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  • How do I stop someone from saturating my line & wasting CPU cycles

    - by JoshRibs
    My web host shows inbound & outbound traffic with mrtg. I have a steady 3.5mbps inbound traffic from Nigeria. Even assuming the source IPs & destination ports are blocked with Iptables & verifying nothing is listening on those ports, will the traffic still always pass through the switch & "get" to my server (where my server wastes CPU cycles "dropping" the packets)? Assuming I was setup with a hardware firewall, the traffic would still show in mrtg assuming the firewall is behind the switch? So is there any way to stop someone from saturating your 100mbps line, if they also have a 100mbps line? Other than filing an abuse complaint with the kind folks in Nigeria?

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  • How do you backup your own files? [on hold]

    - by Antonis Christofides
    I'm a system administrator and I use rsnapshot to backup some servers, duplicity for some others. Both work fine, each one with advantages and disadvantages. Despite that, I am at a loss on how to backup my own private files. I'd use duplicity to automatically backup my files to a remote server; but the problem is that once in a while I must do a full backup. My emails and important files are 9G, and I expect this to increase. Uploading through aDSL at 1Mbit would be 20 hours. Too much. rsnapshot doesn't require periodic full backups (only the first time), but it must be running on the remote server and have a means to connect to my computer; if the server is compromised (or simply if the NSA decides to use it), my own machine is also compromised. Not good. The only solution I've come up with is use encfs, use unison to synchronize the files to a remote server, and use duplicity or rsnapshot on the remote server to backup these files. In that case, the question is whether I can sync the files on many computers; is it possible for encfs to be used with the same key on many computers? I also think that if I append one character to the unencrypted file, its encrypted encfs counterpart might change a lot, so that incrementals with duplicity would be less efficient—but not a big deal. Maybe also, when I need to restore a file, finding the correct file to restore could be a pain, because of filename encryption. I wonder whether there is any other possibility that I've overlooked. Maybe I'm asking too much for my personal use, and I should settle with an external disk?

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  • moving files and directories between two machine, via a third, preserving permissions and usernames

    - by Jarmund
    The situation is as follows: Machine A has a file repository accessible via rsync Machine B needs the above mentioned files with all permissions and ownerships intact (including groups etc) Machine C has access to both A and B, but has a completely different set of users. Normally, i would just rsync everything over, directly between A and B, but due to severely limited bandwidth at the moment, i need something different, as rsync times out after building the list of the 430 files (49Mb uncompressed... can be compressed down to ~7Mb). What i've tried so far: rsync everything over from A to C, tar it, copy the tarball over, and then untar it, however, this messes up the ownership and/or the permissions. To rsync it from A to C, i run this command: rsync --numeric-ids --password-file=/root/rsync_pwd_file -oaPvu rsync://[email protected]/portal_2/ ./portal_2/ ...and from the looks of things, they do end up on C with the correct ownerships/permissions/flags/everything (not 100% sure, though.. are there any more switches i can throw in there? did i miss something?) copying the tarball over is simple enough (slow as a one-legged turtle due to the bandwidth, but it checksums out alright) What i'm unsure of is the flags and switches for creating and extracting the tarball, so could someone please provide the full commands for creating a tarball from /root/portal_2 on machine C (with everything intact) and extracting the tarball into /var/ex/portal_2 on machine B? ? Also, are there any other approaches worth mentioning that could allow me to perform this? I have root access to A and C, whereas i only have rsync access to B. PS: I'm running rsync v2.6.9 on machine B, and unfortunately i do not have the oportunity to upgrade to v3

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  • USER_LOGIN audit log with incorrect auid value?

    - by hijinx
    We have a CentOS 6.2 x86_64 system that's logging what looks to be erroneous audit information. We were receiving alerts for failed logins by a user who wasn't actually trying to log in. After some diagnosis, we figured out that the source of the events is our tool that periodically checks to see if SSH is answering. When that happens, we see this log this entry: type=USER_LOGIN msg=audit(1340312224.011:489216): user pid=28787 uid=0 auid=501 ses=8395 subj=unconfined_u:system_r:sshd_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023 msg='op=login acct=28756E6B6E6F776E207A01234567 exe="/usr/sbin/sshd" hostname=? addr=127.0.0.1 terminal=ssh res=failed' This is the entry we get whenever there is an incomplete ssh connection, but usually the auid is the same as the ses= value. For some reason, on this system, it's using a particular user's auid, regardless of the login user. For example, ssh'ng to this system as [email protected] and cancelling before providing a password generates this error. Attempting to log to an unrelated account with a bogus password will also create an entry with the incorrect auid value.

