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• Confused about the Windows 7 Preinstallation Kit

  - by David Brown

  I build custom PCs and would like to use the Windows 7 Preinstallation Kit to make installation go a little quicker and customize the Windows image. However, since each PC is built to a particular customer's specifications, the hardware will rarely be the same. So, I would like to have a single answer file that will work for everything. I'm not sure if that's possible, however. What I mostly want to do for now is add my support information as well as pre-set anything that I would normally change after each installation completes. I have a Windows 7 Professional Upgrade DVD set (both 32-bit and 64-bit), but no OEM disks. I copied the Install.wim file to my local drive and opened it in the Windows System Image Manager, but it asks me to choose a catalog file specifically for each edition of Windows 7. Will this limit the answer file to whichever edition I choose? I would think choosing Starter would give me the most basic settings, which would apply to all other editions, but I'm not entirely sure of this. I don't intend to install any extra applications or drivers. I merely want to insert an OEM disk, my OPK USB drive, and have it work for whatever edition of Windows 7 I'm installing. If a large number of similarly-configured PCs need to be built, I'll go ahead and create a custom answer file in that case, but for a single machine order, that seems like overkill. In addition, do I need a separate answer file for 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Windows 7? Or will it work for both, even though I copied the Install.wim file from the 32-bit disk? Thanks!

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• Is it ever good to share a userid?

  - by Ladlestein

  On Un*x, Is it ever a good idea to have one userid that many different people log into when they do stuff? Often I'm installing software or something on a Linux or BSD system. I've developed software for 24 years now, so I know how to make the machine do what I want, but I've never had responsibility for maintaining a multi-user installation where anyone really cared about security. So my opinions feel untested. Now I'm at a company where there's a server that many people log into with a single userid and do stuff. I'm installing some software on it. It's not really a public-facing server, and is only accessible via VPN, but it's used by many people nonetheless, to run tests on custom software, things like that. It's a staging server. I'm thinking that at the very least, using a single user obscures an audit trail, and that's bad. And it's just inelegant, because people don't have their own spaces on the server. But then again, with more userids, maybe there's a greater chance that one can be compromised, allowing attackers to gain access. ?

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• Login failed for user 'XXX' on the mirrored sql server

  - by hp17

  We have 4 web servers that host our asp.net (3.5) application. Randomly, we get error messages like : 1) "Login failed for user 'userid'" 2) "A network-related or instance-specific error occurred while establishing a connection to SQL Server. The server was not found or was not accessible. Verify that the instance name is correct and that SQL Server is configured to allow remote connections. (provider: Named Pipes Provider, error: 40 - Could not open a connection to SQL Server)" we are running sql2005 and have a principle and a mirror db (sync). When these exceptions are thrown, I look at the SQL error logs on the mirrored db and noticed the failed login messages in there. The principle db is running fine and the other web apps are working great. this will happen for maybe 10 min, then the app pool recycles and it starts hitting the principle db again. Is there a configuration I have incorrect? my theory is that our principle db is forwarding the request to the mirror, but that should never happen. any help??

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• SQL Server 2005 standard filegroups / files for performance on SAN

  - by Blootac

  I submitted this to stack overflow (here) but realised it should really be on serverfault. so apologies for the incorrect and duplicate posting: Ok so I've just been on a SQL Server course and we discussed the usage scenarios of multiple filegroups and files when in use over local RAID and local disks but we didn't touch SAN scenarios so my question is as follows; I currently have a 250 gig database running on SQL Server 2005 where some tables have a huge number of writes and others are fairly static. The database and all objects reside in a single file group with a single data file. The log file is also on the same volume. My interpretation is that separate data files should be used across different disks to lessen disk contention and that file groups should be used for partitioning of data. However, with a SAN you obviously don't really have the same issue of disk contention that you do with a small RAID setup (or at least we don't at the moment), and standard edition doesn't support partitioning. So in order to improve parallelism what should I do? My understanding of various Microsoft publications is that if I increase the number of data files, separate threads can act across each file separately. Which leads me to the question how many files should I have. One per core? Should I be putting tables and indexes with high levels of activity in separate file groups, each with the same number of data files as we have cores? Thank you

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• MS SQL Server 2005 Express rebuild master DB problem

