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• Orthographic Projection Issue

  - by Nick

  I have a problem with my Ortho Matrix. The engine uses the perspective projection fine but for some reason the Ortho matrix is messed up. (See screenshots below). Can anyone understand what is happening here? At the min I am taking the Projection matrix * Transform (Translate, rotate, scale) and passing to the Vertex shader to multiply the Vertices by it. VIDEO Shows the same scene, rotating on the Y axis. http://youtu.be/2feiZAIM9Y0 void Matrix4f::InitOrthoProjTransform(float left, float right, float top, float bottom, float zNear, float zFar) { m[0][0] = 2 / (right - left); m[0][1] = 0; m[0][2] = 0; m[0][3] = 0; m[1][0] = 0; m[1][1] = 2 / (top - bottom); m[1][2] = 0; m[1][3] = 0; m[2][0] = 0; m[2][1] = 0; m[2][2] = -1 / (zFar - zNear); m[2][3] = 0; m[3][0] = -(right + left) / (right - left); m[3][1] = -(top + bottom) / (top - bottom); m[3][2] = -zNear / (zFar - zNear); m[3][3] = 1; } This is what happens with Ortho Matrix: This is the Perspective Matrix:

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• Cocos2dx- Draw primitives(polygons) on Update

  - by Haider

  In my game I'm trying to draw polygons on on each step i.e. update method. I call draw() method to draw new polygon with dynamic vertices. Following is my code: void HelloWorld::draw(){glLineWidth(1);CCPoint filledVertices[] = {ccp(drawX1,drawY1),ccp(drawX2,drawY2), ccp(drawX3,drawY3), ccp(drawX4,drawY4)};ccDrawSolidPoly( filledVertices, 4, ccc4f(0.5f, 0.5f, 1, 1 ));} I call the draw() method from the update(float dt) method. The engine is behaving inconsistently i.e. sometimes it displays the polygons and on other occasions it does not. Is it the right approach to do such a task? If not what is the best way to display large number of primitives?

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• How can I find a position between 4 vertices in a fragment shader?

  - by c4sh

  I'm creating a shader with SharpDX (DirectX11 in C#) that takes a segment (2 points) from the output of a Vertex Shader and then passes them to a Geometry Shader, which converts this line into a rectangle (4 points) and assigns the four corners a texture coordinate. After that I want a Fragment Shader (which recieves the interpolated position and the interpolated texture coordinates) that checks the depth at the "spine of the rectangle" (that is, in the line that passes through the middle of the rectangle. The problem is I don't know how to extract the position of the corresponding fragment at the spine of the rectangle. This happens because I have the texture coordinates interpolated, but I don't know how to use them to get the fragment I want, because the coordinate system of a) the texture and b) the position of my fragment in screen space are not the same. Thanks a lot for any help.

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• Advices fo starting a video game design career

  - by Allen Gabriel Baker

  I'm 24 and have a passion for video games and game-design. I've decided I want to design video games as my career. I have no experience with designing video games or coding but I'm interested and willing to learn. I want a job at any level but what would I need to land a job? I have no college experience and I have no money. What is a cheap school, or do I really need to go to school for this, or can I learn on my own? Is it possible to do this with no money? I'm literally broke but I want this so bad I feel like its the only career I'll enjoy. I want to call up company's and ask them what they are looking for in someone they want to hire, is that a good idea? Also I don't know the history of video game design and I don't want to sound like a dummy when someone says something about this field or talks about a famous designer and I have no idea who they're talking about. So what is key info when it comes to this field and where should I find it? Hopefully some of you guys and girls can help me out: I know in the future I will create something everyone will enjoy and you guys will remember when you gave me advice and I will always remember you guys for helping me. I'm gifted I know I am and I want to share my gift with the rest of the world by making games that change the Industry. Help me out please.

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• Developing for Chrome App/Android?

  - by Johnny Quest

  I have been developing for win7 mobile (XNA/silverlight and will continue to do so, love everything about it) but I wanted to branch a few of my more polished games to google app store online, and perhaps android(though not sure, as with all the different versions it makes learning/loading applications a bit tricky) What is the most versatile language to start learning from chrome apps/android: Java would be excellent for android, but could I port it to a web app for chrome? (and its close to C#) Flash would work for a web app as I can just embed it into a html page (have done actionscript before, didn't care much for the IDE though), but would it also work on android? or I guess there is always C/C++ but haven't heard much about that, though I think it works for both (though C++ does interest me) Any advice would be excellent, thanks.

