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  • Open source vs commercial game engines

    - by Vanangamudi
    How commercial game accomplsih stunnning graphics with smooth game play? I am a huge die hard fan and follower of GNU Stallman and his philosophies and other Libre people Cmon how wud I miss Linus. but I got to admit commercial games does excellent jobs. One such good example is Assasin's Creed from Ubisoft. It has good quality graphcis and plays smoothly in my Dual core CPU with Nvidia Geforce 8400ES. Rockstar GTA4 has awesome graphcis but it's slower than AC considering the graphics quality tradeoff. Age of Empires from Ensemble studios, does include Massive crowd AI simulation, yet it plays so smoothly with eyecandy graphics and very large weapon sets and different techtree elements on the other hand. Open source games like Glest, 0A.D(still in alpha :) are not so smooth even though they have very restricted abilities? Coming to question: how do game companies achieve such optmizations, or the open source community is not doing optimizations, or there are any propriarity technological elements that benefits only the companies exists huh?? e.g the OpenSubDiv from Pixar just released open to community?? something like that. and why it is hard to implement optimizations? are there any legal restrictions???

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  • Cocos2d: Tongue effect like in Munch Time

    - by Joey Green
    I'm wanting to do a tongue effect for my character like the one in Munch Time( shown in pic ). The player does some action and his tongue attaches to the nearest platform. I'm thinking this is simply a get distance to platform and keep player at that distance as he moves back and forth giving him the swinging effect. For the drawing, I'm wanting the same effect where the tongue sprite is the skinniest in the middle of the distance between the character and platform. I know how to do this in a shader( I'm using cocos2d v2 btw ), but I'm wondering if there is some built-in functionality to allow me to do this. First, is this the right approach using distance? Second, is their an easy way to do the tongue sprite effect without a shader? Third, I'm wanting to have the player spring up at will in the direction of the platform. I'm using Box2D. Would there be a way to do this using force's or would it be easier to write my own code?

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  • Entity Type specific updates in entity component system

    - by Nathan
    I am currently familiarizing myself with the entity component paradigm. For an example, take a collision system, that detects if entities collide and if they do let them explode. So the collision system has to test collision based on the position component and then set the state of those entities to exploding. But what if the "effect" (setting the state to exploding) is different for different entities? For example, a ship fades out while for an asteroid a particle system must be created. Since entities and components are only data, this must happen in some system. The collision system could do it, but then it must switch over the entity type, which in my opinion is a cumbersome and difficult to extend solution. So how do I trigger "entity type dependend" updates on an entity?

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  • How to correctly Dispose a SourceVoice once its finished

    - by clamp
    i am starting to play a sound with XAudio2 and SourceVoice and once its finished, it should be correctly disposed to not have any leaks. i was expecting it to be something like this: sourceVoice.Start(); sourceVoice.StreamEnd += delegate { if (!sourceVoice.IsDisposed) { sourceVoice.DestroyVoice(); sourceVoice.Dispose(); } }; but that crashes with a read access violation in native code deep in XAudio2.dll which i cant debug.

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  • AI for a mixed Turn Based + Real Time battle system - Something "Gambit like" the right approach?

    - by Jason L.
    This is maybe a question that's been asked 100 times 1,000 different ways. I apologize for that :) I'm in the process of building the AI for a game I'm working on. The game is a turn based one, in the vein of Final Fantasy but also has a set of things that happen in real time (reactions). I've experimented with FSM, HFSMs, and Behavior Trees. None of them felt "right" to me and all felt either too limiting or too generic / big. The idea I'm toying with now is something like a "Rules engine" that could be likened to the Gambit system from Final Fantasy 12. I would have a set of predefined personalities. Each of these personalities would have a set of conditions it would check on each event (Turn start, time to react, etc). These conditions would be priority ordered, and the first one that returns true would be the action I take. These conditions can also point to a "choice" action, which is just an action that will make a choice based on some Utility function. Sort of a mix of FSM/HFSM and a Utility Function approach. So, a "gambit" with the personality of "Healer" may look something like this: (ON) Ally HP = 0% - Choose "Relife" spell (ON) Ally HP < 50% - Choose Heal spell (ON) Self HP < 65% - Choose Heal spell (ON) Ally Debuff - Choose Debuff Removal spell (ON) Ally Lost Buff - Choose Buff spell Likewise, a "gambit" with the personality of "Agressor" may look like this: (ON) Foe HP < 10% - Choose Attack skill (ON) Foe any - Choose target - Choose Attack skill (ON) Self Lost Buff - Choose Buff spell (ON) Foe HP = 0% - Taunt the player What I like about this approach is it makes sense in my head. It also would be extremely easy to build an "AI Editor" with an approach like this. What I'm worried about is.. would it be too limiting? Would it maybe get too complicated? Does anyone have any experience with AIs in Turn Based games that could maybe provide me some insight into this approach.. or suggest a different approach? Many thanks in advance!!!

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  • Why are my Unity procedural animations jerky?

