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  • index error:list out of range

    - by kaushik
    from string import Template from string import Formatter import pickle f=open("C:/begpython/text2.txt",'r') p='C:/begpython/text2.txt' f1=open("C:/begpython/text3.txt",'w') m=[] i=0 k='a' while k is not '': k=f.readline() mi=k.split(' ') m=m+[mi] i=i+1 print m[1] f1.write(str(m[3])) f1.write(str(m[4])) x=[] j=0 while j<i: k=j-1 l=j+1 if j==0 or j==i: j=j+1 else: xj=[] xj=xj+[j] xj=xj+[m[j][2]] xj=xj+[m[k][2]] xj=xj+[m[l][2]] xj=xj+[p] x=x+[xj] j=j+1 f1.write(','.join(x)) f.close() f1.close() It say line 33,xj=xj+m[l][2] has index error,list out of range please help thanks in advance

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  • pyplot.scatter changes the data limits of the axis

    - by Erotemic
    I have some code which plots some points. I substituted ax.scatter for ax.plot so I could control the color of each point individually. However when I make this change the axis x and y ranges seem to increase. I can't pinpoint why this is happening. The only thing I've changed is plot to scatter. This code makes an axis that is too big ax.scatter(x, y, c=color_list, s=pts_size, marker='o', edgecolor='none') #ax.plot(x, y, linestyle='None', marker='o', markerfacecolor=pts_color, markersize=pts_size, markeredgewidth=0) This code does the right thing (but I can't control the color) #ax.scatter(x, y, c=color_list, s=pts_size, marker='o', edgecolor='none') ax.plot(x, y, linestyle='None', marker='o', markerfacecolor=pts_color, markersize=pts_size, markeredgewidth=0) Is there a way I can call scatter such that it doesn't mess with my current axis limits?

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  • How to differentiate between method and function in a decorator?

    - by defnull
    I want to write a decorator that acts differently depending on whether it is applied to a function or to a method. def some_decorator(func): if the_magic_happens_here(func): # <---- Point of interest print 'Yay, found a method ^_^ (unbound jet)' else: print 'Meh, just an ordinary function :/' return func class MyClass(object): @some_decorator def method(self): pass @some_decorator def function(): pass I tried inspect.ismethod(), inspect.ismethoddescriptor() and inspect.isfunction() but no luck. The problem is that a method actually is neither a bound nor an unbound method but an ordinary function as long as it is accessed from within the class body. What I really want to do is to delay the actions of the decorator to the point the class is actually instantiated because I need the methods to be callable in their instance scope. For this, I want to mark methods with an attribute and later search for these attributes when the .__new__() method of MyClass is called. The classes for which this decorator should work are required to inherit from a class that is under my control. You can use that fact for your solution. In the case of a normal function the delay is not necessary and the decorator should take action immediately. That is why I wand to differentiate these two cases.

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  • Can I override a query in DJango?

    - by stinkypyper
    I know you can override delete and save methods in DJango models, but can you override a select query somehow to intercept and change a parameter slightly. I have a hashed value I want to check for, and would like to keep the hashing internal to the model.

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  • Updating a module level shared dictionary

    - by Vishal
    Hi, A module level dictionary 'd' and is accessed by different threads/requests in a django web application. I need to update 'd' every minute with a new data and the process takes about 5 seconds. What could be best solution where I want the users to get either the old value or the new value of d and nothing in between. I can think of a solution where a temp dictionary is constructed with a new data and assigned to 'd' but not sure how this works! Appreciate your ideas. Thanks

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  • How to detect a sign change for elements in a numpy array

    - by cb160
    I have a numpy array with positive and negative values in. a = array([1,1,-1,-2,-3,4,5]) I want to create another array which contains a value at each index where a sign change occurs (For example, if the current element is positive and the previous element is negative and vice versa). For the array above, I would expect to get the following result array([0,0,1,0,0,1,0]) Alternatively, a list of the positions in the array where the sign changes occur or list of booleans instead of 0's and 1's is fine.