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• Scene Graph as Object Container?

  - by Bunkai.Satori

  Scene graph contains game nodes representing game objects. At a first glance, it might seem practical to use Scene Graph as physical container for in game objects, instead of std::vector< for example. My question is, is it practical to use Scene Graph to contain the game objects, or should it be used only to define scene objects/nodes linkages, while keepig the objects stored in separate container, such as std::vector<?

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• How can I move a polygon edge 1 unit away from the center?

  - by Stephen

  Let's say I have a polygon class that is represented by a list of vector classes as vertices, like so: var Vector = function(x, y) { this.x = x; this.y = y; }, Polygon = function(vectors) { this.vertices = vectors; }; Now I make a polygon (in this case, a square) like so: var poly = new Polygon([ new Vector(2, 2), new Vector(5, 2), new Vector(5, 5), new Vector(2, 5) ]); So, the top edge would be [poly.vertices[0], poly.vertices[1]]. I need to stretch this polygon by moving each edge away from the center of the polygon by one unit, along that edge's normal. The following example shows the first edge, the top, moved one unit up: The final polygon should look like this new one: var finalPoly = new Polygon([ new Vector(1, 1), new Vector(6, 1), new Vector(6, 6), new Vector(1, 6) ]); It is important that I iterate, moving one edge at a time, because I will be doing some collision tests after moving each edge. Here is what I tried so far (simplified for clarity), which fails triumphantly: for(var i = 0; i < vertices.length; i++) { var a = vertices[i], b = vertices[i + 1] || vertices[0]; // in case of final vertex var ax = a.x, ay = a.y, bx = b.x, by = b.y; // get some new perpendicular vectors var a2 = new Vector(-ay, ax), b2 = new Vector(-by, bx); // make into unit vectors a2.convertToUnitVector(); b2.convertToUnitVector(); // add the new vectors to the original ones a.add(a2); b.add(b2); // the rest of the code, collision tests, etc. } This makes my polygon start slowly rotating and sliding to the left, instead of what I need. Finally, the example shows a square, but the polygons in question could be anything. They will always be convex, and always with vertices in clockwise order.

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• How to properly render a Frame Buffer to the BackBuffer in Stage3D / AGAL

  - by bigp

  After doing a render pass with RenderToTarget (RTT), how do you properly render that texture buffer to the screen while maintaining original scale / proportions so it doesn't stretch or lose quality? Can an AGAL VertexShader & FragmentShader be written so it's adaptable to any Texture size and Viewport dimensions? I find I'm getting some "blocky" effects in some of my first attempts at "ping-ponging" between two Texture buffers (to create trailing effects). Perhaps I'm not using the UVs correctly between the rendering-to-target and/or the backbuffer? Is there a simpler way just to "splash" the texture on the backbuffer, or is a Quad absolutely necessary (4 vertices, 2 triangles)? If it needs the Quad, should the Texture buffer be fully drawn (0.0 to 1.0 for vertical and horizontal UVs), or only a percentage of it should, like the example below? Texture Buffer U: 0.0 to viewport.width/texturebuffer.width; Texture Buffer V: 0.0 to viewport.height/texturebuffer.height; Thanks!

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• Slick2D, Nifty GUI listeners problem