    - by Phoenix Perry
    I'm working in Unity and getting some crazy weird motion behavior. I have a plane and I'm moving it. It's ever so slightly getting about 1 pixel bigger and smaller. It looks like the it's kind of getting squeezed sideways by a pixel. I'm moving a plane by cos and sin so it will spin on the x and z axes. If the planes are moving at Time.time, everything is fine. However, if I put in slower speed multiplier, I get an amazingly weird jerk in my animation. I get it with or without the lerp. How do I fix it? I want it to move very slowly. Is there some sort of invisible grid in unity? Some sort of minimum motion per frame? I put a visual sample of the behavior here. Here's the relevant code: public void spin() { for (int i = 0; i < numPlanes; i++ ) { GameObject g = planes[i] as GameObject; //alt method //currentRotation += speed * Time.deltaTime * 100; //rotation.eulerAngles = new Vector3(0, currentRotation, 0); //g.transform.position = rotation * rotationRadius; //sine method g.GetComponent<PlaneSetup>().pos.x = g.GetComponent<PlaneSetup>().radiusX * (Mathf.Cos((Time.time*speed) + g.GetComponent<PlaneSetup>().startAngle)); g.GetComponent<PlaneSetup>().pos.z = g.GetComponent<PlaneSetup>().radius * Mathf.Sin((Time.time*speed) + g.GetComponent<PlaneSetup>().startAngle); g.GetComponent<PlaneSetup>().pos.y = g.GetComponent<Transform>().position.y; ////offset g.GetComponent<PlaneSetup>().pos.z += 20; g.GetComponent<PlaneSetup>().posLerp.x = Mathf.Lerp(g.transform.position.x,g.GetComponent<PlaneSetup>().pos.x, .5f); g.GetComponent<PlaneSetup>().posLerp.z = Mathf.Lerp(g.transform.position.z, g.GetComponent<PlaneSetup>().pos.z, .5f); g.GetComponent<PlaneSetup>().posLerp.y = g.GetComponent<Transform>().position.y; g.transform.position = g.GetComponent<PlaneSetup>().posLerp; } Invoke("spin",0.0f); } The full code is on github. There is literally nothing else going on. I've turned off all other game objects so it's only the 40 planes with a texture2D shader. I removed it from Invoke and tried it in Update -- still happens. With a set frame rate or not, the same problem occurs. Tested it in Fixed Update. Same issue. The script on the individual plane doesn't even have an update function in it. The data on it could functionally live in a struct. I'm getting between 90 and 123 fps. Going to investigate and test further. I put this in an invoke function to see if I could get around it just occurring in update. There are no physics on these shapes. It's a straight procedural animation. Limited it to 1 plane - still happens. Thoughts? Removed the shader - still happening.

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  • What is the kd tree intersection logic?

    - by bobobobo
    I'm trying to figure out how to implement a KD tree. On page 322 of "Real time collision detection" by Ericson The text section is included below in case Google book preview doesn't let you see it the time you click the link text section Relevant section: The basic idea behind intersecting a ray or directed line segment with a k-d tree is straightforward. The line is intersected against the node's splitting plane, and the t value of intersection is computed. If t is within the interval of the line, 0 <= t <= tmax, the line straddles the plane and both children of the tree are recursively descended. If not, only the side containing the segment origin is recursively visited. So here's what I have: (open image in new tab if you can't see the lettering) The logical tree Here the orange ray is going thru the 3d scene. The x's represent intersection with a plane. From the LEFT, the ray hits: The front face of the scene's enclosing cube, The (1) splitting plane The (2.2) splitting plane The right side of the scene's enclosing cube But here's what would happen, naively following Ericson's basic description above: Test against splitting plane (1). Ray hits splitting plane (1), so left and right children of splitting plane (1) are included in next test. Test against splitting plane (2.1). Ray actually hits that plane, (way off to the right) so both children are included in next level of tests. (This is counter-intuitive - shouldn't only the bottom node be included in subsequent tests) Can some one describe what happens when the orange ray goes through the scene correctly?

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  • Clientside anticheating in multiplayer game 1vs1

    - by garnav
    I'm developing a simple card game, where there will be a matchmaking system that will put you against another human player. This will be the only game mode available, a 1vs1 against another human, no AI. I want to prevent cheating as much as possible. I have already read a lot of similar questions here and I already know that I cannot trust the client and I have to make all verifications server side. I intend to have a server (need one for the matchmaking anyway) and I intend to make some verifications server side but if I want to check everything server side this makes my server to be able to keep track of the state of all current games and check every action, and I don't have the money/infrastructure to support that server. My idea is to make clients check and verify some of the actions made by their opponent* and if they find some illegal action notify the possible cheating to the server and make the server verify it. This will still require my server to keep track of all current games, but it will save resources only checking some things that cannot be checked at client side(like card order in the deck) and only checking other things when they are actually wrong. *(only those they can check with out allowing themselves cheating! for example:they can't check if the played card was in hand cos that will need them to know all cards in hand) Summing up, my questions are: is this a viable approach? will I actually save resources doing this or the extra complexity in the server and client for exchanging this messages is not worth it? do you know any game that has successfully or unsuccessfully tried a similar approach? Thanks all for reading and answering

