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• Compiz: Switching focus by application instead of by window

  - by Ivan Vucica

  I got used to OS X way of doing things (separate shortcuts for switching between applications and switching between current application's windows). Is there a way to get Compiz to have a shortcut (such as Super+Tab) to switch between applications ("window groups") instead of between windows? I already got the "Scale" plugin (an expose clone) to display only windows from current window group, proving there is a way to group by application, but I cannot find a way to get the "Application Switcher" to switch between these groups instead of between windows themselves.

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• Is there a way to rsync in batches?

  - by Chris

  I have a huge chunk of data (11G) in a subversion repository that I'm using rsync to migrate to Alfresco, which lucene indexes new files as they hit the file system. I'm using a dav mount as a proxy to allow me to rsync. The issue I'm having is the indexing post-rsync is quite an expensive operation for such a huge chunk of data, so I was wondering whether there's a way I could logically separate the rsync into identically-sized batches (say 500MB each) so I could schedule them in cron. At the moment, I'm traversing the top level folders and taking the smallest ones across first, but once I'm done with those, the much larger sub-directories are going to be quite troublesome. Please let me know if you need any further info. Thanks in advance.

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• How to Exclude an URL for Apache Mod_proxy?

  - by Mughil

  We have two Apache server as front-end and 4 tomcat server as back-end configured using mod_proxy module as load balancer. Now, we want to exclude an single tomcat url from the mod_proxy load balancer. Is there any way or rule to exclude? Proxy Balancer Setting: <Proxy balancer://backend-cluster1> BalancerMember http://10.0.0.1:8080 loadfactor=1 route=test1 retry=10 BalancerMember http://10.0.0.2:8080 loadfactor=1 route=test2 retry=10 </Proxy>

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• Understanding ulimit -u

  - by tripleee

  I'd like to understand what's going on here. linvx$ ( ulimit -u 123; /bin/echo nst ) nst linvx$ ( ulimit -u 122; /bin/echo nst ) -bash: fork: Resource temporarily unavailable Terminated linvx$ ( ulimit -u 123; /bin/echo one; /bin/echo two; /bin/echo three ) one two three linvx$ ( ulimit -u 123; /bin/echo one & /bin/echo two & /bin/echo three ) -bash: fork: Resource temporarily unavailable Terminated one I speculate that the first 122 processes are consumed by Bash itself, and that the remaining ulimit governs how many concurrent processes I am allowed to have. The documentation is not very clear on this. Am I missing something? More importantly, for a real-world deployment, how can I know what sort of ulimit is realistic? It's a long-running daemon which spawns worker threads on demand, and reaps them when the load decreases. I've had it spin the server to its death a few times. The most important limit is probably memory, which I have now limited to 200M per process, but I'd like to figure out how I can enforce a limit on the number of children (the program does allow me to configure a maximum, but how do I know there are no bugs in that part of the code?)

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• In Bash, how can I obtain the directory path from the previous command's last argument

  - by Beaming Mel-Bin

  I frequently have to do this. For example: $ vim /etc/pam.d/sudo $ vim /etc/pam.d/sudo-i $ cd /etc/pam.d/ # Figure I should just go to the directory Now, is there a way I could obtain the directory of the last argument when it's a file path? I'm asking this cause I recently became aware of the $_ variable that has become useful. Was wondering if there's some other commandline fu that might come in handy.

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• Securing debain with fail2ban or iptables

  - by Jimmy

  I'm looking to secure my server. Initially my first thought was to use iptables but then I also learnt about Fail2ban. I understand that Fail2ban is based on iptables, but it has the advantages of being able to ban IP's after a number of attempts. Let's say I want to block FTP completely: Should I write a separate IPtable rule to block FTP, and use Fail2ban just for SSH Or instead simply put all rules, even the FTP blocking rule within the Fail2Ban config Any help on this would be appreciated. James

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• How to write rules for persistent net names?

