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  • How to calculate cointegrations of two lists?

    - by Damiano
    Hello everybody! Thank you in advance for your help! I have two lists with some stocks prices, example: a = [10.23, 11.65, 12.36, 12.96] b = [5.23, 6.10, 8.3, 4.98] I can calculate the correlation of these two lists, with: import scipy.stats scipy.stats.pearsonr(a, b)[0] But, I didn't found a method to calculate the co-integration of two lists. Could you give me some advices? Thank you very much!

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  • Indexing one-dimensional numpy.array as matrix

    - by Alain
    I am trying to index a numpy.array with varying dimensions during runtime. To retrieve e.g. the first row of a n*m array a, you can simply do a[0,:] However, in case a happens to be a 1xn vector, this code above returns an index error: IndexError: too many indices As the code needs to be executed as efficiently as possible I don't want to introduce an if statement. Does anybody have a convenient solution that ideally doesn't involve changing any data structure types?

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  • List filtering: list comprehension vs. lambda + filter

    - by Agos
    I happened to find myself having a basic filtering need: I have a list and I have to filter it by an attribute of the items. My code looked like this: list = [i for i in list if i.attribute == value] But then i thought, wouldn't it be better to write it like this? filter(lambda x: x.attribute == value, list) It's more readable, and if needed for performance the lambda could be taken out to gain something. Question is: are there any caveats in using the second way? Any performance difference? Am I missing the Pythonic Way™ entirely and should do it in yet another way (such as using itemgetter instead of the lambda)? Thanks in advance

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  • Updating a module level shared dictionary

    - by Vishal
    Hi, A module level dictionary 'd' and is accessed by different threads/requests in a django web application. I need to update 'd' every minute with a new data and the process takes about 5 seconds. What could be best solution where I want the users to get either the old value or the new value of d and nothing in between. I can think of a solution where a temp dictionary is constructed with a new data and assigned to 'd' but not sure how this works! Appreciate your ideas. Thanks

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  • Using adaptive step sizes with scipy.integrate.ode

    - by Mike
    The (brief) documentation for scipy.integrate.ode says that two methods (dopri5 and dop853) have stepsize control and dense output. Looking at the examples and the code itself, I can only see a very simple way to get output from an integrator. Namely, it looks like you just step the integrator forward by some fixed dt, get the function value(s) at that time, and repeat. My problem has pretty variable timescales, so I'd like to just get the values at whatever time steps it needs to evaluate to achieve the required tolerances. That is, early on, things are changing slowly, so the output time steps can be big. But as things get interesting, the output time steps have to be smaller. I don't actually want dense output at equal intervals, I just want the time steps the adaptive function uses.

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  • Object for storing strings geted from prints

    - by evg
    class MyWriter: def __init__(self, stdout): self.stdout = stdout self.dumps = [] def write(self, text): self.stdout.write(smart_unicode(text).encode('cp1251')) self.dumps.append(text) def close(self): self.stdout.close() writer = MyWriter(sys.stdout) save = sys.stdout sys.stdout = writer I use self.dumps list to store geted data from prints. Is it exists more convinient object for storing string lines in memory? ideally i want dump it to one big string. I can get it like this "\n".join(self.dumps) from code above. Mb it's better to just concat strings - self.dumps += text ?

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  • Changing direction of rotation Pygame

    - by czl
    How would you change the direction of a rotating image/rect in Pygame? Applying positive and negative degree values works but it seems to only be able to rotate one direction throughout my window. Is there a way to ensure a change in direction of rotation? Perhaps change up rotation of a spinning image every 5 seconds, or if able to change the direction of the spin when hitting a X or Y axis. I've added some code below. It seems like switching movement directions is easy with rect.move_ip as long as I specify a speed and have location clause, it does what I want. Unfortunately rotation is't like that. Here I'l adding angles to make sure it spins, but no matter what I try, I'm unable to negate the rotation. def rotate_image(self): #rotate image orig_rect = self.image.get_rect() rot_image = pygame.transform.rotate(self.image, self.angle) rot_rect = orig_rect.copy() rot_rect.center = rot_image.get_rect().center rot_image = rot_image.subsurface(rot_rect).copy() return rot_image def render(self): self.screen.fill(self.bg_color) self.rect.move_ip(0,5) #Y axis movement at 5 px per frame self.angle += 5 #add 5 anglewhen the rect has not hit one of the window self.angle %= 360 if self.rect.left < 0 or self.rect.right > self.width: self.speed[0] = -self.speed[0] self.angle = -self.angle #tried to invert the angle self.angle -= 5 #trying to negate the angle rotation self.angle %= 360 self.screen.blit(self.rotate_image(),self.rect) pygame.display.flip() I would really like to know how to invert rotation of a image. You may provide your own examples.

