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  • Deterministic key serialization

    - by Mike Boers
    I'm writing a mapping class which uses SQLite as the storage backend. I am currently allowing only basestring keys but it would be nice if I could use a couple more types hopefully up to anything that is hashable (ie. same requirements as the builtin dict). To that end I would like to derive a deterministic serialization scheme. Ideally, I would like to know if any implementation/protocol combination of pickle is deterministic for hashable objects (e.g. can only use cPickle with protocol 0). I noticed that pickle and cPickle do not match: >>> import pickle >>> import cPickle >>> def dumps(x): ... print repr(pickle.dumps(x)) ... print repr(cPickle.dumps(x)) ... >>> dumps(1) 'I1\n.' 'I1\n.' >>> dumps('hello') "S'hello'\np0\n." "S'hello'\np1\n." >>> dumps((1, 2, 'hello')) "(I1\nI2\nS'hello'\np0\ntp1\n." "(I1\nI2\nS'hello'\np1\ntp2\n." Another option is to use repr to dump and ast.literal_eval to load. This would only be valid for builtin hashable types. I have written a function to determine if a given key would survive this process (it is rather conservative on the types it allows): def is_reprable_key(key): return type(key) in (int, str, unicode) or (type(key) == tuple and all( is_reprable_key(x) for x in key)) The question for this method is if repr itself is deterministic for the types that I have allowed here. I believe this would not survive the 2/3 version barrier due to the change in str/unicode literals. This also would not work for integers where 2**32 - 1 < x < 2**64 jumping between 32 and 64 bit platforms. Are there any other conditions (ie. do strings serialize differently under different conditions)? (If this all fails miserably then I can store the hash of the key along with the pickle of both the key and value, then iterate across rows that have a matching hash looking for one that unpickles to the expected key, but that really does complicate a few other things and I would rather not do it.) Any insights?

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  • Tkinter Packing Strangeness: Buttons packed above others

    - by Parand
    I'm sure I'm doing something obvious wrong here, but I can't see it. I end up with the "Should be on top" label packed at the bottom instead of at the top. What am I doing wrong? from Tkinter import * class SelectAction(Frame): buttons = {} def callback(self): print "Callback" def createWidgets(self): logo_label = Label(text="Should be on top").pack(fill=X) for name, text, callback in ( ('setup_account', 'Account Settings', self.callback), ('do_action', 'Do Something', self.callback), ): self.buttons[name] = Button(self, text=text, command=callback).pack(fill=X) def __init__(self, master=None): Frame.__init__(self, master) self.pack() self.createWidgets() if __name__ == "__main__": root = Tk() app = SelectAction(master=root) app.mainloop() root.destroy()

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  • A graph-based tuple merge?

    - by user1644030
    I have paired values in tuples that are related matches (and technically still in CSV files). Neither of the paired values are necessarily unique. tupleAB = (A####, B###), (A###, B###), (A###, B###)... tupleBC = (B####, C###), (B###, C###), (B###, C###)... tupleAC = (A####, C###), (A###, C###), (A###, C###)... My ideal output would be a dictionary with a unique ID and a list of "reinforced" matches. The way I try to think about it is in a graph-based context. For example, if: tupleAB[x] = (A0001, B0012) tupleBC[y] = (B0012, C0230) tupleAC[z] = (A0001, C0230) This would produce: output = {uniquekey0001, [A0001, B0012, C0230]} Ideally, this would also be able to scale up to more than three tuples (for example, adding a "D" match that would result in an additional three tuples - AD, BD, and CD - and lists of four items long; and so forth). In regards to scaling up to more tuples, I am open to having "graphs" that aren't necessarily fully connected, i.e., every node connected to every other node. My hunch is that I could easily filter based on the list lengths. I am open to any suggestions. I think, with a few cups of coffee, I could work out a brute force solution, but I thought I'd ask the community if anyone was aware of a more elegant solution. Thanks for any feedback.

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  • Attribute Error in django

    - by itsandy
    Hi all, I am having an attribute error while working with django-registration it says 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'strip' I dropped my db table and created again but the error doesnt go..can anyone help..