  - by ndemou

  I know that a process generates persistent network card names based on rules found in /lib/udev/rules.d/75-persistent-net-generator.rules. I also know how to completely disable this process with a simple echo '#' > /etc/udev/rules.d/75-persistent-net-generator.rules but I've read that I "could also write my own rules file to give the interface a name — the persistent rules generator ignores the interface if a name has already been set" (/etc/udev/rules.d/README confirms that this is possible). Do you have any pointers to documentation about how to write such rules? (I mostly care about Debian/Ubuntu and a bit less for CentOS) As a specific example of why I want to write custom rules: I have two identical servers with one onboard LAN and one PCI LAN. In case of HW failure I want to be able to move disks from HW#1 to HW#2 and it's important for eth0 to continue pointing to the onboard card and eth1 to the PCI card (no one wants to mess with cabling in the middle of a HW failure panic). My current workaround works but is a lot of work[1] so I wonder if writing custom rules would allow me to express something simple like this: cards with MAC A or B should be named eth0 cards with MAC C or D should be named eth1 follow default naming scheme for anything else [1] install the OS in HW#1 and keep a copy of /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules. Move the disks to HW#2 and keep a second copy of the same file. Concatenate the two copies and manually edit the NAME="ethX" part. Replace /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules with my version. Finally disable auto-creation of a new 70-persistent-net.rules using echo '#' > /etc/udev/rules.d/75-persistent-net-generator.rules

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• CentOS 6 init script doesn't work properly

  - by user711643

  I'm setting up my ruby production server based on CentOS 6. I need a process called god (which is a process monitoring tool) to start at boot. I'm using an init script that I found here. Just as stated in the guide I ran: chkconfig --add god and then chkconfig --level 345 god on After this if I run "service god start|restart" everything works. It loads the available configurations and brings up the related processes (if they are not running). Problem is it doesn't work at boot. If I reboot the system, then I do "ps -aux | grep god". At this point "god" is running but apparently it didn't load the configuration files. If i run again service god restart, it loads everything without problems. What am I doing wrong?

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• Can't unlock locked screen, in Ubuntu 12

  - by Camille Goudeseune

  After locking the screen (with a keystroke bound to xlock -nice 8 -mode blank), I can unlock the screen as expected, but only within a few minutes. After being locked overnight, when I hit a key (even Ctrl+Alt combos), the screen stays black with just a brief white flash across the middle of both monitors. The workaround is to ssh in from another host and restart X. Some months ago, this happened every few weeks. By now it happens almost every morning. How do I even start to diagnose this? What might I look for in log files? (The intermittency is particularly troubling.) Failing that, is there an alternative to xlock aka xlockmore? Hardware: 3-year-old HP minitower, GEForce 9800 GT, two Asus LCD monitors. Software: Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS. Window manager awesome-wm. NVidia driver 304.88. XLock version xlockmore-5.31.

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• How to setup IP alias on bridged interface in Ubuntu

  - by Anonymouslemming

  How do I setup an IP alias on a bridge (br0) device on Ubuntu ? If I wait for br0 to come up and then do /sbin/ifconfig br0:0 192.168.10.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 then it works fine. If however I add the following to my /etc/network/interfaces file, it does not work and the network fails to start: auto br0:0 iface br0:0 inet static address 192.168.10.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 At the moment, I have a script in /etc/network/if-up.d/bridge_alias that does this as follows: #!/bin/bash if [ "${LOGICAL}" == "br0" ] && [ "${PHASE}" = "post-up" ]; then echo -n "Starting br0:0 ... " /sbin/ifconfig br0:0 192.168.10.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 echo "Done!" fi What is the right way of doing this though, just using the OS network config files ?

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• How to add a user to Wheel group?

  - by Natasha Thapa

  I am trying to add a use to wheel group using in a Ubuntu server. sudo usermod -aG wheel john I get: usermod: group 'wheel' does not exist On my /etc/sudoers I have this: > cat /etc/sudoers > # sudoers file. > # > # This file MUST be edited with the 'visudo' command as root. > # > # See the sudoers man page for the details on how to write a sudoers file. > # > > # Host alias specification > > # User alias specification > > # Cmnd alias specification > > # Defaults specification > > # User privilege specification root ALL=(ALL) ALL %root ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL > > %wheel ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL Do I have to do groupadd of wheel?

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• How to read iptables -L output?

  - by skrebbel

  I'm rather new to iptables, and I'm trying to understand its output. I tried to RTFM, but to no avail when it comes to little details like these. When iptables -vnL gives me a line such as: Chain INPUT (policy DROP 2199 packets, 304K bytes) I understand the first part: on incoming data, if the list below this line does not provide any exceptions, then the default policy is to DROP incoming packets. But what does the 2199 packets, 304K bytes part mean? Is that all the packets that were dropped? Is there any way to find out which packets that were, and where they came from? Thanks!