  - by Patokun

  I'm trying to get Nifty GUI to work with Slick2D. So far everything is going great, except that I can't seem to figure out how to properly interact with the GUI. I'm trying the example in the nifty manual http://sourceforge.n....0.pdf/download but it doesn't seem to entirely work. The Element controller is being called for bind(...), init(...) and onStartScreen() as it should, as I can see their println output, but the next() method isn't being called when I click on the GUI element that I assigned the controller to, nor the screen controller as no output from println is shown. What's weird is, that the player is moving, so the mouse input is working. It's supposed to be called when I click the mouse button on it from the in the XML. Here is my code: My Element controller: public class ElementController implements Controller { private Element element; @Override public void bind(Nifty nifty, Screen screen, Element element, Properties parameter, Attributes controlDefinitionAttributes) { this.element = element; System.out.println("bind() called for element: " + element); } @Override public void init(Properties parameter, Attributes controlDefinitionAttributes) { System.out.println("init() called for element: " + element); } @Override public void onStartScreen() { System.out.println("onStartScreen() alled for element: " + element); } @Override public void onFocus(boolean getFocus) { System.out.println("onFocus() called for element: " + element + ", with: " + getFocus); } @Override public boolean inputEvent(NiftyInputEvent inputEvent) { return false; } public void next() { System.out.println("next() clicked for element: " + element); } } MyScreenController: class MyScreenController implements ScreenController { public void bind(Nifty nifty, Screen screen) {} public void onEndScreen() {} public void onStartScreen() {} public void next() { System.out.println("next() called from MyScreenController"); } } And my XML file: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <nifty xmlns="http://nifty-gui.sourceforge.net/nifty-1.3.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://niftygui.sourceforge.net/nifty-1.3.xsd http://nifty-gui.sourceforge.net/nifty-1.3.xsd"> <screen id="start" controller="predaN00b.theThing.V0004.MyScreenController"> <layer childLayout="center" controller="predaN00b.theThing.V0004.ElementController"> <panel width="100px" height="100px" childLayout="vertical" backgroundColor="#ff0f"> <text font="aurulent-sans-16.fnt" color="#ffff" text="Hello World!"> <interact onClick="next()" /> </text> </panel> </layer> </screen> </nifty> My main class, in case it's needed: public class MainGameState extends BasicGame { public Nifty nifty; public MainGame() { super("Test"); } public void init(GameContainer container, StateBasedGame game) throws SlickException { nifty = new Nifty(new SlickRenderDevice(container), new NullSoundDevice(), new PlainSlickInputSystem(), new AccurateTimeProvider()); nifty.addXml("/xml/MainState.xml"); nifty.gotoScreen("start"); } public void update(GameContainer container, StateBasedGame game, int delta) throws SlickException { nifty.update(); } public void render(GameContainer container, StateBasedGame game, Graphics graphics) throws SlickException { nifty.render(false); } public static void main(String[] args) throws SlickException { AppGameContainer app = new AppGameContainer(new MainGame()); app.setAlwaysRender(true); app.setDisplayMode( 1260 , 720, false); //window size app.start(); } }

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• Transform between two 3d cartesian coordinate systems

  - by Pris

  I'd like to know how to get the rotation matrix for the transformation from one cartesian coordinate system (X,Y,Z) to another one (X',Y',Z'). Both systems are defined with three orthogonal vectors as one would expect. No scaling or translation occurs. I'm using OpenSceneGraph and it offers a Matrix convenience class, if it makes finding the matrix easier: http://www.openscenegraph.org/documentation/OpenSceneGraphReferenceDocs/a00403.html.

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• (Libgdx) Move Vector2 along angle?

  - by gemurdock

  I have seen several answers on here about moving along angle, but I can't seem to get this to work properly for me and I am new to LibGDX... just trying to learn. These are my Vector2's that I am using for this function. public Vector2 position = new Vector2(); public Vector2 velocity = new Vector2(); public Vector2 movement = new Vector2(); public Vector2 direction = new Vector2(); Here is the function that I use to move the position vector along an angle. setLocation() just sets the new location of the image. public void move(float delta, float degrees) { position.set(image.getX() + image.getWidth() / 2, image.getY() + image.getHeight() / 2); direction.set((float) Math.cos(degrees), (float) Math.sin(degrees)).nor(); velocity.set(direction).scl(speed); movement.set(velocity).scl(delta); position.add(movement); setLocation(position.x, position.y); // Sets location of image } I get a lot of different angles with this, just not the correct angles. How should I change this function to move a Vector2 along an angle using the Vector2 class from com.badlogic.gdx.math.Vector2 within the LibGDX library? I found this answer, but not sure how to implement it. Update: I figured out part of the issue. Should convert degrees to radians. However, the angle of 0 degrees is towards the right. Is there any way to fix this? As I shouldn't have to add 90 to degrees in order to have correct heading. New code is below public void move(float delta, float degrees) { degrees += 90; // Set degrees to correct heading, shouldn't have to do this position.set(image.getX() + image.getWidth() / 2, image.getY() + image.getHeight() / 2); direction.set(MathUtils.cos(degrees * MathUtils.degreesToRadians), MathUtils.sin(degrees * MathUtils.degreesToRadians)).nor(); velocity.set(direction).scl(speed); movement.set(velocity).scl(delta); position.add(movement); setLocation(position.x, position.y); }

