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• How to keep balance / Unlock items / achievement rules

  - by Mark Knol

  I'm working on an engine for a game, too learn javascript and just because its fun. I'm a flashdeveloper, I know how to build websites. Now making games is a different challenge, javascript is a challenge, but I'd love to learn how to structure code and what patterns are common. I dont mind if the game ever finish, I'm mostly interested in the programming part of it. I dont have a particular endresult in mind, so I'll see where it takes me. I currently have a system where you can buy items. The items cost a specified amount of gold, silver, diamonds etc. When you have selected and bought the item, it takes time before getting rewarded. When time is over, you are getting rewarded with other properties (gold, energy, diamonds). For example, you can buy an apple for 50gold, It takes a minute, you get rewarded with 75energy. Or if you take a run, it cost 50energy, it takes 5minutes, reward is 25gold and 25silver. These definitions is what i call actions. Currently I already have a system where this already works and I can define as much actions with as much properties as I want. The definitions I have kinda looks like this: {id:101, category:544, onInit:{gold:-75}, onComplete:{energy:75}, time:2000, name:"Apple", locked: false} {id:102, category:544, onInit:{gold:-135}, onComplete:{energy:145}, time:2000, name:"Banana", locked: false} {id:106, category:302, onInit:{energy:-50, power: -25}, onComplete:{gold:100, diamonds:2}, time:10000, name:"Run", locked: false} {id:107, category:302, onInit:{energy:-70, silver: -55}, onComplete:{gold:100}, time:10000, name:"Dance", locked: false} {id:108, category:302, onInit:{energy:-230, power: -355}, onComplete:{gold:70, silver:70}, time:10000, name:"Fitness", locked: false} Now, I would love to add a system where I can lock/unlock the actions using achievement rules. Lets say, if you buy 10 apples, you unlock a new action, like bananas which cost more, and reward more. In the future I maybe want to restrict achievements and actions to levels. I am kinda stuck how to structure this. I have 2 questions: Which patterns are used to define achievements? How/where are they defined? Should it be part of the action, or should it be a separate controller? Is it a good idea to register all completed actions to it? I think I want multiple types of achievement rules, Id love to hear some ideas how to develop it. How do you create/find a good balance, so the user does not get stuck or can cheat by repeat a pattern of actions to get too much rewards. I know there is not a simple answer and i'm lacking of a good game-concept, but I wonder if anyone created such a game and how you dealed and played with it.

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• How can I save state from script in a multithreaded engine?

  - by Peter Ren

  We are building a multithreaded game engine and we've encountered some problems as described below. The engine have 3 threads in total: script, render, and audio. Each frame, we update these 3 threads simultaneously. As these threads updating themselves, they produce some tasks and put them into a public storage area. As all the threads finish their update, each thread go and copy the tasks for themselves one by one. After all the threads finish their task copying, we make the threads process those tasks and update these threads simultaneously as described before. So this is the general idea of the task schedule part of our engine. Ok, well, all the task schedule part work well, but here's the problem: For the simplest, I'll take Camera as an example: local oldPos = camera:getPosition() -- ( 0, 0, 0 ) camera:setPosition( 1, 1, 1 ) -- Won't work now, cuz the render thread will process the task at the beginning of the next frame local newPos = camera:getPosition() -- Still ( 0, 0, 0 ) So that's the problem: If you intend to change a property of an object in another thread, you have to wait until that thread process this property-changing message. As a result, what you get from the object is still the information in the last frame. So, is there a way to solve this problem? Or are we build the task schedule part in a wrong way? Thanks for your answers :)

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• Car animations in Frogger on Javascript

