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• F# mutual recursion between modules

  - by rwallace

  For recursion in F#, existing documentation is clear about how to do it in the special case where it's just one function calling itself, or a group of physically adjacent functions calling each other. But in the general case where a group of functions in different modules need to call each other, how do you do it?

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• C++ Recursion Issue

  - by stupidmonkey

  Hi guys, I feel a little dumb asking this, but here we go... When trying to follow the Recursion example at the following website http://www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial/functions2/, I ran into a road bump that has me perplexed. I altered the code slightly just to get my head around the code in the recursion example and I pretty much have my head around it, but I can't figure out why the variable 'n' increments in 'Pass B' when I have not told the program to increment 'n'. Could you please help explain this? #include <stdlib.h> #include <iostream> using namespace std; long factorial (long n) { if (n > 1) { long r(0); cout << "Pass A" << endl; cout << "n = " << n << endl; cout << "r = " << r << endl; r = n * factorial (n-1); cout << "Pass B" << endl; cout << "n = " << n << endl; cout << "r = " << r << endl; return (r); } else return (1); } int main () { long number; cout << "Please type a number: "; cin >> number; cout << number << "! = " << factorial (number) << endl; system ("pause"); return 0; }

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• c++ recursion with arrays

  - by Sam

  I have this project that I'm working on for a class, and I'm not looking for the answer, but maybe just a few tips since I don't feel like I'm using true recursion. The problem involves solving the game of Hi Q or "peg solitaire" where you want the end result to be one peg remaining (it's played with a triangular board and one space is open at the start.) I've represented the board with a simple array, each index being a spot and having a value of 1 if it has a peg, and 0 if it doesn't and also the set of valid moves with a 2 dimensional array that is 36, 3 (each move set contains 3 numbers; the peg you're moving, the peg it hops over, and the destination index.) So my problem is that in my recursive function, I'm using a lot of iteration to determine things like which space is open (or has a value of 0) and which move to use based on which space is open by looping through the arrays. Secondly, I don't understand how you would then backtrack with recursion, in the event that an incorrect move was made and you wanted to take that move back in order to choose a different one. This is what I have so far; the "a" array represents the board, the "b" array represents the moves, and the "c" array was my idea of a reminder as to which moves I used already. The functions used are helper functions that basically just loop through the arrays to find an empty space and corresponding move. : void solveGame(int a[15], int b[36][3], int c[15][3]){ int empSpace; int moveIndex; int count = 0; if(pegCount(a) < 2){ return; } else{ empSpace = findEmpty(a); moveIndex = chooseMove( a, b, empSpace); a[b[moveIndex][0]] = 0; a[b[moveIndex][1]] = 0; a[b[moveIndex][2]] = 1; c[count][0] = b[moveIndex][0]; c[count][1] = b[moveIndex][1]; c[count][2] = b[moveIndex][2]; solveGame(a,b,c); } }

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• Help using recursion in Java

  - by Mercer

  I have a class Group. In the class I have two fields, idGroup IdGroupGroup. Groups may be part of other groups. My class Group is defined in a HashMap<Integer,Integer>; the key is IdGroupGroup and value is idGroup. I want to search the map for a particular idGroup; can I use recursion to do this?

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• recursion resulting in extra unwanted data

