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  • Contract / Project / Line-Item hierarchy design considerations

    - by Ryan
    We currently have an application that allows users to create a Contract. A contract can have 1 or more Project. A project can have 0 or more sub-projects (which can have their own sub-projects, and so on) as well as 1 or more Line. Lines can have any number of sub-lines (which can have their own sub-lines, and so on). Currently, our design contains circular references, and I'd like to get away from that. Currently, it looks a bit like this: public class Contract { public List<Project> Projects { get; set; } } public class Project { public Contract OwningContract { get; set; } public Project ParentProject { get; set; } public List<Project> SubProjects { get; set; } public List<Line> Lines { get; set; } } public class Line { public Project OwningProject { get; set; } public List ParentLine { get; set; } public List<Line> SubLines { get; set; } } We're using the M-V-VM "pattern" and use these Models (and their associated view models) to populate a large "edit" screen where users can modify their contracts and the properties on all of the objects. Where things start to get confusing for me is when we add, for example, a Cost property to the Line. The issue is reflecting at the highest level (the contract) changes made to the lowest level. Looking for some thoughts as to how to change this design to remove the circular references. One thought I had was that the contract would have a Dictionary<Guid, Project> which would contain ALL projects (regardless of their level in hierarchy). The Project would then have a Guid property called "Parent" which could be used to search the contract's dictionary for the parent object. THe same logic could be applied at the Line level. Thanks! Any help is appreciated.

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  • Can higher-order functions in FP be interpreted as some kind of dependency injection?

    - by Giorgio
    According to this article, in object-oriented programming / design dependency injection involves a dependent consumer, a declaration of a component's dependencies, defined as interface contracts, an injector that creates instances of classes that implement a given dependency interface on request. Let us now consider a higher-order function in a functional programming language, e.g. the Haskell function filter :: (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> [a] from Data.List. This function transforms a list into another list and, in order to perform its job, it uses (consumes) an external predicate function that must be provided by its caller, e.g. the expression filter (\x -> (mod x 2) == 0) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] selects all even numbers from the input list. But isn't this construction very similar to the pattern illustrated above, where the filter function is the dependent consumer, the signature (a -> Bool) of the function argument is the interface contract, the expression that uses the higher-order is the injector that, in this particular case, injects the implementation (\x -> (mod x 2) == 0) of the contract. More in general, can one relate higher-order functions and their usage pattern in functional programming to the dependency injection pattern in object-oriented languages? Or in the inverse direction, can dependency injection be compared to using some kind of higher-order function?

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  • Turning a problem into a data

    - by Fogmeister
    OK, I have an app that I'm creating but I'm just really not sure about how to approach the problem. The idea is fairly simple. I'm just not sure how to wrap it in a data model (or even if I should). TBH I feel like I'm making it more complicated than it needs to be. How it works. The app will have circles along the top in a row that need to be connected to circles along the bottom in a row. 10 circles at the top. 10 at the bottom. One connection per pair of dots. Anyway, I can get the dots to connect I'm just not sure how to wrap it in a data model so that I can analyse what has been connected and see if it is right or not. The circles will be questions and answers. I can make an array of question objects with a question and answer properties. I can then display these as the dot pairs. I'm just not sure how to record which questions have been connected to which answers. It is valid for a user to connect a wrong answer as they all get checked at the end. I was thinking of using SpriteKit but this isn't a restriction. I could use UIKit or something else. TBH, this question is fairly language free as I'm just after a way of modelling it.

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  • What is the canonical resource on multi-tenancy web applications using ruby + rails

    - by AlexC
    What is the canonical resource on multi-tenancy web applications using ruby + rails. There are a number of ways to develop rails apps using cloud capabilities with real elastic properties but there seems to be a lack of clarity with how to achieve multitenancy, specifically at the model / data level. Is there a canonical resource on options to developing multitenancy rails applications with the required characteristics of data seperation, security, concurrency and contention required by an enterprise level cloud application.

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  • Is the "One Description Table to rule them all" approch good?