  - by Mijoro Nicolas Rasoanaivo

  I have to finish a Frogger game in Javascript for my engineering school degree, but I don't know how to animate the cars. Right now I tried to manipulate the CSS, the DOM, I wrote a script with a setTimeout(), but none of them works.Can I have some help please? Here's my code and my CSS: <html> <head> <title>Image d&eacute;filante</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="map_style.css"/> </head> <body onload="start()"> <canvas id="jeu" width="800" height="450"> </canvas> <img id="voiture" class="voiture" src="car.png" onload="startTimerCar()"> <img id="voiture2" class="voiture" src="car.png" onload="startTimerCar()"> <img id="voiture3" class="voiture" src="car.png" onload="startTimerCar()"> <img id="bigrig" class="bigrig" src="bigrig.png" onload="startTimerBigrig()"> <img id="bigrig2" class="bigrig" src="bigrig.png" onload="startTimerBigrig()"> <img id="bigrig3" class="bigrig" src="bigrig.png" onload="startTimerBigrig()"> <img id="hotrod" src="hotrod.png" onload="startTimerHotrod()"> <img id="hotrod2" src="hotrod.png" onload="startTimerHotrod()"> <img id="turtle" src="turtles_diving.png" onload="startTimerTurtle()"> <img id="turtle2" src="turtles_diving.png" onload="startTimerTurtle()"> <img id="turtle3" src="turtles_diving.png" onload="startTimerTurtle()"> <img id="small" src="log_small.png" onload="startTimerSmall()"> <img id="small2" src="log_small.png" onload="startTimerSmall()"> <img id="small3" src="log_small.png" onload="startTimerSmall()"> <img id="small4" src="log_small.png" onload="startTimerSmall()"> <img id="med" src="log_medium.png" onload="startTimerMedium()"> <img id="med2" src="log_medium.png" onload="startTimerMedium()"> <img id="med3" src="log_medium.png" onload="startTimerMedium()"> <script type="text/javascript"> var X = 1; var timer; function start(){ setInterval(init,10); document.onkeydown = move; var canvas = document.getElementById('jeu'); var context = canvas.getContext('2d'); var frog = document.getElementById('frog'); var posX_frog = 415; var posY_frog = 400; var voiture = [document.getElementById('voiture'),document.getElementById('voiture2'),document.getElementById('voiture3')]; var bigrig = [document.getElementById('bigrig'),document.getElementById('bigrig2'),document.getElementById('bigrig3')]; var hotrod = [document.getElementById('hotrod'),document.getElementById('hotrod2')]; var turtle = [document.getElementById('turtle'),document.getElementById('turtle2'),document.getElementById('turtle3')]; var small = [document.getElementById('small'),document.getElementById('small2'),document.getElementById('small3'),document.getElementById('small4')]; var med = [document.getElementById('med'),document.getElementById('med2'),document.getElementById('med3')]; function init() { context.fillStyle = "#AEEE00"; context.fillRect(0,0,800,50); context.fillRect(0,200,800,50); context.fillRect(0,400,800,50); context.fillStyle = "#046380"; context.fillRect(0,50,800,150); context.fillStyle = "#000000"; context.fillRect(0,250,800,150); var img= new Image(); img.src="./frog.png"; context.drawImage(img,posX_frog, posY_frog, 46, 38); } function move(event){ if (event.keyCode == 39){ if( posX_frog < 716 ){ posX_frog += 50; } } if(event.keyCode == 37){ if( posX_frog >25 ){ posX_frog -= 50; } } if (event.keyCode == 38){ if( posY_frog > 10 ){ posY_frog -= 50; } } if(event.keyCode == 40){ if( posY_frog <400 ){ posY_frog += 50; } } } } </script> </body> And my map_css: #jeu{ z-index:10; width: 800px; height: 450px; border: 2px black solid; overflow: hidden; position: relative; transition:width 2s; -moz-transition:width 2s; /* Firefox 4 */ -webkit-transition:width 2s; /* Safari and Chrome */ } #voiture{ z-index: 100; position: absolute; top: 315px; left: 48px; transition-timing-function: linear; -webkit-transition-timing-function: linear; -moz-transition-timing-function: linear; } #voiture2{ z-index: 100; position: absolute; top: 315px; left: 144px; } #voiture3{ z-index: 100; position: absolute; top: 315px; left: 240px; } #bigrig{ z-index: 100; position: absolute; top: 365px; left: 200px; } #bigrig2{ z-index: 100; position: absolute; top: 365px; left: 400px; } #bigrig3{ z-index: 100; position: absolute; top: 365px; left: 600px; } #hotrod{ z-index: 100; position: absolute; top: 265px; left: 200px; } #hotrod2{ z-index: 100; position: absolute; top: 265px; left: 500px; } #hotrod3{ z-index: 100; position: absolute; top: 265px; left: 750px; } #turtle{ z-index: 100; position: absolute; top: 175px; left: 50px; } #turtle2{ z-index: 100; position: absolute; top: 175px; left: 450px; } #turtle3{ z-index: 100; position: absolute; top: 175px; left: 250px; } #small{ z-index: 100; position: absolute; top: 125px; left: 20px; } #small2{ z-index: 100; position: absolute; top: 125px; left: 220px; } #small3{ z-index: 100; position: absolute; top: 125px; left: 420px; } #small4{ z-index: 100; position: absolute; top: 125px; left: 620px; } #med{ z-index: 100; position: absolute; top: 75px; left: 120px; } #med2{ z-index: 100; position: absolute; top: 75px; left: 320px; } #med3{ z-index: 100; position: absolute; top: 75px; left: 520px; } I had to say that I'm in the obligation to code in HTML5, CSS3, and Javascript but not jQuery, who is way more easier, I already created games in jQuery... It takes me too much time and too much code lines right here.