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  • Django Find Out if User is Authenticated in Custom Tag

    - by greggory.hz
    I'm trying to create a custom tag. Inside this custom tag, I want to be able to have some logic that checks if the user is logged in, and then have the tag rendered accordingly. This is what I have: def user_actions(context): request = template.Variable('request').resolve(context) return { 'auth': request['user'].is_athenticated() } register.inclusion_tag('layout_elements/user_actions.html', takes_context=True)(user_actions) When I run this, I get this error: Caught VariableDoesNotExist while rendering: Failed lookup for key [request] in u'[{}]' The view that renders this ends like this: return render_to_response('start/home.html', {}, context_instance=RequestContext(request)) Why doesn't the tag get a RequestContext object instead of the Context object? How can I get the tag to receive the RequestContext instead of the Context? EDIT: Whether or not it's possible to get a RequestContext inside a custom tag, I'd still be interested to know the "correct" or best way to determine a user's authentication state from within the custom tag. If that's not possible, then perhaps that kind of logic belongs elsewhere? Where?

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  • Decorator that can take both init args and call args?

    - by digitala
    Is it possible to create a decorator which can be __init__'d with a set of arguments, then later have methods called with other arguments? For instance: from foo import MyDecorator bar = MyDecorator(debug=True) @bar.myfunc(a=100) def spam(): pass @bar.myotherfunc(x=False) def eggs(): pass If this is possible, can you provide a working example?

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  • does webapp has 'elseif' or 'elif' in template tags..

    - by zjm1126
    my code is : Hello!~~~ {% if user %} <p>Logged in as {{ user.first_name }} {{ user.last_name }}.</p> {% elif openid_user%} <p>Hello, {{openid_user.nickname}}! Do you want to <a href="{{openid_logout_url}}">Log out?</p> {% else %} <p><a href="/login?redirect={{ current_url }}">google Log in</a>.</p> <p><a href="/twitter">twitter Log in</a>.</p> <p><a href="/facebook">facebook Log in</a>.</p> <p><a href="{{openid_login_url}}">openid Log in</a>.</p> <iframe src="/_openid/login?continue=/"></iframe> {% endif %} the error is : TemplateSyntaxError: Invalid block tag: 'elif' does not webapp has a 'else if ' ? thanks

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  • Django - Expression based model constraints

    - by rtmie
    Is it possible to set an expression based constraint on a django model object, e.g. If I want to impose a constraint where an owner can have only one widget of a given type that is not in an expired state, but can have as many others as long as they are expired. Obviously I can do this by overriding the save method, but I am wondering if it can be done by setting constraints, e.g. some derivative of the unique_together constraint WIDGET_STATE_CHOICES = ( ('NEW', 'NEW'), ('ACTIVE', 'ACTIVE'), ('EXPIRED', 'EXPIRED') ) class MyWidget(models.Model): owner = models.CharField(max_length=64) widget_type = models.CharField(max_length = 10) widget_state = models.CharField(max_length = 10, choices = WIDGET_STATE_CHOICES) #I'd like to be able to do something like class Meta: unique_together = (("owner","widget_type","widget_state" != 'EXPIRED')

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  • index error:list out of range