    - by DavRob60
    Long ago, I worked (as a client) with a software which use a centralized table for it's codified element. Here, as far as I remember, how the table look like : Table_Name (PK) Field_Name (PK) Code (PK) Sort_Order Description So, instead of creating a table every time they need a codified field, they where just adding row in this table with the new Table_Name and Field_Name. I'm sometime tempted to use this pattern in some database I design, but I have resisted to this as from now, I think there's something wrong with this, but I cannot put the finger on it. It is just because you land with some of the structure logic within the Data or something else?

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  • How does session middleware generally verify browser sessions?

    - by BBnyc
    I've been using session middleware to build web apps for years: from PHP's built-in session handling layer to node's connect session middleware. However, I've never tried (or needed) to roll my own session handling layer. How would one go about it? What sort of checks are necessary to provide at least some modicum of security against HTTP session highjacking? I figure setting a cookie with a token to keep track of the session, and then perhaps some check to see that the originating IP address of the session doesn't change and that the client browser software remains consistent. Hoping to hear about current best-practices...

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  • Is static universally "evil" for unit testing and if so why does resharper recommend it?

    - by Vaccano
    I have found that there are only 3 ways to unit test (mock/stub) dependencies that are static in C#.NET: Moles TypeMock JustMock Given that two of these are not free and one has not hit release 1.0, mocking static stuff is not too easy. Does that make static methods and such "evil" (in the unit testing sense)? And if so, why does resharper want me to make anything that can be static, static? (Assuming resharper is not also "evil".) Clarification: I am talking about the scenario when you want to unit test a method and that method calls a static method in a different unit/class. By most definitions of unit testing, if you just let the method under test call the static method in the other unit/class then you are not unit testing, you are integration testing. (Useful, but not a unit test.)

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  • How to keep a big and complex software product maintainable over the years?

    - by chrmue
    I have been working as a software developer for many years now. It has been my experience that projects get more complex and unmaintainable as more developers get involved in the development of the product. It seems that software at a certain stage of development has the tendency to get "hackier" and "hackier" especially when none of the team members that defined the architecture work at the company any more. I find it frustrating that a developer who has to change something has a hard time getting the big picture of the architecture. Therefore, there is a tendency to fix problems or make changes in a way that works against the original architecture. The result is code that gets more and more complex and even harder to understand. Is there any helpful advice on how to keep source code really maintainable over the years?

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  • Creating a shared library that might be used with desktop applications and web projects

    - by dreza
    I have been involved in a number of MVC.NET and c# desktop projects in our company over the last year or so while also managing to kept my nose poked into other projects (in a read-only learning capacity of course). From this I've noticed that across the various projects and teams there is a-lot of functionality that has been well designed against good interfaces and abstractions. Because we tend to like our own work at times, I noticed a couple of projects had the exact same class, method copied into it as it had obviously worked on one and so was easily moved to a new project (probably by the same developer who originally wrote it) I mentioned this fact in one of our programmer meetings we have occasionally and suggested we pull some of this functionality into a core company library that we can build up over time and use across multiple projects. Everyone agreed and I started looking into this possibility. However, I've come across a stumbling block pretty early on. Our team primarily focuses on MVC at the moment and we have projects mainly in 2.0 but are starting to branch to 3.0. We also have a number of desktop applications that might benefit from some shared classes and basic helper methods. Initially when creating this DLL I included some shared classes that could be used across any project type (Web, Client etc) but then I started looking at adding some shared modules that would be useful in our MVC applications only. However this meant I had to include a reference to some Microsoft Web DLL's in order to leverage some of the classes I was creating (at this stage MVC 2.0). Now my issue is that we have a shared DLL that has references to web specific libraries that could also possibly be used in a client application. Not only that, our DLL referenced initially MVC 2.0 and we will eventually move onto MVC 3.0 for all projects. But alot of the classes in this library I expect to still be relevant to MVC 3 etc Our code within this DLL is separated into it's own namespaces such as: CompanyDLL.Primitives CompanyDLL.Web.Mvc CompanyDLL.Helpers etc etc So, my questions are: Is it OK to do a shared library like this, or if we have web specific features in it should we create a separate web DLL only targeted at a specific framework or MVC version? If it's OK, what kind of issues might we face when using the library that references MVC 2 in a MVC 3 project for example. I would be thinking that we might run into some sort of compatibility issue, or even issues where the developers using the library doesn't realize they need MVC 2.0 libraries. They might only want to use some of the generic classes etc The concept seemed like a good idea at the time, but I'm starting to think maybe it's not really a practical solution. But the number of times I've seen copied classes and methods across projects because they are proven tested code is a bit unnerving to be perfectly honest!