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• Using copyrighted sprites

  - by Zertalx

  I was thinking about making a pacman clone, I know there is a similar question here Using Copyrighted Images , but I know i can't use the original art from the game because it belongs to Namco, so if I design a character that has the shape of the slice circle it will look exactly like pacman, maybe if I use green instead of yellow? Also if the game plays like the original pacman, it is wrong? I just want to make the game as a personal project and and publish it in my site without getting in trouble

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• Repeat a part of spritesheet as background

  - by Moiblpadde

  So I'm trying to repeat a part of my spritesheet as a background (js, canvas). My code so far: var canvas = $("#board")[0], ctx = canvas.getContext("2d"), sprite = new Image(); sprite.src = "spritesheet.png"; sprite.onload = function(){ ctx.fillStyle = ctx.createPattern(spriteBg, "repeat"); ctx.fillRect(0, 25, 500, 500); } This is fine, but as you can see, it repeat the whole sprite, not just a part of it, and I just can't figure out how to do it D:

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• What's the difference between Canvas and WebGL?

  - by gadr90

  I'm thinking about using CAAT as a part of a HTML5 game engine. One of it's features is the ability to render to Canvas and WebGL without changing anything in the client code. That is a good thing, but I haven't found precisely: what are the differences between those two technologies? I would specially like to know the differences of Canvas and WebGL in the following regards: Framerate Desktop browser support Mobile browser support Futureproofability (TM)

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• Prevent oversteering catastrophe in racing games

  - by jdm

  When playing GTA III on Android I noticed something that has been annoying me in almost every racing game I've played (maybe except Mario Kart): Driving straight ahead is easy, but curves are really hard. When I switch lanes or pass somebody, the car starts swiveling back and forth, and any attempt to correct it makes it only worse. The only thing I can do is to hit the brakes. I think this is some kind of oversteering. What makes it so irritating is that it never happens to me in real life (thank god :-)), so 90% of the games with vehicles inside feel unreal to me (despite probably having really good physics engines). I've talked to a couple of people about this, and it seems either you 'get' racing games, or you don't. With a lot of practice, I did manage to get semi-good at some games (e.g. from the Need for Speed series), by driving very cautiously, braking a lot (and usually getting a cramp in my fingers). What can you do as a game developer to prevent the oversteering resonance catastrophe, and make driving feel right? (For a casual racing game, that doesn't strive for 100% realistic physics) I also wonder what games like Super Mario Kart exactly do differently so that they don't have so much oversteering? I guess one problem is that if you play with a keyboard or a touchscreen (but not wheels and pedals), you only have digital input: gas pressed or not, steering left/right or not, and it's much harder to steer appropriately for a given speed. The other thing is that you probably don't have a good sense of speed, and drive much faster than you would (safely) in reality. From the top of my head, one solution might be to vary the steering response with speed.

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• Hide individual regions on a territory map

  - by Paul

  I have a map of adjacent irregularly-shaped territories. It happens to be a county map, but that's not important. In the game, the player only sees a few to start, and as he progresses to new territories, the ones adjacent to it are revealed. It's a territory-scale fog-of-war. I'm using Unity3D, and my inclination is to make a set of planes, each of which has an image of a single territory on it, and then arrange them manually like a jigsaw puzzle. It then is fairly easy to respond to a click on each region and also to mark the planes as visible or invisible, or even do clever things like fade or zoom on individual regions. This sounds like an arduous task, and if we need to change the visual design of the territories, we'd have to cut up the main map all over again into each of the individual pieces. Does anyone have a more elegant solution to this problem?

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• How to visually "connect" skybox edges with terrain model

  - by David

  I'm working on a simple airplane game where I use skybox cube rendered using disabled depth test. Very close to the bottom side of the skybox is my terrain model. What bothers me is that the terrain is not connected to the skybox bottom. This is not visible while the plane flies low, but as it gets some altitude, the terrain looks smaller because of the perspective. Since the skybox center is always same as the camera position, the skybox moves with the plane, but the terrain goes into the distance. Ok, I think you understand the problem. My question is how to fix it. It's an airplane game so limiting max altitude is not possible. I thought about some way to stretch terrain to always cover whole bottom side of the skybox cube, but that doesn't feel right and I don't even know how would I calculate new terrain dimensions every frame. Here are some screenshot of games where you can clearly see the problem: (oops, I cannot post images yet) darker brown is the skybox bottom here: http://i.stack.imgur.com/iMsAf.png untextured brown is the skybox bottom here: http://i.stack.imgur.com/9oZr7.png

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• 2D animations frames vs 3D animation for small indie project: timing considerations

  - by mm24

  pretty lame question but was wondering.. I am developing a 2D game using Cocos2D for iOS. The art work till now is all 2D (is a shooter game) but some of the characters would benefit of complex animations (eg. 20 frames). I feel a bit stupid because I came across only now that there is the chance to do 3D to 2D frames exporting and then to use them in Cocos2D. The thing that put me off on 3D gaming at first was that it takes more than one person in a team to do so properly (Illustrator, 3D modeller, 3D animator and programmer). Now I feel a bit stupid because having a 3D model I could do and modify the poses whenever I wanted (I should ask to the 3D animator which I guess would be time expensive). Instead now is me and two illustrators (as I require many frames per character). Is my impression that it would have been much longer right or not? Are there any other project management considerations that can be done on this? Sorry if for some this might be trivial but is my first "indie game developer experience".