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  • Direct3D9 application won't write to depth buffer

    - by DeadMG
    I've got an application written in D3D9 which will not write any values to the depth buffer, resulting in incorrect values for the depth test. Things I've checked so far: D3DRS_ZENABLE, set to TRUE D3DRS_ZWRITEENABLE, set to TRUE D3DRS_ZFUNC, set to D3DCMP_LESSEQUAL The depth buffer is definitely bound to the pipeline at the relevant time The depth buffer was correctly cleared before use. I've used PIX to confirm that all of these things occurred as expected. For example, if I clear the depth buffer to 0 instead of 1, then correctly nothing is drawn, and PIX confirms that all the pixels failed the depth test. But I've also used PIX to confirm that my submitted geometry does not write to the depth buffer and so is not correctly rendered. Any other suggestions?

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  • How do I load tmx files with Slick2d?

    - by mbreen
    I just started using Slick2D and learned how simple it is to load in a tilemap and display it. I tried atleast a dozen different tmx files from numerous examples to see if it was the actual file that was corrupted. Everytime I get this error: Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: Resource not found: data/maps/desert.tmx at org.newdawn.slick.util.ResourceLoader.getResourceAsStream(ResourceLoader.java:69) at org.newdawn.slick.tiled.TiledMap.<init>(TiledMap.java:101) at game.Game.init(Game.java:17) at game.Tunneler.initStatesList(Tunneler.java:37) at org.newdawn.slick.state.StateBasedGame.init(StateBasedGame.java:164) at org.newdawn.slick.AppGameContainer.setup(AppGameContainer.java:390) at org.newdawn.slick.AppGameContainer.start(AppGameContainer.java:314) at game.Tunneler.main(Tunneler.java:29) Here is my Game class: package game; import org.newdawn.slick.GameContainer; import org.newdawn.slick.Graphics; import org.newdawn.slick.SlickException; import org.newdawn.slick.state.BasicGameState; import org.newdawn.slick.state.StateBasedGame; import org.newdawn.slick.tiled.TiledMap; public class Game extends BasicGameState{ private int stateID = -1; private TiledMap map = null; public Game(int stateID){ this.stateID = stateID; } public void init(GameContainer container, StateBasedGame game) throws SlickException{ map = new TiledMap("data/maps/desert.tmx","maps");//ERROR } public void render(GameContainer container, StateBasedGame game, Graphics g) throws SlickException{ //map.render(0,0); } public void update(GameContainer container, StateBasedGame game, int delta) throws SlickException{ } public int getID(){return stateID;} } I've tried to see if anyone else has had similar problems but haven't turned up anything. I am able to load other files, so I don't believe it's a compiler issue. My menu class can load images and display them just fine. Also, the filepath is correct. Please let me know if you have any pointers that might help me sort this out.

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  • std::map for storing static const Objects

    - by Sean M.
    I am making a game similar to Minecraft, and I am trying to fine a way to keep a map of Block objects sorted by their id. This is almost identical to the way that Minecraft does it, in that they declare a bunch of static final Block objects and initialize them, and then the constructor of each block puts a reference of that block into whatever the Java equivalent of a std::map is, so there is a central place to get ids and the Blocks with those ids. The problem is, that I am making my game in C++, and trying to do the exact same thing. In Block.h, I am declaring the Blocks like so: //Block.h public: static const Block Vacuum; static const Block Test; And in Block.cpp I am initializing them like so: //Block.cpp const Block Block::Vacuum = Block("Vacuum", 0, 0); const Block Block::Test = Block("Test", 1, 0); The block constructor looks like this: Block::Block(std::string name, uint16 id, uint8 tex) { //Check for repeat ids if (IdInUse(id)) { fprintf(stderr, "Block id %u is already in use!", (uint32)id); throw std::runtime_error("You cannot reuse block ids!"); } _id = id; //Check for repeat names if (NameInUse(name)) { fprintf(stderr, "Block name %s is already in use!", name); throw std::runtime_error("You cannot reuse block names!"); } _name = name; _tex = tex; //fprintf(stdout, "Using texture %u\n", _tex); _transparent = false; _solidity = 1.0f; idMap[id] = this; nameMap[name] = this; } And finally, the maps that I'm using to store references of Blocks in relation to their names and ids are declared as such: std::map<uint16, Block*> Block::idMap = std::map<uint16, Block*>(); //The map of block ids std::map<std::string, Block*> Block::nameMap = std::map<std::string, Block*>(); //The map of block names The problem comes when I try to get the Blocks in the maps using a method called const Block* GetBlock(uint16 id), where the last line is return idMap.at(id);. This line returns a Block with completely random values like _visibility = 0xcccc and such like that, found out through debugging. So my question is, is there something wrong with the blocks being declared as const obejcts, and then stored at pointers and accessed later on? The reason I cant store them as Block& is because that makes a copy of the Block when it is entered, so the block wouldn't have any of the attributes that could be set afterwards in the constructor of any child class, so I think I need to store them as a pointer. Any help is greatly appreciated, as I don't fully understand pointers yet. Just ask if you need to see any other parts of the code.