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  • How to access the calling source line from interactive shell

    - by TJD
    I want to make a function that can determine the source code of how it was called. I'm aware of how to do this generally with the inspect module. For example, this question, works well and provides my desired output in the lines variable as shown below: def hello(x): frame,filename,line_number,function_name,lines,index=\ inspect.getouterframes(inspect.currentframe())[1] print(frame,filename,line_number,function_name,lines,index) The problem is that this solution doesn't work in an interactive command line session. For example, from a command line, the result looks like: >>> y = hello(7) (<frame object at 0x01ECA9E8>, '<stdin>', 1, '<module>', None, None) The problem is that the source file is '<stdin>', so the lines variable is None. How can I access the calling line to find the result containing the string y = hello(7) during an interactive session?

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  • Generating a .CSV with Several Columns - Use a Dictionary?

    - by Qanthelas
    I am writing a script that looks through my inventory, compares it with a master list of all possible inventory items, and tells me what items I am missing. My goal is a .csv file where the first column contains a unique key integer and then the remaining several columns would have data related to that key. For example, a three row snippet of my end-goal .csv file might look like this: 100001,apple,fruit,medium,12,red 100002,carrot,vegetable,medium,10,orange 100005,radish,vegetable,small,10,red The data for this is being drawn from a couple sources. 1st, a query to an API server gives me a list of keys for items that are in inventory. 2nd, I read in a .csv file into a dict that matches keys with item name for all possible keys. A snippet of the first 5 rows of this .csv file might look like this: 100001,apple 100002,carrot 100003,pear 100004,banana 100005,radish Note how any key in my list of inventory will be found in this two column .csv file that gives all keys and their corresponding item name and this list minus my inventory on hand yields what I'm looking for (which is the inventory I need to get). So far I can get a .csv file that contains just the keys and item names for the items that I don't have in inventory. Give a list of inventory on hand like this: 100003,100004 A snippet of my resulting .csv file looks like this: 100001,apple 100002,carrot 100005,radish This means that I have pear and banana in inventory (so they are not in this .csv file.) To get this I have a function to get an item name when given an item id that looks like this: def getNames(id_to_name, ids): return [id_to_name[id] for id in ids] Then a function which gives a list of keys as integers from my inventory server API call that returns a list and I've run this function like this: invlist = ServerApiCallFunction(AppropriateInfo) A third function takes this invlist as its input and returns a dict of keys (the item id) and names for the items I don't have. It also writes the information of this dict to a .csv file. I am using the set1 - set2 method to do this. It looks like this: def InventoryNumbers(inventory): with open(csvfile,'w') as c: c.write('InvName' + ',InvID' + '\n') missinginvnames = [] with open("KeyAndItemNameTwoColumns.csv","rb") as fp: reader = csv.reader(fp, skipinitialspace=True) fp.readline() # skip header invidsandnames = {int(id): str.upper(name) for id, name in reader} invids = set(invidsandnames.keys()) invnames = set(invidsandnames.values()) invonhandset = set(inventory) missinginvidsset = invids - invonhandset missinginvids = list(missinginvidsset) missinginvnames = getNames(invidsandnames, missinginvids) missinginvnameswithids = dict(zip(missinginvnames, missinginvids)) print missinginvnameswithids with open(csvfile,'a') as c: for invname, invid in missinginvnameswithids.iteritems(): c.write(invname + ',' + str(invid) + '\n') return missinginvnameswithids Which I then call like this: InventoryNumbers(invlist) With that explanation, now on to my question here. I want to expand the data in this output .csv file by adding in additional columns. The data for this would be drawn from another .csv file, a snippet of which would look like this: 100001,fruit,medium,12,red 100002,vegetable,medium,10,orange 100003,fruit,medium,14,green 100004,fruit,medium,12,yellow 100005,vegetable,small,10,red Note how this does not contain the item name (so I have to pull that from a different .csv file that just has the two columns of key and item name) but it does use the same keys. I am looking for a way to bring in this extra information so that my final .csv file will not just tell me the keys (which are item ids) and item names for the items I don't have in stock but it will also have columns for type, size, number, and color. One option I've looked at is the defaultdict piece from collections, but I'm not sure if this is the best way to go about what I want to do. If I did use this method I'm not sure exactly how I'd call it to achieve my desired result. If some other method would be easier I'm certainly willing to try that, too. How can I take my dict of keys and corresponding item names for items that I don't have in inventory and add to it this extra information in such a way that I could output it all to a .csv file? EDIT: As I typed this up it occurred to me that I might make things easier on myself by creating a new single .csv file that would have date in the form key,item name,type,size,number,color (basically just copying in the column for item name into the .csv that already has the other information for each key.) This way I would only need to draw from one .csv file rather than from two. Even if I did this, though, how would I go about making my desired .csv file based on only those keys for items not in inventory?