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• How to control a spaceship near a planet in Unity3D?

  - by tyjkenn

  Right now I have spaceship orbiting a small planet. I'm trying to make an effective control system for that spaceship, but it always end up spinning out of control. After spinning the ship to change direction, the thrusters thrust the wrong way. Normal airplane controls don't work, since the ship is able to leave the atmosphere and go to other planets, in the journey going "upside-down". Could someone please enlighten me on how to get thrusters to work the way they are supposed to?

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• Level of detail algorithm not functioning correctly

  - by Darestium

  I have been working on this problem for months; I have been creating Planet Generator of sorts, after more than 6 months of work I am no closer to finishing it then I was 4 months ago. My problem; The terrain does not subdivide in the correct locations properly, it almost seems as if there is a ghost camera next to me, and the quads subdivide based on the position of this "ghost camera". Here is a video of the broken program: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NF_pHeMOju8 The best example of the problem occurs around 0:36. For detail limiting, I am going for a chunked LOD approach, which subdivides the terrain based on how far you are away from it. I use a "depth table" to determine how many subdivisions should take place. void PQuad::construct_depth_table(float distance) { tree[0] = -1; for (int i = 1; i < MAX_DEPTH; i++) { tree[i] = distance; distance /= 2.0f; } } The chuncked LOD relies on the child/parent structure of quads, the depth is determined by a constant e.g: if the constant is 6, there are six levels of detail. The quads which should be drawn go through a distance test from the player to the centre of the quad. void PQuad::get_recursive(glm::vec3 player_pos, std::vector<PQuad*>& out_children) { for (size_t i = 0; i < children.size(); i++) { children[i].get_recursive(player_pos, out_children); } if (this->should_draw(player_pos) || this->depth == 0) { out_children.emplace_back(this); } } bool PQuad::should_draw(glm::vec3 player_position) { float distance = distance3(player_position, centre); if (distance < tree[depth]) { return true; } return false; } The root quad has four children which could be visualized like the following: [] [] [] [] Where each [] is a child. Each child has the same amount of children up until the detail limit, the quads which have are 6 iterations deep are leaf nodes, these nodes have no children. Each node has a corresponding Mesh, each Mesh structure has 16x16 Quad-shapes, each Mesh's Quad-shapes halves in size each detail level deeper - creating more detail. void PQuad::construct_children() { // Calculate the position of the Quad based on the parent's location calculate_position(); if (depth < (int)MAX_DEPTH) { children.reserve((int)NUM_OF_CHILDREN); for (int i = 0; i < (int)NUM_OF_CHILDREN; i++) { children.emplace_back(PQuad(this->face_direction, this->radius)); PQuad *child = &children.back(); child->set_depth(depth + 1); child->set_child_index(i); child->set_parent(this); child->construct_children(); } } else { leaf = true; } } The following function creates the vertices for each quad, I feel that it may play a role in the problem - I just can't determine what is causing the problem. void PQuad::construct_vertices(std::vector<glm::vec3> *vertices, std::vector<Color3> *colors) { vertices->reserve(quad_width * quad_height); for (int y = 0; y < quad_height; y++) { for (int x = 0; x < quad_width; x++) { switch (face_direction) { case YIncreasing: vertices->emplace_back(glm::vec3(position.x + x * element_width, quad_height - 1.0f, -(position.y + y * element_width))); break; case YDecreasing: vertices->emplace_back(glm::vec3(position.x + x * element_width, 0.0f, -(position.y + y * element_width))); break; case XIncreasing: vertices->emplace_back(glm::vec3(quad_width - 1.0f, position.y + y * element_width, -(position.x + x * element_width))); break; case XDecreasing: vertices->emplace_back(glm::vec3(0.0f, position.y + y * element_width, -(position.x + x * element_width))); break; case ZIncreasing: vertices->emplace_back(glm::vec3(position.x + x * element_width, position.y + y * element_width, 0.0f)); break; case ZDecreasing: vertices->emplace_back(glm::vec3(position.x + x * element_width, position.y + y * element_width, -(quad_width - 1.0f))); break; } // Position the bottom, right, front vertex of the cube from being (0,0,0) to (-16, -16, 16) (*vertices)[vertices->size() - 1] -= glm::vec3(quad_width / 2.0f, quad_width / 2.0f, -(quad_width / 2.0f)); colors->emplace_back(Color3(255.0f, 255.0f, 255.0f, false)); } } switch (face_direction) { case YIncreasing: this->centre = glm::vec3(position.x + quad_width / 2.0f, quad_height - 1.0f, -(position.y + quad_height / 2.0f)); break; case YDecreasing: this->centre = glm::vec3(position.x + quad_width / 2.0f, 0.0f, -(position.y + quad_height / 2.0f)); break; case XIncreasing: this->centre = glm::vec3(quad_width - 1.0f, position.y + quad_height / 2.0f, -(position.x + quad_width / 2.0f)); break; case XDecreasing: this->centre = glm::vec3(0.0f, position.y + quad_height / 2.0f, -(position.x + quad_width / 2.0f)); break; case ZIncreasing: this->centre = glm::vec3(position.x + quad_width / 2.0f, position.y + quad_height / 2.0f, 0.0f); break; case ZDecreasing: this->centre = glm::vec3(position.x + quad_width / 2.0f, position.y + quad_height / 2.0f, -(quad_height - 1.0f)); break; } this->centre -= glm::vec3(quad_width / 2.0f, quad_width / 2.0f, -(quad_width / 2.0f)); } Any help in discovering what is causing this "subdivding in the wrong place" would be greatly appreciated.

