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• Bidirectional real-time sync of large file tree between two distant linux servers

  - by dlo

  By large file tree I mean about 200k files, and growing all the time. A relatively small number of files are being changed in any given hour though. By bidirectional I mean that changes may occur on either server and need to be pushed to the other, so rsync doesn't seem appropriate. By distant I mean that the servers are both in data centers, but geographically remote from each other. Currently there are only 2 servers, but that may expand over time. By real-time, it's ok for there to be a little latency between syncing, but running a cron every 1-2 minutes doesn't seem right, since a very small fraction of files may change in any given hour, let alone minute. EDIT: This is running on VPS's so I might be limited on the kinds of kernel-level stuff I can do. Also, the VPS's are not resource-rich, so I'd shy away from solutions that require lots of ram (like Gluster?). What's the best / most "accepted" approach to get this done? This seems like it would be a common need, but I haven't been able to find a generally accepted approach yet, which was surprising. (I'm seeking the safety of the masses. :) I've come across lsyncd to trigger a sync at the filesystem change level. That seems clever though not super common, and I'm a bit confused by the various lsyncd approaches. There's just using lsyncd with rsync, but it seems this could be fragile for bidirectionality since rsync doesn't have a notion of memory (eg- to know whether a deleted file on A should be deleted on B or whether it's a new file on B that should be copied to A). lipsync appears to be just a lsyncd+rsync implementation, right? Then there's using lsyncd with csync2, like this: http://www.axivo.com/community/threads/lightning-fast-synchronization-with-csync2-and-lsyncd.121/ ... I'm leaning towards this approach, but csync2 is a little quirky, though I did do a successful test of it. I'm mostly concerned that I haven't been able to find a lot of community confirmation of this method. People on here seem to like Unison a lot, but it seems that it is no longer under active development and it's not clear that it has an automatic trigger like lsyncd. I've seen Gluster mentioned, but maybe overkill for what I need? UPDATE: fyi- I ended up going with the original solution I mentioned: lsyncd+csync2. It seems to work quite well, and I like the architectural approach of having the servers be very loosely joined, so that each server can operate indefinitely on its own regardless of the link quality between them.

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• Iptables config breaks Java + Elastic Search communication

  - by Agustin Lopez

  I am trying to set up a firewall for a server hosting a java app and ES. Both are on the same server and communicate to each other. The problem I am having is that my firewall configuration prevents java from connecting to ES. Not sure why really.... I have tried lot of stuff like opening the port range 9200:9400 to the server ip without any luck but from what I know all communication inside the server should be allowed with this configuration. The idea is that ES should not be accessible from outside but it should be accessible from this java app and ES uses the port range 9200:9400. This is my iptables script: echo -e Deleting rules for INPUT chain iptables -F INPUT echo -e Deleting rules for OUTPUT chain iptables -F OUTPUT echo -e Deleting rules for FORWARD chain iptables -F FORWARD echo -e Setting by default the drop policy on each chain iptables -P INPUT DROP iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables -P FORWARD DROP echo -e Open all ports from/to localhost iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT echo -e Open SSH port 22 with brute force security iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW -m recent --set --name SSH --rsource iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -m recent --rcheck --seconds 30 --hitcount 4 --rttl --name SSH --rsource -j REJECT --reject-with tcp-reset iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -m recent --rcheck --seconds 30 --hitcount 3 --rttl --name SSH --rsource -j LOG --log-prefix "SSH brute force " iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -m recent --update --seconds 30 --hitcount 3 --rttl --name SSH --rsource -j REJECT --reject-with tcp-reset iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT echo -e Open NGINX port 80 iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT echo -e Open NGINX SSL port 443 iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT echo -e Enable DNS iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --sport 53 --dport 1024:65535 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --sport 53 --dport 1024:65535 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT And I get this in the java app when this config is in place: org.elasticsearch.cluster.block.ClusterBlockException: blocked by: [SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE/1/state not recovered / initialized];[SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE/2/no master]; at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:292) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1185) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:537) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:475) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:304) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:228) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:300) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:195) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:700) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:760) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:482) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:403) Do any of you see any problem with this configuration and ES? Thanks in advance

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• Local, Multiple-Blog (ie Dashboard) Blogging Software as Alternative to Blogger [closed]

  - by Synetech inc.

  FOR RE-OPENING: I don’t see how it is “too localized”. Plenty of people like to run their own web-apps instead of relying on third-party services. If that were not true, then WordPress, phpBB, Apache, PHP, etc. would not be available for general use. As for “Internet audience at large”, I must have missed the part where it was a rule that you are only allowed to ask for help for things that applies to everyone else too; I thought you were allowed to ask for help. Besides, if someone knows of software that fulfills the question, then it is relevant to whomever would download it, and so is not only applicable to an “extraordinarily narrow situation”. (Besides, the reason that I was asking was because Google had announced that it was discontinuing FTP support for Blogger and so many people were affected—read NOT TOO LOCALIZED—and were trying to find alternatives.) Hi, I am trying to find software (for Windows, PHP, MySQL/SQLite/flat, free, open-source) to localize all of my software and service so that I can keep my files and host when needed from my own system instead of some remote computer. I’ve already selected things like web, FTP, and db servers. I’ve chosen forum and wiki software, as well as an RCS system. At this point, all I’m still looking for—actually, I still need to choose bug-tracking software, but besides that—is blogging software. I still use Blogger and am trying to find something that I can use to import my Blogger stuff and store on (and publish to) my home system. I have read of various blogging software including WordPress, MovableType, and TextPattern. The problem is that I am trying to find something that is like Blogger (which from what I can tell is not available on Google Code as open-source). What I specifically need is multiple-blog support. That is, multiple blogs ala the Blogger Dashboard, not multiple user accounts (although that is important as well). The closest thing that I have been able to find is using Wordpress categories to simulate multiple blogs, but that’s not really what I want. I want software that I can run locally that has a multi-blog dashboard like Blogger. Any ideas? Thanks a lot!

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• How to deny the web access to some files?

  - by Strae

  I need to do an operation a bit strange. First, i run on Debian, apache2 (which 'runs' as user www-data) So, I have simple text file with .txt ot .ini, or whatever extension, doesnt matter. These files are located in subfolders with a structure like this: www.example.com/folder1/car/foobar.txt www.example.com/folder1/cycle/foobar.txt www.example.com/folder1/fish/foobar.txt www.example.com/folder1/fruit/foobar.txt therefore, the file name always the same, ditto for the 'hierarchy', just change the name of the folder: /folder-name-static/folder-name-dinamyc/file-name-static.txt What I should do is (I think) relatively simple: I must be able to read that file by programs on the server (python, php for example), but if I try to retrieve the file contents by broswer (digiting the url www.example.com/folder1/car/foobar.txt, or via cUrl, etc..) I must get a forbidden error, or whatever, but not access the file. It would also be nice that even accessing those files via FTP are 'hidden', or anyway couldnt be downloaded (at least that I use with the ftp root and user data) How can I do? I found this online, be put in the file .htaccess: <Files File.txt> Order allow, deny Deny from all </ Files> It seems to work, but only if the file is in the web root (www.example.com / myfile.txt), and not in subfolders. Moreover, the folders in the second level (www.example.com/folder1/fruit/foobar.txt) will be dinamycally created.. I would like to avoid having to change .htaccess file from time to time. It is possible to create a rule, something like that, that goes for all files with given name, which is on www.example.com/folder-name-static/folder-name-dinamyc/file-name-static.txt, where those parts are allways the same, just that one change ? EDIT: As Dave Drager said, i could semplify this keeping those file outside the web accessible directory. But those directory's will contain others files too, images, and stuff used by my users, so i'm simply try to not have a duplicate folders system, like: /var/www/vhosts/example.com/httpdocs/folder1/car/[other folders and files here] /var/www/vhosts/example.com/httpdocs/folder1/cycle/[other folders and files here] /var/www/vhosts/example.com/httpdocs/folder1/fish/[other folders and files here] //and, then for the 'secrets' files: /folder1/data/car/foobar.txt /folder1/data/cycle/foobar.txt /folder1/data/fish/foobar.txt