  - by PaN1C_Showt1Me

  Hi ! There has been a power loss on our server and i cannot start the SQL service because the master DB is corrupted (as the log states). I found many articles recommending running the setup.exe with optional parameters: This is what I did: I've downloaded SQLEXPR32.EXE from MS page and ran it The first problem was, that it extracted all the setup files and started the default installation procedure. (which was unuseful for me as I need those params). If I canceled it, all the extracted files disappeared. That's why I decided to copy the extracted files somewhere and than cancel the default installation. Now I'm trying to run the setup.exe from the extraction: setup.exe /qb INSTANCENAME=MSSQLSERVER REINSTALL=SQL_Engine REBUILDDATABASE=1 SAPWD=xxxxx it asks me if I want to rewrite the system db, which is what I need, but then while installing I get this error: *An installation package for the product Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Express Edition cannot be found. Try the installation again using a valid copy of the installation package 'SqlRun_SQL.msi'* Then it tries to install something and it states: cannot install because the same instance name already exists. But I don't want to install a new instance .. Any idea how to solve this, please? Thank you in advance !

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• 32 core (each physical core) 2.2 GhZ or 12 core (6 physical cores) 3.0GHZ?

  - by Tejaswi Rana

  I am working on a multithreaded application (Forex trading app built on C#) and had the client upgrade from the 12 core 3.0GHZ machine (Intel) to a 32 core 2.2 Ghz machine (AMD). The PassMark benchmark results were significantly higher when using multicores doing Integer, Floating and other calculations while for a single core calculation it was a bit slower than the pack (others that were being compared to with similar config as the 12 core one). Oh it also comes with 64 GB RAM (4 times as the other one) and a much faster SSD. So after configuring and running the application on that machine, not only did it not perform as well, it was significantly slower. We're talking about 30seconds - 1 minute slower on an app that usually completes processing within 5-20 secs. The application uses MAX DEGREE of PARALLELISM (TPL) which I've tried setting to number of cores and also half of that. I've also tried running single threaded and without setting any limits in parallel threading. While it may be the hardware has some issues, I am wondering if the CPU processing speed is the issue. I can overclock to 3.0 GHZ. But is that even a good idea? Server Info - AMD http://www.passmark.com/forum/showthread.php?4013-AMD-Dual-6272-performance-is-60-lower-than-benchmarks Seems that benchmark was wrong to start with - officially. Intel i7 3930k OS (same in both) Windows 7 Professional 64-bit

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• Run command remotely on Windows computer

  - by Bilal Aslam

  I have a Windows Server 2008 instance on Amazon EC2 (Amazon's cloud compute platform, which provides VMs in the cloud). It has an external IP, and I have an admin account on the box. I would like to 'bootstrap' this instance remotely i.e. I want to run commands to download, install and configure apps on it, all without having to log on even once. Also, I cannot use psexec on the source computer. I have figured out how to do this to a remote, domain-joined computer using WMI. However, I have NOT been able to do for a remote computer on EC2. Here are some specific restrictions: The remote computer is not part of my domain, hence no Kerberos The remote computer does not have a cert I trust, or vice versa I am sure I am running into to some auth/trust restriction. Is there any way I can run a single command on the remote, given that I have admin privileges? I'm not tied down to using WMI, but I do need to run a command somehow. Feels like this should be a solved problem.

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• I/O APIC on Virtualbox

  - by RidDeBakTiYar

  I'm trying to use the PIT to do APIC timer calibration, and I want to use the PIT through I/O APIC instead of PIC. On Bochs I get interrupts from the PIT at the asked frequency from the I/O APIC, while on Virtualbox I can't receive a single interrupt. It must be an I/O APIC configuration problem because as I unmask the first PIC entry, the IRQ fires. However that's not what I want. Can you imagine any possible condition that wouldn't make Virtualbox fire the IRQ? I'm not assuming single I/O APIC configuration (even though Virtualbox has only 1). I'm not assuming identity mappings between ISA IRQs and I/O APIC GSIs (using ACPI MADT table to get I/O APIC base address and Int override). I'm setting the Trigger Mode and Polarity bits correctly (on Virtualbox they are set as '00 - default' which means edge high right?). I'm putting the BSP APIC ID into the Destination field (using Physical destination) and vector 0x20. Being the BSP APIC ID 0 on Virtualbox, it ends up with 0x0000000000000020 written to the IOREDTBL. And, just in case I'm getting the wrong values from the Interrupt Override descriptor, I'm setting this value to all the IOREDTBL entries (I know this is very very bad, and it wont be kept as I understand what's going on). The only thing I didn't check out is Local APIC configuration. Actually I'm not writing any value to the BSP LAPIC. Just reading the APIC ID and using it to boot APs through IPIs. And obviously I'm setting bit 11 in the IA32_APIC_BASE MSR to enable the LAPIC. Any ideas? Thanks in advance.

