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  • How do I most efficienty check the unique elements in a list?

    - by alex
    let's say I have a list li = [{'q':'apple','code':'2B'}, {'q':'orange','code':'2A'}, {'q':'plum','code':'2A'}] What is the most efficient way to return the count of unique "codes" in this list? In this case, the unique codes is 2, because only 2B and 2A are unique. I could put everything in a list and compare, but is this really efficient?

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  • How to optimize this script

    - by marks34
    I have written the following script. It opens a file, reads each line from it splitting by new line character and deleting first character in line. If line exists it's being added to array. Next each element of array is splitted by whitespace, sorted alphabetically and joined again. Every line is printed because script is fired from console and writes everything to file using standard output. I'd like to optimize this code to be more pythonic. Any ideas ? import sys def main(): filename = sys.argv[1] file = open(filename) arr = [] for line in file: line = line[1:].replace("\n", "") if line: arr.append(line) for line in arr: lines = line.split(" ") lines.sort(key=str.lower) line = ''.join(lines) print line if __name__ == '__main__': main()

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  • Exception Handaling in google app engine

    - by Rahul99
    i am raising exception using if UserId == '' and Password == '': raise Exception.MyException , "wrong userId or password" but i want print the error message on same page class MyException(Exception): def __init__(self,msg): Exception.__init__(self,msg)

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  • I want to select the distict value from models field and then update them (django)

    - by qulzam
    I have models... class Item(models.Model): name = models.CharField('Item Name', max_length = 30) item_code = models.CharField(max_length = 10) color = models.CharField(max_length = 150, null = True, blank = True) size = models.CharField(max_length = 30, null = True, blank = True) fabric_code = models.CharField(max_length = 30, null = True, blank = True) I have values in Item. in Item model name field has the similar values..(but the other values of record are change). I want to select the name field values distinctly(ie similar values select only ones). in one box(like combo box). What kind of form or views i use??

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  • Passing around an ElementTree

    - by PulpFiction
    Hello. In my program, I need to make use of an ElementTree object in various functions in my program. More specifically, I am doing this: tree = etree.parse('somefile.xml') I am passing this tree around in my program. I was wondering whether this is a good approach, or can I do this: Create a global tree (I come from a C++ background and I know global is bad) Create the tree again wherever required. Or is my approach ok?

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  • add new records using signal in django admin

    - by ganesh
    I've a model called broadcastinfo, It has fields viz.. info,userid...userid is excluded. when i add an new info, my broadcastinfo table should get the records of all userid from user table and the given message. Im trying this via signal.Any idea is highly appreciated. Thanks

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  • Rewriting Live TCP/IP (Layer 4) Streams

    - by user213060
    I want to rewrite TCP/IP streams. Ettercap's etterfilter command lets you perform simple live replacements of TCP/IP data based on fixed strings or regexes. Example: if (ip.proto == TCP && tcp.dst == 80) { if (search(DATA.data, "gzip")) { replace("gzip", " "); msg("whited out gzip\n"); } } if (ip.proto == TCP && tcp.dst == 80) { if (search(DATA.data, "deflate")) { replace("deflate", " "); msg("whited out deflate\n"); } } http://ettercap.sourceforge.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2833 I would like to rewrite streams based on my own filter program instead of just simple string replacements. Anyone have an idea of how to do this? Is there anything other than Ettercap that can do live replacement like this, maybe as a plugin to a VPN software or something? The rewriting should occur at the transport layer (Layer 4) as it does in this example, instead of a lower layer packet-based approach. Thanks!

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  • wxWidgets/wxPython: Do two identical events cause two handlings?

    - by cool-RR
    When there are two identical events in the event loop, will wxPython handle both of them, or will it call the handler only once for them both? I mean, in my widget I want to have an event like EVT_NEED_TO_RECALCULATE_X. I want this event to be posted in all kinds of different circumstances that require x to be recalculated. However, even if there are two different reasons to recalculate x, only one recalculation needs to be done. How do I do this?

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  • sqlalchemy natural sorting

    - by teggy
    Currently, i am querying with this code: meta.Session.query(Label).order_by(Label.name).all() and it returns me objects sorted by Label.name in this manner ['1','7','1a','5c']. Is there a way i can have the objects returned in the order with their Label.name sorted like this ['1','1a','5c','7'] Thanks!

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  • Counter variable for class

    - by George
    I am having problem getting this piece of code to run. The class is Student which has a IdCounter, and it is where the problem seems to be. (at line 8) class Student: def __init__(self): # Each student get their own student ID idCounter = 0 self.gpa = 0 self.record = {} # Each time I create a new student, the idCounter increment idCounter += 1 self.name = 'Student {0}'.format(Student.idCounter) classRoster = [] # List of students for number in range(25): newStudent = Student() classRoster.append(newStudent) print(newStudent.name) I am trying to have this idCounter inside my Student class, so I can have it as part of the student's name (which is really an ID#, for example Student 12345. But I have been getting error. Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Users/yanwchan/Documents/test.py", line 13, in <module> newStudent = Student() File "/Users/yanwchan/Documents/test.py", line 8, in __init__ idCounter += 1 UnboundLocalError: local variable 'idCounter' referenced before assignment I tried to put the idCounter += 1 in before, after, all combination, but I am still getting the referenced before assignment error, can you explain to me what I am doing wrong? Thank you Edit: Provided the full code I have

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  • wav file manupalation

    - by kaushik
    I want get the details of the wave such as its frames into a array of integers. Using fname.getframes we can ge the properties of the frame and save in list or anything for writing into another wav or anything,but fname.getframes gives information not in integers some thing like a "/xt/x4/0w' etc.. But i want them in integer so that would be helpful for manupation and smoothening join of 2 wav files