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  • Collision Detection Game Design and Architecture

    - by Chompas
    I've reading some articles about collision detection. My question here is about ideas on the design for it. Baically I have a C++ game that has a main loop with entities with an update method. Based on keyboard input, these characters updates their positions. My question is not about how to detect collisions, it's about getting ideas in which is the best way to implement this. The game has a main character but also enemies that have to collide between them, so I'm not sure where to make all the iterations for checking collisions and if the right way is to check everything against everything. Thanks in advance.

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  • XNA Deferred Shading, Replace BasicEffect

    - by Alex
    I have implemented deferred shading in my XNA 4.0 project, meaning that I need all objects to start out with the same shader "RenderGBuffer.fx". How can I use a custom Content Processor to: Not load any textures by default (I want to manually do this) Use "RenderGBuffer.fx" as the default shader instead of BasicEffect Below is the progress so far public class DeferredModelProcessor : ModelProcessor { EffectMaterialContent deferredShader; public DeferredModelProcessor() { } protected override MaterialContent ConvertMaterial(MaterialContent material, ContentProcessorContext context) { deferredShader = new EffectMaterialContent(); deferredShader.Effect = new ExternalReference<EffectContent>("DeferredShading/RenderGBuffer.fx"); return context.Convert<MaterialContent, MaterialContent>(deferredShader, typeof(MaterialProcessor).Name); } }

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  • How can a NodeJS server be used from Game Maker HTML5?

    - by Tokyo Dan
    I want to create a client-server game that runs on Game Maker HTML5-NodeJS. The NodeJS server will be an AI server - a bot that acts like a human opponent and plays against the human player at a front-end game client that is coded in GM HTML5. How can a NodeJS server be used from GM HTML5. Are there any examples of such a system? I already got an iOS game that can talk to a remote AI server (coded in Lua) using TCP sockets. Can this be done with Game Maker HTML5 and NodeJS.

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  • Best approach for unit enemy "awareness" in RTS?

    - by Phil
    I'm using Unity3d to develop an RTS/TD hybrid prototype game. What is the best approach to have "awareness" between units and their enemies? Is it sane to have every unit check the distance to every enemy and engage if within range? The approach I'm going for right now is to have a trigger sphere on every unit. If an enemy enters the trigger, the unit becomes aware of the enemy and starts distance checking. I'm imagining that this would save some unnecessary checks? What's the best practice here (if there's such a thing)? Thanks for reading.

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  • How does this game loop actually work?

    - by Nicolai
    I read this playfulJS post, about ray-casting: http://www.playfuljs.com/a-first-person-engine-in-265-lines/ It looks really interested, so I decided to look at his javascript. I am no expert in javascript, so I quickly got lost. It's the game loop "object" that really gets me. I simply don't understand how it works. From the code: function GameLoop() { this.frame = this.frame.bind(this); this.lastTime = 0; this.callback = function() {}; } GameLoop.prototype.start = function(callback) { this.callback = callback; requestAnimationFrame(this.frame); }; GameLoop.prototype.frame = function(time) { var seconds = (time - this.lastTime) / 1000; this.lastTime = time; if (seconds < 0.2) this.callback(seconds); requestAnimationFrame(this.frame); }; var loop = new GameLoop(); loop.start(function frame(seconds) { map.update(seconds); player.update(controls.states, map, seconds); camera.render(player, map); }); Now, what really confuses me here, is this bind stuff and how this actually loops. I am guessing, that if less than 0.2 seconds have passed, since the last time the loop was run, it simply goes back to re-check the time. If more than 0.2 seconds have passed, it leaves the frame function, and executes the 3 lines in the loop. But, if this is true, then how does the loop.start() get called again? And what on earth is the meaning of this.frame = this.frame.bind(this);? I've looked up prototypes bind() but I really don't understand it.

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  • When "W" is held, the character moves forward, but when "W" and "A" is held, movement completely stops

    - by Vlad1k
    I am making a 2D game, and when I hold the key "w", the player goes forward, but when I hold both "w" and "a", the movement stops completely, when I want it to go forward, while shifting to the left. Here is my script: var speed = 4; function Update() { // Make the character walk forward if "w" is being held if(Input.GetKey("w")) { rigidbody.velocity = transform.forward * speed; } // Stop the movement if "w" is not being held if(Input.GetKeyUp("w")) { rigidbody.velocity = transform.forward * 0; } // Make the character walk forward if "s" is being held if(Input.GetKey("s")) { rigidbody.velocity = transform.forward * -speed; } // Stop the movement if "s" is not being held if(Input.GetKeyUp("s")) { rigidbody.velocity = transform.forward * 0; } // Make the character walk left if "a" is being held if(Input.GetKey("a")) { rigidbody.velocity = transform.right * -speed; } // Stop the movement if "a" is not being held if(Input.GetKeyUp("a")) { rigidbody.velocity = transform.right * 0; } //Make the character walk right if "d" is being held if(Input.GetKey("d")) { rigidbody.velocity = transform.right * speed; } // Stop the movement if "d" is not being held if(Input.GetKeyUp("d")) { rigidbody.velocity = transform.right * 0; } } PLEASE MAKE THE CODE BETTER! I AM NEW! EDIT: Here is a video to show my problem. http://www.screenr.com/3oxH Here is the newest code: var speed = 4f; function Update() { if(Input.GetKey("w")) { rigidbody.velocity = transform.forward * speed; } else if(Input.GetKey("s")) { rigidbody.velocity = transform.forward * -speed; } else if(Input.GetKey("a")) { rigidbody.velocity = transform.right * -speed; } else if(Input.GetKey("d")) { rigidbody.velocity = transform.right * speed; } if(Input.GetKeyUp("w")) { rigidbody.velocity = transform.forward * 0; } if(Input.GetKeyUp("s")) { rigidbody.velocity = transform.forward * 0; } if(Input.GetKeyUp("a")) { rigidbody.velocity = transform.right * 0; } if(Input.GetKey("d")) { rigidbody.velocity = transform.right * speed; } if(Input.GetKeyUp("d")) { rigidbody.velocity = transform.right * 0; } }