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• DHCP server with multiple interfaces on ubuntu, destroys default gateway

  - by Henrik Kjus Alstad

  I use Ubuntu, and I have many interfaces. eth0, which is my internet connection, and it gets its info from a DHCP-server totally outisde of my control. I then have eth1,eth2,eth3 and eth4 which I have created a DHCP-server for.(ISC DHCP-Server) It seems to work, and I even get an IP-address from the foreign DHCP-server on the internet facing interface. However, for some reason it seems my gateway for eth0 became screwed after I installed my local DHCP-server for eth1-eth4. (I think so because I got an IP for eth0, and I can ping other stuff on the local network, but I cannot get access to the internet). My eth0-specific info in /etc/network/interfaces: auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 10.0.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 10.0.1.0 broadcast 10.0.1.255 gateway 10.0.1.1 mtu 8192 auto eth2 iface eth2 inet static address 10.0.2.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 10.0.2.0 broadcast 10.0.2.255 gateway 10.0.2.1 mtu 8192 My /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server: INTERFACES="eth1 eth2 eth3 eth4" So why does my local DHCP-server fuck up the gateway for eth0, when I tell it not to listen to eth0? Anyone see the problem or what I can do to fix it? The problem seems indeed to be the gateways. "netstat -nr" gives: 0.0.0.0 --- 10.X.X.X ---- 0.0.0.0 --- UG 0 0 0 eth3 It should have been 0.0.0.0 129.2XX.X.X 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 So for some reason, my local DHCP-server overrides the gateway I get from the network DHCP. Edit: dhcp.conf looks like this(I included info only for eth1 subnet): ddns-update-style none; not authoritative; subnet 10.0.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { interface eth1; option domain-name "example.org"; option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org; default-lease-time 600; max-lease-time 7200; range 10.0.1.10 10.0.1.100; host camera1_1 { hardware ethernet 00:30:53:11:24:6E; fixed-address 10.0.1.10; } host camera2_1 { hardware ethernet 00:30:53:10:16:70; fixed-address 10.0.1.11; } } Also, it seems that the gateway is correctly set if I run "/etc/init.d/networking restart" in a terminal, but that's not helpful for me, I need the correct gateway to be set during startup, and i'd rather find the source of the problem

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• EC2 Filesystem / Files stored on the wrong partiton after launching new instance from AMI

  - by Philip Isaacs

  Today I set up a new EC2 Instance from and AMI I created from an older EC2 instance. When I launched the new instance I took the AMI that was on a small instance and launched with a medium instance. From what I can tell this is pretty standard stuff. But here's the stang part. According to AWS these are the differences Small Instance (Default) 1.7 GB of memory, 1 EC2 Compute Unit (1 virtual core with 1 EC2 Compute Unit), 160 GB of local instance storage, 32-bit or 64-bit platform Medium Instance 3.75 GB of memory, 2 EC2 Compute Units (1 virtual core with 2 EC2 Compute Units each), 410 GB of local instance storage, 32-bit or 64-bit platform Okay now here's where I'm having an issue. I when I log into the new bigger instance it still reports only having 1.7 GB of ram. The other strange part is that all my old partitions are still their in the same configurations. I see a new larger partition /mnt which is essential empty. Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 7.9G 5.9G 1.6G 79% / none 846M 120K 846M 1% /dev none 879M 0 879M 0% /dev/shm none 879M 76K 878M 1% /var/run none 879M 0 879M 0% /var/lock none 879M 0 879M 0% /lib/init/rw /dev/sda2 335G 195M 318G 1% /mnt /dev/sdf 16G 9.9G 5.1G 67% /var2 This EC2 is a web server and I was serving files off the /var2 directory but for some reason the instance is storing everything on / Okay here's what I'd like to do. Move all my website files to /mnt and have the web server point to that. Any suggestions? If it helps here is what my fstab looks like as well. root@myserver:/var# mount -l /dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw) [cloudimg-rootfs] proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) none on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755) none on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) none on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /var/run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) none on /var/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) /dev/sda2 on /mnt type ext3 (rw) /dev/sdf on /var2 type ext4 (rw,noatime) I hope this question makes sense. Basically i want my old files on this new partition. Thanks in advance

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• IPSEC site-to-site Openswan to Cisco ASA

  - by Jim

  I recieved a list of commands that were run on the right side of the VPN tunnel which is where the Cisco ASA resides. On my side, I have a linux based firewall running debian with openswan installed. I am having an issue with getting to Phase 2 of the VPN negotiation. Here is the Cisco Information I was sent: {my_public_ip} = left side of connection tunnel-group {my_public_ip} type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group {my_public_ip} ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key fakefake crypto map vpn1 1 match add customer-ipsec crypto map vpn1 1 set peer {my_public_ip} crypto map vpn1 1 set transform-set aes-256-sha crypto map vpn1 interface outside static (outside,inside) 10.2.1.200 {my_public_ip} netmask 255.255.255.255 crypto ipsec transform-set aes-256-sha esp-aes-256 esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec security-association lifetime seconds 28800 crypto ipsec security-association lifetime kilobytes 4608000 crypto map vpn1 1 match address customer-ipsec crypto map vpn1 1 set peer {my_public_ip} crypto map vpn1 1 set transform-set aes-256-sha crypto map vpn1 interface outside crypto isakmp enable outside crypto isakmp policy 1 authentication pre-share encryption aes-256 hash sha group 2 lifetime 86400 Myside ipsec.conf config setup klipsdebug=none plutodebug=none protostack=netkey #nat_traversal=yes conn cisco #name of VPN connection type=tunnel authby=secret #left side (myside) left={myPublicIP} leftsubnet=172.16.250.0/24 #net subnet on left sdie to assign to right side leftnexthop=%defaultroute #right security gateway (ASA side) right={CiscoASA_publicIP} #cisco ASA rightsubnet=10.2.1.0/24 rightnexthop=%defaultroute #crypo stuff keyexchange=ike ikelifetime=86400s auth=esp pfs=no compress=no auto=start ipsec.secrets file {CiscoASA_publicIP} {myPublicIP}: PSK "fakefake" When I start ipsec from the left side/my side I don't recieve any errors, however when I run the ipsec auto --status command: 000 "cisco": 172.16.250.0/24==={left_public_ip}<{left_public_ip}>[+S=C]---{left_public_ip_gateway}...{left_public_ip_gateway}--{right_public_ip}<{right_public_ip}>[+S=C]===10.2.1.0/24; prospective erouted; eroute owner: #0 000 "cisco": myip=unset; hisip=unset; 000 "cisco": ike_life: 86400s; ipsec_life: 28800s; rekey_margin: 540s; rekey_fuzz: 100%; keyingtries: 0 000 "cisco": policy: PSK+ENCRYPT+TUNNEL+UP+IKEv2ALLOW+SAREFTRACK+lKOD+rKOD; prio: 24,24; interface: eth0; 000 "cisco": newest ISAKMP SA: #0; newest IPsec SA: #0; 000 000 #2: "cisco":500 STATE_MAIN_I1 (sent MI1, expecting MR1); EVENT_RETRANSMIT in 10s; nodpd; idle; import:admin initiate 000 #2: pending Phase 2 for "cisco" replacing #0 Now I'm new to setting up an site-to-site IPSEC tunnel so the status informatino I am unsure what it means. All I know is it sits at this "pending Phase 2" and I can't ping the other side, Another question I have is, if I do a route -n, should I see anything relating to this connection? Also, I read a few artilcle where configs contained the interface="ipsec0=eth0", is this an interface that I have to create on the linux debian firewall on my side? Appreciate your time to look at this.

