reason of the matter (the rules that make sendmail consider domain to be local)? Can I easily change *.gsmforum.ru. CNAME @ into *.gsmforum.ru. A 79.174.68.224 to solve this problem? [root@server ~]# cat /etc/mail/local-host-names localhost localhost.localdomain This server hosts gsmforum.ru so I cannot put it into another domain like David Mackintosh suggests. Putting domain in mailertable doesn't solve the problem also. sendmail -bt still shows, that address is local. DontProbeInterfaces is also set to true at sendmail config. M4 file follows: divert(-1)dnl dnl # dnl # This is the sendmail macro config file for m4. If you make changes to dnl # /etc/mail/sendmail.mc, you will need to regenerate the dnl # /etc/mail/sendmail.cf file by confirming that the sendmail-cf package is dnl # installed and then performing a dnl # dnl # make -C /etc/mail dnl # include(`/usr/share/sendmail-cf/m4/cf.m4')dnl VERSIONID(`setup for linux')dnl OSTYPE(`linux')dnl dnl # dnl # Do not advertize sendmail version. dnl # dnl define(`confSMTP_LOGIN_MSG', `$j Sendmail; $b')dnl dnl # dnl # default logging level is 9, you might want to set it higher to dnl # debug the configuration dnl # dnl define(`confLOG_LEVEL', `9')dnl dnl # dnl # Uncomment and edit the following line if your outgoing mail needs to dnl # be sent out through an external mail server: dnl # dnl define(`SMART_HOST', `smtp.your.provider')dnl dnl # define(`confDEF_USER_ID', ``8:12'')dnl dnl define(`confAUTO_REBUILD')dnl define(`confTO_CONNECT', `1m')dnl define(`confTRY_NULL_MX_LIST', `True')dnl define(`confDONT_PROBE_INTERFACES',`True') define(`PROCMAIL_MAILER_PATH', `/usr/bin/procmail')dnl define(`ALIAS_FILE', `/etc/aliases')dnl define(`STATUS_FILE', `/var/log/mail/statistics')dnl define(`UUCP_MAILER_MAX', `2000000')dnl define(`confUSERDB_SPEC', `/etc/mail/userdb.db')dnl define(`confPRIVACY_FLAGS', `authwarnings,novrfy,noexpn,restrictqrun')dnl define(`confAUTH_OPTIONS', `A')dnl dnl # dnl # The following allows relaying if the user authenticates, and disallows dnl # plaintext authentication (PLAIN/LOGIN) on non-TLS links dnl # dnl define(`confAUTH_OPTIONS', `A p')dnl dnl # dnl # PLAIN is the preferred plaintext authentication method and used by dnl # Mozilla Mail and Evolution, though Outlook Express and other MUAs do dnl # use LOGIN. Other mechanisms should be used if the connection is not dnl # guaranteed secure. dnl # Please remember that saslauthd needs to be running for AUTH. dnl # dnl TRUST_AUTH_MECH(`EXTERNAL DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5 LOGIN PLAIN')dnl dnl define(`confAUTH_MECHANISMS', `EXTERNAL GSSAPI DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5 LOGIN PLAIN')dnl dnl # dnl # Rudimentary information on creating certificates for sendmail TLS: dnl # cd /usr/share/ssl/certs; make sendmail.pem dnl # Complete usage: dnl # make -C /usr/share/ssl/certs usage dnl # dnl define(`confCACERT_PATH', `/etc/pki/tls/certs')dnl dnl define(`confCACERT', `/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt')dnl dnl define(`confSERVER_CERT', `/etc/pki/tls/certs/sendmail.pem')dnl dnl define(`confSERVER_KEY', `/etc/pki/tls/certs/sendmail.pem')dnl dnl # dnl # This allows sendmail to use a keyfile that is shared with OpenLDAP's dnl # slapd, which requires the file to be readble by group ldap dnl # dnl define(`confDONT_BLAME_SENDMAIL', `groupreadablekeyfile')dnl dnl # dnl define(`confTO_QUEUEWARN', `4h')dnl dnl define(`confTO_QUEUERETURN', `5d')dnl dnl define(`confQUEUE_LA', `12')dnl dnl define(`confREFUSE_LA', `18')dnl define(`confTO_IDENT', `0')dnl dnl FEATURE(delay_checks)dnl FEATURE(`no_default_msa', `dnl')dnl FEATURE(`smrsh', `/usr/sbin/smrsh')dnl FEATURE(`mailertable', `hash -o /etc/mail/mailertable.db')dnl FEATURE(`virtusertable', `hash -o /etc/mail/virtusertable.db')dnl FEATURE(redirect)dnl FEATURE(always_add_domain)dnl FEATURE(use_cw_file)dnl FEATURE(use_ct_file)dnl dnl # dnl # The following limits the number of processes sendmail can fork to accept dnl # incoming messages or process its message queues to 20.) sendmail refuses dnl # to accept connections once it