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• Is it possible to change an "Unidentified Network" into a "Home" or "Work" network on Windows 7

  - by Rhys

  I have a problem with Windows 7 RC (7100). I frequently use a crossover network cable on WinXP with static IP addresses to connect to various industrial devices (e.g. robots, pumps, valves or even other Windows PCs) that have Ethernet network ports. When I do this on Windows 7, the network connection is classed as an "Unidentified Network" in Networks and Sharing Center and the public firewall profile is enforced by Windows. I do not want to change the public profile and would prefer to use the Home or Work profile instead. For other networks like Home and Work I'm able to click on them and change the classification. This is not available for unidentified networks. My questions are these:- Is there a way to manual override the "Unidentified Network" classification? What tests are performed on the network that fail, therefore classifying it as an "Unidentified Network" By googling (hitting mainly vista issues) it seems that you need to ensure that the default gateway is not 0.0.0.0. I've done this. I've also tried to remove IPv6 but this does not seem possible on Windows 7.

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• SUSE Linux and Xen on Mac Pro - How best to prepare and configure?

  - by Andrew J. Brehm

  This is a longwinded question, so bear with me please. I have a 2009 Mac Pro with two CPUs and 8 GB of memory which is totally overpowered for Mac OS X. I am also in the process of slowly moving away from Mac OS X as my main platform. Since the Mac Pro is really new and nice I have finally decided to use it for another platform. I am familiar with Linux and SUSE Linux. Ultimately I want to run some version of SUSE Linux (recommend one, doesn't have to be free as in no money) and Xen. Here are the individual questions: Which version of SUSE Linux should I use and how do I install it on a Mac Pro? Note that the distribution must come with usable Xen. I am willing to pay. I assume Xen will work on my computer (it has VT support etc.). Is my assumption correct? I want to run Windows 7 and another instance of SUSE Linux under Xen. Is it possible to run Mac OS X Server under Xen (on a Mac Pro)? Which email client under Linux supports imap is is best-suited for integrating with MobileMe? Does SUSE Linux support the ATI Radeon HD 4870 and the Apple Cinema Display 1920 x 1200 resolution? What else should I take into account?

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• Preferred mail system/server for a company?

  - by Trevoke

  Say you are responsible for setting up an email solution at a company. Which would be your choice? I know of the following options, but many of them not well: Gordano Mail System Exchange Exim Postfix Qmail Zimbra For having used it a little over two years, I really, really like Gordano Mail System. They offer a whole bunch of things, like calendaring, anti-spam, anti-virus, extremely complete and filterable logging options, aliases, a customizable webmail interface... And their software can be installed on both a Windows or Linux OS. In addition, their support is top-notch, their knowledgebase comprehensive (and, I will admit with a touch of pride, I have contributed, with my questions, to the addition of a few articles in there). Of course, they're not free, which can be a problem, but they're not Exchange, and they do offer pretty much everything that Exchange offers -- which is great if you want to stay away from that, but need all the features. Although, if you need a Blackberry Exchange Server, or something similar, I'm not sure what you should go for. So.. What would your choice be? Why? I've never played with a more DIY email solution, but I'm sure many people here have and wouldn't trade their setup for the world :)

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• Is there a screen sharing/remote desktop app for mac that lets you use a different host screen resolution?