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• Where does gcc keep its built-in include directory paths

  - by Charles

  GCC has built in include directories for certain standard headers. I just need to know where this list is. My newly compiled gcc will not compile my little test C++ program because it cannot find standard headers. I think it fails because of some config options I used to make my file system more organized. I set the bindir and libdir, which I think might have screwed up the built-in include paths for some reason. Program (dummy.c): #include <iostream> void main(){} Command: g++ dummy.c Error: dummy.c:1:20: fatal error: iostream: No such file or directory

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• Cloning to a smaller hard drive with DDRescue

  - by krebshack

  I am currently working with a 700 GB Seagate hard drive that's beginning to fail. I'll call this "SDB" from now on. I'd like to clone it while I'm still able to. However, the only hard drive that I have available is a 500 GB WD hard drive. I'll call this "SDC" from now on. The partition scheme on SDB is as follows: 9.77 GB is allocated to a recovery partition and the remaining 688.87 GB is allocated to a Windows partition. Both are formatted using NTFS. There is no partition scheme on SDC. I know how to clone one hard drive to another using DDRescue but I've only done it using hard drives that are the same size. For your reference, I'll normally use the command "ddrescue -v -r 3 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc example.log". I'd like to know if it's possible to do this with DDRescue. I've read the manual from GNU (http://www.gnu.org/software/ddrescue/manual/ddrescue_manual.html) and I haven't seen anything indicating that it is possible. I'm just looking for some confirmation that this is a correct impression. If it's not possible, then it would be helpful if any of y'all would be able to make some work around suggestions. But please don't feel obligated to do that. I don't want to have my one thread bogged down with two many questions.

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• disable specific PCI device at boot

  - by Rhymoid

  I've just reinstalled Debian on my Sony VAIO laptop, and my dmesg and virtual consoles all get spammed with the same messages over and over again. [ 59.662381] hub 1-1:1.0: unable to enumerate USB device on port 2 [ 59.901732] usb 1-1.2: new high-speed USB device number 91 using ehci_hcd [ 59.917940] hub 1-1:1.0: unable to enumerate USB device on port 2 [ 60.157256] usb 1-1.2: new high-speed USB device number 92 using ehci_hcd I believe these messages are coming from an internally connected USB device, most likely the webcam (since that's the only thing that doesn't work). The only way I can seem to have it shut up (without killing my actually useful USB ports) is to disable one of the USB host controllers: # echo "0000:00:1a.0" > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/ehci_hcd/unbind This also takes down my Bluetooth interface, but I'm fine with that. I would like this setting to persist, so that I can painlessly use my virtual console again in case I need it. I want my operating system (Debian amd64) to never wake it up, but I don't know how to do this. I've tried to blacklist the module alias for the PCI device, but it seems to be ignored: $ cat /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000\:00\:1a.0/modalias pci:v00008086d00003B3Csv0000104Dsd00009071bc0Csc03i20 $ cat /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist blacklist pci:v00008086d00003B3Csv0000104Dsd00009071bc0Csc03i20 How do I ensure that this specific PCI device is never automatically activated, without disabling its driver altogether? -edit- The module was renamed recently, now the following works from userland: echo "0000:00:1a.0" > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/ehci-pci/unbind Still, I'm looking for a way to stop the kernel from binding that device in the first place.

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• CSF Unresolved issue

  - by josephmarhee

  I began receiving service failures for CSF/LFD once the limit was reached in iptables preventing the service from working properly. I flushed all iptables rules, and redid by rules using CIDR rather than the individual IPs that were listed and the issue persists. Error: The VPS iptables rule limit (numiptent) is too low (1527/1536) - stopping firewall to prevent iptables blocking all connections, at line 1459 This is after restarting CSF, which gave me: You have an unresolved error when starting csf. You need to restart csf successfully to remove this warning CSF still seems to be trying to enforce rules that no longer exists (lists entire chains upon trying to be restarted,only to fail with that error). Any idea of what's going on?

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• Enter response once prompt returns?

  - by mjb

  It's neither a secure idea nor one I'd recommend elsewhere, but I have a situation when occasionally it takes a while for my Ansible ad-hoc command to respond. I'd love to pipe or args or whatever is needed to push the required text into the prompt so I can walk away and know it will finish. Ex: $ ansible all -m shell -a "reboot" --ask-pass Password: blah blah blah it worked I'd love to send an argument or << or something to get the password in. Is that possible?

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• What should I encrypt in Debian during install?