has reached its quota of child processes. dnl # dnl define(`confMAX_DAEMON_CHILDREN', `20')dnl dnl # dnl # Limits the number of new connections per second. This caps the overhead dnl # incurred due to forking new sendmail processes. May be useful against dnl # DoS attacks or barrages of spam. (As mentioned below, a per-IP address dnl # limit would be useful but is not available as an option at this writing.) dnl # dnl define(`confCONNECTION_RATE_THROTTLE', `3')dnl dnl # dnl # The -t option will retry delivery if e.g. the user runs over his quota. dnl # FEATURE(local_procmail, `', `procmail -t -Y -a $h -d $u')dnl FEATURE(`access_db', `hash -T<TMPF> -o /etc/mail/access.db')dnl FEATURE(`blacklist_recipients')dnl EXPOSED_USER(`root')dnl dnl # dnl # For using Cyrus-IMAPd as POP3/IMAP server through LMTP delivery uncomment dnl # the following 2 definitions and activate below in the MAILER section the dnl # cyrusv2 mailer. dnl # dnl define(`confLOCAL_MAILER', `cyrusv2')dnl dnl define(`CYRUSV2_MAILER_ARGS', `FILE /var/lib/imap/socket/lmtp')dnl dnl # dnl # The following causes sendmail to only listen on the IPv4 loopback address dnl # 127.0.0.1 and not on any other network devices. Remove the loopback dnl # address restriction to accept email from the internet or intranet. dnl # DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Name=MTA,Port=smtp') dnl # dnl # The following causes sendmail to additionally listen to port 587 for dnl # mail from MUAs that authenticate. Roaming users who can't reach their dnl # preferred sendmail daemon due to port 25 being blocked or redirected find dnl # this useful. dnl # dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Port=submission, Name=MSA, M=Ea')dnl dnl # dnl # The following causes sendmail to additionally listen to port 465, but dnl # starting immediately in TLS mode upon connecting. Port 25 or 587 followed dnl # by STARTTLS is preferred, but roaming clients using Outlook Express can't dnl # do STARTTLS on ports other than 25. Mozilla Mail can ONLY use STARTTLS dnl # and doesn't support the deprecated smtps; Evolution <1.1.1 uses smtps dnl # when SSL is enabled-- STARTTLS support is available in version 1.1.1. dnl # dnl # For this to work your OpenSSL certificates must be configured. dnl # dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Port=smtps, Name=TLSMTA, M=s')dnl dnl # dnl # The following causes sendmail to additionally listen on the IPv6 loopback dnl # device. Remove the loopback address restriction listen to the network. dnl # dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`port=smtp,Addr=::1, Name=MTA-v6, Family=inet6')dnl dnl # dnl # enable both ipv6 and ipv4 in sendmail: dnl # dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Name=MTA-v4, Family=inet, Name=MTA-v6, Family=inet6') dnl # dnl # We strongly recommend not accepting unresolvable domains if you want to dnl # protect yourself from spam. However, the laptop and users on computers dnl # that do not have 24x7 DNS do need this. dnl # FEATURE(`accept_unresolvable_domains')dnl dnl # dnl FEATURE(`relay_based_on_MX')dnl dnl # dnl # Also accept email sent to "localhost.localdomain" as local email. dnl # LOCAL_DOMAIN(`localhost.localdomain')dnl dnl # dnl # The following example makes mail from this host and any additional dnl # specified domains appear to be sent from mydomain.com dnl # dnl MASQUERADE_AS(`mydomain.com')dnl dnl # dnl # masquerade not just the headers, but the envelope as well dnl # dnl FEATURE(masquerade_envelope)dnl dnl # dnl # masquerade not just @mydomainalias.com, but @*.mydomainalias.com as well dnl # dnl FEATURE(masquerade_entire_domain)dnl dnl # dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(localhost)dnl dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(localhost.localdomain)dnl dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(mydomainalias.com)dnl dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(mydomain.lan)dnl MAILER(smtp)dnl MAILER(procmail)dnl dnl MAILER(cyrusv2)dnl FEATURE(`dnsbl',`zen.spamhaus.org',`Rejected - your IP is blacklisted by http://www.spamhaus.org')