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• Question about separating game core engine from game graphics engine...

  - by Conrad Clark

  Suppose I have a SquareObject class, which implements IDrawable, an interface which contains the method void Draw(). I want to separate drawing logic itself from the game core engine. My main idea is to create a static class which is responsible to dispatch actions to the graphic engine. public static class DrawDispatcher<T> { private static Action<T> DrawAction = new Action<T>((ObjectToDraw)=>{}); public static void SetDrawAction(Action<T> action) { DrawAction = action; } public static void Dispatch(this T Obj) { DrawAction(Obj); } } public static class Extensions { public static void DispatchDraw<T>(this object Obj) { DrawDispatcher<T>.DispatchDraw((T)Obj); } } Then, on the core side: public class SquareObject: GameObject, IDrawable { #region Interface public void Draw() { this.DispatchDraw<SquareObject>(); } #endregion } And on the graphics side: public static class SquareRender{ //stuff here public static void Initialize(){ DrawDispatcher<SquareObject>.SetDrawAction((Square)=>{//my square rendering logic}); } } Do this "pattern" follow best practices? And a plus, I could easily change the render scheme of each object by changing the DispatchDraw parameter, as in: public class SuperSquareObject: GameObject, IDrawable { #region Interface public void Draw() { this.DispatchDraw<SquareObject>(); } #endregion } public class RedSquareObject: GameObject, IDrawable { #region Interface public void Draw() { this.DispatchDraw<RedSquareObject>(); } #endregion } RedSquareObject would have its own render method, but SuperSquareObject would render as a normal SquareObject I'm just asking because i do not want to reinvent the wheel, and there may be a design pattern similar (and better) to this that I may be not acknowledged of. Thanks in advance!

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• Collision detection in 3D space

  - by dreta

  I've got to write, what can be summed up as, a compelte 3D game from scratch this semester. Up untill now i have only programmed 2D games in my spare time, the transition doesn't seem tough, the game's simple. The only issue i have is collision detection. The only thing i could find was AABB, bounding spheres or recommendations of various physics engines. I have to program a submarine that's going to be moving freely inside of a cave system, AFAIK i can't use physics libraries, so none of the above solves my problem. Up untill now i was using SAT for my collision detection. Are there any similar, great algorithms, but crafted for 3D collision? I'm not talking about octrees, or other optimalizations, i'm talking about direct collision detection of one set of 3D polygons with annother set of 3D polygons. I thought about using SAT twice, project the mesh from the top and the side, but then it seems so hard to even divide 3D space into convex shapes. Also that seems like far too much computation even with octrees. How do proffessionals do it? Could somebody shed some light.

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• Self learning automated movement

  - by Super1

  I am trying to make a small demo in Javascript, I have a black border and a car the car travels randomly and a line is drawn of its trail. When the user click inside the area it creates an object (we'll call this the wall). If the car hits the wall then it goes back 3 paces and tries a different route. When its hit the wall it needs to log down its location so it does NOT make that mistake again. Here is my example: http://jsfiddle.net/Jtq3E/ How can I get the car to move by itself and create a trail?