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  • Object for storing strings geted from prints

    - by evg
    class MyWriter: def __init__(self, stdout): self.stdout = stdout self.dumps = [] def write(self, text): self.stdout.write(smart_unicode(text).encode('cp1251')) self.dumps.append(text) def close(self): self.stdout.close() writer = MyWriter(sys.stdout) save = sys.stdout sys.stdout = writer I use self.dumps list to store geted data from prints. Is it exists more convinient object for storing string lines in memory? ideally i want dump it to one big string. I can get it like this "\n".join(self.dumps) from code above. Mb it's better to just concat strings - self.dumps += text ?

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  • Django - Expression based model constraints

    - by rtmie
    Is it possible to set an expression based constraint on a django model object, e.g. If I want to impose a constraint where an owner can have only one widget of a given type that is not in an expired state, but can have as many others as long as they are expired. Obviously I can do this by overriding the save method, but I am wondering if it can be done by setting constraints, e.g. some derivative of the unique_together constraint WIDGET_STATE_CHOICES = ( ('NEW', 'NEW'), ('ACTIVE', 'ACTIVE'), ('EXPIRED', 'EXPIRED') ) class MyWidget(models.Model): owner = models.CharField(max_length=64) widget_type = models.CharField(max_length = 10) widget_state = models.CharField(max_length = 10, choices = WIDGET_STATE_CHOICES) #I'd like to be able to do something like class Meta: unique_together = (("owner","widget_type","widget_state" != 'EXPIRED')

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  • Conditional CellRenderCombo in pyGTK TreeView

    - by Präriewolf
    I have a two column TreeView attached to a ListStore. Both columns are CellRenderCombo combo boxes. When the user selects an entry in the first box, I need to dynamically load a set of options in the second. For example, the behavior I want is: On row 0, the user selects "Alphabet" in the first column box. The second column box is populated with the letters "A-Z". On row 1, the user selects "Numbers" in the first column box. The second column box is populated with the numbers "0-9". On row 2, the user selects "Alphabet" in the first column box. The second column box is populated with the letters "A-Z". etc. Does anyone know how to do this, or seen any open source pygtk or gtk projects that have similar behavior which I can analyze?

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  • List filtering: list comprehension vs. lambda + filter

    - by Agos
    I happened to find myself having a basic filtering need: I have a list and I have to filter it by an attribute of the items. My code looked like this: list = [i for i in list if i.attribute == value] But then i thought, wouldn't it be better to write it like this? filter(lambda x: x.attribute == value, list) It's more readable, and if needed for performance the lambda could be taken out to gain something. Question is: are there any caveats in using the second way? Any performance difference? Am I missing the Pythonic Way™ entirely and should do it in yet another way (such as using itemgetter instead of the lambda)? Thanks in advance

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  • How do I attach event bindings to items on a canvas using Tkinter?

    - by Ian
    If I'm using a canvas to display data and I want the user to be able to click on various items on the canvas in order to get more information or interact with it in some way, whats the best way of going about this? Searching online I can find information about how to bind events to tags but that seems to be more indirect then what I want. I don't want to group items with tags, but rather have specific function calls when the user clicks specific items on the canvas.

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  • Django Find Out if User is Authenticated in Custom Tag

    - by greggory.hz
    I'm trying to create a custom tag. Inside this custom tag, I want to be able to have some logic that checks if the user is logged in, and then have the tag rendered accordingly. This is what I have: def user_actions(context): request = template.Variable('request').resolve(context) return { 'auth': request['user'].is_athenticated() } register.inclusion_tag('layout_elements/user_actions.html', takes_context=True)(user_actions) When I run this, I get this error: Caught VariableDoesNotExist while rendering: Failed lookup for key [request] in u'[{}]' The view that renders this ends like this: return render_to_response('start/home.html', {}, context_instance=RequestContext(request)) Why doesn't the tag get a RequestContext object instead of the Context object? How can I get the tag to receive the RequestContext instead of the Context? EDIT: Whether or not it's possible to get a RequestContext inside a custom tag, I'd still be interested to know the "correct" or best way to determine a user's authentication state from within the custom tag. If that's not possible, then perhaps that kind of logic belongs elsewhere? Where?