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  • SSAO Distortion

    - by Robert Xu
    I'm currently (attempting) to add SSAO to my engine, except it's...not really work, to say the least. I use a deferred renderer to render my scene. I have four render targets: Albedo, Light, Normal, and Depth. Here are the parameters for all of them (Surface Format, Depth Format): Albedo: 32-bit ARGB, Depth24Stencil8 Light: 32-bit ARGB, None Normal: 32-bit ARGB, None Depth: 8-bit R (Single), Depth24Stencil8 To generate my random noise map for the SSAO, I do the following for each pixel in the noise map: Vector3 v3 = Vector3.Zero; double z = rand.NextDouble() * 2.0 - 1.0; double r = Math.Sqrt(1.0 - z * z); double angle = rand.NextDouble() * MathHelper.TwoPi; v3.X = (float)(r * Math.Cos(angle)); v3.Y = (float)(r * Math.Sin(angle)); v3.Z = (float)z; v3 += offset; v3 *= 0.5f; result[i] = new Color(v3); This is my GBuffer rendering effect: PixelInput RenderGBufferColorVertexShader(VertexInput input) { PixelInput pi = ( PixelInput ) 0; pi.Position = mul(input.Position, WorldViewProjection); pi.Normal = mul(input.Normal, WorldInverseTranspose); pi.Color = input.Color; pi.TPosition = pi.Position; pi.WPosition = input.Position; return pi; } GBufferTarget RenderGBufferColorPixelShader(PixelInput input) { GBufferTarget output = ( GBufferTarget ) 0; float3 position = input.TPosition.xyz / input.TPosition.w; output.Albedo = lerp(float4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), input.Color, ColorFactor); output.Normal = EncodeNormal(input.Normal); output.Depth = position.z; return output; } And here is the SSAO effect: float4 EncodeNormal(float3 normal) { return float4((normal.xyz * 0.5f) + 0.5f, 0.0f); } float3 DecodeNormal(float4 encoded) { return encoded * 2.0 - 1.0f; } float Intensity; float Size; float2 NoiseOffset; float4x4 ViewProjection; float4x4 ViewProjectionInverse; texture DepthMap; texture NormalMap; texture RandomMap; const float3 samples[16] = { float3(0.01537562, 0.01389096, 0.02276565), float3(-0.0332658, -0.2151698, -0.0660736), float3(-0.06420016, -0.1919067, 0.5329634), float3(-0.05896204, -0.04509097, -0.03611697), float3(-0.1302175, 0.01034653, 0.01543675), float3(0.3168565, -0.182557, -0.01421785), float3(-0.02134448, -0.1056605, 0.00576055), float3(-0.3502164, 0.281433, -0.2245609), float3(-0.00123525, 0.00151868, 0.02614773), float3(0.1814744, 0.05798516, -0.02362876), float3(0.07945167, -0.08302628, 0.4423518), float3(0.321987, -0.05670302, -0.05418307), float3(-0.00165138, -0.00410309, 0.00537362), float3(0.01687791, 0.03189049, -0.04060405), float3(-0.04335613, -0.00530749, 0.06443053), float3(0.8474263, -0.3590308, -0.02318038), }; sampler DepthSampler = sampler_state { Texture = DepthMap; MipFilter = Point; MinFilter = Point; MagFilter = Point; AddressU = Clamp; AddressV = Clamp; AddressW = Clamp; }; sampler NormalSampler = sampler_state { Texture = NormalMap; MipFilter = Linear; MinFilter = Linear; MagFilter = Linear; AddressU = Clamp; AddressV = Clamp; AddressW = Clamp; }; sampler RandomSampler = sampler_state { Texture = RandomMap; MipFilter = Linear; MinFilter = Linear; MagFilter = Linear; }; struct VertexInput { float4 Position : POSITION0; float2 TextureCoordinates : TEXCOORD0; }; struct PixelInput { float4 Position : POSITION0; float2 TextureCoordinates : TEXCOORD0; }; PixelInput SSAOVertexShader(VertexInput input) { PixelInput pi = ( PixelInput ) 0; pi.Position = input.Position; pi.TextureCoordinates = input.TextureCoordinates; return pi; } float3 GetXYZ(float2 uv) { float depth = tex2D(DepthSampler, uv); float2 xy = uv * 2.0f - 1.0f; xy.y *= -1; float4 p = float4(xy, depth, 1); float4 q = mul(p, ViewProjectionInverse); return q.xyz / q.w; } float3 GetNormal(float2 uv) { return DecodeNormal(tex2D(NormalSampler, uv)); } float4 SSAOPixelShader(PixelInput input) : COLOR0 { float depth = tex2D(DepthSampler, input.TextureCoordinates); float3 position = GetXYZ(input.TextureCoordinates); float3 normal = GetNormal(input.TextureCoordinates); float occlusion = 1.0f; float3 reflectionRay = DecodeNormal(tex2D(RandomSampler, input.TextureCoordinates + NoiseOffset)); for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) { float3 sampleXYZ = position + reflect(samples[i], reflectionRay) * Size; float4 screenXYZW = mul(float4(sampleXYZ, 1.0f), ViewProjection); float3 screenXYZ = screenXYZW.xyz / screenXYZW.w; float2 sampleUV = float2(screenXYZ.x * 0.5f + 0.5f, 1.0f - (screenXYZ.y * 0.5f + 0.5f)); float frontMostDepthAtSample = tex2D(DepthSampler, sampleUV); if (frontMostDepthAtSample < screenXYZ.z) { occlusion -= 1.0f / 16.0f; } } return float4(occlusion * Intensity * float3(1.0, 1.0, 1.0), 1.0); } technique SSAO { pass Pass0 { VertexShader = compile vs_3_0 SSAOVertexShader(); PixelShader = compile ps_3_0 SSAOPixelShader(); } } However, when I use the effect, I get some pretty bad distortion: Here's the light map that goes with it -- is the static-like effect supposed to be like that? I've noticed that even if I'm looking at nothing, I still get the static-like effect. (you can see it in the screenshot; the top half doesn't have any geometry yet it still has the static-like effect) Also, does anyone have any advice on how to effectively debug shaders?