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• VPN Trunk Between Cisco ASA 5520 and DrayTek Vigor 2930

  - by David Heggie

  I'm a bit of a VPN newbie, so please go easy on me ... I'm trying to use the VPN trunking capabilities of the DrayTek Vigor 2930 firewall to bond two IPSec VPN connections to a Cisco ASA 5520 device and I'm getting myself tied in knots and hope someone here with more knowledge / experience can help. I have a remote site with two ADSL connections and the DrayTek box. The main office site has the Cisco ASA device. I am able to setup a single IPSec connection between the two sites on either of the ADSL connections' public IP addresses, but as soon as I try to use the VPN bonding, nothing works. The VPN tunnels are both still up, but the traffic is getting lost somewhere. I suspect it's due to the ASA not knowing how to route the traffic back over the VPN - one minute, traffic from my remote office's network is coming from public ip address #1, the next it's coming from public address #2 and it doesn't know what to do. Well, that's my newbie impression of what's going wrong, but I don't really know: If this is really what's happening If what I'm trying to do (bond two VPN connections from a single remote network to improve the bandwidth / resiliency) is possible with the kit I've got Could anyone help?

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• OSX root user keeps re-enabling itself on reboot

  - by geodave

  Running Snow Leopard. Completely inexplicably, I seem to have enabled the OSX root user by accident. I honestly have no idea how it happened, but if memory serves I was looking at the login pane (with my two user accounts) when I must have hit something, and suddenly the two accounts were replaced by one that just said "Other..." Clicking the "Other..." account allows me to type a username and password, but neither of the normal two accounts would work. Since I never set a root password, it wouldn't let me in that way either. So I booted into Single User mode and ran these commands: /sbin/mount -uw / fsck -fy launchctl load /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.DirectoryServices.plist dscl . -passwd /Users/root newpassword and that let me login as root. Then, I went to System Preferences, Accounts, Login Options, clicked Join, Open Directory Utility, and lastly in the Edit menu I clicked "Disable Root User" Great, I thought, back to normal. Except rebooting, I still only have the Other... account visible, and the root password I set beforehand doesn't work anymore! I have to reboot into Single User Mode and go through the whole process again just to get back into the system (as root) How on Earth did I accidentally enable this? I didn't even know about the Directory Utility before now. And most importantly, why the heck would it be re-enabling the root user on boot? Thanks in advance to any help!

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• How can I manage AWS VPC ssh access accounts and keys across multiple instances?

  - by deitch

  I am setting up a standard AWS VPC structure: a public subnet some private subnets, hosts on each, ELB, etc. Operational network access will be via either an ssh bastion host or an openvpn instance. Once on the network (bastion or openvpn), admins use ssh to access the individual instances. From what I can tell all of the docs seem to depend on a single user with sudo rights and a single public ssh key. But is that really best practice? Isn't it much better to have each user access each host under their own name? So I can deploy accounts and ssh public keys to each server, but that rapidly gets unmanageable. How do people recommend managing user accounts? I've looked at: IAM: It doesn't like like IAM has a method for automatically distributing accounts and ssh keys to VPC instances. IAM via LDAP: IAM doesn't have an LDAP API LDAP: set up my own LDAP servers (redundant, of course). Bit of a pain to manage, still better than managing on every host, especially as we grow. Shared ssh key: rely on the VPN/bastion to track user activities. I don't love it, but... What do people recommend? NOTE: I moved this over from accidentally posting in StackOverflow.