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• Bohemia Interactive's bio2s format

  - by Jaime Soto

  Does anyone have specifications for the bio2s scripting language from Bohemia Interactive? They develop Operation Flashpoint, Armed Assault (ArmA), and Virtual Battlespace. These scripts are sometimes called O2 or Oxygen scripts and are used in their terrain and modeling tools. Oxygen is Bohemia Interactive's modeling tool. I found additional examples of the format in this VBS2 tutorial and this ArmA forum thread. EDIT: I clarified the purpose of the bio2s format and provided some links to examples.

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• Affect movieclip scale from a .as doc to another

  - by Madcowe

  I've been working on a game following a tutorial on the internet, the game is an avoider where you have the Avatar, that has to avoid the objects that fall. The way it is made is: I have a DocumentClass which addChild's the screen you should be seeing and removeChild's the screen that you were. For example: first it loads the menuScreen, then when you press play unloads menu and loads playscreen. When you die it loads the gameoverScreen and loads the playscreen. And from the gameOverScreen you can press the SHOP button to go to the shop. From here on I'm on my own and not following any tutorials. The shop has a button that is supposed to alter the Avatar's X and Y scale to 0.5, but the problem is: how do I make that work? I tried creating a sharedObject.data.avatarSize, on the store's size button the code would be something like: sharedObject.data.avatarSize *= 0.5; And on the AvoiderGame.as, which is the most of the actual game, on the part where the avatar is created I tried putting this after it's creation: scaleX.avatar = sharedObject.data.avatarSize; scaleY.avatar = sharedObject.data.avatarSize; This did not work since it gives me the error 1009 saying can't access something that is null. I tried this before "using" the sharedObject: if( sharedObject.data.avatarSize == null ) { sharedObject.data.avatarSize = 1; } But it did not work... So now I'm not sure on what to do. I know we should reduce global variables as much as we can but how do I do it? Also, if it helps, I'm using Flash CS5 and working with AS3.0

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• Adding cards to a vector for computer card game

  - by Tucker Morgan

  I am writing a Card game that has a deck size of 30 cards, each one of them has to be a unique, or at least a another (new XXXX) statement in a .push_back function, into a vector. Right now my plan is to add them to a vector one at a time with four separate, depending on what deck type you choose, collections of thirty .push_back functions. If the collection of card is not up for customization, other than what one of the four suits you pick, is there a quicker way of doing this, seems kinda tedious, and something that someone would have found a better way of doing.

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• Resolution independence - resize on the fly or ship all sizes?

  - by RecursiveCall

  My game relies heavily on textures of various sizes with some being full-screen. The game is targeted for multiple resolutions. I found that resizing textures (downsizing) works quite well for this game’s art type (it’s not Pixel Art or anything like that). I asked my artist to ensure that all textures at the edges of the screen to be created in such a way that they can safely “overflow” off screen; this means that aspect ratio is not an issue. So with no aspect ratio issues, I figured that I would simply ask my artist to create assets in very high resolution, and then resize them down to the appropriate screen resolution. The question is, when and how do I do that? Do I pre-resize everything to common resolutions in Photoshop and package all assets in the final product (increasing the size download that the user has to deal with) and then select the appropriate asset based on the detected resolution? Or do I ship with the largest set of Textures, detect the resolution on load, set a render target and draw all downsized assets to it and use that? Or for the latter, do I use some sort of a CPU-sided algorithm to resize on game load?