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• GLSL: Strange light reflections [Solved]

  - by Tom

  According to this tutorial I'm trying to make a normal mapping using GLSL, but something is wrong and I can't find the solution. The output render is in this image: Image1 in this image is a plane with two triangles and each of it is different illuminated (that is bad). The plane has 6 vertices. In the upper left side of this plane are 2 identical vertices (same in the lower right). Here are some vectors same for each vertice: normal vector = 0, 1, 0 (red lines on image) tangent vector = 0, 0,-1 (green lines on image) bitangent vector = -1, 0, 0 (blue lines on image) here I have one question: The two identical vertices does need to have the same tangent and bitangent? I have tried to make other values to the tangents but the effect was still similar. Here are my shaders Vertex shader: #version 130 // Input vertex data, different for all executions of this shader. in vec3 vertexPosition_modelspace; in vec2 vertexUV; in vec3 vertexNormal_modelspace; in vec3 vertexTangent_modelspace; in vec3 vertexBitangent_modelspace; // Output data ; will be interpolated for each fragment. out vec2 UV; out vec3 Position_worldspace; out vec3 EyeDirection_cameraspace; out vec3 LightDirection_cameraspace; out vec3 LightDirection_tangentspace; out vec3 EyeDirection_tangentspace; // Values that stay constant for the whole mesh. uniform mat4 MVP; uniform mat4 V; uniform mat4 M; uniform mat3 MV3x3; uniform vec3 LightPosition_worldspace; void main(){ // Output position of the vertex, in clip space : MVP * position gl_Position = MVP * vec4(vertexPosition_modelspace,1); // Position of the vertex, in worldspace : M * position Position_worldspace = (M * vec4(vertexPosition_modelspace,1)).xyz; // Vector that goes from the vertex to the camera, in camera space. // In camera space, the camera is at the origin (0,0,0). vec3 vertexPosition_cameraspace = ( V * M * vec4(vertexPosition_modelspace,1)).xyz; EyeDirection_cameraspace = vec3(0,0,0) - vertexPosition_cameraspace; // Vector that goes from the vertex to the light, in camera space. M is ommited because it's identity. vec3 LightPosition_cameraspace = ( V * vec4(LightPosition_worldspace,1)).xyz; LightDirection_cameraspace = LightPosition_cameraspace + EyeDirection_cameraspace; // UV of the vertex. No special space for this one. UV = vertexUV; // model to camera = ModelView vec3 vertexTangent_cameraspace = MV3x3 * vertexTangent_modelspace; vec3 vertexBitangent_cameraspace = MV3x3 * vertexBitangent_modelspace; vec3 vertexNormal_cameraspace = MV3x3 * vertexNormal_modelspace; mat3 TBN = transpose(mat3( vertexTangent_cameraspace, vertexBitangent_cameraspace, vertexNormal_cameraspace )); // You can use dot products instead of building this matrix and transposing it. See References for details. LightDirection_tangentspace = TBN * LightDirection_cameraspace; EyeDirection_tangentspace = TBN * EyeDirection_cameraspace; } Fragment shader: #version 130 // Interpolated values from the vertex shaders in vec2 UV; in vec3 Position_worldspace; in vec3 EyeDirection_cameraspace; in vec3 LightDirection_cameraspace; in vec3 LightDirection_tangentspace; in vec3 EyeDirection_tangentspace; // Ouput data out vec3 color; // Values that stay constant for the whole mesh. uniform sampler2D DiffuseTextureSampler; uniform sampler2D NormalTextureSampler; uniform sampler2D SpecularTextureSampler; uniform mat4 V; uniform mat4 M; uniform mat3 MV3x3; uniform vec3 LightPosition_worldspace; void main(){ // Light emission properties // You probably want to put them as uniforms vec3 LightColor = vec3(1,1,1); float LightPower = 40.0; // Material properties vec3 MaterialDiffuseColor = texture2D( DiffuseTextureSampler, vec2(UV.x,-UV.y) ).rgb; vec3 MaterialAmbientColor = vec3(0.1,0.1,0.1) * MaterialDiffuseColor; //vec3 MaterialSpecularColor = texture2D( SpecularTextureSampler, UV ).rgb * 0.3; vec3 MaterialSpecularColor = vec3(0.5,0.5,0.5); // Local normal, in tangent space. V tex coordinate is inverted because normal map is in TGA (not in DDS) for better quality vec3 TextureNormal_tangentspace = normalize(texture2D( NormalTextureSampler, vec2(UV.x,-UV.y) ).rgb*2.0 - 1.0); // Distance to the light float distance = length( LightPosition_worldspace - Position_worldspace ); // Normal of the computed fragment, in camera space vec3 n = TextureNormal_tangentspace; // Direction of the light (from the fragment to the light) vec3 l = normalize(LightDirection_tangentspace); // Cosine of the angle between the normal and the light direction, // clamped above 0 // - light is at the vertical of the triangle -> 1 // - light is perpendicular to the triangle -> 0 // - light is behind the triangle -> 0 float cosTheta = clamp( dot( n,l ), 0,1 ); // Eye vector (towards the camera) vec3 E = normalize(EyeDirection_tangentspace); // Direction in which the triangle reflects the light vec3 R = reflect(-l,n); // Cosine of the angle between the Eye vector and the Reflect vector, // clamped to 0 // - Looking into the reflection -> 1 // - Looking elsewhere -> < 1 float cosAlpha = clamp( dot( E,R ), 0,1 ); color = // Ambient : simulates indirect lighting MaterialAmbientColor + // Diffuse : "color" of the object MaterialDiffuseColor * LightColor * LightPower * cosTheta / (distance*distance) + // Specular : reflective highlight, like a mirror MaterialSpecularColor * LightColor * LightPower * pow(cosAlpha,5) / (distance*distance); //color.xyz = E; //color.xyz = LightDirection_tangentspace; //color.xyz = EyeDirection_tangentspace; } I have replaced the original color value by EyeDirection_tangentspace vector and then I got other strange effect but I can not link the image (not eunogh reputation) Is it possible that with this shaders is something wrong, or maybe in other place in my code e.g with my matrices?