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• cpu load measure with hyperthreading on linux

  - by dronus

  How can I get the true usage of a multicore hyperthreading enabled cpu? For example lets consider a 2 core CPU, expressing 4 virtual cores. A single threaded workload would now show up as 100% in top, as one core of the virtual cores is completely used. The CPU and top work as expected, like there would be 4 real cores. With two threads however, the things get arkward: If all works well, they are balanced to the two real cores, so we got 200% usage: Two times 100% and two idle virtual cores, and are using all of the available CPU power. Seems ok to me. However, if the two threads would run on a single real core, they would show up as using two times 100%, that makes 200% virtual core usage. But on the real side, that would be one core sharing its power on the two threads, which are then using only one half of the total CPU power. So the usage numbers shown by top can not be used to measure the total CPU workload. I also wonder how hyperthreading balances two virtual on a real core. If two threads take a different amount of cycles, would the virtual cores 'adapt' so that both show a 100% load even if the real load differ?

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• Performance Test and TCP tuning

  - by Mithir

  We are in the process of performance testing an application which receives tcp requests converts them to soap requests (WCF-httpBinding) which other services work on. The server is Windows Server 2008 R2. The TCP requests are received by TcpListener instance (.NET C#). There are 3 http-binded WCF services running on the same server. We have built a performance test client which goal is to simulate multiple concurrent requests(each request has to be different and recognizable by the application). We built a test running 150 requests that run on the same time (by 150 different threads), and we noticed straight away that some requests get the TCP connection slowly, but once they get it, they act fast. A single request writes twice on the same connection- request and an application ack. Although a single request+ack can take about 150ms, the 150 test takes about 7 seconds. The Problem When we try to run this test from 2 different computers we lose requests. some clients requests are getting no connection was made because the target machine actively refused it So I got here and got convinced it was because of the backlog. I changed the TcpListener parameters and did the registry AFD backlog changes written here but it still didn't work, so I inserted all of the TCP tuning suggested plus some netsh commands which were recommended, but still no change, we still get that error. Is there anything else I need to know? Are there any other solutions?

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• Copying email with qmail and Plesk

  - by Greg

  I need to keep a copy of all outgoing and incoming email (for a single domain if possible) using qmail or Plesk. I can't recompile qmail, so qmailtap is out of the question, as is setting QUEUE_EXTRA in extra.h. I'm pretty sure it should be possible with Plesk's mailmng utility, aka Mail Handlers but I'm having trouble getting them to work. I've registered 2 hooks: incoming hook ./mailmng --add-handler --handler-name=incoming --recipient-domain=example.com --executable=/xxx/incoming.sh --context=/xxx/incoming/ --hook=before-local incoming.sh #!/bin/bash # The email is passed on stdin - grab it to a variable e=`cat -` # $1 = context (/xxx/incoming) # $3 = recipient ([email protected]) # Create /xxx/incoming/[email protected] mkdir -p $1$3 # Save the email to /xxx/incoming/[email protected]/0123456789.txt echo "$e" > $1$3/`date +%s%N`.txt # Echo PASS to stderr echo 'PASS' >&2 # Echo the email to stdout echo "$e" outgoing hook # ./mailmng --add-handler --handler-name=outgoing --sender-domain=holidaysplease.com --executable=/xxx/outgoing.sh --context=/xxx/outgoing/ --hook=before-remote The outgoing.sh file is the same as incoming.sh, except replace $3 (recipient) with $2 (sender). The incoming hook does work, but saves 2 copies of each email - one before and one after SpamAssassin has run. The outgoing hook doesn't seem to get called at all. So finally, my questions are: How can I make the incoming hook save only a single copy (preferably after SpamAssassin has run)? How can I get the outgoing hook to work?

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• Backup software for incremental swapped-out drives?

  - by user13743

  We're using Acronis Home 11 to backup our main Windows machine at the office. We have a set of portable hard drives that we swap out each week, for redundancy. We have incremental sets ( a new diff of the entire series each night) building on each drive. However, from time to time, Acronis gets confused and sometimes makes a new full backup. This eats up a lot of drive on the disks. Also, I have to trick the Acronis script each time I swap out a drive and point it to the new incremental backup set. Finally, if a drive gets full, there's no way to partition the backup set on a drive. I found this out the hard way, and now one drive is full with one backup set. So now on the other drive, I have three folders of backup sets. When one starts to get full, I delete the oldest one and start a new set. That way one single drive never gets filled up with one single backup set. I'm looking for a backup software that can backup Windows in incremental sets, and doesn't get tripped up with swapped out drives. Is there a better solution?