  - by spacerace

  I'm writing a module to handle dice rolling. Given x die of y sides, I'm trying to come up with a list of all potential roll combinations. This code assumes 3 die, each with 3 sides labeled 1, 2, and 3. (I realize I'm using "magic numbers" but this is just an attempt to simplify and get the base code working.) int[] set = { 1, 1, 1 }; list = diceroll.recurse(0,0, list, set); ... public ArrayList<Integer> recurse(int index, int i, ArrayList<Integer> list, int[] set){ if(index < 3){ // System.out.print("\n(looping on "+index+")\n"); for(int k=1;k<=3;k++){ // System.out.print("setting i"+index+" to "+k+" "); set[index] = k; dump(set); recurse(index+1, i, list, set); } } return list; } (dump() is a simple method to just display the contents of list[]. The variable i is not used at the moment.) What I'm attempting to do is increment a list[index] by one, stepping through the entire length of the list and incrementing as I go. This is my "best attempt" code. Here is the output: Bold output is what I'm looking for. I can't figure out how to get rid of the rest. (This is assuming three dice, each with 3 sides. Using recursion so I can scale it up to any x dice with y sides.) [1][1][1] [1][1][1] [1][1][1] [1][1][2] [1][1][3] [1][2][3] [1][2][1] [1][2][2] [1][2][3] [1][3][3] [1][3][1] [1][3][2] [1][3][3] [2][3][3] [2][1][3] [2][1][1] [2][1][2] [2][1][3] [2][2][3] [2][2][1] [2][2][2] [2][2][3] [2][3][3] [2][3][1] [2][3][2] [2][3][3] [3][3][3] [3][1][3] [3][1][1] [3][1][2] [3][1][3] [3][2][3] [3][2][1] [3][2][2] [3][2][3] [3][3][3] [3][3][1] [3][3][2] [3][3][3] I apologize for the formatting, best I could come up with. Any help would be greatly appreciated. (This method was actually stemmed to use the data for something quite trivial, but has turned into a personal challenge. :) edit: If there is another approach to solving this problem I'd be all ears, but I'd also like to solve my current problem and successfully use recursion for something useful.

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• Does this code follow the definition of recursion?

  - by dekz

  Hi All, I have a piece of code which I am doubting it as a implementation of recursion by its definition. My understanding is that the code must call itself, the exact same function. I also question whether writing the code this way adds additional overhead which can be seen with the use of recursion. What are your thoughts? class dhObject { public: dhObject** children; int numChildren; GLdouble linkLength; //ai GLdouble theta; //angle of rot about the z axis GLdouble twist; //about the x axis GLdouble displacement; // displacement from the end point of prev along z GLdouble thetaMax; GLdouble thetaMin; GLdouble thetaInc; GLdouble direction; dhObject(ifstream &fin) { fin >> numChildren >> linkLength >> theta >> twist >> displacement >> thetaMax >> thetaMin; //std::cout << numChildren << std::endl; direction = 1; thetaInc = 1.0; if (numChildren > 0) { children = new dhObject*[numChildren]; for(int i = 0; i < numChildren; ++i) { children[i] = new dhObject(fin); } } } void traverse(void) { glPushMatrix(); //draw move initial and draw transform(); draw(); //draw children for(int i = 0; i < numChildren; ++i) { children[i]->traverse(); } glPopMatrix(); } void update(void) { //Update the animation, if it has finished all animation go backwards if (theta <= thetaMin) { thetaInc = 1.0; } else if (theta >= thetaMax) { thetaInc = -1.0; } theta += thetaInc; //std::cout << thetaMin << " " << theta << " " << thetaMax << std::endl; for(int i = 0; i < numChildren; ++i) { children[i]->update(); } } void draw(void) { glPushMatrix(); glColor3f (0.0f,0.0f,1.0f); glutSolidCube(0.1); glPopMatrix(); } void transform(void) { //Move in the correct way, R, T, T, R glRotatef(theta, 0, 0, 1.0); glTranslatef(0,0,displacement); glTranslatef(linkLength, 0,0); glRotatef(twist, 1.0,0.0,0.0); } };

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• C: sprintf and recursion

  - by Shinka

  In C, is it possible to use recursion within the sprintf function ? For some reason I get a segmentation fault when I do it: inline char *TreeNode_toString(const TreeNode *node) { char *out; if(TreeNode_isExternal(node)) // If the node has no children... { sprintf(out, "%s:%.2f", node->name, node->distance); } else // The node is strictly binary, so it will have two non-null children { char *l = TreeNode_toString(node->l); // l = left child char *r = TreeNode_toString(node->r); // r = right child sprintf(out, "(%s,%s):%.2f", l, r, node->distance); } return out; }

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• too much recursion

  - by Dänu

  Hey guys, I got an error in javascript and it won't get away. :-) In the little recursive thingy following, I want to replace a value inside a (nested) object. var testobj = { 'user': { 'name': 'Mario', 'password': 'itseme' } }; updateObject('emesti', 'password', testobj) function updateObject(_value, _property, _object) { for(var property in _object) { if(property == _property) { _object[property] = _value; } else if(objectSize(_object) > 0) { updateObject(_value, _property, _object[property]); } } return _object }; function objectSize(_object) { var size = 0, key; for (key in _object) { if (_object.hasOwnProperty(key)) size++; } return size; }; After running this, firefox throws the exception "too much recursion" on the line else if(objectSize(_object) > 0) { .