  - by MarqueIV

  Ok, there are tons and tons of questions about remote desktop for mac and they're all being closed as duplicates. I however am specifically looking for one that will let me use a different resolution than the host, the way you can with Remote Desktop for Windows. For instance, when I connect to my 11" Macbook Air booted into Windows7 from my quad-screen desktop, also booted into Win7 using Microsoft's Remote Desktop Client, it blanks out the screen on the notebook, then virtualizes the video across all four of my desktop's monitors at their native resolutions (2560x1600, 2 x 1920x1200 and 1600x1200) and the notebook now acts as if it has four physical monitors connected to it. All of this from a notebook that only has a 1366 x 768 native resolution. Even when running OS X on the client running RDC, while it doesn't support multi-monitors like its Win counterpart, it still lets me run at the native resolution of the client screen of 2560x1600. Again, it just blanks out the host screen while doing so. However when using Mac's screen sharing, since that is just glorified VNC, it just mirrors what's already on the host's screen, meaning it will always be a single screen with the resolution of 1366x768. This of course makes sense since VNC is a mirroring solution, not a video-virtualizing one like RDC, but it means that on my quad-monitor setup, the remote window isn't even large enough to fill up a single monitor, let alone four (unless you have a client that can scale it up, but that's video scaling. It's still only 1366x768.) So what I'm looking for is if there is a solution on the Mac that lets me do the same thing as RDC in a Win environment. Don't care if I have to pay. I'd gladly pay several hundred dollars for this. I just need that specific feature. Note: People have suggested various VNC clients, but the VNC host still runs at 1366x768 so that will not work here. Ever. Also, people have suggested Synergy/Synergy+/Teleport and such which share the keyboard and mouse, not video. Completely different animal unrelated to what I'm looking for.

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• FTP issues with Windows 2003 box and Filezilla

  - by vanhornRF

  We've set up a Windows 2003 server with IIS 6 and the FTP is Filezilla. I'm not a sys admin by any means and neither is my other developer. I'm trying to connect to FTP on a Mac with a Cyberduck FTP client. I'm running OSX 10.6.3. The problem is that I can connect to the FTP address, but when I do it will hang for a minute or two trying to list the directories. This address is pointed to the webroot folder so it's only trying to list the pertinent folders for the site we're working on. Eventually after a minute or two it will go through and list everything and then if you try and open a file or another folder, it will hang again and then eventually list the folders. My question: Is there some stupid default setting we're missing? Is this a common occurrence? Like I said I'm not a sys admin at all and I'm sure I'm missing some valuable questions for anyone that reads this, so please fire away if you can help and you need more info, I'll do my best to provide it. Thanks!

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• SVN, Samba and Symbolic Links. How to get them all to play together?

  - by Camsoft

  I've got a website project under version control that relies on files from an unversioned directory on the same server via Symbolic Links. I'm currently storing the symbolic links in the repository. The idea is that if someone checks out a working copy on to the same server they can edit and test the working copy of the project before committing it back to the repository. When they checkout their working copy it successfully sets up the symlinks so that the entire site works when testing. The users that work on the project are Windows users, so I've set a samba shares on the server and then mapped them to network drives in Windows. People can edit their working copies directly on the server via network shares and then test them in the web browser before committing their changes back to the repository via TortoiseSVN. The Problem The problem I have is that Samba resolves the symlinks as expected but when a user tries to commit their changes back to the repository, TortoiseSVN thinks the linked files are part of the project and tries to commit the target files to the repository and not the symlinks themselves. I tried turning off symlink support in samba which means that the linked files cannot be resolved as I don't really want people to have access to the linked files nor do I want to import the linked files in the repository. The problem with this is that I get Can't stat '\webserver\projects\working\project\symlinked_file.php'. Access is denied Apart from the symlink problem everything else works 100% perfectly. Users can either checkout website projects to their machine and work on them (but can't test) or checkout them out to their space on the dev web server and work on them and fully test. So I don't want to change the workflow process, I just need a solution to the symbolic link issue. Many thanks. Originally posted on StackOverflow: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2400917/svn-samba-and-symbolic-links-how-to-get-them-all-to-play-together

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• correct file permissions for trac and git user to access gitolite server repos

  - by klemens

  hi, sounds like a stupid questions (to me), but i couldn't find any info. on my server i host some git repositories via gitolite, and have a trac for every repository. i have a user called git to push/pull from server (git clone git@server:repo). and trac is a apache vhost with mod_wsgi. this runs with the www-data user. so what riddles me (maybe because I have not much of a clue about file-permissions at all) is whats the best permissions setup (chown, chmod) for the git repositories (/home/git/repositories/...). www-data (or trac) needs to at least read permissions (i think). and git (or gitolite) needs obviously read/write permissions to push changesets. i tried a little bit around (i.e. adding www-data and/or git to the www-data/git group), but didn't got it right. at least one of the two don't work (git or trac). any suggestions are highly appreciated. regard, klemens

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• VGA to S-Video/Video converter showing mashed up picture.