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  • How to use ';' in urls, using Google Appengine

    - by tonfa
    Using the local dev server, I can use ';' in urls, but as soon as I try the live version hosted by Google, it looks like the ';' and everything afterward is stripped (at least according to request.path_qs). (I would prefer not to encode them if possible, it's much less user friendly if the url cannot be constructed by copy-pasting, especially since other characters works fine, e.g. ':').

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  • Decorator that can take both init args and call args?

    - by digitala
    Is it possible to create a decorator which can be __init__'d with a set of arguments, then later have methods called with other arguments? For instance: from foo import MyDecorator bar = MyDecorator(debug=True) @bar.myfunc(a=100) def spam(): pass @bar.myotherfunc(x=False) def eggs(): pass If this is possible, can you provide a working example?

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  • django-avatar: cant save thumbnail

    - by Znack
    I'm use django-avatar app and can't make it to save thumbnails. The original image save normally in my media dir. Using the step execution showed that error occurred here image.save(thumb, settings.AVATAR_THUMB_FORMAT, quality=quality) I found this line in create_thumbnail: def create_thumbnail(self, size, quality=None): # invalidate the cache of the thumbnail with the given size first invalidate_cache(self.user, size) try: orig = self.avatar.storage.open(self.avatar.name, 'rb') image = Image.open(orig) quality = quality or settings.AVATAR_THUMB_QUALITY w, h = image.size if w != size or h != size: if w > h: diff = int((w - h) / 2) image = image.crop((diff, 0, w - diff, h)) else: diff = int((h - w) / 2) image = image.crop((0, diff, w, h - diff)) if image.mode != "RGB": image = image.convert("RGB") image = image.resize((size, size), settings.AVATAR_RESIZE_METHOD) thumb = six.BytesIO() image.save(thumb, settings.AVATAR_THUMB_FORMAT, quality=quality) thumb_file = ContentFile(thumb.getvalue()) else: thumb_file = File(orig) thumb = self.avatar.storage.save(self.avatar_name(size), thumb_file) except IOError: return # What should we do here? Render a "sorry, didn't work" img? maybe all I need is just some library? Thanks

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  • Using adaptive step sizes with scipy.integrate.ode

    - by Mike
    The (brief) documentation for scipy.integrate.ode says that two methods (dopri5 and dop853) have stepsize control and dense output. Looking at the examples and the code itself, I can only see a very simple way to get output from an integrator. Namely, it looks like you just step the integrator forward by some fixed dt, get the function value(s) at that time, and repeat. My problem has pretty variable timescales, so I'd like to just get the values at whatever time steps it needs to evaluate to achieve the required tolerances. That is, early on, things are changing slowly, so the output time steps can be big. But as things get interesting, the output time steps have to be smaller. I don't actually want dense output at equal intervals, I just want the time steps the adaptive function uses.

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  • Launch an SWF full screen

    - by Geoff
    I have a swf file (a flash game). I want to run some script to open it in full-screen mode. I'm not attached to any browser, but I do run Linux, so a bash, or generic answer is what I'm looking for. I'm also open to building a lite browser application if need-be.

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  • Problem with validating ModelForm

    - by user561640
    I use ModelForm to create my form. All works fine except 1 thing - validating the unique field. Code: class Article(models.Model): ... title = models.CharField(max_length=255, unique=True, error_messages={'max_length' : 'max translation', 'unique' : 'unique translation', 'required' : 'req translation',}) ... class ArticleForm(ModelForm): ... title = forms.CharField(max_length=255, min_length=3, error_messages={'required' : 'req translation', 'min_length' : 'min translation', 'max_length' : 'max translation', 'unique' : 'unique translation',}) But when I save my form with non-unique title I don't get my custom translated error but I get default error. How to fix it, that my unique field error is displayed?

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