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  • volume group disappeared after xfs_check run

    - by John P
    EDIT** I have a volume group consisting of 5 RAID1 devices grouped together into a lvm and formatted with xfs. The 5th RAID device lost its RAID config (cat /proc/mdstat does not show anything). The two drives are still present (sdj and sdk), but they have no partitions. The LVM appeared to be happily using sdj up until recently. (doing a pvscan showed the first 4 RAID1 devices + /dev/sdj) I removed the LVM from the fstab, rebooted, then ran xfs_check on the LV. It ran for about half an hour, then stopped with an error. I tried rebooting again, and this time when it came up, the logical volume was no longer there. It is now looking for /dev/md5, which is gone (though it had been using /dev/sdj earlier). /dev/sdj was having read errors, but after replacing the SATA cable, those went away, so the drive appears to be fine for now. Can I modify the /etc/lvm/backup/dedvol, change the device to /dev/sdj and do a vgcfgrestore? I could try doing a pvcreate --uuid KZron2-pPTr-ZYeQ-PKXX-4Woq-6aNc-AG4rRJ /dev/sdj to make it recognize it, but I'm afraid that would erase the data on the drive UPDATE: just changing the pv to point to /dev/sdj did not work vgcfgrestore --file /etc/lvm/backup/dedvol dedvol Couldn't find device with uuid 'KZron2-pPTr-ZYeQ-PKXX-4Woq-6aNc-AG4rRJ'. Cannot restore Volume Group dedvol with 1 PVs marked as missing. Restore failed. pvscan /dev/sdj: read failed after 0 of 4096 at 0: Input/output error Couldn't find device with uuid 'KZron2-pPTr-ZYeQ-PKXX-4Woq-6aNc-AG4rRJ'. Couldn't find device with uuid 'KZron2-pPTr-ZYeQ-PKXX-4Woq-6aNc-AG4rRJ'. Couldn't find device with uuid 'KZron2-pPTr-ZYeQ-PKXX-4Woq-6aNc-AG4rRJ'. Couldn't find device with uuid 'KZron2-pPTr-ZYeQ-PKXX-4Woq-6aNc-AG4rRJ'. PV /dev/sdd2 VG VolGroup00 lvm2 [74.41 GB / 0 free] PV /dev/md2 VG dedvol lvm2 [931.51 GB / 0 free] PV /dev/md3 VG dedvol lvm2 [931.51 GB / 0 free] PV /dev/md0 VG dedvol lvm2 [931.51 GB / 0 free] PV /dev/md4 VG dedvol lvm2 [931.51 GB / 0 free] PV unknown device VG dedvol lvm2 [1.82 TB / 63.05 GB free] Total: 6 [5.53 TB] / in use: 6 [5.53 TB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ] vgscan Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while... /dev/sdj: read failed after 0 of 4096 at 0: Input/output error /dev/sdj: read failed after 0 of 4096 at 2000398843904: Input/output error Found volume group "VolGroup00" using metadata type lvm2 Found volume group "dedvol" using metadata type lvm2 vgdisplay dedvol --- Volume group --- VG Name dedvol System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 5 Metadata Sequence No 10 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 1 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 5 Act PV 5 VG Size 5.46 TB PE Size 4.00 MB Total PE 1430796 Alloc PE / Size 1414656 / 5.40 TB Free PE / Size 16140 / 63.05 GB VG UUID o1U6Ll-5WH8-Pv7Z-Rtc4-1qYp-oiWA-cPD246 dedvol { id = "o1U6Ll-5WH8-Pv7Z-Rtc4-1qYp-oiWA-cPD246" seqno = 10 status = ["RESIZEABLE", "READ", "WRITE"] flags = [] extent_size = 8192 # 4 Megabytes max_lv = 0 max_pv = 0 physical_volumes { pv0 { id = "Msiee7-Zovu-VSJ3-Y2hR-uBVd-6PaT-Ho9v95" device = "/dev/md2" # Hint only status = ["ALLOCATABLE"] flags = [] dev_size = 1953519872 # 931.511 Gigabytes pe_start = 384 pe_count = 238466 # 931.508 Gigabytes } pv1 { id = "ZittCN-0x6L-cOsW-v1v4-atVN-fEWF-e3lqUe" device = "/dev/md3" # Hint only status = ["ALLOCATABLE"] flags = [] dev_size = 1953519872 # 931.511 Gigabytes pe_start = 384 pe_count = 238466 # 931.508 Gigabytes } pv2 { id = "NRNo0w-kgGr-dUxA-mWnl-bU5v-Wld0-XeKVLD" device = "/dev/md0" # Hint only status = ["ALLOCATABLE"] flags = [] dev_size = 1953519872 # 931.511 Gigabytes pe_start = 384 pe_count = 238466 # 931.508 Gigabytes } pv3 { id = "2EfLFr-JcRe-MusW-mfAs-WCct-u4iV-W0pmG3" device = "/dev/md4" # Hint only status = ["ALLOCATABLE"] flags = [] dev_size = 1953519872 # 931.511 Gigabytes pe_start = 384 pe_count = 238466 # 931.508 Gigabytes } pv4 { id = "KZron2-pPTr-ZYeQ-PKXX-4Woq-6aNc-AG4rRJ" device = "/dev/md5" # Hint only status = ["ALLOCATABLE"] flags = [] dev_size = 3907028992 # 1.81935 Terabytes pe_start = 384 pe_count = 476932 # 1.81935 Terabytes } }