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  • Why do ICMP Redirct Host happen?

    - by El Barto
    I'm setting up a Debian box as a router for 4 subnets. For that I have defined 4 virtual interfaces on the NIC where the LAN is connected (eth1). eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 94:0c:6d:82:0d:98 inet addr:10.1.1.1 Bcast:10.1.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::960c:6dff:fe82:d98/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:6026521 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:35331299 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:673201397 (642.0 MiB) TX bytes:177276932 (169.0 MiB) Interrupt:19 Base address:0x6000 eth1:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 94:0c:6d:82:0d:98 inet addr:10.1.2.1 Bcast:10.1.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:19 Base address:0x6000 eth1:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 94:0c:6d:82:0d:98 inet addr:10.1.3.1 Bcast:10.1.3.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:19 Base address:0x6000 eth1:2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 94:0c:6d:82:0d:98 inet addr:10.1.4.1 Bcast:10.1.4.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:19 Base address:0x6000 eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 6c:f0:49:a4:47:38 inet addr:192.168.1.10 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::6ef0:49ff:fea4:4738/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:199809345 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:158362936 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:1 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:3656983762 (3.4 GiB) TX bytes:1715848473 (1.5 GiB) Interrupt:27 eth3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 94:0c:6d:82:c8:72 inet addr:192.168.2.5 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::960c:6dff:fe82:c872/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:110814 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:73386 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:16044901 (15.3 MiB) TX bytes:42125647 (40.1 MiB) Interrupt:20 Base address:0x2000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:22351 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:22351 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:2625143 (2.5 MiB) TX bytes:2625143 (2.5 MiB) tun0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:10.8.0.1 P-t-P:10.8.0.2 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:41358924 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:23116350 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:3065505744 (2.8 GiB) TX bytes:1324358330 (1.2 GiB) I have two other computers connected to this network. One has IP 10.1.1.12 (subnet mask 255.255.255.0) and the other one 10.1.2.20 (subnet mask 255.255.255.0). I want to be able to reach 10.1.1.12 from 10.1.2.20. Since packet forwarding is enabled in the router and the policy of the FORWARD chain is ACCEPT (and there are no other rules), I understand that there should be no problem to ping from 10.1.2.20 to 10.1.1.12 going through the router. However, this is what I get: $ ping -c15 10.1.1.12 PING 10.1.1.12 (10.1.1.12): 56 data bytes Request timeout for icmp_seq 0 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 81d4 0 0000 3f 01 e2b3 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 1 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 899b 0 0000 3f 01 daec 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 2 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 78fe 0 0000 3f 01 eb89 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 3 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 14b8 0 0000 3f 01 4fd0 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 4 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 8ef7 0 0000 3f 01 d590 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 5 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 ec9d 0 0000 3f 01 77ea 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 6 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 70e6 0 0000 3f 01 f3a1 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 7 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 b0d2 0 0000 3f 01 b3b5 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 8 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 f8b4 0 0000 3f 01 6bd3 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 9 Request timeout for icmp_seq 10 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 1c95 0 0000 3f 01 47f3 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 11 Request timeout for icmp_seq 12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 13 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 62bc 0 0000 3f 01 01cc 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Why does this happen? From what I've read the Redirect Host response has something to do with the fact that the two hosts are in the same network and there being a shorter route (or so I understood). They are in fact in the same physical network, but why would there be a better route if they are not on the same subnet (they can't see each other)? What am I missing? Some extra info you might want to see: # route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 10.8.0.2 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 127.0.0.1 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 lo 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth3 10.8.0.0 10.8.0.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth2 10.1.4.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 10.1.3.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth2 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth3 # iptables -L -n Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination # iptables -L -n -t nat Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination MASQUERADE all -- !10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0/8 MASQUERADE all -- 10.0.0.0/8 !10.0.0.0/8 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination

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  • Why do ICMP Redirect Host happen?

    - by El Barto
    I'm setting up a Debian box as a router for 4 subnets. For that I have defined 4 virtual interfaces on the NIC where the LAN is connected (eth1). eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 94:0c:6d:82:0d:98 inet addr:10.1.1.1 Bcast:10.1.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::960c:6dff:fe82:d98/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:6026521 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:35331299 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:673201397 (642.0 MiB) TX bytes:177276932 (169.0 MiB) Interrupt:19 Base address:0x6000 eth1:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 94:0c:6d:82:0d:98 inet addr:10.1.2.1 Bcast:10.1.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:19 Base address:0x6000 eth1:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 94:0c:6d:82:0d:98 inet addr:10.1.3.1 Bcast:10.1.3.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:19 Base address:0x6000 eth1:2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 94:0c:6d:82:0d:98 inet addr:10.1.4.1 Bcast:10.1.4.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:19 Base address:0x6000 eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 6c:f0:49:a4:47:38 inet addr:192.168.1.10 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::6ef0:49ff:fea4:4738/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:199809345 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:158362936 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:1 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:3656983762 (3.4 GiB) TX bytes:1715848473 (1.5 GiB) Interrupt:27 eth3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 94:0c:6d:82:c8:72 inet addr:192.168.2.5 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::960c:6dff:fe82:c872/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:110814 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:73386 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:16044901 (15.3 MiB) TX bytes:42125647 (40.1 MiB) Interrupt:20 Base address:0x2000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:22351 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:22351 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:2625143 (2.5 MiB) TX bytes:2625143 (2.5 MiB) tun0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:10.8.0.1 P-t-P:10.8.0.2 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:41358924 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:23116350 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:3065505744 (2.8 GiB) TX bytes:1324358330 (1.2 GiB) I have two other computers connected to this network. One has IP 10.1.1.12 (subnet mask 255.255.255.0) and the other one 10.1.2.20 (subnet mask 255.255.255.0). I want to be able to reach 10.1.1.12 from 10.1.2.20. Since packet forwarding is enabled in the router and the policy of the FORWARD chain is ACCEPT (and there are no other rules), I understand that there should be no problem to ping from 10.1.2.20 to 10.1.1.12 going through the router. However, this is what I get: $ ping -c15 10.1.1.12 PING 10.1.1.12 (10.1.1.12): 56 data bytes Request timeout for icmp_seq 0 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 81d4 0 0000 3f 01 e2b3 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 1 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 899b 0 0000 3f 01 daec 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 2 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 78fe 0 0000 3f 01 eb89 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 3 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 14b8 0 0000 3f 01 4fd0 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 4 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 8ef7 0 0000 3f 01 d590 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 5 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 ec9d 0 0000 3f 01 77ea 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 6 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 70e6 0 0000 3f 01 f3a1 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 7 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 b0d2 0 0000 3f 01 b3b5 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 8 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 f8b4 0 0000 3f 01 6bd3 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 9 Request timeout for icmp_seq 10 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 1c95 0 0000 3f 01 47f3 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 11 Request timeout for icmp_seq 12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 13 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 62bc 0 0000 3f 01 01cc 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Why does this happen? From what I've read the Redirect Host response has something to do with the fact that the two hosts are in the same network and there being a shorter route (or so I understood). They are in fact in the same physical network, but why would there be a better route if they are not on the same subnet (they can't see each other)? What am I missing? Some extra info you might want to see: # route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 10.8.0.2 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 127.0.0.1 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 lo 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth3 10.8.0.0 10.8.0.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth2 10.1.4.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 10.1.3.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth2 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth3 # iptables -L -n Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination # iptables -L -n -t nat Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination MASQUERADE all -- !10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0/8 MASQUERADE all -- 10.0.0.0/8 !10.0.0.0/8 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination