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• Farseer: Cutting body from texture

  - by Robin Betka

  Is it possible to cut a body from a texture in Farseer 3.0? I have a texture converted to a body with multiple fixtures ( using BayazitDecomposer, CreatePolygon method, ..) and can even do it as a BreakableBody. But when I try to cut it with the cutting tool, the fixture itself gets cutted but it's connections get discarded! So when I have 14 fixtures, and cut fixture 3 for example, fixture 3 gets cutted but 1,2 and 3-14 just go away. Is there a way to do it? It would work already if I could convert the texture into a body with 1 fixture only, but I haven't figured out it that's possible. BayazitDecomposer creates the multiple verticles, but letting it away creates something weird and I get assert messages all the time. I know I couldn't break it that way but I don't need that anyway when I could cut it. The breaking is just the work around I'm using now. Extending the cuttingtool to support multiple fixtures is very hard especially when you consider that in one cut multiple fixtures could be cutted and then connected again.

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• Android/Java AI agent framework/middleware

  - by corneliu

  I am looking for an AI agent framework to use as a starting point in an Android game I have to create for a university research project. It has been suggested to me to use JADE, but, as far as I can tell, it's not a suitable framework for games (at least for my game idea) because it runs in a split-execution mode, and it needs an always-active network connection to a main host. What I want is just a little something to give me a headstart. I am willing to adjust the game's features to the framework because it's more of a mockup game, and the purpose is to compare the performance of a couple of agents in the game world. The game will be very simplistic, with a minimal UI that displays various stats about the characters in the game (so no graphics, no pathfinding). Thank you.

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• How to handle multiple effect files in XNA

  - by Adam 'Pi' Burch

  So I'm using ModelMesh and it's built in Effects parameter to draw a mesh with some shaders I'm playing with. I have a simple GUI that lets me change these parameters to my heart's desire. My question is, how do I handle shaders that have unique parameters? For example, I want a 'shiny' parameter that affects shaders with Phong-type specular components, but for an environment mapping shader such a parameter doesn't make a lot of sense. How I have it right now is that every time I call the ModelMesh's Draw() function, I set all the Effect parameters as so foreach (ModelMesh m in model.Meshes) { if (isDrawBunny == true)//Slightly change the way the world matrix is calculated if using the bunny object, since it is not quite centered in object space { world = boneTransforms[m.ParentBone.Index] * Matrix.CreateScale(scale) * rotation * Matrix.CreateTranslation(position + bunnyPositionTransform); } else //If not rendering the bunny, draw normally { world = boneTransforms[m.ParentBone.Index] * Matrix.CreateScale(scale) * rotation * Matrix.CreateTranslation(position); } foreach (Effect e in m.Effects) { Matrix ViewProjection = camera.ViewMatrix * camera.ProjectionMatrix; e.Parameters["ViewProjection"].SetValue(ViewProjection); e.Parameters["World"].SetValue(world); e.Parameters["diffuseLightPosition"].SetValue(lightPositionW); e.Parameters["CameraPosition"].SetValue(camera.Position); e.Parameters["LightColor"].SetValue(lightColor); e.Parameters["MaterialColor"].SetValue(materialColor); e.Parameters["shininess"].SetValue(shininess); //e.Parameters //e.Parameters["normal"] } m.Draw(); Note the prescience of the example! The solutions I've thought of involve preloading all the shaders, and updating the unique parameters as needed. So my question is, is there a best practice I'm missing here? Is there a way to pull the parameters a given Effect needs from that Effect? Thank you all for your time!

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• How do I generate a level randomly?