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• Recursion with Func

  - by David in Dakota

  Is it possible to do recursion with an Func delegate? I have the following, which doesn't compile because the name of the Func isn't in scope... Func<long, long, List<long>, IEnumerable<long>> GeneratePrimesRecursively = (number, upperBound, primeFactors) => { if (upperBound > number) { return new List<long>(); } else { if (!primeFactors.Any(factor => number % factor == 0)) primeFactors.Add(number); return GeneratePrimesRecursively(++number, upperBound, primeFactors); // breaks here. } };

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• Find common nodes from two linked lists using recursion

  - by Dan

  I have to write a method that returns a linked list with all the nodes that are common to two linked lists using recursion, without loops. For example, first list is 2 - 5 - 7 - 10 second list is 2 - 4 - 8 - 10 the list that would be returned is 2 - 10 I am getting nowhere with this.. What I have been think of was to check each value of the first list with each value of the second list recursively but the second list would then be cut by one node everytime and I cannot compare the next value in the first list with the the second list. I hope this makes sense... Can anyone help?

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• Jquery Too Much Recursion Error

  - by user367082

  Hi There. I hope someone could help me. I have this code: <script> $(document).ready(function() { spectrum(); function spectrum(){ $('#bottom-menu ul li.colored a').animate( { color: '#E7294F' }, 16000); spectrum2(); } function spectrum2(){ $('#bottom-menu ul li.colored a').animate( { color: '#3D423C' }, 16000); spectrum(); } }); </script> it's working but when I look at firebug it says that there's a Too Much Recursion error. I hope someone can tell me why. Thanks!

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• Counting vowels in a string using recursion

  - by Daniel Love Jr

  In my python class we are learning about recursion. I understand that it's when a function calls itself, however for this particular assignment I can't figure out how exactly to get my function to call it self to get the desired results. I need to simply count the vowels in the string given to the function. def recVowelCount(s): 'return the number of vowels in s using a recursive computation' vowelcount = 0 vowels = "aEiou".lower() if s[0] in vowels: vowelcount += 1 else: ??? I'm really not sure where to go with this, it's quite frustrating. I came up with this in the end, thanks to some insight from here. def recVowelCount(s): 'return the number of vowels in s using a recursive computation' vowels = "aeiouAEIOU" if s == "": return 0 elif s[0] in vowels: return 1 + recVowelCount(s[1:]) else: return 0 + recVowelCount(s[1:])

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• Recursion function not working properly

  - by jakecar

  I'm having quite a hard time figuring out what's going wrong here: class iterate(): def init(self): self.length=1 def iterated(self, n): if n==1: return self.length elif n%2==0: self.length+=1 self.iterated(n/2) elif n!=1: self.length+=1 self.iterated(3*n+1) For example, x=iterate() x.iterated(5) outputs None. It should output 6 because the length would look like this: 5 -- 16 -- 8 -- 4 -- 2 -- 1 After doing some debugging, I see that the self.length is returned properly but something goes wrong in the recursion. I'm not really sure. Thanks for any help.

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• How to avoid recursion in Java SecurityManager checkConnect?

  - by Zilupe

  I'm trying to take control of a Java code base that does lots of un-documented things. I'm using a custom SecurityManager to check permission requests. Specifically, my code is checking SocketPermission checks -- checkConnect. checkConnect is called when the application tries to resolve a host name to IP address and to connect to a specific IP address. The problem is that I don't know how to properly call host name resolution (InetAddress.getAddressByName) without falling into infinite recursion, because normally checkConnect is called even when I resolve the name from inside the SecurityManager.checkConnect. I have read on the web that I have to call the address resolution from a doPrivileged block, but no idea how. P.S. Is this possible without writing any policy files?