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  • Programmatically Detecting Valid Style Properties In Flex

    - by Joshua
    If I want to know if an object has a particular property I can code this: if (SomeObject.hasOwnProperty('xyz')) { // some code } But some styles masquerade as properties at design time such as Button.color... How can I know what style properties are valid at runtime? ie: What is the equivalent of hasOwnProperty for getStyle/setStyle? In other words how can I know if an object HAS A particular style variable... When I write: MyButton.setStyle('qsfgaeWT','-33'); It won't accomplish anything, but it also doesn't error. How can I know programmatically that 'qsfgaeWT' is NOT a valid style of 'Button'??

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  • Setting up Ubuntu Server as a Router with DHCPD and 3 Ethernet devices

    - by cengbrecht
    My configuration: Ubuntu 12.04 DHCP3-server eth0, eth1, eth2 Edit: removed br0&br1 eth0 is the external connection eth1 & eth2 are the internal network eth1 and eth2 are supposed to be seperate networks of student/teachers respectivly. What I would like to have is the internet from external device bridged to device 1 and 2, with the DHCP server controlling the two internal devices. Its already working with DHCP, the part I am stuck on is bridging for internet. I have setup a script that I found here: Router With the original script he linked here: Ubuntu Router Guide echo -e "\n\nLoading simple rc.firewall-iptables version $FWVER..\n" IPTABLES=/sbin/iptables #IPTABLES=/usr/local/sbin/iptables DEPMOD=/sbin/depmod MODPROBE=/sbin/modprobe EXTIF="eth0" INTIF="eth1" INTIF2="eth2" echo " External Interface: $EXTIF" echo " Internal Interface: $INTIF" echo " Internal Interface: $INTIF2" EXTIP=`ifconfig $EXTIF | grep 'inet addr:' | sed 's#.*inet addr\:\([0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}\).*#\1#g'` echo " External IP: $EXTIP" #====================================================================== #== No editing beyond this line is required for initial MASQ testing == The rest of the script below this is as is. I can get ip from the eth1 & eth2 devices, and my computer can see them, and them it, however, internet is not being passed through. If you need more information please just let me know. EDIT: So I had a 255.255.254.0 network, I believe that was causing the issue. Not sure if it will matter on the second card, I will test later. After changing the subnet to 255.255.255.0 the pings will pass through, however, I cannot get DNS requests to pass? My new Config for Firewall Rules # /etc/iptables.up.rules # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.12 on Wed Nov 28 19:43:28 2012 *mangle :PREROUTING ACCEPT [39:4283] :INPUT ACCEPT [39:4283] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [12:4884] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [13:5145] COMMIT # Completed on Wed Nov 28 19:43:28 2012 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.12 on Wed Nov 28 19:43:28 2012 *filter :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -A FORWARD -j LOG -A FORWARD -m state -i eth1 -o eth0 --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -m state -i eth2 -o eth0 --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -m state -i eth0 -o eth1 --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -m state -i eth0 -o eth2 --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT COMMIT # Completed on Wed Nov 28 19:43:28 2012 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.12 on Wed Nov 28 19:43:28 2012 *nat :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :PREROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.1.25 COMMIT # Completed on Wed Nov 28 19:43:28 2012 Not sure what else you may need, but I am using Webmin to control the server(Needed for the operators on site to know how to use it.) If you could explain it as standard CLI commands, or edits to this file directly then we should be ok. :) And thanks again Erik, I do believe your edits did help.

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  • No client internet access when setting up these iptables rules

    - by Siriss
    I have read many other posts but cannot figure this out. eth0 is my external connected to a Comcast modem. The server has internet access with no issues. eth1 is internal and running DHCP for the clients. I have DHCP working just fine, all my clients can get an IP and ping the server but they cannot access the internet. I am using ISC-DHCP-SERVER and have set /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server to INTERFACE="eht1" Here is my dhcpd.conf file located in /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf ddns-update-style interim; ignore client-updates; subnet 10.0.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 10.0.10.10 10.0.10.200; option routers 10.0.10.2; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; option domain-name-servers 208.67.222.222, 208.67.220.220; #OpenDNS # option domain-name "example.com"; default-lease-time 21600; max-lease-time 43200; authoritative; } I have made the *net.ipv4.ip_forward=1* change in /etc/sysctl.conf here is my interfaces file: auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp iface eth1 inet static address 10.0.10.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 10.0.10.0 auto eth1 And finally- here is my iptables.conf file: # Firewall configuration written by system-config-firewall # Manual customization of this file is not recommended. *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.10.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE #-A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 59668 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.0.10.2:59668 COMMIT *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth1 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m udp -p udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -s 10.0.10.0/24 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -d 10.0.10.0/24 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -i eth0 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i lo -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth1 -j ACCEPT #-A FORWARD -i eth0 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp -d 10.0.10.2 --dport 59668 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT I am completely stuck. I cannot figure out why the clients cannot access the internet. Am I missing a service? Is a service not running? Any help would be greatly appreciated. I tried to be as thorough as possible but please let me know if I have missed something. Thank you!