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  • How to search a text file for strings between two tokens in Ubuntu terminal and save the output?

    - by Blue
    How can I search a text file for this pattern in Ubuntu terminal and save the output as a text file? I'm looking for everything between the string "abc" and the string "cde" in a long list of data. For example: blah blah abc fkdljgn cde blah blah blah blah blah blah abc skdjfn cde blah In the example above I would be looking for an output such as this: fkdljgn skdjfn It is important that I can also save the data output as a text file. Can I use grep or agrep and if so, what is the format?

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  • Tuning MySQL to consume less memory

    - by Alex
    I have a VM which has 2GB Ram, (full specs) And I am setting up a site which has one table in particular with over a million records. There's little or no usage of this particular database (perhaps once or twice a day) but simply running mysql grinds the whole server to a halt. I've looked through the top results but nothing is really denting the CPU however the memory seems to be the issue. The site isnt even live of taking requests yet. the memory situation looks like this: # free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 2006 1880 126 0 3 53 -/+ buffers/cache: 1823 183 Swap: 2047 345 1702 Are there any good pointers to tune mysql to stop hogging the system memory? Thanks very much EDIT: (requested by 8bit): http://tny.cz/b41a0b12

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  • I need to somehow change my ip address

    - by tric
    hello. i`m in a lan using iptables/masquerade. what i want to do, is to login in a web application.i write my user and passwd and click login and everything is fine, but if i try to modify something in that aplication it tells me that i have a wrong ip address.i knwo for sure that this app only allows ip 10.3.x.x .how can i trick that application to think that i have an ip from class 10.3.x.x and not my wan ip? 10x sorry for my bad english!

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  • Setting umask for all users

    - by Yarin
    I'm trying to set the default umask to 002 for all users including root on my CentOS box. According to this and other answers, this can be achieved by editing /etc/profile. However the comments at the top of that file say: It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this will prevent the need for merging in future updates. So I went ahead and created the following file: /etc/profile.d/myapp.sh with the single line: umask 002 Now, when I create a file logged in as root, the file is born with 664 permissions, the way I had hoped. But files created by my Apache wsgi application, or files created with sudo, still default to 644 permissions... $ touch newfile (as root): Result = 664 (Works) $ sudo touch newfile: Result = 644 (Doesn't work) Files created by Apache wsgi app: Result = 644 (Doesn't work) Files created by Python's RotatingFileHandler: Result = 644 (Doesn't work) Why is this happening, and how can I ensure 664 file permissions system wide, no matter what creates the file? UPDATE: I ended up finding a cleaner solution to this on a per-directory basis using ACLs, which I describe here.

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  • Ubuntu+Win7--disk error press any key to restart

    - by Siddharth
    Apparently,none of the solutions in any other posts and forums worked for me For some reasons I decided to remove ubuntu from my hard disk drive. My partition table(presently): (/dev/sda1) (fat32) 900 MiB ---(MBR,I suppose) (/dev/sda2) (ntfs) 70 GiB -----(Windows 7) (/dev/sda3) (ntfs) 314.88 GiB --(Personal File storage) (/dev/sda4) (ext4) 80 GiB -----(Ubuntu 13.04) (unallocated) -----1.31 MiB So,after moving(cut-paste) everything(for backup) from the fat32 partition using win7..I booted into Ubuntu and copied the remaining 3 files(hidden in Win7 file explorer) --bootmgr,bootsect.bak,and one more which I do not remember.TERRIBLE MISTAKE After this I again booted into Windows and deleted ext4 partition..formatted it to ntfs..and shut down the pc.Then,I put in a Win7 bootable USB..using command prompt I entered bootrec /fixmbr,and bootrec /fixboot.. Restarting showed me the GRUB..choosing windows 7 showed me "Disk Error. Press any key to restart." I also installed a fresh Win7 installation on the 80 GiB partition expecting a Windows Legacy Bootloader with two win7 options..but did not work. Then..I used a Ubuntu LiveUSB to put it back to the present configuration(above) since all methods to restore the MBR failed.. I copied back the fat32 partitions backup files but couldn't copy those 3 files.Somehow ,they had been recreated and were non-replaceable. I do not want to format the win7 partition for a fresh one. I have used boot-repair..Restore MBR option brings back to "Disk error...." without even going through grub..so I reinstalled grub and I'm able to boot into Ubuntu. grub menu shows the win7 option as "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda1)". paste.ubuntu.com/5753710 paste.ubuntu.com/5775999