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• GLSL Bokeh using Quads and Textures

  - by Notoriousaur

  I'm trying to create a depth of field effect with bokeh sprites in GLSL. Specifically, what i would like to do is, for each pixel: See if the pixel is out of the focal range If it is, draw a quad and apply a texture to provide a bokeh sprite. This kind of implementation is seen in the Unreal Engine and by Matt Pettineo, however, both implementations are in DX11 and I'm using OpenGL. I'm a bit stuck on the drawing a quad and applying a texture bit. Does anyone know how I can do this, or provide any relevant links as to how I can do this? Thanks

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• emo-framework in android move on collision of sprites with physics

  - by KaHeL

  I'm developing my first ever game for Android where I'm still learning about using of framework. To begin I made two sprites of ball where one ball is movable by dragging and another one is just standing on it's place on load. Now I've already added the collision listener for both sprites and as tested it's working properly. Now what I need to learn is on how can I add physics on both sprites where when they collide the standing sprite will move based on the physics and bounce around the screen. It would be best if you teach it to me step by step since I'm a little slow on this. Here's my nut so far: local stage = emo.Stage(); class Okay_1 { sprite = null; spriteok = null; dragStart = false; angle = 0; // Called when the stage is loaded function onLoad() { print("Level_1 is loaded!"); // Create new sprite and load 'f1.png' sprite = emo.Sprite("f1.png"); sprite.moveCenter(stage.getWindowWidth() * 0.5, stage.getWindowHeight() * 0.5); sprite.load(); spriteok = emo.Sprite("okay.png") spriteok.setWidth(100); spriteok.setHeight(100); spriteok.load(); // Check if the coordinate (X=100, Y=100) is inside the sprite if (spriteok.contains(100, 100)) { print("contains!"); } // Does the sprite collides with the other sprite? if (spriteok.collidesWith(sprite)) { print("collides!"); } } function onMotionEvent(ev) { if (ev.getAction() == MOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN) { // Moves the sprite at the position of motion event angle = sprite.getAngle(); sprite.remove(); sprite = emo.Sprite("f2.png"); sprite.load(); sprite.rotate(angle); sprite.moveCenter(ev.getX(), ev.getY()); sprite.rotate(sprite.getAngle()+10); // Check if the coordinate (X=100, Y=100) is inside the sprite if (sprite.contains(sprite.getWidth(), sprite.getHeight())) { print("contains!"); } // Does the sprite collides with the other sprite? if (sprite.collidesWith(spriteok)) { print("collides!"); } dragStart = true; }else if (ev.getAction() == MOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE) { if (dragStart) { // Moves the sprite at the position of motion event sprite.moveCenter(ev.getX(), ev.getY()); sprite.rotate(sprite.getAngle()+10); // Check if the coordinate (X=100, Y=100) is inside the sprite if (sprite.contains(sprite.getWidth(), sprite.getHeight())) { print("contains!"); } // Does the sprite collides with the other sprite? if (sprite.collidesWith(spriteok)) { print("collides!"); } } }else if (ev.getAction() == MOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP || ev.getAction() == MOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL) { if (dragStart) { // change block color to red dragStart = false; angle = sprite.getAngle(); sprite.remove(); sprite = emo.Sprite("f1.png"); sprite.load(); sprite.moveCenter(ev.getX(), ev.getY()); sprite.rotate(angle); // Check if the coordinate (X=100, Y=100) is inside the sprite if (sprite.contains(sprite.getWidth(), sprite.getHeight())) { print("contains!"); } // Does the sprite collides with the other sprite? if (sprite.collidesWith(spriteok)) { print("collides!"); } } } } // Called when the stage is disposed function onDispose() { sprite.remove(); // Remove the sprite print("Level_1 is disposed!"); } } function emo::onLoad() { emo.Stage().load(Okay_1()); }

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• What kind of steering behaviour or logic can I use to get mobiles to surround another?

  - by Vaughan Hilts

  I'm using path finding in my game to lead a mob to another player (to pursue them). This works to get them overtop of the player, but I want them to stop slightly before their destination (so picking the penultimate node works fine). However, when multiple mobs are pursuing the mobile they sometimes "stack on top of each other". What's the best way to avoid this? I don't want to treat the mobs as opaque and blocked (because they're not, you can walk through them) but I want the mobs to have some sense of structure. Example: Imagine that each snake guided itself to me and should surround "Setsuna". Notice how both snakes have chosen to prong me? This is not a strict requirement; even being slightly offset is okay. But they should "surround" Setsuna.

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• How do I detect multiple sprite collisions when there are >10 sprites?