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  • What algorithms can I use to detect if articles or posts are duplicates?

    - by michael
    I'm trying to detect if an article or forum post is a duplicate entry within the database. I've given this some thought, coming to the conclusion that someone who duplicate content will do so using one of the three (in descending difficult to detect): simple copy paste the whole text copy and paste parts of text merging it with their own copy an article from an external site and masquerade as their own Prepping Text For Analysis Basically any anomalies; the goal is to make the text as "pure" as possible. For more accurate results, the text is "standardized" by: Stripping duplicate white spaces and trimming leading and trailing. Newlines are standardized to \n. HTML tags are removed. Using a RegEx called Daring Fireball URLs are stripped. I use BB code in my application so that goes to. (ä)ccented and foreign (besides Enlgish) are converted to their non foreign form. I store information about each article in (1) statistics table and in (2) keywords table. (1) Statistics Table The following statistics are stored about the textual content (much like this post) text length letter count word count sentence count average words per sentence automated readability index gunning fog score For European languages Coleman-Liau and Automated Readability Index should be used as they do not use syllable counting, so should produce a reasonably accurate score. (2) Keywords Table The keywords are generated by excluding a huge list of stop words (common words), e.g., 'the', 'a', 'of', 'to', etc, etc. Sample Data text_length, 3963 letter_count, 3052 word_count, 684 sentence_count, 33 word_per_sentence, 21 gunning_fog, 11.5 auto_read_index, 9.9 keyword 1, killed keyword 2, officers keyword 3, police It should be noted that once an article gets updated all of the above statistics are regenerated and could be completely different values. How could I use the above information to detect if an article that's being published for the first time, is already existing within the database? I'm aware anything I'll design will not be perfect, the biggest risk being (1) Content that is not a duplicate will be flagged as duplicate (2) The system allows the duplicate content through. So the algorithm should generate a risk assessment number from 0 being no duplicate risk 5 being possible duplicate and 10 being duplicate. Anything above 5 then there's a good possibility that the content is duplicate. In this case the content could be flagged and linked to the article's that are possible duplicates and a human could decide whether to delete or allow. As I said before I'm storing keywords for the whole article, however I wonder if I could do the same on paragraph basis; this would also mean further separating my data in the DB but it would also make it easier for detecting (2) in my initial post. I'm thinking weighted average between the statistics, but in what order and what would be the consequences...

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  • iptables -P FORWARD DROP makes port forwarding slow

    - by Isaac
    I have three computers, linked like this: box1 (ubuntu) box2 router & gateway (debian) box3 (opensuse) [10.0.1.1] ---- [10.0.1.18,10.0.2.18,10.0.3.18] ---- [10.0.3.15] | box4, www [10.0.2.1] Among other things I want box2 to do nat and port forwarding, so that I can do ssh -p 2223 box2 to reach box3. For this I have the following iptables script: #!/bin/bash # flush iptables -F INPUT iptables -F FORWARD iptables -F OUTPUT iptables -t nat -F PREROUTING iptables -t nat -F POSTROUTING iptables -t nat -F OUTPUT # default default_action=DROP for chain in INPUT OUTPUT;do iptables -P $chain $default_action done iptables -P FORWARD DROP # allow ssh to local computer allowed_ssh_clients="10.0.1.1 10.0.3.15" for ip in $allowed_ssh_clients;do iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 22 -d $ip -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -s $ip -j ACCEPT done # allow DNS iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 53 -m state \ --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p udp --sport 53 -m state \ --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # allow HTTP & HTTPS iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports 80,443 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m multiport --sports 80,443 -j ACCEPT # # ROUTING # # allow routing echo 1 >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward # nat iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE # http iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --sport 80 -j ACCEPT # ssh redirect iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -i eth1 --dport 2223 -j DNAT \ --to-destination 10.0.3.15:22 iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --sport 22 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --sport 1024:65535 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --dport 1024:65535 -j ACCEPT iptables -I FORWARD -j LOG --log-prefix "iptables denied: " While this works, it takes about 10 seconds to get a password promt from my ssh command. Afterwards, the connection is as responsive as could be. If I change the default policy for my FORWARD chain to "ACCEPT", then the password promt is there imediatly. I have tried analysing the logs, but I can not spot a difference in the logs for ACCEPT/DROP in my FORWARD chain. Also I have tried allowing all the unprivileged ports, as box1 uses thoses for doing ssh to box2. Any hints? (If the whole setup seems strange to you - the point of the exercise is to understand iptables ;))

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  • Route specific HTTP requests through pfSense OpenVPN

    - by DennisQ
    Hi, to start, I have very little knowledge on routes, iptables, etc. That said, here's what I'm trying to accomplish and where I think I'm stumped: Problem: We have an external website which we recently firewalled so it only accepts traffic from our office IP addresses. This works well at the office, but doesn't work for remote access through VPN as we don't route all traffic through OpenVPN. I would rather avoid forcing everyone to route all traffic through just to accommodate this one site. Environment: Main router box is running pfSense. Em0 is internal IP, Em1 is external. Internal net is 10.23.x and VPN is 10.0.8.0/24 I believe what I need to do is add a route to the VPN server config to send all traffic to that IP over the VPN tunnel. I think that part's working, but I don't get a response back, so I'm assuming that I need some NAT config on the VPN server to route the response back over the tunnel? What I've found so far is to try the following, but since this is a pfSense box on FreeBSD, I can't run iptables, etc. Make sure ip forwarding is enabled: echo 1 /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward Setup NAT back out: iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.8.0/24 -o em0 -j MASQUERADE Am I on the right path, and if so how do I accomplish this through pfSense UI or FreeBSD CLI? Thanks!