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• How to reference a Domain Controller out of the Local Network?

  - by Adrian

  We have multiple servers scattered over different hosting providers. For learning, experimenting and, ultimately, production purposes, I set one of them as a Domain Controller. That went well, most of our services are now authenticating via AD, which helps us a lot. What I want to do now is to simplify the authentication for the multiple servers, by making each of them look at the Domain Controller. This way, our Devs can log into (Remote Desktop) the multiple servers with the same credentials from AD. I know I have to configure each server to look at the Domain Controller. But when I try to add the Domain Controller to the Computer, it cannot find it, although the Domain Controller address is a valid, reachable internet sub-domain (as in "ad.ourcompany.com"). This is the detailed error message: Note: This information is intended for a network administrator. If you are not your network's administrator, notify the administrator that you received this information, which has been recorded in the file C:\Windows\debug\dcdiag.txt. The following error occurred when DNS was queried for the service location (SRV) resource record used to locate an Active Directory Domain Controller for domain ad.ourcompany.com: The error was: "DNS name does not exist." (error code 0x0000232B RCODE_NAME_ERROR) The query was for the SRV record for _ldap._tcp.dc._msdcs.ad.ourcompany.com Common causes of this error include the following: - The DNS SRV records required to locate a AD DC for the domain are not registered in DNS. These records are registered with a DNS server automatically when a AD DC is added to a domain. They are updated by the AD DC at set intervals. This computer is configured to use DNS servers with the following IP addresses: 109.188.207.9 109.188.207.10 - One or more of the following zones do not include delegation to its child zone: ad.ourcompany.com ourcompany.com com . (the root zone) For information about correcting this problem, click Help. What am I missing? I'm an experienced Dev, but a newbie Sysdamin experimenting with new stuff. Disclaimer All IP addresses and domains/subdomains were changed to preserve security. If by any chance you still can see private information, please let me know so that I can change it.

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• Linux Debian Security Breach - what now? [closed]

  - by user897075

  Possible Duplicate: My server's been hacked EMERGENCY I installed Debian (Squeeze) a while back in my home network to host some personal sites (thank god). During the installation it prompted me to enter a user other than root - so in a rush I used my name as user and pass (alex/alex for what its worth). I know it's horrible practice but during the setup of this server I'm always logged in as root to perform configurations, etc. Few days or a week passes and I forget to change the password. Then I finally get my web site finished and I open the port forwarding on my router and DynDNS to point to my server in my home. I've done this many times in the past never had issues but I use a cryptic root password and I guess disabled regular accounts. Today I reformat my Windows 7 and after spending all day tweaking and updating SP1 I look for cloning apps and find clonezilla and see it supports SSH cloning, so I go through the process only to discover I need a user, so I log into my web-server and see I have the user 'alex' already in and realize I don't know the password. So I change the password to something cryptic and visit the directory 'home' only to realize their are contents such as passfile, bengos, etc. My heart sinks, I've been hacked!!! Sure as hell there are all sort of scripts and password files. I run a 'last' command and it seems they last logged in april 3rd. Question: What can I do to see if they did anything destructive? Should I reformat and reinstall? How restrictive is Debian/Squeeze in terms of user permissions out of the box - all my personal website stuff was created using 'root' so changing files does not seem to have occured. How did they determine there was a user 'alex' on the machine? Can you query any machine and figure this out? What the users are? Looks like they tried to run a IP scan...other nodes on the network are running Windows 7. One of which seems a little wonky as of late - is it possible they buggered up that system? What corrective action can I take to avoid this from happening again? And figure out what might have changed or been hacked? I'm hoping debian out of box is fairly secure and at best he managed to read some of my source code. :p Regards, Alex

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• Cannot install passenger with Nginx

  - by Luc

  Hello, I have a rack application that I want to migrate from Ruby 1.8.7 + Apache + passenger to Ruby 1.9.1 + Nginx + passenger. I have made up the following script for a quick install all in one, and it raises an error... Here is the installation script: (basic one with all the steps I need to install everything on a Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid Lynx fresh box) Nginx sources cd /tmp wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-0.7.66.tar.gz tar xzf nginx-0.7.66.tar.gz cd nginx-0.7.66 openssl required for SSL/TLS sudo apt-get install openssl sudo apt-get install libssl-dev Compilation stuff sudo apt-get zlib1g-dev Ruby interpreter 1.9.1 sudo apt-get install ruby1.9.1 ruby1.9.1-dev rubygems1.9.1 irb1.9.1 ri1.9.1 rdoc1.9.1 build-essential nginx libopenssl-ruby1.9.1 Make sure default ruby uses version 1.9.1 sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/ruby ruby /usr/bin/ruby1.9.1 400 --slave /usr/share/man/man1/ruby.1.gz ruby.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/ruby1.9.1.1.gz --slave /usr/bin/ri ri /usr/bin/ri1.9.1 --slave /usr/bin/irb irb /usr/bin/irb1.9.1 --slave /usr/bin/rdoc rdoc /usr/bin/rdoc1.9.1 sudo update-alternatives --config ruby Passenger (rake-0.8.7, fastthread-1.0.7, rack-1.1.0, passenger-2.2.14) sudo gem install passenger Activate Passenger in nginx, select option 2 to use nginx sources donwloaded above cd /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/passenger-2.2.14/bin sudo ./passenger-install-nginx-module And this is the error message I got: /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/passenger-2.2.14/ext/nginx/ContentHandler.c gcc -c -pipe -O -W -Wall -Wpointer-arith -Wno-unused-parameter -Wunused-function -Wunused-variable -Wunused-value -Werror -g -I src/core -I src/event -I src/event/modules -I src/os/unix -I /tmp/pcre-8.00 -I objs -I src/http -I src/http/modules -I src/mail \ -o objs/addon/nginx/StaticContentHandler.o \ /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/passenger-2.2.14/ext/nginx/StaticContentHandler.c /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/passenger-2.2.14/ext/nginx/StaticContentHandler.c: In function ‘passenger_static_content_handler’: /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/passenger-2.2.14/ext/nginx/StaticContentHandler.c:71: error: ‘ngx_http_request_t’ has no member named ‘zero_in_uri’ make[1]: *** [objs/addon/nginx/StaticContentHandler.o] Error 1 make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/nginx-0.7.66' make: *** [build] Error 2 -------------------------------------------- It looks like something went wrong Please read our Users guide for troubleshooting tips: /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/passenger-2.2.14/doc/Users guide Nginx.html I do not understand the reason of this error. Is this a compatibility problem ? Hope you have any clues :) Thanks a lot, Luc