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  • How do I stop ssh-agent from forgetting my password after I login to the screen session from SSH?

    - by Shwouchk
    I have a screen session open in an lxterminal window. If I SSH somewhere, the first time it happens, an ssh-agent window opens and asks me for my private key passphrase, and after that ssh goes right on. If I log in from outside to this machine and attach to the screen session however, ssh-agent now asks me every time I connect for my passphrase, in the terminal. Is there a way to avoid this and to let it continue using the X agent, or at least to have the non-X agent remember the passphrase?

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  • PHP Page Stopped outputting content After Running "yum install php-devel" Command

    - by stwhite
    This error is bizarre but after running the "yum install php-devel" command (after a long day of trying to install Facedetect and OpenCV for face detection) my site stopped functioning. The site uses mysql and php. When you hit the url, the page executes the mysql and the php, but it appears to randomly stop outputting the content of the page. None of the code was changed and the site was working flawlessly prior to running the mentioned ssh command. I do use output buffering in the site, but after removing the calls "ob_flush", "ob_end_flush" and "ob_start" it didn't appear to help—still having issues with the site. Any ideas what this could be? Here is output from terminal: [myserver ~]# cd Facedetect-4b1dfe1 [myserver Facedetect-4b1dfe1]# phpize Configuring for: PHP Api Version: 20090626 Zend Module Api No: 20090626 Zend Extension Api No: 220090626 [myserver Facedetect-4b1dfe1]# configure bash: configure: command not found [myserver Facedetect-4b1dfe1]# phpize && configure && make && make install Configuring for: PHP Api Version: 20090626 Zend Module Api No: 20090626 Zend Extension Api No: 220090626 bash: configure: command not found bash: Read: command not found [myserver Facedetect-4b1dfe1]# make make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found. Stop. [myserver Facedetect-4b1dfe1]# yum install php5-devel

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  • How to execute home directory shell script file in php

    - by vvr
    How to execute /home/scripts/test.sh file in php Previously i have placed 'test.sh' file in the /usr/bin and calling in my php file like this exec('test.sh ' . escapeshellarg($testString)); But for security reasons i moved .sh file to /home/scripts directory and in my php i am calling like this exec('/home/scripts/test.sh ' . escapeshellarg($testString)); But it is not working now. Please suggest me how to achieve this.

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  • How do I start mysqld with options

    - by xiankai
    I need to start up mysqld with command line options as from here: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/server-options.html#option_mysqld_skip-grant-tables I normally do sudo service mysqld start, but passing the option as sudo service mysqld start --skip-grant-tables does not seem to work. Alternatively I have tried starting as a daemon, sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables & But it seems to terminate too soon: 131101 04:59:57 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/lib/mysql/vagrant.example.com.err'. 131101 04:59:57 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql 131101 05:00:03 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/lib/mysql/vagrant.example.com.pid ended My last option seems to specify the option in /etc/my.cnf instead, but is there any way to do it via the command line?

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  • DNS propagation

    - by Paddington
    I have 1 primary DNS server (ns1.mydomain.com) running on Fedora and 2 secondary ones (ns2 and ns3). DNS changes made on my web servers first goes to the primary name server and then propagates to the secondary servers. After making a DNS change on a domain on the web server, I can't see the new dns information on my ns1 when I perform: dig @ns1 A blahblah.com I then went to the master records on the names server (uses named) in the directory /var/named/run-root/var/named/masters and I see the A record has been updated appropriately. Tailing the logs /var/log/messages is not showing any errors. What could be the issue?

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  • How does Slackware handle security updates?

    - by Abtin Forouzandeh
    I use a distribution that uses apt for package management and am accustomed to letting apt grab a list of package changes. I generally let it install all the needed security updates. I've been considering migrating to slackware. However, it seems slackware does not have a package management system. How would I learn about new security updates? Is the only way to monitor http://www.slackware.com/security/?