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  • Should I upgrade to Symantec Endpoint Protection? [closed]

    - by Alex C.
    I'm the IT manager at an animal shelter in Upstate New York. We have a Windows network with about 50 desktops running Windows XP Pro. We used to use CA eTrust Antivirus, but that product didn't work too well (too many infections got through). About six months ago, we switched to using Symantec Antivirus Corporate Edition ver. 10.1.8.8000. If anything, the Symantec product is even worse. The last six weeks in particular have been very bad -- we've had about seven or eight PCs get hit with those malware infections that masquerade as antivirus software. In most of those cases, Symantec didn't even flag the malware at all. So... what gives with the Symantec Antivirus? As far as I can tell, it's installed correctly and downloading updated definitions nightly. I can upgrade to Symantec Endpoint Protection for $220 (we get non-profit pricing), but I don't want to do it if it's not going to be significantly better. Any advice? Should I switch to something else entirely? Thanks!

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  • OSX: Mimic Ubuntu IP Masquerading via iptables with ipfw

    - by Dogbert
    Good day, I am attempting to replicate a setup I have between a router and an Ubuntu PC, and have the same setup working on my MacBook (10.6, Snow Leopard). First, I have a router that has a USB port. When I plug it into my Ubuntu PC, it creates an RNDIS connection, allowing me to connect to the router over the USB cable via an IP connection. When I plug it into my computer via USB, it gets assigned an IP address of 172.16.84.1, and a new adapter appears when I type ifconfig. I can then SSH into the device via ssh [email protected]. When I log in to the device, I flush the routes, then create the default route: admin@localhost> route -f admin@localhost> route add default 172.16.84.2 Now, in my Ubuntu machine, I use iptables to enable IP masquerading: root@Valhalla> sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 172.16.84.2 -j MASQUERADE Once this is all done, the router has internet access over the USB connection to my PC. I am trying to replicate this exact setup on my MacBook now (Snow Leopard), but iptables does not exist for OSX, not even a Macports version exists. I have scoured through other questions on StackOverflow that cover the usage of the ipfw command, which apparently works as a drop-in replacement for iptables. However, the syntax is significantly different, and I'm pretty much lost. Does anyone with some experience with ipfw have some suggestions on how I could accomplish this and create a NAT connection via IP masquerading like I could with my Ubuntu PC? Thank you for your assistance.

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  • Iptables - Redirect outbound traffic on a port to inbound traffic on 127.0.0.1

    - by GoldenNewby
    I will be awarding a +100 bounty to the correct answer once it is available in 48 hours Is there a way to redirect traffic set to go out of the server to another IP, back to the server on localhost (preferably as if it was coming from the original destination)? I'd basically like to be able to set up my own software that listens on say, port 80, and receives traffic that was sent to say, 1.2.3.4. So as an example with some code. Here would be the server: my $server = IO::Socket::INET->new( LocalAddr => '127.0.0.1', LocalPort => '80', Listen => 128, ); And that would receive traffic from the following client: my $client = IO::Socket::INET->new( PeerAddr => 'google.com', PeerPort => '80', ) So rather than having the client be connecting to google.com, it would be connecting to the server I have listening on localhost for that same server. My intention is to use this to catch malware connecting to remote hosts. I don't specifically need the traffic to be redirected to 127.0.0.1, but it needs to be redirected to an IP the same machine can listen to. Edit: I've tried the following, and it doesn't work-- echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 127.0.0.1:80 iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -j MASQUERADE

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  • NAT ports - how do they work?

    - by Davidoper
    I have the following network schema: Computer A: three nics: NIC 1 (eth0): dhcp, public internet NIC 2 (eth1): static 192.168.1.1, gateway for Computer B NIC 3 (eth2): static 192.168.2.1, gateway for Computer C Computer B: static 192.168.1.2, using gateway 192.168.1.1 (NIC 2). Computer C: static 192.168.2.2, using gateway 192.168.2.1 (NIC 3). So I applied this to get NAT working: iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE Every computer can connect to the internet now. I have been applying rules to the main computer (Computer A), like dropping connections to some ports, e.g ssh: iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j DROP But for instance, now I would like only allow connections for ports 20,21,22,53 and 80 in Computer C, and ignore the outside traffic if it's not related to those ports. The allowed connections should be FROM Computer C to outside, but not from outside to Computer C (I mean - Computer C is not hosting any HTTP or SSH, but it is going to use them as a client). I guess this sould be done like this: iptables -A OUTPUT -i eth2 -o eth0 -p tcp --dport 21 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth2 -o eth0 -p tcp --sport 21 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT The last rule (dropping any other traffic different from those) is at the end of the configuration, so -A should be working correctly. The thing is... it is not working. If I put the last rule like this: iptables -A FORWARD -i eth2 -o eth0 -j DROP It just drops everything and, for instance, port 21 (previously opened as you can see above) is not either working. Can you tell me what could I have done wrong? I have been struggling with this problem for some time and I am unable to solve it. Thanks!

