Making Sense of ASP.NET Paths
ASP.Net includes quite a plethora of properties to retrieve path information about the current request, control and application. There's a ton of information available about paths on the Request object, some of it appearing to overlap and some of it buried several levels down, and it can be confusing to find just the right path that you are looking for.
To keep things straight I thought it a good idea to summarize the path options along with descriptions and example paths. I wrote a post about this a long time ago in 2004 and I find myself frequently going back to that page to quickly figure out which path I’m looking for in processing the current URL. Apparently a lot of people must be doing the same, because the original post is the second most visited even to this date on this blog to the tune of nearly 500 hits per day. So, I decided to update and expand a bit on the original post with a little more information and clarification based on the original comments.
Request Object Paths Available
Here's a list of the Path related properties on the Request object (and the Page object). Assume a path like http://www.west-wind.com/webstore/admin/paths.aspx for the paths below where webstore is the name of the virtual.
Request Property
Description and Value
ApplicationPath
Returns the web root-relative logical path to the virtual root of this app.
/webstore/
PhysicalApplicationPath
Returns local file system path of the virtual root for this app.
c:\inetpub\wwwroot\webstore
PhysicalPath
Returns the local file system path to the current script or path.
c:\inetpub\wwwroot\webstore\admin\paths.aspx
Path
FilePath
CurrentExecutionFilePath
All of these return the full root relative logical path to the script page including path and scriptname. CurrentExcecutionFilePath will return the ‘current’ request path after a Transfer/Execute call while FilePath will always return the original request’s path.
/webstore/admin/paths.aspx
AppRelativeCurrentExecutionFilePath
Returns an ASP.NET root relative virtual path to the script or path for the current request. If in a Transfer/Execute call the transferred Path is returned.
~/admin/paths.aspx
PathInfo
Returns any extra path following the script name. If no extra path is provided returns the root-relative path (returns text in red below). string.Empty if no PathInfo is available.
/webstore/admin/paths.aspx/ExtraPathInfo
RawUrl
Returns the full root relative URL including querystring and extra path as a string.
/webstore/admin/paths.aspx?sku=wwhelp40
Url
Returns a fully qualified URL including querystring and extra path. Note this is a Uri instance rather than string.
http://www.west-wind.com/webstore/admin/paths.aspx?sku=wwhelp40
UrlReferrer
The fully qualified URL of the page that sent the request. This is also a Uri instance and this value is null if the page was directly accessed by typing into the address bar or using an HttpClient based Referrer client
Http header.
http://www.west-wind.com/webstore/default.aspx?Info
Control.TemplateSourceDirectory
Returns the logical path to the folder of the page, master or user control on which it is called. This is useful if you need to know the path only to a Page or control from within the control. For non-file controls this returns the Page path.
/webstore/admin/
As you can see there’s a ton of information available there for each of the three common path formats:
Physical Path
is an OS type path that points to a path or file on disk.
Logical Path
is a Web path that is relative to the Web server’s root. It includes the virtual plus the application relative path.
~/ (Root-relative) Path
is an ASP.NET specific path that includes ~/ to indicate the virtual root Web path. ASP.NET can convert virtual paths into either logical paths using Control.ResolveUrl(), or physical paths using Server.MapPath(). Root relative paths are useful for specifying portable URLs that don’t rely on relative directory structures and very useful from within control or component code.
You should be able to get any necessary format from ASP.NET from just about any path or script using these mechanisms.
~/ Root Relative Paths and ResolveUrl() and ResolveClientUrl()
ASP.NET supports root-relative virtual path syntax in most of its URL properties in Web Forms. So you can easily specify a root relative path in a control rather than a location relative path:
<asp:Image runat="server" ID="imgHelp" ImageUrl="~/images/help.gif" />
ASP.NET internally resolves this URL by using ResolveUrl("~/images/help.gif") to arrive at the root-relative URL of /webstore/images/help.gif which uses the Request.ApplicationPath as the basepath to replace the ~. By convention any custom Web controls also should use ResolveUrl() on URL properties to provide the same functionality.
In your own code you can use Page.ResolveUrl() or Control.ResolveUrl() to accomplish the same thing:
string imgPath = this.ResolveUrl("~/images/help.gif");
imgHelp.ImageUrl = imgPath;
Unfortunately ResolveUrl() is limited to WebForm pages, so if you’re in an HttpHandler or Module it’s not available.