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• Java-Recursion: When does statements after a recursive method call executes

  - by Ruru Morlano

  When are statements after the method call itself going to execute? private void inorderHelper(TreeNode node) { if ( node==null ) return; inorderHelper(node.leftNode); System.out.printf("%d", node.data); inorderHelper(node.rigthNode); } All I can see is that the line of codes inorderHelper(node.leftNode) will continue to iterate until node == null and the method terminates immediately before node.data is printed. I think that I didn't get well recursion but all examples I can find doesn't have statements after the recursive call. All I want to know is when are statements like System.out.printf("%d",node.data) going to execute before the method return?

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• How does the recursion here work?

  - by David

  code 1: public static int fibonacci (int n){ if (n == 0 || n == 1) { return 1; } else { return fibonacci (n-1) + fibonacci (n-2); } } how can you use fibonacci if you haven't gotten done explaining what it is yet? I've been able to understand using recursion in other cases like this: code two: class two { public static void two (int n) { if (n>0) { System.out.println (n) ; two (n-1) ; } else { return ; } } public static void main (String[] arg) { two (12) ; } } In the case of code 2 though n will eventualy reach a point at which it doesnt satisfy n0 and the method will stop calling itself recursivly. in the case of code 2 though i don't see how it would be able to get itself from 1 if n=1 was the starting point to 2 and 3 and 5 and so on. Also i don't see how the line `return fibonacci (n-1) + fibonacci (n-2) would work since fibbonacci n-2 has to contain in some sense fibonacci n-1 in order to wrok but it isn't there yet. I know my question is worded poorly but looking at this is making my mind explode. the book i'm looking at says it will work. how does it work? `

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• java recursion on array

  - by user69514

  I have to create a program that finds all the possible ways of filling a board of size 3xN You place a domino which takes up 2 spaces to completely fill the board. So far, this is my thought process on how it should be done based on what the teacher has said as well as my own thoughts. Get input and check if its even or odd If it's odd, the board can't be filled all the way and the program ends If it's even, place a domino horizontally in the top right corner of the board Test if you can place a domino vertically in that spot. Repeat those two steps as many times as possible. The problem is I don't know how to code it to the point where you can remember the placements of each domino. I can get it to where it fills the board completely once and maybe twice, but nothing past that. I also know that I'm supposed to use recursion to figure this out fwiw. Here is the code I started on so far. There is also a main method and I have the initial even/odd check working fine. This is the part I have no idea on. public void recurDomino(int row, int column) { if (Board[2][x - 1] != false) { } else if(Board[1][x-1]!=false) { } else { for (int n=0; n < x - 1; n++) { Board[row][column] = true; Board[row][column+1] = true; column++; counter++; } recurDomino(1, 0); recurDomino(2, 0); } } Thank you for any help you guys can give me.

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• Reordering arguments using recursion (pro, cons, alternatives)

  - by polygenelubricants

  I find that I often make a recursive call just to reorder arguments. For example, here's my solution for endOther from codingbat.com: Given two strings, return true if either of the strings appears at the very end of the other string, ignoring upper/lower case differences (in other words, the computation should not be "case sensitive"). Note: str.toLowerCase() returns the lowercase version of a string. public boolean endOther(String a, String b) { return a.length() < b.length() ? endOther(b, a) : a.toLowerCase().endsWith(b.toLowerCase()); } I'm very comfortable with recursions, but I can certainly understand why some perhaps would object to it. There are two obvious alternatives to this recursion technique: Swap a and b traditionally public boolean endOther(String a, String b) { if (a.length() < b.length()) { String t = a; a = b; b = t; } return a.toLowerCase().endsWith(b.toLowerCase()); } Not convenient in a language like Java that doesn't pass by reference Lots of code just to do a simple operation An extra if statement breaks the "flow" Repeat code public boolean endOther(String a, String b) { return (a.length() < b.length()) ? b.toLowerCase().endsWith(a.toLowerCase()) : a.toLowerCase().endsWith(b.toLowerCase()); } Explicit symmetry may be a nice thing (or not?) Bad idea unless the repeated code is very simple ...though in this case you can get rid of the ternary and just || the two expressions So my questions are: Is there a name for these 3 techniques? (Are there more?) Is there a name for what they achieve? (e.g. "parameter normalization", perhaps?) Are there official recommendations on which technique to use (when)? What are other pros/cons that I may have missed?