  - by Matthijs Wessels

  Earlier I asked this question: *http://superuser.com/questions/132374/does-the-lenovo-t60p-vga-port-support-an-s-video-signal As a result I acquired the following item: http://cgi.ebay.nl/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItem&item=250588098582&ssPageName=ADME:B:EOIBSA:NL:1123 Yea I'm a cheapass... Anyway, it just arrived and now I am trying to get it to work... The manual is not very informative other than telling me, this is the vga in, this is the vga out, this is the s/video out etc. Plus it tells me the system should support the following resolutions@refresh rate: 640x480@60/72/75Hz 800x600@60/75Hz 1024x768@60Hz I can connect it to my laptop and then I connect the S/Video and the Video to my tv which only gives me a blurred image (like when you set your monitor to a resolution it doesn't support). The VGA out however works fine to my tft monitor. The are two switches on the converter. I think one switches between s/video and video and the other between PAL and NTSC. But alas, no combination seems to give a better picture (it does give a different picture). Can anyone help me to solve this problem? I have downloaded this program called powerstrip, but I have no idea how to use it and if it can even solve my problem... Thanks in advance. I use Windows XP on a Lenovo t60p and I try to connect it to a Philips 32PFL7403D/12 LCD TV from VGA to a converter to S-video or video.

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• SSD/HDD not exceeding 120 MB/s

  - by skiwi

  SO here is the situation: First this was my old PC, it had a 2x 1TB RAID 0 and a Corsair Force 3 SSD in it. This were the old speeds, measured by HDTune Pro. 2x 1TB RAID 0: Corsair Force 3 SSD Then my dad got my PC and we had several issues, in the end turned out both RAID and SSD controller were malfunctioning causing BlueScreens on 100% load. Removed the RAID 0, but leaving the HDD's intact and bought an Samsung 840 EVO 120GB, though the Corsair SSD is still in the system, just not as sytem disk anymore. 1TB HDD (one of them): Corsair SSD: Samsung SSD: We did not assemble the PC ourselves, so answering some technical questions might be more difficult, though we will do our best. First thing we noticed is that the Samsung 840 EVO is no where reaching it's advertised speed, even an Samsung 840 250GB (non-EVO) is reaching 350 MB/s in my own PC. Then we noticed that both SSD's are capped at 120 MB/s exactly, not sure if this is being caused by HDTune Pro, but very unlikely. And even worse, the Corsair Forza 3 was running faster before the system got reassembled. Does anyone have any clue what is going on?

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• Setting the default permissions for files uploaded via FTP to a directory

  - by Kerri

  Disclaimer: I'm just a web designer/coder, and server admin stuff is my weakest point of them all. So be easy on me (and very specific). I'm using a simple CMS (Unify) on a site, where part of the functionality is that the client can upload files to a specified directory (using FTP). The permissions for the upload directory are set to 755. But when files are uploaded through the interface, they are uploaded with permissions set to 640 (instead of 644), so site visitors cannot acces the files. When I emailed the CMS's support about this, they told me that it was a server setting, and I need to make sure that files uploaded through FTP are set to 644. Makes perfect sense, but I have no idea how to do this. Any help would be greatly appreciated. This site is a shared site hosted by Network Solutions (Unix), so my access options are limited. I can edit .htaccess files, and php.ini, but that's about all I have access to. It appears I can't even log on via shell. ETA: 11/11/2010 Thanks all. I was able to work around this problem by setting up the CMS's settings in a different way. I'd be interested in following up on Nick O'Niel's suggestions, because I think he's on the right track, but unfortunately I can't access the necessary files on this particular server. So, anyway, I'm leaving this open, since the original questions isn't exactly resolved. Unfortunately, I probably can't put a correct answer to the test, since the shared server in question has nearly all of its config files tightly locked down.