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  • On developing deep programming knowledge

    - by Robert Harvey
    Occasionally I see questions about edge cases and other weirdness on Stack Overflow that are easily answered by the likes of Jon Skeet and Eric Lippert, demonstrating a deep knowledge of the language and its many intricacies, like this one: You might think that in order to use a foreach loop, the collection you are iterating over must implement IEnumerable or IEnumerable<T>. But as it turns out, that is not actually a requirement. What is required is that the type of the collection must have a public method called GetEnumerator, and that must return some type that has a public property getter called Current and a public method MoveNext that returns a bool. If the compiler can determine that all of those requirements are met then the code is generated to use those methods. Only if those requirements are not met do we check to see if the object implements IEnumerable or IEnumerable<T>. That's cool stuff to know. I can understand why Eric knows this; he's on the compiler team, so he has to know. But what about those who demonstrate such deep knowledge who are not insiders? How do mere mortals (who are not on the C# compiler team) find out about stuff like this? Specifically, are there methods these folks use to systematically root out such knowledge, explore it and internalize it (make it their own)?

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  • Architecture for a site "blog"/"news reel"

    - by DavidScherer
    I really don't want to undertake handling blog/news posts within a site I'm working on and would much rather use some other software that's fairly bare-bones that will manage the posts and then I can just pull posts from the DB or an API. Does anyone have any experience with a nice, lightweight OS Blog type software that has either an API or is basic enough to simply pull Data from the database? I really only need the software for managing, I plan to display all the posts programatically through MVC.

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  • How do PGP and PEM differ?

    - by Dummy Derp
    Email messages are sent in plain text which means that the messages I send to Derpina are visible to anyone who somehow gets access to them while they are in transit. To overcome this, various encryption mechanisms were developed. PEM and PGP are two of them. PEM - canonically converts-adds digital signature-encrypts and sends PGP does exactly the same. So where do they differ? Or is it that PGP (being a program) is used to generate a PEM message?

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  • How to apply verification and validation on the following example

    - by user970696
    I have been following verification and validation questions here with my colleagues, yet we are unable to see the slight differences, probably caused by language barrier in technical English. An example: Requirement specification User wants to control the lights in 4 rooms by remote command sent from the UI for each room separately. Functional specification The UI will contain 4 checkboxes labelled according to rooms they control. When a checkbox is checked, the signal is sent to corresponding light. A green dot appears next to the checkbox When a checkbox is unchecked, the signal (turn off) is sent to corresponding light. A red dot appears next to the checkbox. Let me start with what I learned here: Verification, according to many great answers here, ensures that product reflects specified requirements - as functional spec is done by a producer based on requirements from customer, this one will be verified for completeness, correctness). Then design document will be checked against functional spec (it should design 4 checkboxes..), and the source code against design (is there a code for 4 checkboxes, functions to send the signals etc. - is it traceable to requirements). Okay, product is built and we need to test it, validate. Here comes our understanding trouble - validation should ensure the product meets requirements for its specific intended use which is basically business requirement (does it work? can I control the lights from the UI?) but testers will definitely work with the functional spec, making sure the checkboxes are there, working, labelled, etc. They are basically checking whether the requirements in functional spec were met in the final product, isn't that verification? (should not be, lets stick to ISO 12207 that only validation is the actual testing)

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  • Learning good OOP design & unlearning some bad habits

    - by Nick
    I have been mostly a C programmer so far in my career with knowledge of C++. I rely on C++ mostly for the convenience STL provides and I hardly ever focus on good design practices. As I have started to look for a new job position, this bad habit of mine has come back to haunt me. During the interviews, I have been asked to design a problem (like chess, or some other scenario) using OOP and I doing really badly at that (I came to know this through feedback from one interview). I tried to google stuff and came up with so many opinions and related books that I don't know where to begin. I need a good through introduction to OOP design with which I can learn practical design, not just theory. Can you point me to any book which meets my requirements ? I prefer C++, but any other language is fine as long as I can pick-up good practices. Also, I know that books can only go so far. I would also appreciate any good practice project ideas that helped you learn and improve your OOP concepts. Thanks.