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  • mod_wsgi daemon mode vs threaded fastcgi

    - by t0ster
    Can someone explain the difference between apache mod_wsgi in daemon mode and django fastcgi in threaded mode. They both use threads for concurrency I think. Supposing that I'm using nginx as front end to apache mod_wsgi. UPDATE: I'm comparing django built in fastcgi(./manage.py method=threaded maxchildren=15) and mod_wsgi in 'daemon' mode(WSGIDaemonProcess example threads=15). They both use threads and acquire GIL, am I right?

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  • I get a 400 Bad Request error while using django-piston

    - by Cheezo
    Hello, I am trying to use Piston to provide REST support to Django. I have implemented my handlers as per the documentation provided . The problem is that i can "read" and "delete" my resource but i cannot "create" or "update". Each time i hit the relevant api i get a 400 Bad request Error. I have extended the Resource class for csrf by using this commonly available code snippet: class CsrfExemptResource(Resource): """A Custom Resource that is csrf exempt""" def init(self, handler, authentication=None): super(CsrfExemptResource, self).init(handler, authentication) self.csrf_exempt = getattr(self.handler, 'csrf_exempt', True) My class (code snippet) looks like this: user_resource = CsrfExemptResource(User) class User(BaseHandler): allowed_methods = ('GET', 'POST', 'PUT', 'DELETE') @require_extended def create(self, request): email = request.GET['email'] password = request.GET['password'] phoneNumber = request.GET['phoneNumber'] firstName = request.GET['firstName'] lastName = request.GET['lastName'] self.createNewUser(self, email,password,phoneNumber,firstName,lastName) return rc.CREATED Please let me know how can i get the create method to work using the POST operation?

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  • Setting up repoze.who with make_redirecting_plugin

    - by Timmy
    my file is: [plugin:form] use = repoze.who.plugins.form:make_redirecting_plugin login_form_url = /account/signin login_handler_path = /account/login logout_handler_path = /account/logout [identifiers] plugins = form;browser auth_tkt i created a form on /account/signin, but it doesnt find the identity? what has to be on the form?

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  • Pygame Sprite/Font rendering issues

    - by Grimless
    Hey guys. Here's my problem: I have a game class that maintains a HUD overlay that has a bunch of elements, including header and footer background sprites. Everything was working fine until I added a 1024x128 footer sprite. Now two of my text labels will not render, despite the fact that they DO exist in my Group and self.elements array. Is there something I'm missing? When I take out the footerHUDImage line, all of the labels render correctly and everything works fine. When I add the footerHUDImage, two of the labels (the first two) no longer render and the third only sometimes renders. HELP PLEASE! Here is the code: class AoWHUD (object): def __init__(self, screen, delegate, dataSource): self.delegate = delegate self.dataSource = dataSource self.elements = [] headerHudImage = KJRImage("HUDBackground.png") self.elements.append(headerHudImage) headerHudImage.userInteractionEnabled = True footerHUDImage = KJRImage("ControlsBackground.png") self.elements.append(footerHUDImage) footerHUDImage.rect.bottom = screen.get_rect().height footerHUDImage.userInteractionEnabled = True lumberMessage = "Lumber: " + str(self.dataSource.lumber) lumberLabel = KJRLabel(lumberMessage, size = 48, color = (240, 200, 10)) lumberLabel.rect.topleft = (_kSpacingMultiple * 0, 0) self.elements.append(lumberLabel) stoneMessage = "Stone: " + str(self.dataSource.stone) stoneLabel = KJRLabel(stoneMessage, size = 48, color = (240, 200, 10)) stoneLabel.rect.topleft = (_kSpacingMultiple * 1, 0) self.elements.append(stoneLabel) metalMessage = "Metal: " + str(self.dataSource.metal) metalLabel = KJRLabel(metalMessage, size = 48, color = (240, 200, 10)) metalLabel.rect.topleft = (_kSpacingMultiple * 2, 0) self.elements.append(metalLabel) foodMessage = "Food: " + str(len(self.dataSource.units)) + "/" + str(self.dataSource.food) foodLabel = KJRLabel(foodMessage, size = 48, color = (240, 200, 10)) foodLabel.rect.topleft = (_kSpacingMultiple * 3, 0) self.elements.append(foodLabel) self.selectionSprites = {32 : pygame.image.load("Selected32.png").convert_alpha(), 64 : pygame.image.load("Selected64.png")} self._sprites_ = pygame.sprite.Group() for e in self.elements: self._sprites_.add(e) print self.elements def draw(self, screen): if self.dataSource.resourcesChanged: lumberMessage = "Lumber: " + str(self.dataSource.lumber) stoneMessage = "Stone: " + str(self.dataSource.stone) metalMessage = "Metal: " + str(self.dataSource.metal) foodMessage = "Food: " + str(len(self.dataSource.units)) + "/" + str(self.dataSource.food) self.elements[2].setText(lumberMessage) self.elements[2].rect.topleft = (_kSpacingMultiple * 0, 0) self.elements[3].setText(stoneMessage) self.elements[3].rect.topleft = (_kSpacingMultiple * 1, 0) self.elements[4].setText(metalMessage) self.elements[4].rect.topleft = (_kSpacingMultiple * 2, 0) self.elements[5].setText(foodMessage) self.elements[5].rect.topleft = (_kSpacingMultiple * 3, 0) self.dataSource.resourcesChanged = False self._sprites_.draw(screen) if self.delegate.selectedUnit: theSelectionSprite = self.selectionSprites[self.delegate.selectedUnit.rect.width] screen.blit(theSelectionSprite, self.delegate.selectedUnit.rect)