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• Persuading openldap to work with SSL on Ubuntu with cn=config

  - by Roger

  I simply cannot get this (TLS connection to openldap) to work and would appreciate some assistance. I have a working openldap server on ubuntu 10.04 LTS, it is configured to use cn=config and most of the info I can find for TLS seems to use the older slapd.conf file :-( I've been largely following the instructions here https://help.ubuntu.com/10.04/serverguide/C/openldap-server.html plus stuff I've read here and elsewhere - which of course could be part of the problem as I don't totally understand all of this yet! I have created an ssl.ldif file as follows; dn:cn=config add: olcTLSCipherSuite olcTLSCipherSuite: TLSV1+RSA:!NULL add: olcTLSCRLCheck olcTLSCRLCheck: none add: olcTLSVerifyClient olcTLSVerifyClient: never add: olcTLSCACertificateFile olcTLSCACertificateFile: /etc/ssl/certs/ldap_cacert.pem add: olcTLSCertificateFile olcTLSCertificateFile: /etc/ssl/certs/my.domain.com_slapd_cert.pem add: olcTLSCertificateKeyFile olcTLSCertificateKeyFile: /etc/ssl/private/my.domain.com_slapd_key.pem and I import it using the following command line ldapmodify -x -D cn=admin,dc=mydomain,dc=com -W -f ssl.ldif I have edited /etc/default/slapd so that it has the following services line; SLAPD_SERVICES="ldap:/// ldapi:/// ldaps:///" And everytime I'm making a change, I'm restarting slapd with /etc/init.d/slapd restart The following command line to test out the non TLS connection works fine; ldapsearch -d 9 -D cn=admin,dc=mydomain,dc=com -w mypassword \ -b dc=mydomain,dc=com -H "ldap://mydomain.com" "cn=roger*" But when I switch to ldaps using this command line; ldapsearch -d 9 -D cn=admin,dc=mydomain,dc=com -w mypassword \ -b dc=mydomain,dc=com -H "ldaps://mydomain.com" "cn=roger*" This is what I get; ldap_url_parse_ext(ldaps://mydomain.com) ldap_create ldap_url_parse_ext(ldaps://mydomain.com:636/??base) ldap_sasl_bind ldap_send_initial_request ldap_new_connection 1 1 0 ldap_int_open_connection ldap_connect_to_host: TCP mydomain.com:636 ldap_new_socket: 3 ldap_prepare_socket: 3 ldap_connect_to_host: Trying 127.0.0.1:636 ldap_pvt_connect: fd: 3 tm: -1 async: 0 TLS: can't connect: A TLS packet with unexpected length was received.. ldap_err2string ldap_sasl_bind(SIMPLE): Can't contact LDAP server (-1) Now if I check netstat -al I can see; tcp 0 0 *:www *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:https *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:ldaps *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:ldap *:* LISTEN I'm not sure if this is significant as well ... I suspect it is; openssl s_client -connect mydomain.com:636 -showcerts CONNECTED(00000003) 916:error:140790E5:SSL routines:SSL23_WRITE:ssl handshake failure:s23_lib.c:188: I think I've made all my certificates etc OK and here are the results of some checks; If I do this; certtool -e --infile /etc/ssl/certs/ldap_cacert.pem I get Chain verification output: Verified. certtool -e --infile /etc/ssl/certs/mydomain.com_slapd_cert.pem Gives "certtool: the last certificate is not self signed" but it otherwise seems OK? Where have I gone wrong? Surely getting openldap to run securely on ubuntu should be easy and not require a degree in rocket science! Any ideas?

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• Linux Mint 14 severe overheating

  - by agvares

  I've tried switching to Mint (it was Mint 12) about 6 months ago, but failed to do it due to enormous overheating which made it virtually impossible to run any applications more complex than Gedit. Time had passed, and now I'm back again with Mint 14, but feeling way more determined. What I face are the following issues: 1) Great overheating (and by great I mean that just by doing nothing my CPU temp is floating around 70-75 C, which I find a lot) 2) Running multiple applications (let's say Chrome, Skype and Pidgin) results in critical overheating and immediate shutdown of the system 3) Due to the stuff listed above, my battery drains in about 10-15 minutes, pretty much turning my laptop into a crippled desktop machine I've got a HP-dv6 laptop (i7, 6gb RAM, dual graphics) Here's the output of lspci: 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09) 00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200/2nd Generation Core Processor Family PCI Express Root Port (rev 09) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 05) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 05) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev b5) 00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev b5) 00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev b5) 00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev b5) 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 05) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation HM65 Express Chipset Family LPC Controller (rev 05) 00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family 6 port SATA AHCI Controller (rev 05) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller (rev 05) 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI Whistler XT [AMD Radeon HD 6700M Series] 07:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06) 0d:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM4313 802.11b/g/n Wireless LAN Controller (rev 01) 13:00.0 Unassigned class [ff00]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTS5209 PCI Express Card Reader (rev 01) 19:00.0 USB controller: NEC Corporation uPD720200 USB 3.0 Host Controller (rev 04) what i've tried to do already: 1) I've edited my grub file to add some "splash" arguments there 2) Installed jupiter and powertop 3) Tried to upgrade to newer kernels (up to 3.8), btw running anything newer than 3.5 results in both resolution and wi-fi detection fail 4) Read lots of forum threads devoted to the topic So, my question is simple: What else might I do to become finally able to use Mint as my default OS without the risk of being burned alive by the CPU heat?

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• VPN - force a selective range of ip to run on VPN (linux)

  - by Francesco

  Preface: I know there are similar question here and there however I'm a kind of newbie on Net stuff so I need an answer on this specific scenario, hoping that can help others too as it is a common problem Let say I cannot do anything on the local switch to change the local ip range, I don't want to use any complicate trick as use VMachine to hide the local ip range but I want to use net tools to solve the issue. Scenario my local net assign me an IP of this class 192.168.1.xxx (ex. 192.168.1.116) and my VPN (VPNC) assign me IP of same class 192.168.1.xxx (ex. 192.168.1.247) Obviously I need VPN to access local address (ex. 192.168.1.100) but when I open any address of the class 192.168.1.xx the route point to my local net and not to the VPN ones. I'm on linux and i'd like gui solution (network manager) in case it is not possible let play with route command. here what network manager offer me: Here my actual route once connected to the VPN: Here some route information (route -n) Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 ppp0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 wlan0 182.71.21.106 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 wlan0 182.71.21.106 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 wlan0 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 9 0 0 wlan0 192.168.1.246 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 ppp0 Here my ifconfig : ppp0 Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol inet addr:192.168.1.247 P-t-P:192.168.1.246 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1400 Metric:1 RX packets:3415 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2525 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:3 RX bytes:3682328 (3.6 MB) TX bytes:402315 (402.3 KB) wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 4c:eb:42:06:a3:a6 inet addr:192.168.1.116 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::4eeb:42ff:fe06:a3a6/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:72598 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:42300 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:76000532 (76.0 MB) TX bytes:13919400 (13.9 MB) The Question So basically I would like to add a rule to force this particular address (192.168.1.100) on the VPN and not on my local net

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• 2 Servers setup for redundency, backup