  - by yao jiang

  I making a small program to animate the astar algorithm. If you look at the image, there are lots of yellow cars moving around. Those can collide at any moment, could be just one or all of them could just stupidly crash into each other. How do I detect all of those collisions? How do I find out which specific car has crash into which other car? I understand that pygame has collision function, but it only detects one collision at a time and I'd have to specify which sprites. Right now I am just trying to iterate through each sprite to see if there is collision: for car1 in carlist: for car2 in carlist: collide(car1, car2); This can't be the proper way to do it, if the car list goes to a huge number, a double loop will be too slow.

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• How to stop a tap event from propagating in a XNA / Silverlight game

  - by Mech0z

  I have a game with Silverlight / XNA game where text and buttons are created in Silverlight while 3d is done in XNA. The Silverlight controls are drawn ontop of the 3D and I dont want a click on a button to interact with the 3D underneath So I have private void ButtonPlaceBrick_Tap(object sender, GestureEventArgs e) { e.Handled = true; But my gesture handling on the 3d objects still runs even though I have set handled to true. private void OnUpdate(object sender, GameTimerEventArgs e) { while (TouchPanel.IsGestureAvailable) { // Read the next gesture GestureSample gesture = TouchPanel.ReadGesture(); switch (gesture.GestureType) How am I supposed to stop it from propagating?

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• Unity3d: Box collider attached to animated FBX models through scripts at run-time have wrong dimension

  - by Heisenbug

  I have several scripts attached to static and non static models of my scene. All models are instantiated at run-time (and must be instantiated at run-time because I'm procedural building the scene). I'd like to add a BoxCollider or SphereCollider to my FBX models at runtime. With non animated models it works simply requiring BoxCollider component from the script attached to my GameObject. BoxCollider is created of the right dimension. Something like: [RequireComponent(typeof(BoxCollider))] public class AScript: MonoBehavior { } If I do the same thing with animated models, BoxCollider are created of the wrong dimension. For example if attach the script above to penelopeFBX model of the standard asset, BoxCollider is created smaller than the mesh itself. How can I solve this?

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• Rotate view matrix based on touch coordinates

  - by user1055947

  I'm working on an Android game where I need to rotate the camera around the origin based on the user dragging their finger. My view matrix has initial position of sitting on the negative z and facing origin. I have succeeded in moving the camera through rotation left or right, up or down based on the user dragging the finger, but my problem is obviously that after I drag my finger up/down and rotate say 90 degrees so my intial position of -z is now +y and still facing origin, if I drag my finger left/right I want to rotate from +y to +x, but what happens is it rotates around the pole +y. This is to be expected as I am mapping 2D touch drag coords to 3D space, but I dont know where to start trying to do what I want. Perhaps someone can point me in the right direction, I've been googling for a while now but I don't know what I want to do is called! Edit __ What I was looking for is called an ArcBall, google it for lots of info on it.

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• Orthographic Zooming with 0,0 at top/left

  - by Sean M.

  I'm trying to implement zooming on my 2D game. Since it's using orthographic projection, I thought it would be easy to implement zooming. After looking around the internet, I found a bunch of explanations and samples on how to do this if (0,0) is the center of the screen with the orthographic projection. The problem is, my ortho projection has (0,0) at the top-left (similar to XNA/Monogame, and a couple others). I could not find any examples about how to implement zooming to the center of the screen when the center is not (0,0). And help/links/code examples would be greatly appreciated.

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• Any reliable polygon normal calculation code?