    - by kaushik
    from string import Template from string import Formatter import pickle f=open("C:/begpython/text2.txt",'r') p='C:/begpython/text2.txt' f1=open("C:/begpython/text3.txt",'w') m=[] i=0 k='a' while k is not '': k=f.readline() mi=k.split(' ') m=m+[mi] i=i+1 print m[1] f1.write(str(m[3])) f1.write(str(m[4])) x=[] j=0 while j<i: k=j-1 l=j+1 if j==0 or j==i: j=j+1 else: xj=[] xj=xj+[j] xj=xj+[m[j][2]] xj=xj+[m[k][2]] xj=xj+[m[l][2]] xj=xj+[p] x=x+[xj] j=j+1 f1.write(','.join(x)) f.close() f1.close() It say line 33,xj=xj+m[l][2] has index error,list out of range please help thanks in advance

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  • Stopping long-running requests in Pylons

    - by Jack
    I'm working on an application using Pylons and I was wondering if there was a way to make sure it doesn't spend way too much time handling one request. That is, I would like to find a way to put a timer on each request such that when too much time elapses, the request just stops (and possibly returns some kind of error). The application is supposed to allow users to run some complex calculations but I would like to make sure that if a calculation starts taking too much time, we stop it to allow other calculations to take place.

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  • How to access the calling source line from interactive shell

    - by TJD
    I want to make a function that can determine the source code of how it was called. I'm aware of how to do this generally with the inspect module. For example, this question, works well and provides my desired output in the lines variable as shown below: def hello(x): frame,filename,line_number,function_name,lines,index=\ inspect.getouterframes(inspect.currentframe())[1] print(frame,filename,line_number,function_name,lines,index) The problem is that this solution doesn't work in an interactive command line session. For example, from a command line, the result looks like: >>> y = hello(7) (<frame object at 0x01ECA9E8>, '<stdin>', 1, '<module>', None, None) The problem is that the source file is '<stdin>', so the lines variable is None. How can I access the calling line to find the result containing the string y = hello(7) during an interactive session?

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  • Google App Engine: Update model definitons?

    - by Rosarch
    I recently updated one of my models by adding a db.ListProperty(): class DependencyArcTail(db.Model): courses = db.ListProperty(db.Key) ''' newly added ''' forwardLinks = db.ListProperty(db.Key) However, I can't seem to get this to be reflected in the SDK dashboard. I cleared the datastore and reloaded it. Then I ran the procedures that create the DependencyArcTail objects. However, forwardLinks still doesn't show up as an attribute in the SDK dashboard. What's happening?

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  • Launch an SWF full screen

    - by Geoff
    I have a swf file (a flash game). I want to run some script to open it in full-screen mode. I'm not attached to any browser, but I do run Linux, so a bash, or generic answer is what I'm looking for. I'm also open to building a lite browser application if need-be.

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  • List comprehension, map, and numpy.vectorize performance

    - by mcstrother
    I have a function foo(i) that takes an integer and takes a significant amount of time to execute. Will there be a significant performance difference between any of the following ways of initializing a: a = [foo(i) for i in xrange(100)] a = map(foo, range(100)) vfoo = numpy.vectorize(foo) a = vfoo(range(100)) (I don't care whether the output is a list or a numpy array.) Is there a better way?

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  • Crossed import in django

    - by Kuhtraphalji
    On example, i have 2 apps: alpha and beta in alpha/models.py import of model from beta.models and in beta/models.py import of model from alpha.models manage.py validate says that ImportError: cannot import name ModelName how to solve this problem?

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  • Problem with validating ModelForm

    - by user561640
    I use ModelForm to create my form. All works fine except 1 thing - validating the unique field. Code: class Article(models.Model): ... title = models.CharField(max_length=255, unique=True, error_messages={'max_length' : 'max translation', 'unique' : 'unique translation', 'required' : 'req translation',}) ... class ArticleForm(ModelForm): ... title = forms.CharField(max_length=255, min_length=3, error_messages={'required' : 'req translation', 'min_length' : 'min translation', 'max_length' : 'max translation', 'unique' : 'unique translation',}) But when I save my form with non-unique title I don't get my custom translated error but I get default error. How to fix it, that my unique field error is displayed?

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