ASP.NET Mvc also has it’s own more generic version of ResolveUrl in Url.Decode:
<script src="<%= Url.Content("~/scripts/new.js") %>" type="text/javascript"></script>
which is part of the UrlHelper class. In ASP.NET MVC the above sort of syntax is actually even more crucial than in WebForms due to the fact that views are not referencing specific pages but rather are often path based which can lead to various variations on how a particular view is referenced.
In a Module or Handler code Control.ResolveUrl() unfortunately is not available which in retrospect seems like an odd design choice – URL resolution really should happen on a Request basis not as part of the Page framework. Luckily you can also rely on the static VirtualPathUtility class:
string path = VirtualPathUtility.ToAbsolute("~/admin/paths.aspx");
VirtualPathUtility also many other quite useful methods for dealing with paths and converting between the various kinds of paths supported. One thing to watch out for is that ToAbsolute() will throw an exception if a query string is provided and doesn’t work on fully qualified URLs. I wrote about this topic with a custom solution that works fully qualified URLs and query strings here (check comments for some interesting discussions too).
Similar to ResolveUrl() is ResolveClientUrl() which creates a fully qualified
HTTP path that includes the protocol and domain name. It’s rare that this full resolution is needed but can be useful in some scenarios.
Mapping Virtual Paths to Physical Paths with Server.MapPath()
If you need to map root relative or current folder relative URLs to physical URLs or you can use HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath(). Inside of a Page you can do the following:
string physicalPath = Server.MapPath("~/scripts/ww.jquery.js"));
MapPath is pretty flexible and it understands both ASP.NET style virtual paths as well as plain relative paths, so the following also works.
string physicalPath = Server.MapPath("scripts/silverlight.js");
as well as dot relative syntax:
string physicalPath = Server.MapPath("../scripts/jquery.js");
Once you have the physical path you can perform standard System.IO Path and File operations on the file. Remember with physical paths and IO or copy operations you need to make sure you have permissions to access files and folders based on the Web server user account that is active (NETWORK SERVICE, ASPNET typically).
Note the Server.MapPath will not map up beyond the virtual root of the application for security reasons.
Server and Host Information
Between these settings you can get all the information you may need to figure out where you are at and to build new Url if necessary. If you need to build a URL completely from scratch you can get access to information about the server you are accessing:
Server Variable
Function and Example
SERVER_NAME
The of the domain or IP Address
wwww.west-wind.com or 127.0.0.1
SERVER_PORT
The port that the request runs under.
80
SERVER_PORT_SECURE
Determines whether https: was used.
0 or 1
APPL_MD_PATH
ADSI DirectoryServices path to the virtual root directory. Note that LM typically doesn’t work for ADSI access so you should replace that with LOCALHOST or the machine’s NetBios name.
/LM/W3SVC/1/ROOT/webstore
Request.Url and Uri Parsing
If you still need more control over the current request URL or you need to create new URLs from an existing one, the current Request.Url Uri property offers a lot of control. Using the Uri class and UriBuilder makes it easy to retrieve parts of a URL and create new URLs based on existing URL. The UriBuilder class is the preferred way to create URLs – much preferable over creating URIs via string concatenation.
Uri Property
Function
Scheme
The URL scheme or protocol prefix.
http or https
Port
The port if specifically specified.
DnsSafeHost
The domain name or local host NetBios machine name
www.west-wind.com or rasnote
LocalPath
The full path of the URL including script name and extra PathInfo.
/webstore/admin/paths.aspx
Query
The query string if any
?id=1
The Uri class itself is great for retrieving Uri parts, but most of the properties are read only if you need to modify a URL in order to change it you can use the UriBuilder class to load up an existing URL and modify it to create a new one.
Here are a few common operations I’ve needed to do to get specific URLs:
Convert the Request URL to an SSL/HTTPS link
For example to take the current request URL and converted it to a secure URL can be done like this:
UriBuilder build = new UriBuilder(Request.Url);
build.Scheme = "https";
build.Port = -1; // don't inject portUri newUri = build.Uri;
string newUrl = build.ToString();
Retrieve the fully qualified URL without a QueryString
AFAIK, there’s no native routine to retrieve the current request URL without the query string. It’s easy to do with UriBuilder however:
UriBuilder builder = newUriBuilder(Request.Url);
builder.Query = "";
stringlogicalPathWithoutQuery = builder.ToString();