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• Deploying workstations - best practices?

  - by V. Romanov

  Hi guys I've been researching on the subject of workstation deployment for a while, and found a ton of info and dozens different methods and tools, but no "best practice" method that doesn't lack at least one feature that i consider required for the solution to be perfect. I'm currently interested in windows workstation deployment, but if the tools can be extended to Linux, then it's an added value. I want the deployment tools I use to be able to do the following: hardware independent - I want my image or installation to have a minimum of hardware and driver dependency, so that i can use a single image/package for all workstations easily updatable - I want to be able to update my image as easily as possible without redeploying/rebuilding/reimaging all configurations PXE bootable deployment - I want the tools to be bootable off the network so that I don't need a boot cd/DOK. scriptable for minimum human input - Ideally, the tool should run automatically after being booted and perform a "default" deployment (including partitioning) unless prompted otherwise. i.e - take a pc, hook it up, power on, PXE boot and forget about it until the OS is deployed. I found no single product or environment that does all this. Closest i came to is the windows deployment services/WIM image format. I also checked out numerous imaging and deployment tools including clonezilla, ghost, g4u, wpkg and others, but most of them lack the hardware Independence and updatability features. We currently have a Symantec Ghost server setup that does imaging over the network, but I'm not satisfied with it as it has all the drawbacks i listed above. Do you have suggestions how to optimize the process of workstation deployment? How do you deploy them in your organization? Thanks! Vadim.

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• Formula to calculate probability of unrecoverable read error during RAID rebuild

  - by OlafM

  I need to compare the reliability of different RAID systems with either consumer or enterprise drives. The formula to have the probability of success of a rebuild, ignoring mechanical problems, is simple: error_probability = 1 - (1-per_bit_error_rate)^bit_read and with 3 TB drives I get 38% probability to experience an URE (unrecoverable read error) for a 2+1 disks RAID5 (4.7% for enterprise drives) 21% for a RAID1 (2.4% for enterprise drives) 51% probability of error during recovery for the 3+1 RAID5 often used by users of SOHO products like Synologys. Most people don't know about this. Calculating the error for single disk tolerance is easy, my question concerns systems tolerant to multiple disks failures (RAID6/Z2, RAIDZ3 and RAID1 with multiple disks). If only the first disk is used for rebuild and the second one is read again from the beginning in case or an URE, then the error probability is the one calculated above squared (14.5% for consumer RAID5 2+1, 4.5% for consumer RAID1 1+2). However, I suppose (at least in ZFS that has full checksums!) that the second parity/available disk is read only where needed, meaning that only few sectors are needed: how many UREs can possibly happen in the first disk? not many, otherwise the error probability for single-disk tolerance systems would skyrocket even more than I calculated. If I'm correct, a second parity disk would practically lower the risk to extremely low values. Am I correct?

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• MySQL Master-Master w/ multiple read slave cost effective setup in AWS

  - by Ross

  I've been evaluating Amazon Web Services RDS for MySQL and costing out potential scenarios involving a simple multi-AZ deployment read/write setup vs. a multi-AZ deployment mysql master (hot-standby) with additional read-only slaves. the issue I'm trying to cost-optimize includes their reserved instance vs on-demand instances. Situation 1: purchase reserved multi-az setup for Extra-large-hi-mem(17GB RAM) instance for $5200/yr and have my application query the master all the time. the problem is, if I don't need all the resources of the (17GB RAM) all the time and therefore, especially not a hot-standby, what alternatives for savings can a better topology create, like potentially situation 2 below: Situation 2: purchase reserved multi-az setup using smaller master instances than above for the master-master hot-standby to receive the writes only. Then create and load balance several read-only slaves off the master and add/remove and/or scale up/down the read slaves based on demand. This might only cost $1000 + the on-demand usage of the read slaves. My thinking is, if I have a variable read-intensive application load, with low write load, the single level topology in situation 1 means I'm paying for a lot of resources at the write level of topology when I don't need them there. My hope is that situation 2 can yield cost savings from smaller reserved instances on the master-master resource level allowing me to scale up and down and/or out on the read-level according to demand as needed. Does anyone see a downside to doing this or know of some reason this isn't possible with RDS? Any other thoughts or advice always welcome of course. Thanks in advance, R

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• Why would the SQL 2008 "Generate scripts..." utility generate an invalid SQL script?