  - by minal

  I presently have 1 dedicated virtual server running my website/blog/mail, etc. This is on Hyper-V with 512MB RAM. Windows Web2008. With the VM, I have these running within it: SmarterMail – for emails MS DNS – I have my own nameservers on this server SQL Express IIS7 2 IP Address I have now leased 2 physical servers : P4 2.6Ghz 1GB RAM 80GB HDD. With these new servers, I get 2 IPs per server as well. These are running Windows 2008 Standard. With the VM the HDD was obviously on a RAID setup so I was not worried about hardware issues as it fell on the provider to manage. However, with the new servers the HDD is not RAID’d, hence my concern is that if it fails I need a backup position. What would be the most ideal setup to go for? I am thinking: Server 1: (Web/PrimaryDNS) DNS – NS1 SQL Express – OFF turn on when required, ie. Server2 is down SmarterMail – OFF turn on when required, ie. Server2 is down IIS 7 Server2:(SQL/Backup) DNS – NS2 SQL Web Edition SmarterMail IIS 7 How can I set it up so that if 1 goes down I can have everything on 2 instantly or by manual switching over. I am confused as other DNS servers will cache the web servers IP address for requests, and if that server goes down, the backup server will have a different IP. How do I make this work? I will be doing routine backups, in which case I will keep copies of backups on both servers. If I am copying the same stuff on both servers like a mirror then I am losing on using the true performance out of it. It's like 1 server is always on standby. Ideally I want SQL and web on 2 diff machines for best performance. If Server1 goes down, I should be able to switch to Server2 fairly easily. I don't have a problem with manual intervention to start the sql/mail services, etc. In terms of scalabilty, the VM has coped pretty well to date. Moving forward the SQL and IIS workload is going to double pretty quickly. Some ideas would be great.

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• HID USB Very Strange Problem...

  - by Lasanha

  I realy hope some one can help me here cause i search all over the web and nothing comes up.. I allways used PS/2 KB and Mouse and a USB KeyPad (Genius ErgoMedia 500 Gaming Explorer) to play some games, mmorpg, fps, you named, very good whit 11 keys whit possible macros etc etc... Now it comes the problem, i have a USB mouse that have 4 extra buttons, and i need more button, i love buttons.. Well, i plug in the USB mouse and disconectes de PS/2. Everything is ok until i toutch the mouse. If i do so, the ErgoMedia goes off, then on, then i mouse the mouse or press a button and all over again. Yesterday i went buying a new mouse that i liked, a USB mouse too (NPlay whit macros and all that stuff 3600dpi...) Hoping the problem was only whit the other mouse, but no.. It does the exact same thing, ErgoMedia keeps disconecting and conecting everytime i toutch the mouse. What i allready did: Update drivers of both mouses Update drivers of ErgoMedia (no specific drivers(Windows based)) Update drivers of MB Chipset (Actualy no, cause it was up to date allready) Trying other USB Ports (4 Ports back, 4 Ports Front and even 1 Port in 16 card slot device) Disable the "Allows Windows to shut down the energy bla bla" thing in Device Setings. Look up in the Device Setings only apear a problem on the ergomedia (Human interface Device) when i move the damm mouse.. Using Everest to read behavier, everything normal, exepts the disconecting thing, but no errors. Not a power suply, only the ErgoMedia and the mouse are in the USBs, and i allready disable the 16 card reader whit one usb slot to see.. Clean the IRQ registry. Look the entire internet for a fix solution. Help others problems wile looking for a fix for me (Im not a pro but not a completly stupid) Talking to you beggin you to help me as a last resorce... Machine: Acer M3641 Core2Quad 64x Based OS Vista 64b 4GbRAM HD Audio and Graphics I realy hope some one out there knows a fix for this, maybe it´s a simple thing, so simple that i´m to stupid to see that.. Sorry for my bad inglish but i write lot of erros even in my language. Any help will be very welcome. Tanks for ur concern and atention ^^

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• Puppet - Possible to use software design patterns in modules?

  - by Mike Purcell

  As I work with puppet, I find myself wanting to automate more complex setups, for example vhosts for X number of websites. As my puppet manifests get more complex I find it difficult to apply the DRY (don't repeat yourself) principle. Below is a simplified snippet of what I am after, but doesn't work because puppet throws various errors depending up whether I use classes or defines. I'd like to get some feed back from some seasoned puppetmasters on how they might approach this solution. # site.pp import 'nodes' # nodes.pp node nodes_dev { $service_env = 'dev' } node nodes_prod { $service_env = 'prod' } import 'nodes/dev' import 'nodes/prod' # nodes/dev.pp node 'service1.ownij.lan' inherits nodes_dev { httpd::vhost::package::site { 'foo': } httpd::vhost::package::site { 'bar': } } # modules/vhost/package.pp class httpd::vhost::package { class manage($port) { # More complex stuff goes here like ensuring that conf paths and uris exist # As well as log files, which is I why I want to do the work once and use many notify { $service_env: } notify { $port: } } define site { case $name { 'foo': { class 'httpd::vhost::package::manage': port => 20000 } } 'bar': { class 'httpd::vhost::package::manage': port => 20001 } } } } } That code snippet gives me a Duplicate declaration: Class[Httpd::Vhost::Package::Manage] error, and if I switch the manage class to a define, and attempt to access a global or pass in a variable common to both foo and bar, I get a Duplicate declaration: Notify[dev] error. Any suggestions how I can implement the DRY principle and still get puppet to work? -- UPDATE -- I'm still having a problem trying to ensure that some of my vhosts, which may share a parent directory, are setup correctly. Something like this: node 'service1.ownij.lan' inherits nodes_dev { httpd::vhost::package::site { 'foo_sitea': } httpd::vhost::package::site { 'foo_siteb': } httpd::vhost::package::site { 'bar': } } What I need to happen is that sitea and siteb have the same parent "foo" folder. The problem I am having is when I call a define to ensure the "foo" folder exists. Below is the site define as I have it, hopefully it will make sense what I am trying to accomplish. class httpd::vhost::package { File { owner => root, group => root, mode => 0660 } define site() { $app_parts = split($name, '[_]') $app_primary = $app_parts[0] if ($app_parts[1] == '') { $tpl_path_partial_app = "${app_primary}" $app_sub = '' } else { $tpl_path_partial_app = "${app_primary}/${app_parts[1]}" $app_sub = $app_parts[1] } include httpd::vhost::log::base httpd::vhost::log::app { $name: app_primary => $app_primary, app_sub => $app_sub } } } class httpd::vhost::log { class base { $paths = [ '/tmp', '/tmp/var', '/tmp/var/log', '/tmp/var/log/httpd', "/tmp/var/log/httpd/${service_env}" ] file { $paths: ensure => directory } } define app($app_primary, $app_sub) { $paths = [ "/tmp/var/log/httpd/${service_env}/${app_primary}", "/tmp/var/log/httpd/${service_env}/${app_primary}/${app_sub}" ] file { $paths: ensure => directory } } } The include httpd::vhost::log::base works fine, because it is "included", which means it is only implemented once, even though site is called multiple times. The error I am getting is: Duplicate declaration: File[/tmp/var/log/httpd/dev/foo]. I looked into using exec, but not sure this is the correct route, surely others have had to deal with this before and any insight is appreciated as I have been grappling with this for a few weeks. Thanks.