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  • nested list comprehension using intermediate result

    - by KentH
    I am trying to grok the output of a function which doesn't have the courtesy of setting a result code. I can tell it failed by the "error:" string which is mixed into the stderr stream, often in the middle of a different conversion status message. I have the following list comprehension which works, but scans for the "error:" string twice. Since it is only rescanning the actual error lines, it works fine, but it annoys me I can't figure out how to use a single scan. Here's the working code: errors = [e[e.find('error:'):] for e in err.splitlines() if 'error:' in e] The obvious (and wrong) way to simplify is to save the "find" result errors = [e[i:] for i in e.find('error:') if i != -1 for e in err.splitlines()] However, I get "UnboundLocalError: local variable 'e' referenced before assignment". Blindly reversing the 'for's in the comprehension also fails. How is this done? THanks. Kent

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  • Is there any way to do this without using '__init__'?

    - by zjm1126
    class a(object): c=b()# how to call the b method d=4 def __init__(self): print self.c def b(self): return self.d+1 a() how to call the 'b' method not in the __init__ thanks the error is : Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\zjm_code\a.py", line 12, in <module> class a(object): File "D:\zjm_code\a.py", line 13, in a c=b()# how to call the b method NameError: name 'b' is not defined

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  • Should I use a class in this: Reading a XML file using lxml.

    - by PulpFiction
    Hi everyone. This question is in continuation to my previous question, in which I asked about passing around an ElementTree. I need to read the XML files only and to solve this, I decided to create a global ElementTree and then parse it wherever required. My question is: Is this an acceptable practice? I heard global variables are bad. If I don't make it global, I was suggested to make a class. But do I really need to create a class? What benefits would I have from that approach. Note that I would be handling only one ElementTree instance per run, the operations are read-only. If I don't use a class, how and where do I declare that ElementTree so that it available globally? (Note that I would be importing this module) Please answer this question in the respect that I am a beginner to development, and at this stage I can't figure out whether to use a class or just go with the functional style programming approach.

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  • Could random.randint(1,10) ever return 11?

    - by Tim Pietzcker
    When researching for this question and reading the sourcecode in random.py, I started wondering whether randrange and randint really behave as "advertised". I am very much inclined to believe so, but the way I read it, randrange is essentially implemented as start + int(random.random()*(stop-start)) (assuming integer values for start and stop), so randrange(1, 10) should return a random number between 1 and 9. randint(start, stop) is calling randrange(start, stop+1), thereby returning a number between 1 and 10. My question is now: If random() were ever to return 1.0, then randint(1,10) would return 11, wouldn't it?

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  • Django - count date between

    - by DJPy
    I have many record in my database wich contains datetime field (e.g. 2010-05-23 17:45:57). I want to count all records between e.g. 15:00 and 15:59 (it all can by from other day, month or year). How can I do this?

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  • Using SQLAlchemy, how can I return a count with multiple columns

    - by Andy
    I am attempting to run a query like this: SELECT comment_type_id, name, count(comment_type_id) FROM comments, commenttypes WHERE comment_type_id=commenttypes.id GROUP BY comment_type_id Without the join between comments and commenttypes for the name column, I can do this using: session.query(Comment.comment_type_id,func.count(Comment.comment_type_id)).group_by(Comment.comment_type_id).all() However, if I try to do something like this, I get incorrect results: session.query(Comment.comment_type_id, Comment.comment_type, func.count(Comment.comment_type_id)).group_by(Comment.comment_type_id).all() I have two problems with the results: (1, False, 82920) (2, False, 588) (3, False, 4278) (4, False, 104370) Problems: The False is not correct The counts are wrong My expected results are: (1, 'Comment Type 1', 13820) (2, 'Comment Type 2', 98) (3, 'Comment Type 2', 713) (4, 'Comment Type 2', 17395) How can I adjust my command to pull the correct name value and the correct count?

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  • how to render custom columns with a GenericTreeModel

    - by Giorgio Gelardi
    I have to display some data in a treeview. The "real" data model is huge and I cannot copy all the stuff in a TreeStore, so I guess I should use a GenericTreeModel to act like a virtual treeview. Btw the first column is the classic icon+text style and I think I should declare a column with a CellRendererPixbuf (faq sample), but I'm not sure what the model methods on_get_n_columns() and on_get_value() should return. It's both a Pixbuf and a string value for the same column. Any help will be appreciated.

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  • KindError: Property r must be an instance of SecondModel, why ?

    - by zjm1126
    class FirstModel(db.Model): p = db.StringProperty() r=db.ReferenceProperty(SecondModel) class SecondModel(db.Model): r = db.ReferenceProperty(FirstModel) class sss(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self): a=FirstModel() a.p='sss' a.put() b=SecondModel() b.r=a b.put() a.r=b a.put() self.response.out.write(str(b.r.p)) the error is : Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\ext\webapp\__init__.py", line 511, in __call__ handler.get(*groups) File "D:\zjm_code\helloworld\a.py", line 158, in get a.r=b File "D:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\ext\db\__init__.py", line 3009, in __set__ value = self.validate(value) File "D:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\ext\db\__init__.py", line 3048, in validate (self.name, self.reference_class.kind())) KindError: Property r must be an instance of SecondModel thanks

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  • Can UML be used to model a Functional program?

    - by iestyn
    More specifically, how do you model a functional program, or one developed using the Functional Style (without classes) using a diagram, and not textual representation, is it at all possible and could someone please direct me towards the nearest application that would do this (open source, of free as in beer, if you please)

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