  - by Jenko

  Do you have any reliable face normal calculation code? I'm using this but it fails when faces are 90 degrees upright or similar. // the normal point var x:Number = 0; var y:Number = 0; var z:Number = 0; // if is a triangle with 3 points if (points.length == 3) { // read vertices of triangle var Ax:Number, Bx:Number, Cx:Number; var Ay:Number, By:Number, Cy:Number; var Az:Number, Bz:Number, Cz:Number; Ax = points[0].x; Bx = points[1].x; Cx = points[2].x; Ay = points[0].y; By = points[1].y; Cy = points[2].y; Az = points[0].z; Bz = points[1].z; Cz = points[2].z; // calculate normal of a triangle x = (By - Ay) * (Cz - Az) - (Bz - Az) * (Cy - Ay); y = (Bz - Az) * (Cx - Ax) - (Bx - Ax) * (Cz - Az); z = (Bx - Ax) * (Cy - Ay) - (By - Ay) * (Cx - Ax); // if is a polygon with 4+ points }else if (points.length > 3){ // calculate normal of a polygon using all points var n:int = points.length; x = 0; y = 0; z = 0 // ensure all points above 0 var minx:Number = 0, miny:Number = 0, minz:Number = 0; for (var p:int = 0, pl:int = points.length; p < pl; p++) { var po:_Point3D = points[p] = points[p].clone(); if (po.x < minx) { minx = po.x; } if (po.y < miny) { miny = po.y; } if (po.z < minz) { minz = po.z; } } if (minx > 0 || miny > 0 || minz > 0){ for (p = 0; p < pl; p++) { po = points[p]; po.x -= minx; po.y -= miny; po.z -= minz; } } var cur:int = 1, prev:int = 0, next:int = 2; for (var i:int = 1; i <= n; i++) { // using Newell method x += points[cur].y * (points[next].z - points[prev].z); y += points[cur].z * (points[next].x - points[prev].x); z += points[cur].x * (points[next].y - points[prev].y); cur = (cur+1) % n; next = (next+1) % n; prev = (prev+1) % n; } } // length of the normal var length:Number = Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y + z * z); // if area is 0 if (length == 0) { return null; }else{ // turn large values into a unit vector x = x / length; y = y / length; z = z / length; }

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• Car-like Physics - Basic Maths to Simulate Steering

  - by Reanimation

  As my program stands I have a cube which I can control using keyboard input. I can make it move left, right, up, down, back, fourth along the axis only. I can also rotate the cube either left or right; all the translations and rotations are implemented using glm. if (keys[VK_LEFT]) //move cube along xAxis negative { globalPos.x -= moveCube; keys[VK_RIGHT] = false; } if (keys[VK_RIGHT]) //move cube along xAxis positive { globalPos.x += moveCube; keys[VK_LEFT] = false; } if (keys[VK_UP]) //move cube along yAxis positive { globalPos.y += moveCube; keys[VK_DOWN] = false; } if (keys[VK_DOWN]) //move cube along yAxis negative { globalPos.y -= moveCube; keys[VK_UP] = false; } if (FORWARD) //W - move cube along zAxis positive { globalPos.z += moveCube; BACKWARD = false; } if (BACKWARD) //S- move cube along zAxis negative { globalPos.z -= moveCube; FORWARD = false; } if (ROT_LEFT) //rotate cube left { rotX +=0.01f; ROT_LEFT = false; } if (ROT_RIGHT) //rotate cube right { rotX -=0.01f; ROT_RIGHT = false; } I render the cube using this function which handles the shader and position on screen: void renderMovingCube(){ glUseProgram(myShader.handle()); GLuint matrixLoc4MovingCube = glGetUniformLocation(myShader.handle(), "ProjectionMatrix"); glUniformMatrix4fv(matrixLoc4MovingCube, 1, GL_FALSE, &ProjectionMatrix[0][0]); glm::mat4 viewMatrixMovingCube; viewMatrixMovingCube = glm::lookAt(camOrigin,camLookingAt,camNormalXYZ); ModelViewMatrix = glm::translate(viewMatrixMovingCube,globalPos); ModelViewMatrix = glm::rotate(ModelViewMatrix,rotX, glm::vec3(0,1,0)); //manually rotate glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(myShader.handle(), "ModelViewMatrix"), 1, GL_FALSE, &ModelViewMatrix[0][0]); movingCube.render(); glUseProgram(0); } The glm::lookAt function always points to the screens centre (0,0,0). The globalPos is a glm::vec3 globalPos(0,0,0); so when the program executes, renders the cube in the centre of the screens viewing matrix; the keyboard inputs above adjust the globalPos of the moving cube. The glm::rotate is the function used to rotate manually. My question is, how can I make the cube go forwards depending on what direction the cube is facing.... ie, once I've rotated the cube a few degrees using glm, the forwards direction, relative to the cube, is no longer on the z-Axis... how can I store the forwards direction and then use that to navigate forwards no matter what way it is facing? (either using vectors that can be applied to my code or some handy maths). Thanks.

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