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  • Need help starting with a game in Flash/AS3

    - by Hossein
    Hi, I am kinda new to flash/AS3. I have written some stuff and now I now the basics of AS. I want to develop a game in which my character moves. exactly like the way Super Mario moves(the background changes and new obstacles come in the way like and animation with which you can interact by climbing and shooting etc.) There is one big thing that I don't understand is that how to make my background moving and introduce new obstacles when my character moves forward. Currently my scene is static which means the background is the same and obstacles are also stationary. Can some point me to a tutorial or give me an answer that solves my confusion? thanks

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  • Adding Vertices to a dynamic mesh via Method Call

    - by Raven Dreamer
    I have a C# Struct with a static method, "Get Shape" which populates a List with the vertices of a polyhedron. Method Signature: public static void GetShape(Block b, int x, int y, int z, List<Vector3> vertices, List<int> triangles, List<Vector2> uvs, List<Vector2> uv2s) Adding directly to the vertices list (via vertices.Add(vector3) ), the code works as expected, and the new polyhedron appears when I trigger the method. However, I want to do some processing on the vertices I'm adding (a rotation), and the most sensible way I can think to do that is by creating a separate list of Vector3s, and then combining the lists when I'm done. However, vertices.AddRange(newVerts) does not add the shape to the mesh, nor does a foreach loop with verts.Add(vertices[i]). And this is before I've added in any of the processing! I have a feeling this might stem from passing the list of vertices in as a parameter, rather than returning a list and then adding to the vertices in the calling object, but since I'm filling 4 lists, I was trying to avoid having to create a data struct to return all four at once. Any ideas? The working version of the method is reprinted below, in full: public static void GetShape(Block b, int x, int y, int z, List<Vector3> vertices, List<int> triangles, List<Vector2> uvs, List<Vector2> uv2s) { //List<Vector3> vertices = new List<Vector3>(); int l_blockShape = b.blockShape; int l_blockType = b.blockType; //CheckFace checks if the block is empty //if this block is empty, don't draw anything. int vertexIndex; //only y faces need to be hidden. //if((l_blockShape & BlockShape.NegZFace) == BlockShape.NegZFace) { vertexIndex = vertices.Count; //top left, top right, bottom right, bottom left vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y + 1, z+.2f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y + 1, z+.2f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y , z+.2f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y , z+.2f)); // first triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); // second triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+2); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); //UVs for the face uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); //UV2s (lightmapping?) uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); } //XY Z+1 face //if((l_blockShape & BlockShape.PosZFace) == BlockShape.PosZFace) { vertexIndex = vertices.Count; //top left, top right, bottom right, bottom left vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y + 1, z+.8f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y + 1, z+.8f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y , z+.8f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y , z+.8f)); // first triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); // second triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+2); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); //UVs for the face uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); //UV2s (lightmapping?) uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); } //ZY face //if((l_blockShape & BlockShape.NegXFace) == BlockShape.NegXFace) { vertexIndex = vertices.Count; //top left, top right, bottom right, bottom left vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y + 1, z+.8f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y + 1, z+.2f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y , z+.2f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y , z+.8f)); // first triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); // second triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+2); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); //UVs for the face uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); //UV2s (lightmapping?) uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); } //ZY X+1 face // if((l_blockShape & BlockShape.PosXFace) == BlockShape.PosXFace) { vertexIndex = vertices.Count; //top left, top right, bottom right, bottom left vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y + 1, z+.2f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y + 1, z+.8f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y , z+.8f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y , z+.2f)); // first triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); // second triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+2); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); //UVs for the face uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); //UV2s (lightmapping?) uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); } //ZX face if((l_blockShape & BlockShape.NegYFace) == BlockShape.NegYFace) { vertexIndex = vertices.Count; //top left, top right, bottom right, bottom left vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y , z+.8f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y , z+.2f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y , z+.2f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y , z+.8f)); // first triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex); // second triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+2); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); //UVs for the face uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); //UV2s (lightmapping?) uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); } //ZX + 1 face if((l_blockShape & BlockShape.PosYFace) == BlockShape.PosYFace) { vertexIndex = vertices.Count; //top left, top right, bottom right, bottom left vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y+1 , z+.2f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y+1 , z+.8f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y+1 , z+.8f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y+1 , z+.2f)); // first triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex); // second triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+2); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); //UVs for the face uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); //UV2s (lightmapping?) uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); } }