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• Ubuntu Lucid: Erratic screen behaviour after boot

  - by fgysin

  In short: about 50% of the time I have a screwed up monitor setup after reboot. About 50% it is totally correct. Now the longer version: I updated my machine from 9.04 to 10.04 (via 9.10). At first I run into some monitor problems (I have a 3-monitor setup) because of the known bug in the new xserver driver for xinerama. This messes up behaviour if the mouse goes either left or above the screen number 0, i.e. I had to make my left-most monitor screen 0. Everything worked out fine finally, I got my 3-monitor setup back with xinerama enabled to get one big desktop streched over 3 screens. Now the fun part: Every time I start up my machine only one of the 3 monitors gets a signal and is woken up: it only recognizes the left-most monitor (screen 0) and crams all the desktop stuff into this one screen. If I go into nvidia settings I only see one physical device although all 3 are connected and have power. When I look into the xorg.conf I can still see my old setup with 3 devices, 3 screens, xinerama active etc... But I was totally unable to get 3 montitors to work. (I tried unplugging monitors, reconfiguring whole nvidia setup, ...) But it gets even better: When I restart my machine (i.e. choose the restart option from the Ubuntu menu) it shuts down and tries to restart. The restart then gets stuck after showing the Ubuntu splash screen with the 'loading bar' (the moving dots thingy) and I am forced to kill the machine by cutting power. But after the power cut the machine boots up normally and suddenly I get my 3 monitor setup back up working. That is until the next time I shut down and start up, where it all starts over again and I only have one monitor... (see above) I really have a hard time seeing where the error is. It must be that the restart boot somehow differs from the 'normal' boot. But the fact that it gets stuck and I need to cut power which then basically triggers a 'normal' boot does not really support this theory... My setup (please tell me if you need further info): 3 monitors as 3 screens as one desktop (with xinerama) 2 nvidia cards where screen 0 and 1 are on card 0 and screen 2 is on card 1 Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid Lynx (updated from 9.10, 9.04, ....) I would appreciate every idea on the subject, at the moment I really don't have any clue what to do...

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• Safer RAID5 rebuilds using partially failed disks?

  - by arcticmac

  There have been lots of articles posted recently about how RAID5 is dangerous because of long resilver times, and in particular because of increasing chances of encountering a URE during the resilver. Obviously this is a significant concern. However, it seems that in many cases of interest (as long as you're keeping some kind of eye on your disks), when it comes time to rebuild the array, the disk that I'm replacing is still mostly readable. If you try to explain this predicament to the average layperson, they are typically very confused as to why you have two almost completely functional disks but can't produce one working array. It seems to me that there ought to be some way to take advantage of this to make rebuilds safer, as long as I'm willing to have the RAID5 be read-only for a couple of days while it rebuilds. Conceptually, what I have in mind looks something like this: When a disk fails, immediately take the RAID5 offline or mount it read-only Attach a new disk (either in a spare bay, or externally via eSATA) and begin rebuilding it to replace the failed one. If known, perhaps start with the stripes in which the failure occurred, to minimize the chances of losing those if another disk fails. In the event that a second disk experiences a URE or other failure during the rebuild, try to source that data from the disk that is being replaced. Presumably if this happens, more rebuilding would be necessary. When complete, shut down the server, swap the replacement drive into the original bay if desired, and bring the array back up. Obviously such a process would not be appropriate for applications where uptime is critical or data loss cannot be tolerated, but it seems to me that this could help considerably to improve the reliability of RAID5. I assume that there's not a good way to implement a recovery like this at present, given that I haven't seen any indication of tools that are designed to do this, and that it seems like it would be rather obtuse to work out manually. Are there also technical issues with it that I haven't thought of (I'm still fairly new to RAID stuff)? Any thoughts on how hard something like this would be to implement (e.g. in linux md raid)?

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• Two network interfaces and two IP addresses on the same subnet in Linux

  - by Scott Duckworth

  I recently ran into a situation where I needed two IP addresses on the same subnet assigned to one Linux host so that we could run two SSL/TLS sites. My first approach was to use IP aliasing, e.g. using eth0:0, eth0:1, etc, but our network admins have some fairly strict settings in place for security that squashed this idea: They use DHCP snooping and normally don't allow static IP addresses. Static addressing is accomplished by using static DHCP entries, so the same MAC address always gets the same IP assignment. This feature can be disabled per switchport if you ask and you have a reason for it (thankfully I have a good relationship with the network guys and this isn't hard to do). With the DHCP snooping disabled on the switchport, they had to put in a rule on the switch that said MAC address X is allowed to have IP address Y. Unfortunately this had the side effect of also saying that MAC address X is ONLY allowed to have IP address Y. IP aliasing required that MAC address X was assigned two IP addresses, so this didn't work. There may have been a way around these issues on the switch configuration, but in an attempt to preserve good relations with the network admins I tried to find another way. Having two network interfaces seemed like the next logical step. Thankfully this Linux system is a virtual machine, so I was able to easily add a second network interface (without rebooting, I might add - pretty cool). A few keystrokes later I had two network interfaces up and running and both pulled IP addresses from DHCP. But then the problem came in: the network admins could see (on the switch) the ARP entry for both interfaces, but only the first network interface that I brought up would respond to pings or any sort of TCP or UDP traffic. After lots of digging and poking, here's what I came up with. It seems to work, but it also seems to be a lot of work for something that seems like it should be simple. Any alternate ideas out there? Step 1: Enable ARP filtering on all interfaces: # sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_filter=1 # echo "net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_filter = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf From the file networking/ip-sysctl.txt in the Linux kernel docs: arp_filter - BOOLEAN 1 - Allows you to have multiple network interfaces on the same subnet, and have the ARPs for each interface be answered based on whether or not the kernel would route a packet from the ARP'd IP out that interface (therefore you must use source based routing for this to work). In other words it allows control of which cards (usually 1) will respond to an arp request. 0 - (default) The kernel can respond to arp requests with addresses from other interfaces. This may seem wrong but it usually makes sense, because it increases the chance of successful communication. IP addresses are owned by the complete host on Linux, not by particular interfaces. Only for more complex setups like load- balancing, does this behaviour cause problems. arp_filter for the interface will be enabled if at least one of conf/{all,interface}/arp_filter is set to TRUE, it will be disabled otherwise Step 2: Implement source-based routing I basically just followed directions from http://lartc.org/howto/lartc.rpdb.multiple-links.html, although that page was written with a different goal in mind (dealing with two ISPs). Assume that the subnet is 10.0.0.0/24, the gateway is 10.0.0.1, the IP address for eth0 is 10.0.0.100, and the IP address for eth1 is 10.0.0.101. Define two new routing tables named eth0 and eth1 in /etc/iproute2/rt_tables: ... top of file omitted ... 1 eth0 2 eth1 Define the routes for these two tables: # ip route add default via 10.0.0.1 table eth0 # ip route add default via 10.0.0.1 table eth1 # ip route add 10.0.0.0/24 dev eth0 src 10.0.0.100 table eth0 # ip route add 10.0.0.0/24 dev eth1 src 10.0.0.101 table eth1 Define the rules for when to use the new routing tables: # ip rule add from 10.0.0.100 table eth0 # ip rule add from 10.0.0.101 table eth1 The main routing table was already taken care of by DHCP (and it's not even clear that its strictly necessary in this case), but it basically equates to this: # ip route add default via 10.0.0.1 dev eth0 # ip route add 130.127.48.0/23 dev eth0 src 10.0.0.100 # ip route add 130.127.48.0/23 dev eth1 src 10.0.0.101 And voila! Everything seems to work just fine. Sending pings to both IP addresses works fine. Sending pings from this system to other systems and forcing the ping to use a specific interface works fine (ping -I eth0 10.0.0.1, ping -I eth1 10.0.0.1). And most importantly, all TCP and UDP traffic to/from either IP address works as expected. So again, my question is: is there a better way to do this? This seems like a lot of work for a seemingly simple problem.