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  • How to practice typing of programmer keys such as tilde, pipe and programmer quote?

    - by user7893
    It is nice that there are services such as TypeRacer where you can practice casual writing but I want to practice programmer keys, covers more numbers and keys not used by regular typist. There was some tutor with which I practiced some programmer keys and noticed that my speed dropped dramatically from 70-80 wpm to even about 15-30 wpm, it also trains different muscles. So how can I practice just programming keys with programming texts or just random code pieces?

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  • Understanding a codebase [duplicate]

    - by jojo modjo
    This question already has an answer here: How do you dive into large code bases? 31 answers What kind of practices should one employ to increase his understanding of a codebase. I will be a bit more specific and narrow down the question to the domain of an application that includes asynchronous jobs, python, celery, mysql, sqlalchemy and flask. It's a code base that creates reports basically. I would like to have a better understanding of the codebase.

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  • Questions about software licensing

    - by iwayneo
    I've been having a discussion about licensing and open source software. Basically - the other guy is saying that licensing is easy, if you're going to build a product you can use an (any) open source project and make money by selling that code. My issue is that say I create a website or app with a project that uses a GPL license the restrictions aren't so straight forward - correct me if i'm wrong on each of these scenarios: 1 - i create an iPhone app using GPL code and put that app into the appstore - the code must be freely available to people buying that app. 2 - i create a website that my client hosts - they must have access to the code. 3 - i create a website as SaaS that my client "leases" but does not own - though it is hosted on their infrastructure - they must have access to that code Am i right on each of those assumptions? Are there any other issues i should be aware of under any other licensing terms for other licenses?

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  • Can I use Visual studio for Python and Django development?

    - by Pankaj Upadhyay
    I have been using Visual Studio for quite some time now, in fact from the VS 2005 version. Right now, I am not only comfortable but addict to using it(VS 2010) for all my development needs. Recently I have been learning Python and Django. In that getting the tutorial tasks up and running with IDLE seems very lame and outdated(I am following the Django Book). Therefore, I downloaded and configured Eclipse & PyDev. Eclipse seems good and fine but needs a bit of learning curve for itself. So, I am looking for a way to configure Visual Studio 2010 for Python and Django development if possible. Please tell me if that's possible and How ?

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  • i'm confused what skill shall i learn at my internship

    - by iyad al aqel
    i'm a software Engineering student having my internship this summer. the company asked me to choose one or two skills that i want to master and they will coordinate me and give me small tasks to medium projects to master it . Now , i'm confused shall i continue with web development and learn .NET given that i've been working with PHP for 2 years OR entering the mobile development world and learn Android. any advice guys ?

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  • Studying parallel programming

    - by mort
    I'm currently finishing my Bachelor's degree in Computer Science and thinking a lot about which specialisation to choose in my Master's degree. One subject I'm particularly interested in is parallel programming. However, this topic does not seem to be a standard topic in Computer Science degrees, although it is something that is used more and more - new processors nowadays are usually dual or quad cores. So I was wandering: does anybody know a good study program in this field? I was mostly looking for it at universities in Germany, but they tend to combine the application side with some type of engineering or natural science. Thus, programs are more the "Computational Engineering" or "Computational Science" type, but I'm more interested in the Computer Science part of it, i.e. parallel programming, languages and compilers, algorithms and hardware.