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• Project Euler (P14): recursion problems

  - by sean mcdaid

  Hi I'm doing the Collatz sequence problem in project Euler (problem 14). My code works with numbers below 100000 but with numbers bigger I get stack over-flow error. Is there a way I can re-factor the code to use tail recursion, or prevent the stack overflow. The code is below: import java.util.*; public class v4 { // use a HashMap to store computed number, and chain size static HashMap<Integer, Integer> hm = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>(); public static void main(String[] args) { hm.put(1, 1); final int CEILING_MAX=Integer.parseInt(args[0]); int len=1; int max_count=1; int max_seed=1; for(int i=2; i<CEILING_MAX; i++) { len = seqCount(i); if(len > max_count) { max_count = len; max_seed = i; } } System.out.println(max_seed+"\t"+max_count); } // find the size of the hailstone sequence for N public static int seqCount(int n) { if(hm.get(n) != null) { return hm.get(n); } if(n ==1) { return 1; } else { int length = 1 + seqCount(nextSeq(n)); hm.put(n, length); return length; } } // Find the next element in the sequence public static int nextSeq(int n) { if(n%2 == 0) { return n/2; } else { return n*3+1; } } }

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• Java anagram recursion List<List<String>> only storing empty lists<Strings>

  - by Riff Rafffer

  Hi In this recursion method i am trying to find all anagrams and add it to a List but what happens when i run this code is it just returns alot of empty Lists. private List<List<String>> findAnagrams(LetterInventory words, ArrayList<String> anagram, int max, Map<String, LetterInventory> smallDict, int level, List<List<String>> result) { ArrayList<String> solvedWord = new ArrayList<String>(); LetterInventory shell; LetterInventory shell2; if (level < max || max == 0) { Iterator<String> it = smallDict.keySet().iterator(); while (it.hasNext()) { String k = it.next(); shell = new LetterInventory(k); shell2 = words; if (shell2.subtract(shell) != null) { anagram.add(k); shell2 = words.subtract(shell); if (shell2.isEmpty()) { //System.out.println(anagram.toString()); it prints off fine here result.add(anagram); // but doesnt add here } else findAnagrams(shell2, anagram, max, smallDict, level + 1, result); anagram.remove(anagram.size()-1); } } } return results; }

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• Array Recursion

  - by GeeYouAreYou

  I've got an assignment I can't figure out, any pointers will be much appreciated, it goes like so: There's a series of light bulbs represented as an array of true/false, there's a switch for every light bulb, by clicking it for any light bulb, you toggle it as well as 2 adjacent ones (1 from left & another 1 from right; if clicked switch's bulb on edge -- only 1 adjacent toggled of course). What is needed to accomplish is a method that accepts an array of a series of turned on/off light bulbs and another one representing another state of supposedly the 1st array after some switches have been clicked..! So recursion must be used to find out whether there's a combination of switch clicks that will transform array 1 to array 2. Here's the signature of the method: public static boolean disco(boolean[] init, boolean[] target) Will return true if array init can be transformed to target, false otherwise. Method must be static and not use any other static and global variables, only local. Example: boolean[] init = {true, false, true, false, true, false}; boolean[] target = {false, true, false, true, false, true}; For above 2 arrays, disco(init, target) will return true because toggling the 1st and 4th bulbs would yield the target state (remember adjacent bulbs being toggled as well). Any help much appreciated..!!