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• There are currently no logon servers available

  - by Ian Robinson

  I am running a Windows 7 laptop that is joined to my company's domain. When I installed Windows 7, I created an account for myself, joined to the domain, and it had been working quite well even though I'm physically remote most of the time, and not actually on the network. However, today I created a new local user account (non-admin) for my little brother. While he was using it, he decided he wanted to install a program, because his account is not an admin, he was prompted to enter Administrator credentials to allow the program to make changes to his computer. I entered my credentials, and this is the first time I ran into the error message: There are currently no logon servers available to service the logon request. I tried logging off and loggin back in, rebooting, etc etc, and no matter what, every time I try to authenticate as my "normal" domain account - I get that message. I can no longer access my computer as an administrator. I no longer know how to log in to my machine using any other account aside from my little brother's non-admin account. I don't have any other local accounts created, and the default local admin account was never enabled. I'd appreciate any ideas on how I can recover access to my account. Let me know if I can provide any more information. FYI - This is a similar question but not sure any of the answers help me in my case. http://serverfault.com/questions/71632/there-are-currently-no-logon-servers-available-to-service-the-logon-request

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• What kinds of protections against viruses does Linux provide out of the box for the average user?

  - by ChocoDeveloper

  I know others have asked this, but I have other questions related to this. In particular, I'm concerned about the damage that the virus can do the user itself (his files), not the OS in general nor other users of the same machine. This question came to my mind because of that ransomware virus that is encrypting machines all over the world, and then asking the user to send a payment in Bitcoin if he wants to recover his files. I have already received and opened the email that is supposed to contain the virus, so I guess I didn't do that bad because nothing happened. But would I have survived if I opened the attachment and it was aimed at Linux users? I guess not. One of the advantages is that files are not executable by default right after downloading them. Is that just a bad default in Windows and could be fixed with a proper configuration? As a Linux user, I thought my machine was pretty secure by default, and I was even told that I shouldn't bother installing an antivirus. But I have read some people saying that the most important (or only?) difference is that Linux is just less popular, so almost no one writes viruses for it. Is that right? What else can I do to be safe from this kind of ransomware virus? Not automatically executing random files from unknown sources seems to be more than enough, but is it? I can't think of many other things a user can do to protect his own files (not the OS, not other users), because he has full permissions on them.

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• How do you recreate the System Recovery environment in Windows 7?

  - by Howiecamp

  I'm running Windows 7 Home Premium RTM (64-bit) and I want to take advantage of the system recovery tools (eg the Command Prompt) without using the Windows 7 DVD. My understanding is that this environment (WinRE) should be installed to your HDD by default as part of the Windows 7 installation. However, when I hit F8 on boot and select "Repair", I get: Windows failed to start. A recent hardware or software change might be the cause. To fix the problem... Status: 0xc000000e Info: The boot selection failed because a required device is inaccessible. The "Info" line seems like the smoking gun. My next step was to boot from the Windows 7 DVD, and choose "Repair". It indicated my Recovery Environment wasn't on the Windows 7 boot menu (perfect) and offered to fix it. I said yes and rebooted, however same issue as above. In addition, when I booted in to Windows 7 and I looked at the boot menu options, the recovery/repair option was not there. Only my Windows installation. Finally, I ran the Disk Management tool (diskmgmt.msc) and took a look at the contents of my "System Reserved" partition (which was set to "Active" as normal). It's unclear to me what the contents should look like, however it is my understanding that the WinRE environment gets installed to this partition. (As part of the above troubleshooting I followed http://superuser.com/questions/25728/how-to-fix-windows-7-boot-process which lead to http://www.sevenforums.com/tutorials/668-system-recovery-options.html).

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• Move the uploads folder in Wordpress

  - by Victor Hurdugaci

  Currently, my Wordpress' upload folder is located in \wp-content\uploads. Initially there was no structure so all files were put there. After a while it was changed to upload the files in \wp-content\uploads\YEAR\MONTH. Now that folder contains a mix of files (those starting with + are folders) like: +wp-content | +2010 | | +02 | | | File-1 | | | File-2 | | | .. | | | File-n | | +01 | | | File-1 | | | File-2 | | | .. | | | File-n | +2009 | | +12 | | | File-1 | | | File-2 | | | .. | | | File-n | | +11 | | | File-1 | | | File-2 | | | .. | | | File-n | +.. | | | .. | Unstructured-file-1 | Unstructured-file-2 | ... | Unstructured-file-n Based on the dates of the unstructured files, I would like to move them in a structured hierarchy (based on date, move it to a folder \wp-content\uploads\YEAR\MONTH). Now, my questions are: Where do I write and execute a script to the movement (I don't have full access to the server, just to a cPanel and to the Wordpress Admin page)? What must be updated so that the links in posts, that reference the unstructured files, point to the new location of those files? Not fully related to the previous description: is it alright to move the whole uploads folder to another location, like \uploads? PS: Moving the files/updating the database manually is not an option :)