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  • how to make my method running on the template of google-app-engine..

    - by zjm1126
    the model is : class someModel(db.Model): name = db.StringProperty() def name_is_sss(self): return self.name=='sss' the view is : a=someModel() a.name='sss' path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), os.path.join('templates', 'blog/a.html')) self.response.out.write(template.render(path, {'a':a})) and the html is : {{ a.name_is_sss }} the page shows : True so i want to make it more useful, and like this: the model: class someModel(db.Model): name = db.StringProperty() def name_is_x(self,x): return self.name==x the html is : {% a.name_is_x 'www'%} or {{ a.name_is_x 'www'}} but the error is : TemplateSyntaxError: Invalid block tag: 'a.name_is_x' or TemplateSyntaxError: Could not parse the remainder: 'www' so how to make my method running thanks

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  • Django: Applying Calculations To A Query Set

    - by TheLizardKing
    I have a QuerySet that I wish to pass to a generic view for pagination: links = Link.objects.annotate(votes=Count('vote')).order_by('-created')[:300] This is my "hot" page which lists my 300 latest submissions (10 pages of 30 links each). I want to now sort this QuerySet by an algorithm that HackerNews uses: (p - 1) / (t + 2)^1.5 p = votes minus submitter's initial vote t = age of submission in hours Now because applying this algorithm over the entire database would be pretty costly I am content with just the last 300 submissions. My site is unlikely to be the next digg/reddit so while scalability is a plus it is required. My question is now how do I iterate over my QuerySet and sort it by the above algorithm? For more information, here are my applicable models: class Link(models.Model): category = models.ForeignKey(Category, blank=False, default=1) user = models.ForeignKey(User) created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) modified = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) url = models.URLField(max_length=1024, unique=True, verify_exists=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=512) def __unicode__(self): return u'%s (%s)' % (self.name, self.url) class Vote(models.Model): link = models.ForeignKey(Link) user = models.ForeignKey(User) created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) def __unicode__(self): return u'%s vote for %s' % (self.user, self.link) Notes: I don't have "downvotes" so just the presence of a Vote row is an indicator of a vote or a particular link by a particular user.

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  • how can i set the key 'blob-key' about BlobStore?

    - by pyleaf
    I use the jquery plugin "uploadify" to upload multiple files to My App(GAE), and then save them with blobstore, but it failed. I debug the code into get_uploads, it seems field.type_options is empty and of course has 'blob-key'. Q: where does the key 'blob-key' come from? thank you!