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  • WebGL CORS error loading simple texture in Chrome

    - by mathacka
    Here's my code: function loadTexture() { textureImage = new Image(); textureImage.onload = function() { setupTexture(); } textureImage.src = "jumper2.png"; } function setupTexture() { texture = gl.createTexture(); gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, texture); gl.pixelStorei(gl.UNPACK_FLIP_Y_WEBGL, true); // this next line has the error: Uncaught SecurityError: An attempt was made to break through the security policy of the user agent. gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, textureImage); gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.OES_TEXTURE_FLOAT_LINEAR, gl.NEAREST); if (!gl.isTexture(texture)) { alert("Error: Texture is invalid"); } glProgram.samplerUniform = gl.getUniformLocation(glProgram, "uSampler"); gl.uniform1i(glProgram.samplerUniform, 0); } I've researched it and it is a CORS error a "Cross-origin resource sharing" error, but it's a local file! I can't figure out what's wrong. I did make the picture using gimp, and I'm not sure the coding was right on the export, but I eliminated a previous error using "gl.OES_TEXTURE_FLOAT_LINEAR".

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  • How to fix OpenGL Co-ordinate System in SFML?

    - by Marc Alexander Reed
    My OpenGL setup is somehow configured to work like so: (-1, 1) (0, 1) (1, 1) (-1, 0) (0, 0) (1, 0) (-1, -1) (0, -1) (1, -1) How do I configure it so that it works like so: (0, 0) (SW/2, 0) (SW, 0) (0, SH/2) (SW/2, SH/2) (SW, SH/2) (0, SH) (SW/2, SH) (SW/2, SH) SW as Screen Width. SH as Screen Height. This solution would have to fix the problem of I can't translate significantly(1) on the Z axis. Depth doesn't seem to be working either. The Perspective code I'm using is that of my WORKING GLUT OpenGL code which has a cool 3d grid and camera system etc. But my OpenGL setup doesn't seem to work with SFML. Help me guys. :( Thanks in advance. :) #include <SFML/Window.hpp> #include <SFML/Graphics.hpp> #include <SFML/Audio.hpp> #include <SFML/Network.hpp> #include <SFML/OpenGL.hpp> #include "ResourcePath.hpp" //Mac-only #define _USE_MATH_DEFINES #include <cmath> double screen_width = 640.f; double screen_height = 480.f; int main (int argc, const char **argv) { sf::ContextSettings settings; settings.depthBits = 24; settings.stencilBits = 8; settings.antialiasingLevel = 2; sf::Window window(sf::VideoMode(screen_width, screen_height, 32), "SFML OpenGL", sf::Style::Close, settings); window.setActive(); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE); glEnable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL); glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); glViewport(0, 0, screen_width, screen_height); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); //glOrtho(0.0f, screen_width, screen_height, 0.0f, -100.0f, 100.0f); gluPerspective(45.0f, (double) screen_width / (double) screen_height , 0.f, 100.f); glClearColor(0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f); //blue while (window.isOpen()) { sf::Event event; while (window.pollEvent(event)) { switch (event.type) { case sf::Event::Closed: window.close(); break; } switch (event.key.code) { case sf::Keyboard::Escape: window.close(); break; case 'W': break; case 'S': break; case 'A': break; case 'D': break; } } glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); glTranslatef(0.f, 0.f, 0.f); glPushMatrix(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glColor3f(1.f, 0.f, 0.f); glVertex3f(-1.f, 1.f, 0.f); glColor3f(0.f, 1.f, 0.f); glVertex3f(1.f, 1.f, 0.f); glColor3f(1.f, 0.f, 1.f); glVertex3f(1.f, -1.f, 0.f); glColor3f(0.f, 0.f, 1.f); glVertex3f(-1.f, -1.f, 0.f); glEnd(); glPopMatrix(); window.display(); } return EXIT_SUCCESS; }