  - by Deane

  I have a SQL2008 database that needs to be restored to a SQL2005 instance. I have gone through the "Generate scripts..." wizard, set it for SQL2005 compatibility, and generated a 62MB SQL script. When I run it on the SQL2005 instance, it throws all kinds of errors, and some of them are really strange in that they describe an invalid database. FK constraints are wrong. It's trying to create FKs on columns that don't exist. It's trying insert records with duplicate key errors. It's trying to create the same objects twice. Any idea how this could happen? This SQL script was generated by SQL Server Management Studio just minutes before I tried to restore it, and was not modified. Why would this generate an invalid SQL file? Doesn't it just describe the SQL2008 database, which is presumably valid since we're using it? In particular, the duplicate key insertion errors mystify me. If there's a key constraint in the SQL script, then there must be the same thing in the SQL2008 table. So how could we get rows in there that violate that key constraint?

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• MySQL Workbench is not finding MySQL service? [closed]

  - by PhADDinTraining

  I set up a local MySQL server, currently with no databases. I'm trying to create a new server instance profile in MySQL Workbench to manage the server, and during the Create New Server Instance Profile wizard, it gets to the Windows Management section and tells me that No MySQL service found. I went into Task Manager and found the process mysqld.exe to be running, under the user name of NETWORK SERVICE. Then I went into the Services tab and found that MySQLServerName (I custom named the Windows service) is also there, and status is running. I ran cports and looked at what ports mysqld.exe is using, and ran a telnet command on that port. It's reporting that the port is being listened in on. I then ran the MySQL Command Line Client to be sure, and after \r it gives me a proper connection ID and a list of databases (NONE at this point). But with all this, I can't make the wizard find a running service. I've Googled this and found no answers, so please, if someone would help shed some light on this issue that'd be great!

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• How can I make Cygwin open a new window each time I use a Window 7 keyboard shortcut?

  - by Michael Gundlach

  [Update: The short answer is, if an application in the 3rd thing on your taskbar, press WindowsKey+Shift+3 to open a new instance. Hooray!] I have Chrome and Cygwin on my taskbar. Chrome's shortcut is Ctrl-Alt-C (as set through right clicking the icon and putting Ctrl-Alt-C into Chrome - Properties - Shortcut Key). Cygwin's shortcut is Ctrl-Alt-T. When I press Ctrl-Alt-C, I get a new Chrome window. Great! It's as if I had shift-clicked on the Chrome icon. When I press Ctrl-Alt-T, I get a Cygwin window the first time, but after that I just get focused on the Cygwin window. As if I had simply clicked on the Cygwin icon and not shift-clicked. As if Cygwin wasn't able to have more than one instance open. I can still shift-click the icon to get more instances. I've tried with different keys than Ctrl-Alt-T and got the same behavior. Strangely, I've twice managed to get it into a state (via just clearing and setting the shortcut key over and over) where a shortcut WOULD open multiple instances -- but it was Ctrl-Alt-G both times, which doesn't make sense to my brain which has been trained to use Ctrl-Alt-T for years. Ctrl-Alt-G usually behaves just as poorly as Ctrl-Alt-T, except for the two times when magically it started behaving properly. So I'm thinking this is a Windows 7 bug (which has existed since Windows XP at least), but I'm hoping someone knows something I don't :)

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• Poor SSL performance with vsftpd

  - by petrus

  I'm trying to tweak vsftpd to achieve maximum performance for my usage: I have only one or two clients that connect to the server. File size is between ~15MB and 1GB. Typical transfer batch represent between 1 and 2GB of data. For testing purposes, I'm using a tmpfs on both sides (thus eliminating any disks bottleneck) with a single 1GB file. When SSL is disabled, performance is good, with a transfer rate at ~120MB/s (reaching the limits of gigabit networking). With SSL enabled only for control traffic (and not data traffic), performance drops at about 112MB/s, which is still within the acceptable limits. However, when SSL is enabled for data flows, the transfer speed drops dramatically: 6.7MB/s using 3DES & SHA (ssl_ciphers=DES-CBC3-SHA in vsftpd.conf) 16MB/s using DES & SHA (ssl_ciphers=DES-CBC-SHA) I didn't tested other ciphers, but from what I can see from the CPU usage during the transfer, it seems that vsftpd is only using a single cpu/core per client. While this can fit for large ftp sites with hundreds of clients, I'd like to avoid this behavior and use more ressources on the server. On a side note, if you have any ideas regarding other openssl ciphers...