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  • Dynamically add items to Tkinter Canvas

    - by nick369
    I'm attempting to learn Tkinter with the goal of being able to create a 'real-time' scope to plot data. As a test, I'm trying to draw a polygon on the canvas every time the 'draw' button is pressed. The triangle position is randomized. I have two problems: There is a triangle on the canvas as soon as the program starts, why and how do I fix this? It doesn't draw any triangles when I press the button, at least none that I can see. CODE from Tkinter import * from random import randint class App: def __init__(self,master): #frame = Frame(master) #frame.pack(side = LEFT) self.plotspc = Canvas(master,height = 100, width = 200, bg = "white") self.plotspc.grid(row=0,column = 2, rowspan = 5) self.button = Button(master, text = "Quit", fg = "red", \ command = master.quit) self.button.grid(row=0,column=0) self.drawbutton = Button(master, text = "Draw", command = \ self.pt([50,50])) self.drawbutton.grid(row = 0, column = 1) def pt(self, coords): coords[0] = coords[0] + randint(-20,20) coords[1] = coords[1] + randint(-20,20) x = (0,5,10) y = (0,10,0) xp = [coords[0] + xv for xv in x] yp = [coords[1] + yv for yv in y] ptf = zip(xp,yp) self.plotspc.create_polygon(*ptf) if _name_ == "_main_": root = Tk() app = App(root) root.mainloop() The code is formatting strangely within the code tags, I have no idea how to fix this.

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  • Preserving the dimensions of a slice from a Numpy 3d array

    - by Brendan
    I have a 3d array, a, of shape say a.shape = (10, 10, 10) When slicing, the dimensions are squeezed automatically i.e. a[:,:,5].shape = (10, 10) I'd like to preserve the number of dimensions but also ensure that the dimension that was squeezed is the one that shows 1 i.e. a[:,:,5].shape = (10, 10, 1) I have thought of re-casting the array and passing ndmin but that just adds the extra dimensions to the start of the shape tuple regardless of where the slice came from in the array a.

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  • Matplotlib autodatelocator custom date formatting?

    - by jawonlee
    I'm using Matplotlib to dynamically generate .png charts from a database. The user may set as the x-axis any given range of datetimes, and I need to account for all of it. While Matplotlib has the dates.AutoDateLocator(), I want the datetime format printed on the chart to be context-specific - e.g. if the user is charting from 3 p.m. to 5 p.m., the year/month/day information doesn't need to be displayed. Right now, I'm manually creating Locator and Formatter objects thusly: def get_ticks(start, end): from datetime import timedelta as td delta = end - start if delta <= td(minutes=10): loc = mdates.MinuteLocator() fmt = mdates.DateFormatter('%I:%M %p') elif delta <= td(minutes=30): loc = mdates.MinuteLocator(byminute=range(0,60,5)) fmt = mdates.DateFormatter('%I:%M %p') elif delta <= td(hours=1): loc = mdates.MinuteLocator(byminute=range(0,60,15)) fmt = mdates.DateFormatter('%I:%M %p') elif delta <= td(hours=6): loc = mdates.HourLocator() fmt = mdates.DateFormatter('%I:%M %p') elif delta <= td(days=1): loc = mdates.HourLocator(byhour=range(0,24,3)) fmt = mdates.DateFormatter('%I:%M %p') elif delta <= td(days=3): loc = mdates.HourLocator(byhour=range(0,24,6)) fmt = mdates.DateFormatter('%I:%M %p') elif delta <= td(weeks=2): loc = mdates.DayLocator() fmt = mdates.DateFormatter('%b %d') elif delta <= td(weeks=12): loc = mdates.WeekdayLocator() fmt = mdates.DateFormatter('%b %d') elif delta <= td(weeks=52): loc = mdates.MonthLocator() fmt = mdates.DateFormatter('%b') else: loc = mdates.MonthLocator(interval=3) fmt = mdates.DateFormatter('%b %Y') return loc,fmt Is there a better way of doing this?

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  • How can I handle dynamic calculated attributes in a model in Django?