  - by ianfuture

  I have seen various guides and recommendations on web about how best to do this but nothing that clearly explains the best way and why. So I understand there is a need for part of Debian during install to be un-encrypted on its own partition to allow it to boot. Most info I have seen is call this /boot and set the boot flag. Next I believe the best approach is to create another partition out of all the rest of the disk space, encrypt this, then on top of that create a LVM and then within the LVM create my various partitions , name them , select size, and file system type. Can I include /swap in the encrypted LVM part ? Is this approach sound? If so what are the partitions I should use (this is going to be a minimal server install with a view to install as and when what I need for a dev server)? Finally how does the installer know what to put in each partition I define ? I appreciate there are more than one question but any help and suggestions would be appreciated. If further clarification is needed please mention in the comments . EDIT : 16/3/2010 After Richard Holloways reply I thought it relevant to add this info: The reasons why I want to do this are to explore maximising security on any server install and set up, due to interest in the area of Computer Security and Forensics. Also I am trying to peform the task as if it being performed in an enterprise situation. On a technical matter, once set up and configured with minimal packages and ssh this server will not physically be easy to access so I will only be entering via ssh. (Yes I know why encrypt something no one will ever be able to get their hands on? Because I can and I want to is the simple answer, but see above too).

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• setting up a second monitor in centos

  - by Rob

  I have CentOS installed on my laptop. I hooked up my TV via VGA and it works, just not as I'd like it to. The left side (on the tv) is cut off, like the image is justified too far left. I want it to be centered, but I also want to use a different resolution. You see, I use a netbook, and thus my laptop screen is tiny, meaning some things cant fit in the same window without scrolling. I want my TV to fix that for me.

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• How do I get rid of sockets in FIN_WAIT1 state?

  - by Gert M

  I have a port that is blocked by a process I needed to kill. (a little telnet daemon that crashed) The process was killed successfully but the port is still in a 'FIN_WAIT1' state. It doesn't come out of it, the timeout for that seems to be set to 'a decade'. The only way I've found to free the port is to reboot the entire machine, which is ofcourse something I do not want to do. $ netstat -tulnap | grep FIN_WAIT1 tcp 0 13937 10.0.0.153:4000 10.0.2.46:2572 FIN_WAIT1 - Does anyone know how I can get this port unblocked without rebooting?

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• Error when sending mail to an external mail server from Postfix on CentOS

  - by yankitwizzy

  I just installed Postfix. i have not yet done any configuration on it. Each time I try to use it to sendmail from another application, it keeps telling me that COnnection was refused from the ip I want to connect to. This is the error I get [root@localhost /]# telnet mail.abuse.org Trying 69.43.160.153... telnet: connect to address 69.43.160.153: Connection refused telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused COuld someone please help me the problem

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• how to check if something is in the queue of torque?

  - by kloop

  I want to re-run some jobs that completed prematurely under torque. These jobs are run through .job scripts (using qsub). However, I don't want to re-run a job which is already in the queue. Given a script filename, how can I know whether it is already in torque's queue (using qstat?) or not? I prefer to do it programmatically, of course, so any oneliner that searches for a given script name would be great. I will note that I can grep submit_args in qstat -f, but I can't get it to display the whole script name when it is too long. This is crucial. EDIT: I managed to solve it using the following command: qstat -x | perl -pi -e 's/\<\//\n/g' | grep job$ | grep -v submit_args | perl -pi -e 's/Job_Id\>\<Job_Name\>//' works because all my scripts end in the string "job".

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• Pass parameters to a script securely

  - by codeholic

  What is the best way to pass parameters to a forked script securely? E. g. passing parameters through command line operands is not secure, since someone who has an account on the host can run ps and see them. Unnamed pipe is quite secure, as far as I understand, isn't it? I mean, passing parameters to STDIN of the forked process. What about passing parameters in environment vars? Is it secure? What about passing parameters by other means I didn't mention?

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• Setup Webmail server unable to receive mails

  - by user26516

  I installed centos and configured email server and if I send email goes perfectly but if i reply from email that email i am getting this kind of error. Technical details of permanent failure: Google tried to deliver your message, but it was rejected by the server for the recipient domain example.com by mx00.1and1.com. [74.208.5.3]. I have bought domain in 1and1.com and i successful parked the domain. But i have doubt shall i need to add anything in MX record for other mail server. Please anyone help.

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• How to get the PID of a process started by /bin/su -c

  - by crash3k

  I'm writing a init.d-script for an java-app. But the java-app should be run by another user. (The OS I'm using is Debian Squeeze.) I already got this: /bin/su - $USER - c "cd $PATH;echo $PASSWORD | $JAVA -Xmx256m -jar $PATH/app.jar -d > /dev/null" & PID=$! /bin/su - $USER - c "echo $PID > $PIDFILE" But this will of course only save the pid of the "/bin/su"-process instead of the pid of the created java-process.

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