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  • When must I turn my business idea into a formal Company? [closed]

    - by Sony Santos
    I'm a programmer, I have an idea, I know how to implement it, it will be a website, and that site will be my business. My question is very basic: where in timeline must I register my business as an official Company (ie, according Government laws)? Here there are some options to debate or to help answer me: Now - or as soon as I have the idea; When looking for investors (e.g., when a prototype or business plan is ready); When implementing the website; At site's launch; I must launch the website as a personal informal business and, when the business gets success and turns into a more solid and self-running one, only then I must formalize it; It doesn't matter; I can create the company when I want. Nobody talks about that. If I just have an idea, must I run into an office to create a Company? I don't think so. When I'll look for investors, the Company must to pre-exist? Or will the Company be formed with the investor? I'm looking for a generic, country-independent answer, but may the answer for your country can be useful to me. I'm Brazilian, and I believe that the country doesn't matter to this question. (Sorry if this is off-topic, but I coudn't find a batter stackexchange site to ask this.)

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  • Designing business objects, and gui actions

    - by fozz
    Developing a product ordering system using Java SE 6. The previous implementations used combo boxes, text fields, and check boxes. Preforming validation on action events from the GUI. The validation includes limiting existing combo boxes items, or even availability. The issue in the old system was that the action was received and all rules were applied to the entire business object. This resulted in a huge event change as options were changed multiple times. To be honest I have no idea how an infinite loop wasn't produced. Through the next iteration I stepped in and attempted to limit the chaos by controlling the order in which the selections could be made. Making configuration of BO's a top down approach. I implemented custom box models, action events, beans/binding, and an MVC pattern. However I still am unable to fully isolate action even chains. I'm thinking that I've approached the whole concept backwards in an attempt to stay closest to what was already in place. So the question becomes what do I design instead? I'm currently considering an implementation of Interfaces, Beans, Property Change Listeners to manage the back and forth. Other thoughts were validation exceptions, dynamic proxies.... I'm sure there are a ton of different ways. To say that one way is right is crazy, and I'm sure it will take a blending of multiple patterns. My knowledge of swing/awt validation is limited, previously I did backend logic only. Other considerations are were some sort of binding(jgoodies or otherwise) to directly bind GUI state to BO's.

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  • What strategy to use when starting in a new project with no documentations?

    - by Amir Rezaei
    Which is the best why to go when there are no documentations? For example how do you learn business rules? I have done the following steps: Since we are using a ORM tool I have printed a copy of database schema where I can se relations between objects. I have made a list of short names/table names that I will get explained. The project is client/server enterprise application using MVVM pattern.

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  • What are some good seminar topics that can be used to improve designer&developer communication?

    - by tactoth
    Hello guys the thing I'll tell is what happens in the company I work for but I know it's more like a common issue in software companies. I'm development team leader in a internet service company that provides service that's very similar to dropbox. In our company we have mainly two divisions: the tech division and the designers division, both have their own reporting hierarchy. Designers focus on designing UI and prioritizing features, while developers focus on implement designers' ideas (more like being driven as our big boss has said). Then here comes our issue: the DEV team and DES team communicate very bad. DEV complain DES for these reasons: Too frequent changing of requirements Too complicated interaction (our DEV team has actually learned many HCI principles) Documents for design are incomplete, usually you just get 'design principles' and it's up to DEV to complete design details. When you find design defects, you ask DES team to resolve them, then DES team quickly change the principles and you gonna spend another several weeks because the change is so fundamental. While DES complain DEV for these reasons: Code architecture is not good enough to adapt to changing requirements (Obviously DES knows something about software development) Product design is about principles, not details. DEV fails to realize this. Communication should be quick and should be mainly oral. Trying to make most feature discussion in document for reference is too overloaded and doesn't make sense. As you can see, DEV and DES have different ideas on product design, and encourages very different practice. We have this difference because of the way we work. So our solution is that we should plan some seminars to make each part more aware of the way the other part work. Then my question is, what are some good topics for such seminars? Guessing some people may not think seminars can solve this problem, please also suggest your solution.

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  • Increase motivation in Our Project's Wiki with achievements?

    - by ZoolWay
    We are currently running a mediawiki for our developers and most developers are not adding entries if they find something to document. Instead the mail it so a list containing all developers and most often I add the entries. I just thought adding something like score, achievements, badges or similar could add motivation but I cannot find a extension for media wiki. Is there such an extension? Is one of these recommended? Funny fact: Currently I think the StackExchange system would fit much better but we need it internally ;)

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