    - by bullfish
    In Django I calculate the breadcrumb (a list of fathers) for an geographical object. Since it is not going to change very often, I am thinking of pre calculating it once the object is saved or initialized. 1.) What would be better? Which solution would have a better performance? To calculate it at _init_ or to calculate it when the object is saved (the object takes about 500-2000 characters in the DB)? 2.) I tried to overwrite the _init_ or save() methods but I don't know how to use attributes of the just saved object. Accessing *args, **kwargs did not work. How can I access them? Do I have to save, access the father and then save again? 3.) If I decide to save the breadcrumb. Whats the best way to do it? I used http://www.djangosnippets.org/snippets/1694/ and have crumb = PickledObjectField(). Thats the method to calculate the attribute crumb() def _breadcrumb(self): breadcrumb = [ ] x = self while True: x = x.father try: if hasattr(x, 'country'): breadcrumb.append(x.country) elif hasattr(x, 'region'): breadcrumb.append(x.region) elif hasattr(x, 'city'): breadcrumb.append(x.city) else: break except: break breadcrumb.reverse() return breadcrumb Thats my save-Method: def save(self,*args, **kwargs): # how can I access the father ob the object? father = self.father # does obviously not work father = kwargs['father'] # does not work either # the breadcrumb gets calculated here self.crumb = self._breadcrumb(father) super(GeoObject, self).save(*args,**kwargs) Please help me out. I am working on this for days now. Thank you.

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  • Union on ValuesQuerySet in django

    - by Wuxab
    I've been searching for a way to take the union of querysets in django. From what I read you can use query1 | query2 to take the union... This doesn't seem to work when using values() though. I'd skip using values until after taking the union but I need to use annotate to take the sum of a field and filter on it and since there's no way to do "group by" I have to use values(). The other suggestions I read were to use Q objects but I can't think of a way that would work. Do I pretty much need to just use straight SQL or is there a django way of doing this? What I want is: q1 = mymodel.objects.filter(date__lt = '2010-06-11').values('field1','field2').annotate(volsum=Sum('volume')).exclude(volsum=0) q2 = mymodel.objects.values('field1','field2').annotate(volsum=Sum('volume')).exclude(volsum=0) query = q1|q2 But this doesn't work and as far as I know I need the "values" part because there's no other way for Sum to know how to act since it's a 15 column table.

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  • Finding matching submatrics inside a matrix

    - by DaveO
    I have a 100x200 2D array expressed as a numpy array consisting of black (0) and white (255) cells. It is a bitmap file. I then have 2D shapes (it's easiest to think of them as letters) that are also 2D black and white cells. I know I can naively iterate through the matrix but this is going to be a 'hot' portion of my code so speed is an concern. Is there a fast way to perform this in numpy/scipy? I looked briefly at Scipy's correlate function. I am not interested in 'fuzzy matches', only exact matches. I also looked at some academic papers but they are above my head.

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  • How to make Universal Feed Parser only parse feeds?

    - by piquadrat
    I'm trying to get content from external feeds on my Django web site with Universal Feed Parser. I want to have some user error handling, e.g. if the user supplies a URL that is not a feed. When I tried how feedparser responds to faulty input, I was surprised to see that feedparser does not throw any Exceptions at all. E.g. on HTML content, it tries to parse some information from the HTML code, and on non-existing domains, it returns a mostly empty dictionary: {'bozo': 1, 'bozo_exception': URLError(gaierror(-2, 'Name or service not known'),), 'encoding': 'utf-8', 'entries': [], 'feed': {}, 'version': None} Other faulty input manifest themselves in the status_code or the namespaces values in the returned dictionary. So, what's the best approach to have sane error checking without resorting to an endless cascade of if .. elif .. elif ...?

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  • SQLAlchemy declarative syntax with autoload in Pylons

    - by Juliusz Gonera
    I would like to use autoload to use an existings database. I know how to do it without declarative syntax (model/_init_.py): def init_model(engine): """Call me before using any of the tables or classes in the model""" t_events = Table('events', Base.metadata, schema='events', autoload=True, autoload_with=engine) orm.mapper(Event, t_events) Session.configure(bind=engine) class Event(object): pass This works fine, but I would like to use declarative syntax: class Event(Base): __tablename__ = 'events' __table_args__ = {'schema': 'events', 'autoload': True} Unfortunately, this way I get: sqlalchemy.exc.UnboundExecutionError: No engine is bound to this Table's MetaData. Pass an engine to the Table via autoload_with=<someengine>, or associate the MetaData with an engine via metadata.bind=<someengine> The problem here is that I don't know where to get the engine from (to use it in autoload_with) at the stage of importing the model (it's available in init_model()). I tried adding meta.Base.metadata.bind(engine) to environment.py but it doesn't work. Anyone has found some elegant solution?

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