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• How to make Linux reliably boot on multi-cpu machines?

  - by Adam Tabi

  I've got two machines, one with 4x12 AMD Opteron cores (AMD Opteron(tm) Processor 6176), one with 2x8 Xeon cores (HT disabled; Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2660 0 @ 2.20GHz). On both machines I experience difficulties during boot of Linux using recent kernels. The system hangs during the initialization of the kernel, before or just when initramfs started initializing the hardware. The last thing which got displayed was a stacktrace like this: CPU: 31 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/31 Tainted: G D 3.11.6-hardened #11 Hardware name: Supermicro X9DRT-HF+/X9DRT-HF+, BIOS 3.00 07/08/2013 task: ffff880854695500 ti: ffff880854695a28 task.ti: ffff880854695a28 RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff8100a82e>] [<ffffffff8100a82e>] default_idle+0x6/0xe RSP: 0000:ffff8808546b3ec8 EFLAGS: 00000286 RAX: ffffffff8100a828 RBX: ffff880854695a28 RCX: 00000000ffffffff RDX: 0100000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffff88107fdec690 RBP: ffff8808546b3ec8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: ffff880854695500 R10: ffff880854695500 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: ffff880854695a28 R13: ffff880854695a28 R14: ffff880854695a28 R15: 0000000000000000 FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff88107fde0000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 000002b43256a960 CR3: 00000000016b5000 CR4: 00000000000607f0 Stack: ffff8808546b3ed8 ffffffff8100aec9 ffff8808546b3f10 ffffffff8109ce25 334ab55852ec7aef 000000000000001f ffffffff8102d6c0 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 ffff8808546b3f48 ffffffff810276e0 ffff8808546b3f28 Call Trace: [<ffffffff8100aec9>] arch_cpu_idle+0x20/0x2b [<ffffffff8109ce25>] cpu_startup_entry+0xed/0x138 [<ffffffff8102d6c0>] ? flat_init_apic_ldr+0x80/0x80 [<ffffffff810276e0>] start_secondary+0x2c9/0x2f8 I compiled the kernel myself and it works fine, if I boot with nolapic. Yet, only one core is used. Also, the kernel of RHEL6 seems to work fine. I suspect that there are some patches used to make things work. Using the kernel config file from RHEL6 and building a more recent kernel yields the same problems. On the Xeon machine, things got better by disabling Hyperthreading completely. The machine now boots successfully on at least 4 out of 5 times. And if it boots, multicore stuff works just fine. However, I'm wondering about what to do about the AMD machine. So to sum it up: Gentoo kernel 3.6 - 3.11 won't reliably boot those machines unless you reduce the amount of cores (e.g. via nolapic). RHEL6 kernel (which is 2.6.32) boots just fine. RH kernel config used to build a 3.x kernel won't yield a working kernel. Not distribution specific (apart from the kernel being used). These stack traces got printed every minute or so. The kernel seems to be stuck in an endless loop. Yet, a recent kernel is needed for various reasons. So the question is: What does the RHEL6 kernel do, what vanilla or gentoo kernels don't do? Is there a boot option that might lead to a reliable boot with all the cores enabled? Best, Adam

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• nginx, php-cgi and "No input file specified."

  - by Stephen Belanger

  I'm trying to get nginx to play nice with php-cgi, but it's not quite working how I'd like. I'm using some set variables to allow for dynamic host names--basically anything.local. I know that stuff is working because I can access static files properly, however php files don't work. I get the standard "No input file specified." error which normally occurs when the file doesn't exist, but it definitely does exist and the path is correct because I can access the static files in the same path. It could possibly be a permissions thing, but I'm not sure how that could be an issue. I'm running this on Windows under my own user account, so I think it should have permission unless php-cgi is running under a different user without me telling it to. . Here's my config; worker_processes 1; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; gzip on; server { # Listen for HTTP listen 80; # Match to local host names. server_name *.local; # We need to store a "cleaned" host. set $no_www $host; set $no_local $host; # Strip out www. if ($host ~* www\.(.*)) { set $no_www $1; rewrite ^(.*)$ $scheme://$no_www$1 permanent; } # Strip local for directory names. if ($no_www ~* (.*)\.local) { set $no_local $1; } # Define default path handler. location / { root ../Users/Stephen/Documents/Work/$no_local.com/hosts/main/docs; index index.php index.html index.htm; # Route non-existent paths through Kohana system router. try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?kohana_uri=$request_uri; } # pass PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 location ~ \.php$ { root ../Users/Stephen/Documents/Work/$no_local.com/hosts/main/docs; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi.conf; } # Prevent access to system files. location ~ /\. { return 404; } location ~* ^/(modules|application|system) { return 404; } } }

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• Win 8: Adding a boot volume to an MBR dynamic disk [NOT about changing to basic disks]

  - by Stilez

  (This is NOT aiming to convert to basic disk. In this question, the disk stays dynamic but becomes bootable) There doesn't seem to be a clear, well stated answer I can find, for the question "What are the criteria for Windows 8 to successfully boot from an MBR dynamic disk", or "how do I fix a dynamic MBR partition that's failing boot"? I've tried to educate myself but can't find crucial information to clear it all up. My existing HDD/SSD setup: DISK 0 ~ 60GB SSD/MBR/basic: (350MB recovery)(60GB windows 8 bootable) DISK 1 ~ 512GB SSD/MBR/dynamic: (350MB recovery)(60GB unallocated)(410GB mirrored data) DISK 2 ~ 512GB SSD/MBR/dynamic: (350MB recovery)(60GB unallocated)(410GB mirrored data) DISKS 3, 4, 5: (ignored for simplicity: 2xHDD RAID1 + caching SSD) I'm heavy duty on data crunching and virtualisation, just maxxed out 32GB RAM @ 2133 and moved to 4960X + 64GB. Disk 0 is a pure system disk of little value, and virtualisations runs off mirrored SSDs (Samsung 840 Pro 512 x 2) for double speed reading and so they snapshot in reasonable time. I'm using 4 SATA3 ports and the board only has two decent Intel ports (onboard Marvell are poorer quality). I'm wary of choosing between LSI, HighPoint and other 3rd party controllers as I'm unfamiliar with the maze of decent RAID cards (that's a whole other issue!). I want to cut down my SSD needs by moving the boot volume and caching volume to the 840 pros, giving a setup with 2 fewer SSDs: DISK 0 ~ 512GB SSD/MBR/dynamic: (350MB recovery)(60GB boot)(410GB mirrored data) DISK 1 ~ 512GB SSD/MBR/dynamic: (350MB recovery)(30GB cache for the ICH10R mirror)(30GB temp)(410GB mirrored data) DISKS 2, 3: (2xHDD RAID1) Intel's RST allows this, Win 8 allows booting off a MBR/dynamic disk, and the two 60GB SSDs are hardly the fastest SSDs anyway, they'll get repurposed. Moving the caching volume is easy. Moving the boot volume has me stumped. The difficulty is, I'm hitting a wall of knowledge here. I have a UEFI Asus motherboard with an previous traditional MBR/basic boot disk, and I want it to boot from a disk and volume that's MBR/dynamic. The disk copy is physically ok (Partition Wizard Server will copy to dynamic volumes) but then hits a light blue 0xc000000e boot error. No real surprise, I expected to have some boot fixing, but had expected Windows to boot-fix it (all drivers exist), or the usual manual fixes to work. Specifically, I don't know enough, to know what's got to be manually checked and perhaps corrected for the disk to boot (legacy/uefi/bios, odd partitions, boot tables, disk IDs, hidden boot files, oh my!), or if I need to change any of this secure boot/UEFI/legacy stuff in the bios, convert a 512 SSD to basic and then back to dynamic when working, or if the issue is pure OS config using "diskpart", "bootsect" and "bootrec" from the Win8 DVD. The old system disk still boots but I don't know enough to figure what to fix, to make the system boot as I want. The answers probably aren't hard but the real issue is my confusion and missing information. Thanks for helping!