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• Can't sync filesystem without reboot

  - by Fabio

  I'm having an issue with a linux server. Once a week the running mysql instance hangs and there is no way to fully stop it. If I kill it, it remains in zombie status and init does not reap its pid. The server is used for staging deployments and some internal tools, so it's not under heavy load. The only process constantly used id mysql and for this I think that it's the only process which suffer of this issue. I've searched system logs for errors and the only thing I found is this error (repeated a couple of times) in dmesg output: [706560.640085] INFO: task mysqld:31965 blocked for more than 120 seconds. [706560.640198] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. [706560.640312] mysqld D ffff88032fd93f40 0 31965 1 0x00000000 [706560.640317] ffff880242a27d18 0000000000000086 ffff88031a50dd00 ffff880242a27fd8 [706560.640321] ffff880242a27fd8 ffff880242a27fd8 ffff88031e549740 ffff88031a50dd00 [706560.640325] ffff88031a50dd00 ffff88032fd947f8 0000000000000002 ffffffff8112f250 [706560.640328] Call Trace: [706560.640338] [<ffffffff8112f250>] ? __lock_page+0x70/0x70 [706560.640344] [<ffffffff816cb1b9>] schedule+0x29/0x70 [706560.640347] [<ffffffff816cb28f>] io_schedule+0x8f/0xd0 [706560.640350] [<ffffffff8112f25e>] sleep_on_page+0xe/0x20 [706560.640353] [<ffffffff816c9900>] __wait_on_bit+0x60/0x90 [706560.640356] [<ffffffff8112f390>] wait_on_page_bit+0x80/0x90 [706560.640360] [<ffffffff8107dce0>] ? autoremove_wake_function+0x40/0x40 [706560.640363] [<ffffffff8112f891>] filemap_fdatawait_range+0x101/0x190 [706560.640366] [<ffffffff81130975>] filemap_write_and_wait_range+0x65/0x70 [706560.640371] [<ffffffff8122e441>] ext4_sync_file+0x71/0x320 [706560.640376] [<ffffffff811c3e6d>] do_fsync+0x5d/0x90 [706560.640379] [<ffffffff811c40d0>] sys_fsync+0x10/0x20 [706560.640383] [<ffffffff816d495d>] system_call_fastpath+0x1a/0x1f When this happens the only way to make everything working again is a full reboot, but in order to do that I'm forced to use this command after I've manually stopped all running processes echo b > /proc/sysrq-trigger otherwise normal reboot process hangs forever. I've tracked reboots script and I've found out that also the reboot process hangs on a sync call, this one in /etc/init.d/sendsigs (I'm on ubuntu) # Flush the kernel I/O buffer before we start to kill # processes, to make sure the IO of already stopped services to # not slow down the remaining processes to a point where they # are accidentily killed with SIGKILL because they did not # manage to shut down in time. sync I'm almost sure that the cause of this is an hardware issue (the RAID controller???) also because I've other two machines with the same hardware and software configuration and they don't suffer of this, but I can't find any hint in syslog or dmesg. I've also installed smartmontools and mcelog packages but none of them did report any issue. What can I do to track the cause of this issue? Today is happened again, here is the status of system after triggering a reboot init---console-kit-dae---64*[{console-kit-dae}] +-dbus-daemon +-mcelog +-mysqld---{mysqld} +-newrelic-daemon---newrelic-daemon---11*[{newrelic-daemon}] +-ntpd +-polkitd---{polkitd} +-python3 +-rpc.idmapd +-rpc.statd +-rpcbind +-sh---rc---S20sendsigs---sync +-smartd +-snmpd +-sshd---sshd---zsh---sudo---zsh---pstree +-sshd---sshd---zsh---sudo---zsh And here is the status of sync process # ps aux | grep sync root 3637 0.1 0.0 4352 372 ? D 05:53 0:00 sync i.e. Uninterruptible sleep... Hardware specs as reported by lshw I think the raid controller is a fake raid. I usually don't deal with hardware (and for the record I don't have physical access to it) description: Computer product: X7DBP () vendor: Supermicro version: 0123456789 serial: 0123456789 width: 64 bits capabilities: smbios-2.4 dmi-2.4 vsyscall32 configuration: administrator_password=disabled boot=normal frontpanel_password=unknown keyboard_password=unknown power-on_password=disabled uuid=53D19F64-D663-A017-8922-0030487C1FEE *-core description: Motherboard product: X7DBP vendor: Supermicro physical id: 0 version: PCB Version serial: 0123456789 *-firmware description: BIOS vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD physical id: 0 version: 6.00 date: 05/29/2007 size: 106KiB capacity: 960KiB capabilities: pci pnp upgrade shadowing escd cdboot bootselect edd int13floppy2880 acpi usb ls120boot zipboot biosbootspecification *-storage description: RAID bus controller product: 631xESB/632xESB SATA RAID Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f.2 bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.2 version: 09 width: 32 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: storage pm bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=ahci latency=0 resources: irq:19 ioport:18a0(size=8) ioport:1874(size=4) ioport:1878(size=8) ioport:1870(size=4) ioport:1880(size=32) memory:d8500400-d85007ff