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  • Allow access from outside network with dmz and iptables

    - by Ivan
    I'm having a problem with my home network. So my setup is like this: In my Router (using Ubuntu desktop v11.04), I installed squid proxy as my transparent proxy. So I would like to use dyndns to my home network so I could be access my server from the internet, and also I installed CCTV camera and I would like to enable watching it from internet. The problem is I cannot access it from outside the net. I already set DMZ in my modem to my router ip. My first guess is because i'm using iptables to redirect all inside network to use squid. And not allow from outside traffic to my inside network. Here is my iptables script: #!/bin/sh # squid server IP SQUID_SERVER="192.168.5.1" # Interface connected to Internet INTERNET="eth0" # Interface connected to LAN LAN_IN="eth1" # Squid port SQUID_PORT="3128" # Clean old firewall iptables -F iptables -X iptables -t nat -F iptables -t nat -X iptables -t mangle -F iptables -t mangle -X # Load IPTABLES modules for NAT and IP conntrack support modprobe ip_conntrack modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp # For win xp ftp client #modprobe ip_nat_ftp echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward # Setting default filter policy iptables -P INPUT DROP iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT # Unlimited access to loop back iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT # Allow UDP, DNS and Passive FTP iptables -A INPUT -i $INTERNET -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # set this system as a router for Rest of LAN iptables --table nat --append POSTROUTING --out-interface $INTERNET -j MASQUERADE iptables --append FORWARD --in-interface $LAN_IN -j ACCEPT # unlimited access to LAN iptables -A INPUT -i $LAN_IN -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o $LAN_IN -j ACCEPT # DNAT port 80 request comming from LAN systems to squid 3128 ($SQUID_PORT) aka transparent proxy iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i $LAN_IN -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to $SQUID_SERVER:$SQUID_PORT # if it is same system iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i $INTERNET -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port $SQUID_PORT # DROP everything and Log it iptables -A INPUT -j LOG iptables -A INPUT -j DROP If you know where did I miss, please advice me. Thanks for all your help and I really appreciate it.

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  • Internet slowed down because of SQUID Server setup

    - by Ranjith Kumar
    Recently I have setup a squid server for our office. I have computer (A) with two ethernet cards, one for internet and the second one for local networkIt has Ubuntu server OS with squid-server and dhcp3-server installedI have added few iptable rules to work like a router and redirect all http traffic to 3128 port This link is my reference. Everything worked fine for 2 days. All of a sudden internet speed went down drastically. When I connected the internet cable to my laptop to test the internet speed it was fine. Again when I reconnected it back to computer A everything was normal. This happened 4 times in a week. Could anyone here please help me why the internet speed is going down and it becomes normal when I reconnect the cable. EDIT: Rebooting the system (computer A) didn't make a difference. I have changed iptables so that http traffic doesn't redirect to 3128 port any further, still no change in the internet speed. I think the problem is not with squid but with something else. Here are my iptable rules SQUID_SERVER="10.1.1.1" INTERNET="eth1" LAN_IN="eth0" SQUID_PORT="3128" PROXYSERVERS=(Atlanta Baltimore Boston Chicago Dallas Denver Houston KansasCity LosAngeles Miami NewYork Philadelphia Phoenix SanAntonio SanDiego SanJose Seattle Washington) SERVERLEN=${#PROXYSERVERS[*]} I=0 iptables -F iptables -X iptables -t nat -F iptables -t nat -X iptables -t mangle -F iptables -t mangle -X modprobe ip_conntrack modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp echo 1 /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables -P INPUT DROP iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i $INTERNET -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables --table nat --append POSTROUTING --out-interface $INTERNET -j MASQUERADE iptables --append FORWARD --in-interface $LAN_IN -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i $LAN_IN -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o $LAN_IN -j ACCEPT while [ $I -lt $SERVERLEN ]; do iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i $LAN_IN -p tcp -d ${PROXYSERVERS[$I]}.wonderproxy.com --dport 80 -j ACCEPT let I++ done iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i $LAN_IN -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to $SQUID_SERVER:$SQUID_PORT iptables -A INPUT --protocol tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT --protocol tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT --protocol tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -j LOG iptables -A INPUT -j DROP

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  • HTB.init / tc behind NAT