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• How do I combine static and dynamic DHCP leases on a Cisco router?

  - by Brad

  Basically, what I need is super similar to the unanswered cisco forum question below: https://supportforums.cisco.com/message/3139749#3139749 I have a Cisco 850 Series router. I have configured a DHCP pool for the 10.0.0.0/24 network. I have excluded 10.0.0.1 - 10.0.0.99 from the DHCP pool. I want to add a static DHCP pool for stuff and I want DHCP to statically assign them the addresses of my choice below 100. Actually, I don't care what addresses I statically assign. They can be anything in the pool for all I care, I just want it to work. Why are you doing this? Just statically assign the IPs on the devices! I don't want to do this because I have some laptop users. They could obviously only use that static IP here. This isn't a problem if they could be bothered to change any location setting or something. They can't. So it HAS to be DHCP. It also has to be static IPs because I need to forward ports to them. I know, I know, this is weird but it's an apartment LAN/WLAN so this isn't exactly a typical use case. Relevant sections of config below: ip dhcp excluded-address 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.99 ! ip dhcp pool Internal-net import all network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 default-router 10.0.0.1 domain-name 1770.local lease 7 ! ip dhcp pool static-pool import all origin file flash://staticmap default-router 10.0.0.1 domain-name 1770.local Contents of staticmap: *time* Aug 5 2010 09:00 AM *version* 2 !IP address Type Hardware address Lease expiration 10.0.0.100/24 1 001f.5b3e.d50a Infinite *end* You can see here I was trying addresses outside the excluded-address range to see if that would make any difference. My testing machine's MAC: mainframe:~ brad$ ifconfig en1 en1: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether 00:1f:5b:3e:d5:0a What shows up in the DHCP binding table: basestar#show ip dhcp binding Bindings from all pools not associated with VRF: IP address Client-ID/ Lease expiration Type Hardware address/ User name 10.0.0.112 0100.1f5b.3ed5.0a Aug 12 2010 10:06 AM Automatic What's up with the funny looking MAC in the DHCP binding table?? Is what I'm trying to accomplish basically impossible? Am I going about this the wrong way? All I want to to be able to port forward some ports to specific devices. The way I would do this with a consumer router is to do what I'm trying to do here; assign static DHCP to those devices then configure PAT for ports on those addresses.

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• Windows cannot find the host name "download.microsoft.com" using DNS

  - by joedotnot

  When trying to download a file found on the Microsoft downloads center that starts with, for example, http://download.microsoft.com/download/6/8/7/(some_GUID)/(some_file_name.ext) i get a timeout with "Internet Explorer cannot display the webpage". More information says: Internet connectivity has been lost. The website is temporarily unavailable. The Domain Name Server (DNS) is not reachable. The Domain Name Server (DNS) does not have a listing for the website's domain. If this is an HTTPS (secure) address, click Tools, click Internet Options, click Advanced, and check to be sure the SSL and TLS protocols are enabled under the security section. Diagnose Connection problems says: Windows cannot find the host name "download.microsoft.com" using DNS Bear with me while i expand on the problem: It all started when i tried to download Windows XP mode for my Windows 7 machine. I went to the virtual PC site, then thru the motions of Windows Genuine Advantage which validated ok, but when it redirects to grab the file just times out with above error. (NB: i also tried with the latest Chrome and Firefox but no use due to the Genuine Advantage stuff, so i decided to stick with IE). I am behind an ADSL2+ modem router connecting via wireless (Win 7 Pro laptop); so i hop over to the desktop connected via ethernet (Vista Business), and same result; begin to think site download.microsoft.com site is down. So i give it a break an read up on EDNS, flushing the cache, hosts file, etc... Try again an hour later on the Win 7 machine, still no go; so i turn off the Win 7 (software) firewall, and lo and behold, i can connect and grab any files from download.microsoft.com; (...nice, so we have a Micro$0ft firewall preventing access to a Micro$0ft website, no wonder my auto-updates kept failing but that's another story). But i still am not happy that the desktop connected via ethernet still cannot get to download.microsoft.com, even though i turned off all firewalls, defenders, anti-virus, etc. What is so special / specific about the url download.microsoft.com, any other site is ok, including www.microsoft.com. Any networking guru know what's REALLY going on, and how can i get the desktop to connect? Ping download.microsoft.com - Ping request could not find host download.microsoft.com. Please check the name and try again. Ping google.com or even www.microsoft.com works gives me an IP address. NB: On the wireless laptop ping download.microsoft.com works, i get xxxx.ms.akamai.net [202.7.177.33].

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• HAProxy causing delay

  - by user1221444

  I am trying to configure HAProxy to do load balancing for a custom webserver I created. Right now I am noticing an increasing delay with HAProxy as the size of the return message increases. For example, I ran four different tests, here are the results: Response 15kb through HAProxy: Avg. response time: .34 secs Transacation rate: 763 trans/sec Throughput: 11.08 MB/sec Response 2kb through HAProxy: Avg. response time: .08 secs Transaction rate: 1171 trans / sec Throughput: 2.51 MB/sec Response 15kb directly to server: Avg. response time: .11 sec Transaction rate: 1046 trans/sec throughput: 15.20 MB/sec Response 2kb directly to server: Avg. Response time: .05 secs Transaction rate: 1158 trans/sec Throughput: 2.48 MB/sec All transactions are HTTP requests. As you can see, there seems to be a much bigger difference between response times for when the response is bigger, than when it is smaller. I understand there will be a slight delay when using HAProxy. Not sure if it matters, but the test itself was run using siege. And during the test there was only one server behind the HAProxy(the same that was used in the direct to server tests). Here is my haproxy.config file: global log 127.0.0.1 local0 log 127.0.0.1 local1 notice maxconn 10000 user haproxy group haproxy daemon #debug defaults log global mode http option httplog option dontlognull retries 3 option redispatch option httpclose maxconn 10000 contimeout 10000 clitimeout 50000 srvtimeout 50000 balance roundrobin stats enable stats uri /stats listen lb1 10.1.10.26:80 maxconn 10000 server app1 10.1.10.200:8080 maxconn 5000 I couldn't find much in terms of options in this file that would help my problem. I have heard suggestions that I may have to adjust a few of my sysctl settings. I could not find a lot of information on this however, most documentation is for Linux 2.4 and 2.6 on the sysctl stuff, I am running 3.2(Ubuntu server 12.04), which seems to auto tuning, so I have no clue what I should or shouldn't be changing. Most settings changes I tried had no effect or a negative effect on performance. Just a notice, this is a very preliminary test, and my hope is that at deployment time, my HAProxy will be able to balance 10k-20k requests/sec to many servers, so if anyone could provide information to help me reach that goal, it would be much appreciated. Thank you very much for any information you can provide. And if you need anymore information from me please let me know, I will get you anything I can.

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