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• Load Sharing Regarding Large Websites

  - by JHarley1

  Hello, I have a question regarding Load Sharing for large websites. My Understanding: So if you have a website that has millions of fits a day you will need to have an architecture that can support this sort of pressure. You can either do one or two things: Invest in a single large server that has huge amounts of processing power, memory and storage (such as Microsoft's TerraServer). Spread the load of your website across a number of machines. Let me tackle the second approach, so you have a collection of machines all running Web Server Software and all having access to identical copies of the websites pages. You can either spread the load across these machines using a cyclic pattern in a DNS or you can use a Load Ballancing Switch. The advantages of this approach is: - Redundancy - servers can fail and the others would "pick up the slack" - Incremental - the ability to easily add new machines to this set-up. My Question's Is there a Virtual approach to this issue of load balancing now? If the website runs from a database - is there still only a single copy of the database? If a user had a session running on one Server (e.g. they had gone to www.example.org and had been assigned to Server 2 - were they had created a session) if they refreshed the website (and were allocated Server 3) would they still have their session? What are the other disadvantages associated with Load Balancing? Many Thanks, J

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• ADO 2.8, VMWare and SQL Server - sudden bulk dropped connections

  - by CodeByMoonlight

  We have an overworked server currently running a single SQL Server 2000 instance on physical hardware, and about 40 different apps interact with it on a daily basis. Last year, the RAID controller failed and we had no spare, so IT Support hurriedly migrated it overnight to a copy running on a VMWare Server. While it was on that server everything ran much quicker due to it being a big improvement in spec. However, the biggest app using it had occasional serious errors which never occurred on physical hardware. Specifically, several times a week it would disconnect batches of users - anywhere from just ten to hundreds at once, and all at the same time. It didn't affect any particular users or PCs or offices - all were affected equally. The only common thing was the app, which is a VB6 app using ADO 2.8 to connect. The other apps connecting to that virtualised instance of SQL Server seemingly had no problems, although they were (and are) responsible for only a tiny fraction of the work involving this server. The upshot is that after about two weeks of loving the speed and hating the random mass disconnections (which we were never able to find a cause for), we sadly took the decision to return to physical hardware and the disconnections vanished. Now we've reached the point where the old server just can't handle all that's being asked of it, and we're intending to migrate everything to 2 or more other servers. The snag is that there's a good chance they'll have to be virtual ones again. Given what happened last time, I'm trying to find out what possible reasons there could be for these mass disconnections. We were running VMWare ESX, but the network is Novell-based. Also, the server had a linked server setup to connect to an Informix server using a known-to-be-buggy ODBC driver, and this is used throughout the day. Any ideas on the cause(s)?

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