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  • Box2d - Attaching a fired arrow to a moving enemy

    - by Satchmo Brown
    I am firing an arrow from the player to moving enemies. When the arrow hits the enemy, I want it to attach exactly where it hit and cause the enemy (a square) to tumble to the ground. Excluding the logistics of the movement and the spin (it already works), I am stuck on the attaching of the two bodies. I tried to weld them together initially but when they fell, they rotated in opposite directions. I have figured that a revolute joint is probably what I am after. The problem is that I can't figure out a way to attach them right where they collide. Using code from iforce2d: b2RevoluteJointDef revoluteJointDef; revoluteJointDef.bodyA = m_body; revoluteJointDef.bodyB = m_e->m_body; revoluteJointDef.collideConnected = true; revoluteJointDef.localAnchorA.Set(0,0);//the top right corner of the box revoluteJointDef.localAnchorB.Set(0,0);//center of the circle b2RevoluteJoint m_joint = *(b2RevoluteJoint*)m_game->m_world->CreateJoint( &revoluteJointDef ); m_body->SetLinearVelocity(m_e->m_body->GetLinearVelocity()); This attaches them but in the center of both of their points. Does anyone know how I would go about getting the exact point of collision so I can link these? Is this even the right method of doing this? Update: I have the exact point of collision. But I still am not sure this is even the method I want to go about this. Really, I just want to attach body A to B and have body B unaffected in any way.

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  • Recommended main loop style

    - by Frootmig-H
    I've just begun attempting an FPS with JMonkeyEngine, but I'm currently stuck as to the best way to implement the main loop - especially with regards to non-instantaneous user actions. By that, I mean things like reloading a weapon. The user starts the action, and it continues for a while with an animation and some sound, and when it completes, game state updates. (I should mention that it's not technically a loop, it's an update method, called as often as possible. Is that different? Me no understand terminology). So, far I've considered : Animation driven Player presses reload Start reload animation If user stars another action, abort animation, start new action. When the animation_complete event is received (JMonkeyEngine provides this), update ammo counters. Event driven Player presses reload Start reload animation Queue up a out-of-thread method to be called at time t + (duration of reload animation) If user starts another action, cancel both animation and queued method. When queued method executes, update ammo. This avoids relying on the animation event (JMonkeyEngine has a particular quirk), but brings in the possibility of thread problems. 'Blocking' (not sure of the correct term) Player presses reload Start reloading animation reloading = true reloadedStartTime = now while (reloading && ((now - reloadingStartTime) < reloadingDuration)) { If user starts another action, break and cancel reloading. } Update ammo counters reloading = false My main concern is that actions can interrupt each other. Reloading can be interrupted by firing, or by dropping or changing weapon, crouching can be interrupted by running, etc. What's the recommended way to handle this? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method? I'm leaning towards event-driven, even though it requires more care; failing that, blocking.

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  • Slow Firefox Javascript Canvas Performance?

    - by jujumbura
    As a followup from a previous post, I have been trying to track down some slowdown I am having when drawing a scene using Javascript and the canvas element. I decided to narrow down my focus to a REALLY barebones animation that only clears the canvas and draws a single image, once per-frame. This of course runs silky smooth in Chrome, but it still stutters in Firefox. I added a simple FPS calculator, and indeed it appears that my page is typically getting an FPS in the 50's when running Firefox. This doesn't seem right to me, I must be doing something wrong here. Can anybody see anything I might be doing that is causing this drop in FPS? <!DOCTYPE HTML> <html> <head> </head> <body bgcolor=silver> <canvas id="myCanvas" width="600" height="400"></canvas> <img id="myHexagon" src="Images/Hexagon.png" style="display: none;"> <script> window.requestAnimFrame = (function(callback) { return window.requestAnimationFrame || window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame || window.mozRequestAnimationFrame || window.oRequestAnimationFrame || window.msRequestAnimationFrame || function(callback) { window.setTimeout(callback, 1000 / 60); }; })(); var animX = 0; var frameCounter = 0; var fps = 0; var time = new Date(); function animate() { var canvas = document.getElementById("myCanvas"); var context = canvas.getContext("2d"); context.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height); animX += 1; if (animX == canvas.width) { animX = 0; } var image = document.getElementById("myHexagon"); context.drawImage(image, animX, 128); context.lineWidth=1; context.fillStyle="#000000"; context.lineStyle="#ffffff"; context.font="18px sans-serif"; context.fillText("fps: " + fps, 20, 20); ++frameCounter; var currentTime = new Date(); var elapsedTimeMS = currentTime - time; if (elapsedTimeMS >= 1000) { fps = frameCounter; frameCounter = 0; time = currentTime; } // request new frame requestAnimFrame(function() { animate(); }); } window.onload = function() { animate(); }; </script> </body> </html>

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