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• Setting up MySQL Linux slave with a Windows master

  - by philwilks

  I'm running a MySQL 5.0 database server on Windows Server 2008. The total size of the database is about 1Gb. I make daily backups, but I'd like to step up to having a slave server for extra protection. My thinking was that I wouldn't need the expense of a Windows machine to do this, and a Linux "cloud server" from RackSpace would do the job well for quite a low cost. However I have little experience with Linux, so I have a few questions... Does this sound like a good idea? Is there anything wrong with linking Windows and Linux MySQL servers? Does Linux have the equivalent of Remote Desktop Connection? If so can I use this from a Windows machine? Would a particular Linux distro be well suited to this task? RackSpace offer ArchLinux, CentOS, Debian, Fedora and Ubuntu. My immediate thinking is to go with Ubuntu as I've heard it's more friendly for people coming from a Windows background. Any comments you have would be very appreciated! Phil

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• outlook security alert after adding a second wireless access point to the network

  - by Mark

  Just added a Netgear WG103 Wireless Access Point in our conference room to allow visitors to access the internet through out internal network. When switched on visitors can connect to the intenet and everything works fine. Except, when the Access Point is switched on, normal users of the network get a Security Alert when they try to start Outlook 2007. The Security Alert is the same as the one shown in question 148526 asked by desiny back in June 2010 (http://serverfault.com/questions/148526/outlook-security-alert-following-exchange-2007-upgrade-to-sp2) rather than "autodiscover.ad.unc.edu" my security alert references our "Remote.server.org.uk". If I view the certificate it relates to "Netgear HTTPS:....", but the only Netgear equipment we have is the new Access Point installed in the conference room. If the Access Point is not switched on we do not get the Security Alert. At first I thought it was because we had selected "WPA-PSK & WPA2-PSK" Network Authentication Type but it continues to occur even if we opt for "Shared Key" WEP Data Encryption. I do not understand why adding a Netgear Wireless Access point would cause Outlook to issue a Security Alert when users try to read their email. Does anyone know what I have to do to get rid of the Security Alert? Thanks in advance for reading this and helping me out.

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• Online computer not responding to pings

  - by mastercork889

  I was doing a bit of scanning on my network lately, knew all the hostnames to each computer connected. But whilst pinging one of them ping returned Request timed out.. This is strange as I know the computer is online and that the computer responds correctly to pinging on a different (enterprise) network. Is there something on the computer, my network, or my computer that is bugging with this? - That's just a sub-question, I don't expect this to be the main answer. The real question: Why does this happen? Why does pinging the IP4 address not work? EDIT : Pinging the Hostname used to default to the IP4 address, but now it defaults to the IP6 address. Why does this happen? But now that it pings using IP6, how come it all of a sudden works? > ping -6 THE_COMPUTER Pinging THE_COMPUTER [lengthy IP6 address] with 32 bytes of data: Reply from [lengthy IP6 address]: time=1ms Reply from [lengthy IP6 address]: time=1ms Reply from [lengthy IP6 address]: time=1ms Reply from [lengthy IP6 address]: time=1ms Ping stats: Sent = 4, Recieved = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss) But when this is done using IP4 it doesn't work. So there are now two questions: How come IP6 works and not IP4? Why does IP4 not work?

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• Moving my OpenID from Livejournal to... something else.