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• Resolve php endless recursion issue

  - by Matt

  Hey all, I'm currently running into an endless recursion situation. I'm implementing a message service that calls various object methods.. it's quite similar to observer pattern.. Here's whats going on: Dispatcher.php class Dispatcher { ... public function message($name, $method) { // Find the object based on the name $object = $this->findObjectByName($name); // Slight psuedocode.. for ease of example if($this->not_initialized($object)) $object = new $object(); // This is where it locks up. } return $object->$method(); ... } class A { function __construct() { $Dispatcher->message("B", "getName"); } public function getName() { return "Class A"; } } class B { function __construct() { // Assume $Dispatcher is the classes $Dispatcher->message("A", "getName"); } public function getName() { return "Class B"; } } It locks up when neither object is initialized. It just goes back and forth from message each other and no one can be initialized. I'm looking for some kind of queue implementation that will make messages wait for each other.. One where the return values still get set. I'm looking to have as little boilerplate code in class A and class B as possible Any help would be immensely helpful.. Thanks! Matt Mueller

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• SQL query recursion for a web-like structure

  - by MickeyD

  I have a table here, named "Foo". The data is set up something like this. ID TableReference DataId0 DataId1 DataId2 -- -------------- ------- ------- ------- 1 Prize 3 4 5 2 Prize 4 5 NULL 3 Cash 1 NULL NULL 4 Prize 8 NULL 12 5 Foo 2 3 NULL 6 Cash 8 1 10 7 Foo 5 1 2 Etc. The data is horribly set up, I know, but I didn't set it up that way. :) I'm only dealing with the after effect. I'm trying to come up with a way to essentially "flatten" the table; that is, to display all the data to a point where the table "Foo" does not reference itself. I'm trying to figure out a sql query that I can do to get there. Usually when I deal with recursion, I have (or can establish) parent IDs and set it up that way, but for this table there are seemingly multiple child and parent IDs creating a web-like structure instead of a hierarchy. So I'm at a loss where to even begin to write a sql query for something like this. Note: There is no infinite looping (where one Foo points to another Foo, which points back to the original Foo) from what I've found. Using t-sql. Thanks for any assistance, if at all possible.

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• prolog recursion

  - by AhmadAssaf

  am making a function that will send me a list of all possible elemnts .. in each iteration its giving me the last answer .. but after the recursion am only getting the last answer back .. how can i make it give back every single answer .. thank you the problem is that am trying to find all possible distributions for a list into other lists .. the code test :- bp(3,12,[7, 3, 5, 4, 6, 4, 5, 2], Answer), format("Answer = ~w\n",[Answer]). bp(NB,C,OL,A):- addIn(C,OL,[[],[],[]],A); bp(NB,C,_,A). addIn(_,[],Result,Result). addIn(C,[Element|Rest],[F|R],Result):- member( Members , [F|R]), sumlist( Members, Sum), sumlist([Element],ElementLength), Cap is Sum + ElementLength, (Cap =< C, append([Element], Members,New), insert( Members, New, [F|R], PartialResult), addIn(C,Rest,PartialResult,Result)). by calling test .. am getting back all the list of possible answers .. now if i tried to do something that will fail like bp(3,11,[8,2,4,6,1,8,4],Answer). it will just enter a while loop .. more over if i changed the bp(NB,C,OL,A):- addIn(C,OL,[[],[],[]],A); bp(NB,C,_,A). to and instead of Or .. i get error : ERROR: is/2: Arguments are not sufficiently instantiated appreciate the help .. Thanks alot @hardmath

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• Finding duplicates in a list using recursion?

  - by user1760892

  I'm suppose to find if there is duplicates in a list and return true or false using recursion only (no loops). So if ArrayList of char is used, [a,b,c,d,e] should return false. [a,a,b,c,d] or [a,b,b,c,c,d] should return true. I've tried and tested different ways and it worked for some cases but not all. I changed my code around and this is what I have now. (Has problem at the last if statement) Can anyone give me some hints? Thanks. public static <T> boolean duplicate(List<T> list) throws NullPointerException { return duplicateHelper(list, list.get(0)); } public static <T> boolean duplicateHelper(List<T> list, T t){ if (list == null) throw new NullPointerException(); if(list.isEmpty()) return false; if(list.size() > 1){ if(t.equals(list.get(1))) return true; } if(list.size() == 1) return false; if(!duplicateHelper(list.subList(1,list.size()), t)){ return duplicate(list.subList(1,list.size())); } return false; }

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