    - by Ben K.
    I have an Ubuntu 10 box that I'm trying to set up as a bandwidth-shaping router. The machine has one WAN interface, eth0 and two LAN interfaces, eth1 and eth2. NAT is configured using MASQUERADE as described at InternetConnectionSharing. I'm mostly concerned with shaping outbound traffic from the LAN interfaces -- in the end, I'd like to end up with a hard 768Kbps limit per-LAN-interface (rather than a limit on eth0 pooled across all interfaces). I installed HTB.init, and riffing on the examples, tried to set this up on eth1 by putting three files into /etc/sysconfig/htb: /etc/sysconfig/htb/eth1 DEFAULT=30 R2Q=100 /etc/sysconfig/htb/eth1-2.root RATE=768Kbps BURST=15k /etc/sysconfig/htb/eth1-2:30.dfl RATE=768Kbps CEIL=788Kbps BURST=15k LEAF=sfq I can /etc/init.d/htb start and /etc/init.d/htb stats and see information that /seems/ to suggest it's working...but when I try pulling a large file via the WAN interface the shaping clearly isn't in effect. Any suggestions? My guess is it has something to do with where the shaping falls in the NAT chain, but I really have no idea where to begin troubleshooting this. ---- Update: Here's my /etc/init.d/htb list output, it seems to make sense -- the default rate for eth1 is 768Kbps? ### eth0: queueing disciplines qdisc htb 1: root refcnt 2 r2q 100 default 30 direct_packets_stat 0 qdisc sfq 30: parent 1:30 limit 127p quantum 1514b perturb 10sec ### eth0: traffic classes class htb 1:2 root rate 768000bit ceil 768000bit burst 1599b cburst 1599b class htb 1:30 parent 1:2 leaf 30: prio 0 rate 6144Kbit ceil 6144Kbit burst 15Kb cburst 1598b ### eth0: filtering rules filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 100 u32 filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 100 u32 fh 800: ht divisor 1 filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 100 u32 fh 800::800 order 2048 key ht 800 bkt 0 flowid 1:30 match 00000000/00000000 at 12 match 00000000/00000000 at 16 ### eth1: queueing disciplines qdisc htb 1: root refcnt 2 r2q 100 default 30 direct_packets_stat 0 qdisc sfq 30: parent 1:30 limit 127p quantum 1514b perturb 10sec ### eth1: traffic classes class htb 1:2 root rate 768000bit ceil 768000bit burst 1599b cburst 1599b class htb 1:30 parent 1:2 leaf 30: prio 0 rate 6144Kbit ceil 6144Kbit burst 15Kb cburst 1598b

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  • Should I upgrade to Symantec Endpoint Protection?

    - by Alex C.
    I'm the IT manager at an animal shelter in Upstate New York. We have a Windows network with about 50 desktops running Windows XP Pro. We used to use CA eTrust Antivirus, but that product didn't work too well (too many infections got through). About six months ago, we switched to using Symantec Antivirus Corporate Edition ver. 10.1.8.8000. If anything, the Symantec product is even worse. The last six weeks in particular have been very bad -- we've had about seven or eight PCs get hit with those malware infections that masquerade as antivirus software. In most of those cases, Symantec didn't even flag the malware at all. So... what gives with the Symantec Antivirus? As far as I can tell, it's installed correctly and downloading updated definitions nightly. I can upgrade to Symantec Endpoint Protection for $220 (we get non-profit pricing), but I don't want to do it if it's not going to be significantly better. Any advice? Should I switch to something else entirely? Thanks!

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  • Iptables Forwarding problem

    - by ankit
    Hi all, I had initally asked question about sertting up my linux box for natting for my home network and was given suggestions in the thread here. Did not want to clutter the old question so starting a new one here. based on the earlier suggestions, i have come up with the following rules ... :PREROUTING ACCEPT [1:48] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [12:860] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [3:228] -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE COMMIT *filter :INPUT DROP [3:228] :FORWARD DROP [0:0] :OUTPUT DROP [0:0] -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth1 -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT COMMIT If you notice, i do have the proper MASQURADING rule and the proper FORWARD filter rule as well. However i am facing 2 problems On the linux box itself DNS resolving is not working the lan clients connected to the linux box, are still not able to get to internet. when i ping something from them, i see the DROP count in iptables INPUT rule increasing. now my question is, when i am pinging something from the lan client, how come it is being matched by the input chain ?! should it be in the forward chain ? Chain INPUT (policy DROP 20 packets, 2314 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 99 9891 ACCEPT all -- lo any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT icmp -- eth0 any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:http 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:https 122 9092 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:ssh Thanks ankit

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  • I have added a port to the public zone in firewalld but still can't access the port

    - by mikemaccana
    I've been using iptables for a long time, but have never used firewalld until recently. I have enabled port 3000 TCP via firewalld with the following command: # firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3000/tcp --permanent However I can't access the server on port 3000. From an external box: telnet 178.62.16.244 3000 Trying 178.62.16.244... telnet: connect to address 178.62.16.244: Connection refused There are no routing issues: I have a separate rule for a port forward from port 80 to port 8000 which works fine externally. My app is definitely listening on the port too: Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State User Inode PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 99 36797 18662/node firewall-cmd doesn't seem to show the port either - see how ports is empty. You can see the forward rule I mentioned earlier. # firewall-cmd --list-all public (default, active) interfaces: eth0 sources: services: dhcpv6-client ssh ports: masquerade: no forward-ports: port=80:proto=tcp:toport=8000:toaddr= icmp-blocks: rich rules: However I can see the rule in the XML config file: # cat /etc/firewalld/zones/public.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <zone> <short>Public</short> <description>For use in public areas. You do not trust the other computers on networks to not harm your computer. Only selected incoming connections are accepted.</description> <service name="dhcpv6-client"/> <service name="ssh"/> <port protocol="tcp" port="3000"/> <forward-port to-port="8000" protocol="tcp" port="80"/> </zone> What else do I need to do to allow access to my app on port 3000? Also: is adding access via a port the correct thing to do? Or should I make a firewalld 'service' for my app instead?

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