  - by T-Boy

  I've actually been an early user of OpenID, although there are still some questions that I've had with OpenID that I've never really had satisfactorily answered. Now, I understand that if I have full control over my domain, I can set it up so that I can delegate the task of authenticating to another OpenID service provider. The problem is, what I'd like to do is to get the Livejournal server to pass the authentication to someone else, instead of having LJ doing it. Preferably what I'd like to do is get Livejournal, when asked by a authenticating provider, say, "No, I don't do it anymore -- go to this address". The plan was that this address would then be in a domain I fully control, which then would pass it on to whichever service provider I choose. I don't even know if I've gotten my understanding of OpenID right, if all this shenanigans are necessary, if my question makes sense, or if it's even possible with a service provider like Livejournal. (tried tagging this with livejournal, and it told me I couldn't, because I don't have enough reputation. Oh well; one must start somewhere. Sorry for the inconvenience!)

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• Filesystem fragmentation on the level of set of files

  - by trismarck

  The file is stored in blocks by the file system. The block is the smallest amount of data the file system can assign to store a file. The classical definition of a fragmented file is that the file is stored in blocks that are 'scattered' (that are physically non-contiguous) around the hard drive. What I want to ask about is this second type of fragmentation I've came up with. Lets suppose we install a program. This program has very many files. When the program starts, the program always loads the contents of those files sequentially. Now, even if the hard disk is defragmented, there is still a possibility that the files (but not the blocks building up to files) will be scattered on the disk and thus the program launch time will be longer. Actually, this time could be longer due to defragmentation of the disk, as the defragmentation process not only glues fragmented files but also moves some files to optimize free space chunks. The questions: is the type of fragmentation I mentioned relevant for the file system? is it possible to remedy this kind of fragmentation and if yes, how would you do it? Also, I'm not sure if this question should belong to superuser or to serverfault (as I guess the filesystem fragmentation is more important in the server environment).

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• BizTalk/MQ - DCOM was unable to communicate with the computer xxx using any of the configured protocols

  - by NealWalters

  I've read the other questions on this same error, but don't see a close match to this scenario. We got 18 of these last night between 12:17:13 and 12:39:37 on Win 2008/R2. It caused us to lose connectivity between BizTalk 2010 and WebSphere MQ machine. All our BizTalk machines (Prod, QA, Train, etc...) got the messages at the roughly same time and in the same quantity (about 18 of them). Computer xxx is the WebSphere MQ machine. What could cause this in the middle of the night? The servers are configured and running in Prod for a couple of years. There is no Win Firewall running, and servers are practically on the same rack. Could a run-away or 100% utilized CPU on the WebSphere MQ cause this issue? What else could cause it? BizTalk did NOT auto-recover from this situation. The above was followed by thousands of this message in the BizTalk event logs: The adapter "MQSeries" raised an error message. Details "Error encountered on Queue.Get Queue name = MyQManager/MyQueueName Reason code = 2354.". We restated BizTalk host instances, and it did not come back right away. It seemed we had to stop host instances for about two minutes, then start them.

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• Django apache + mod_wsgi with virtualenv

  - by ArgsKwargs

  I have some questions running multiple Django sites on a VPS I have a server that uses openPanel to automatically create VirtualHosts within apache2. My ideal situation is that I would have multiple virtualenvs with different dependencies installed so the python dist-packages directory isn't contaminated for different Django sites. For example: /home/user/virtualenv1 /home/user/virtualenv2 My django applications reside at /var/www, so For example: /var/www/djangosite1 /var/www/djangosite2 Now I've read upon openPanel docs and figured out the best thing todo is create a django.conf file inside the mydomain.com.inc folder, which looks something like: /etc/apache2/openpanel.d/mydomain.com.inc/django.conf DocumentRoot /var/www/djangosite1/project WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/djangosite1/project/wsgi.py WSGIDaemonProcess mydomain python-path=/home/user/virtualenv1/lib/python2.6/site-packages <Directory /var/www/djangosite1/project> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> Alias /static /var/www/djangosite1/project/static-root Now my problem is that this setup seems unable to find the virtualenv site-packages thus not recognizing any dependencies available in the given virtualenv Also, commenting out this line doesn't seem to break or change a thing: WSGIDaemonProcess mydomain python-path=/home/user/virtualenv1/lib/python2.6/site-packages For example: > service apache2 start ImportError: No module named South When I install South outside the virtualenv everything works

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• Setting up VPN with Snow Leopard Server and Linksys router