  - by Charlton Santana

  I am currently hard coding 10 different instances like the code below, but but I'd like to create many more. Instead of having the same layout for the new level, I was wondering if there is anyway to generate a random X value for each block (this will be how far into the level it is). A level 100,000 pixels wide would be good enough but if anyone knows a system to make the level go on and on, I'd like to know that too. This is basically how I define a block now (with irrelevant code removed): block = new Block(R.drawable.block, 400, platformheight); block2 = new Block(R.drawable.block, 600, platformheight); block3 = new Block(R.drawable.block, 750, platformheight); The 400 is the X position, which I'd like to place randomly through the level, the platformheight variable defines the Y position which I don't want to change.

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• View matrix question (rotate by 180 degrees)

  - by King Snail

  I am using a third party rendering API on top of OpenGL code and I cannot get my matrices correct. The API states this: We're right handed by default, and we treat y as up by convention. Since IwGx's coordinate system has (0,0) as the top left, you typically need a 180 degree rotation around Z in your view matrix. I think the viewer does this by default. In my OpenGL app I have access to the view and projection matrices separately. How can I convert them to fit the criteria used by my third party rendering API? I don't understand what they mean to rotate 180 degrees around Z, is that in the view matrix itself or something in the camera before making the view matrix. Any code would be helpful, thanks.

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• Group Matchmaking

  - by Simon Kérouack

  Consider different groups(1 or more players) queuing together, we want to make 2 opposing teams containing each the same amount of players while keeping the groups together. At the same time we want to make both teams' average ranking as close as possible. Now also consider we have as a working set the subset of groups currently queuing within a given ranking range. For an example, let's say we have the following groups, ordered by queuing time: Id, playerCount, totalRank, avgRank 0, 3, 126, 42 1, 2, 60, 30 2, 1, 25, 25 3, 2, 80, 40 4, 1, 40, 40 5, 1, 20, 20 6, 3, 150, 50 for this specific subset, the expected output should ideally be: team1: 0, 1 (total: 186) team2: 2, 5, 6 (total: 195) up to now the solution I have been using is to balance out each team by making each team pick the group with highest ranking within the subset turn by turn. The team who picks is the one with the currently lowest average rank unless one is already full. If one team is already full the other team tries to complete itself with groups that would make the rank gap as small as possible. This solution turns out to have issues with frequent edge cases and I'm looking for a better solution, or some fine-tuning that could be made. In most cases, players seems to want teams of 5 people and queue in group of 2. Our average subset when 2 teams of 5 are chosen is made of about 14 players if that may be of any help.

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• Deformation of Sphere using Transformations

  - by Mert Toka

  I have a graphic related question. I need to have a transformation matrix that I have no idea about what it is. The problem is to create right image from the right sphere. I created those images in Maya, but I need some matrices for the graphics course. Here is the image: Our professor told us to use some sine and cosine in our transformations, but I have no idea what he meant. I thought of intersecting a plane from the grid(that is xz plane) and sphere, and then scaling down the resulting circle. Would that work? I also checked this paper, however it looks like a bit advanced for me. Another thing is I guess that paper is not about the same type of information I was looking for. It would be great if you could help me.

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• How to give a ball a following texture trailing effect

  - by Evan Kohilas

  How do I draw copies of the leading texture so that there is a line of the leading ball following behind it? (that don't collide) So far I have tried to create the effect by placing another graphic 2 pixels off the graphic, but I don't see the second ball being drawn. spriteBatch.Draw(ballTexture, ballPos, null, Color.White, 0.0f, new Vector2(Ballpos.X +2, ballPos.Y +2), ballSize, SpriteEffects.None, 0); Thanks.

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• Permanent death in a MUD (think command line MMORPG)

  - by Luke Laupheimer

  I have considered writing a MUD for years, and I have a lot of ideas my friends think are really cool (and that's how I'd hope to get anywhere -- word of mouth). Thing is, there's one thing I have always wanted, that my friends and strangers hated: permanent death. Now, the emotional response I get to this is visceral revulsion, every time. I'm pretty sure I am the only person that wants this, or if I'm not, I'm a tiny minority. Now, the reason I want it is because I want the actions of the players to matter. Unlike a lot of other MUDs, which have a set of static city-states and social institutions etc, I want the things my players do, should I get any, to actually change the situation. And that includes killing people. If you kill someone, you didn't send them to time out, you killed them. What happens when you kill people? They go away. They don't come back in half an hour to smack talk you some more. They're gone. Forever. By making death non-permanent, you make death not matter. It would be similar if a climax to a character's arc is getting a speeding ticket. It cheapens it. Non-permanent death cheapens death. How can I: 1) Convince my players (and random people!) that this is actually a good idea?, or 2) Find some other way to make death and violence matter as much as it does in real life (except within the game, of course) sans character deletion? What alternatives are there out there?

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