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  • Can only bring up one of two interfaces

    - by mstaessen
    I'm having a bizarre issue with my HP Proliant DL 360 G4p server. It has two gigabit ethernet interfaces but I can bring up only one of them. This is starting to freak me out and that's why I turned here. I'm running the x64 ubuntu 11.10 server edition. lshw -c network shows that the second interface is disabled. I have no idea why ans how to enable it. $ sudo lshw -c network *-network:0 description: Ethernet interface product: NetXtreme BCM5704 Gigabit Ethernet vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 2 bus info: pci@0000:02:02.0 logical name: eth0 version: 10 serial: 00:18:71:e3:6d:26 size: 100Mbit/s capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: pcix pm vpd msi bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=tg3 driverversion=3.119 duplex=full firmware=5704-v3.27b, ASFIPMIc v2.36 ip=10.48.8.x latency=64 link=yes mingnt=64 multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=100Mbit/s resources: irq:25 memory:fdf70000-fdf7ffff *-network:1 DISABLED description: Ethernet interface product: NetXtreme BCM5704 Gigabit Ethernet vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 2.1 bus info: pci@0000:02:02.1 logical name: eth1 version: 10 serial: 00:18:71:e3:6d:25 capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: pcix pm vpd msi bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=tg3 driverversion=3.119 firmware=5704-v3.27b latency=64 link=no mingnt=64 multicast=yes port=twisted pair resources: irq:26 memory:fdf60000-fdf6ffff If I try to ifup eth1, then I get $ sudo ifup eth1 Ignoring unknown interface eth1=eth1. I figured that's what happens when there is no eth1 listed in /etc/network/interfaces. But when I add the configuration for eth1, I still can't ifup. $ sudo ifup eth1 RTNETLINK answers: File exists Failed to bring up eth1. I've also tried ifconfig eth1 up but without any result. For clarity, I have added a masked version of /etc/network/interfaces. I don't think it is the cause of the problem though. $ cat /etc/network/interfaces # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 10.48.8.x netmask 255.255.255.y network 10.48.8.z broadcast 10.48.8.t gateway 10.48.8.u auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 193.190.253.x netmask 255.255.255.y network 193.190.253.z broadcast 193.190.253.t gateway 193.190.253.u I really need some help fixing this. It's driving me crazy. Thanks.

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  • Corosync - stopping the service crashes the server

    - by Antipop
    I am trying to set up a test cluster on a Xen Server with 2 paravirtualized CentOS 5.4 machines. I am using Pacemaker+Corosync, and following the instructions found at http://www.clusterlabs.org/doc/Cluster_from_Scratch.pdf and other sites. Anyway, when I try to manually stop the corosync service, about 80% of the times the whole VM locks up with the message "Waiting for corosync services to unload" and I am forced to shut the machine down manually. For the remaining 20%, the VM keeps responding and adds dots to the above message, but it won't actually stop the service. There aren't many resources on the internet about this particular error. Any ideas about this? Thanks in advance.

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  • Why does deleting from the command line take significantly less time than from a GUI?

    - by Jordan Plahn
    So this is probably the dumbest question you'll read today, but it's something I just wondered about as I was deleting a dozen or so images from my computer. With a quick rm -rf command on the directory's contents, all the images were gone in a snap. When I drag the same dozen or so images to a trash can/recycle ban, it takes sometimes 10 seconds or more. Now I'm sure some of it comes from the overhead of the GUI and such, and some of it may be the fact that the file still "exists" in some form if it's put into the recycle bin, but is there anything else that accounts for such a huge time disparity? Are "rm" and "delete" just such fundamentally different commands so I'm trying to compare apples and oranges? Enlighten me, please!

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  • Symlink across local volumes in webroot?

    - by geerlingguy
    I am looking for a good short-term solution to storage space concerns on my website. Currently, I have all uploaded files (flash video, images, etc.) inside the 'files' directory in my web root (/home/account/public_html/files). That directory is located on my high-speed main hard drive (a 15k SCSI drive). I have another drive with much more capacity, but spinning at 10k rpm (so still fast, but not as good for random reads/writes as the main drive. The entire drive is mounted at /backup Right now I'm just using it as a backup volume. I would like to create a symlink from my /home/account/public_html/files folder to /backup/files, and have all files reside on the second drive. However, if someone accesses a file at http://www.example.com/files/filename.jpg, would it still work if I symlinked to the second drive? (Basically, would Apache/PHP automatically know to follow the symlink for that directory?).

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