  - by SueP

  I'd like to get VPN going so I can log in to the office securely from home. I'm using Snow Leopard machines everywhere, and currently have Airport Extremes set up at home and at the office. I have a mac mini with Snow Leopard Server that I'm going to move to the office to act as my server. I just bought a Linksys 4-port router because it says it does VPN (model RVS4000). My problem is, I don't have a clue how to set this thing up, and the more reading I do, the more confused I get. Do I need two of these routers, one at each end? My laptop and iPad claim they can do VPN, so I was assuming I only needed one VPN router? At this point, I literally don't know what questions to ask, or where to plug this thing in. Presumably, between the modem and the airport, but...? If somebody can walk me thru some really basic setup, I'd be very grateful. Right now, I feel like going outside and screaming for a while. But that might attract the local cougar, and after the prints I saw on the arena this afternoon, I don't want to draw its attention. :-)

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• Multiple *NIX Accounts with Identical UID

  - by Tim

  I am curious whether there is a standard expected behavior and whether it is considered bad practice when creating more than one account on Linux/Unix that have the same UID. I've done some testing on RHEL5 with this and it behaved as I expected, but I don't know if I'm tempting fate using this trick. As an example, let's say I have two accounts with the same IDs: a1:$1$4zIl1:5000:5000::/home/a1:/bin/bash a2:$1$bmh92:5000:5000::/home/a2:/bin/bash What this means is: I can log in to each account using its own password. Files I create will have the same UID. Tools such as "ls -l" will list the UID as the first entry in the file (a1 in this case). I avoid any permissions or ownership problems between the two accounts because they are really the same user. I get login auditing for each account, so I have better granularity into tracking what is happening on the system. So my questions are: Is this ability designed or is it just the way it happens to work? Is this going to be consistent across *nix variants? Is this accepted practice? Are there unintended consequences to this practice? Note, the idea here is to use this for system accounts and not normal user accounts.

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• What file transfer protocols can be used for PXE booting besides TFTP?

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  According to ISC's dhcpd manpage: The filename statement filename "filename"; The filename statement can be used to specify the name of the initial boot file which is to be loaded by a client. The filename should be a filename recognizable to whatever file transfer protocol the client can be expected to use to load the file. My questions are: What file transfer protocols, besides tftp, are available to load the file (e.g. What protocols "can be expected to" load the file)? How can I tell? Can I see a list of these protocols? Does my choice of DHCP server influence which file transfer protocols are in use? Pretend I want to use dnsmasq instead of ISC's dhcpd Are these features dependent on the PXE which is in use (e.g. My Intel NICs use an Intel ROM)? I know that some PXE-variants, such as iPXE/gPXE/Etherboot, can also load files over HTTP. However, the PXE rom needs to be replaced with the iPXE image, either by chainloading or by burning the PXE rom onto the NIC. For example, the iPXE Howto "Using ISC dhcpd" says: ISC dhcpd is configured using the file /etc/dhcpd.conf. You can instruct iPXE to boot using the filename directive: filename "pxelinux.0"; or filename "http://boot.ipxe.org/demo/boot.php";

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• Insufficient channel capacity of 1GBit

  - by Roman S

  There is a Caching Server (Varnish): it receives data from Amazon S3 on request, saves it for some time and gives it to the client. We have encountered the problem of insufficient channel capacity of 1GBit. Peak load within 4 hours completely chokes the channel. Server performance is sufficient for now. Approximately 4.5TB of data are transmitted per day. More than 100TB are accumulated per month. The first thought that comes to mind is simply to add one more 1GBit port and sleep peacefully until 2GBit are not enough (it may happen quite quickly) or one server is not able to handle it. And then we just need to add new Caching Servers. But now we need a Load Balancer, which will send requests on one and the same URL, always on one and the same server (to avoid multiple copies of the same cached objects). Here are the questions: Does a Balancer need a band equal to sum of all bands of Caching Servers? What shall we do in case there are no ports in a Balancer? Should we add more Balancers or solve the problem by means of Round robin DNS? What are the standard approaches to such problems? Can anyone advise hosting-companies, which can solve this problem? We are interested in American and European markets.

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