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  • How to understand cpu family/model/stepping fields in /proc/cpuinfo [closed]

    - by Victor Sorokin
    I have following in cpuinfo: processor : 0 vendor_id : AuthenticAMD cpu family : 15 model : 107 model name : AMD Athlon(tm) 64 X2 Dual Core Processor 5600+ stepping : 2 According to Wikipedia page there are two kinds of 5600+ -- one of 90nm technology, another of 65nm. How can I understand which one I have? There seem to be no direct correspondence between contents of cpuinfo and info on Wikipedia page. AMD site seems to use some other naming scheme for processors too. How can I map values of family, model and stepping from cpuinfo to the data available on Wikipedia/AMD?

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  • SSH reverse tunnel to monitor and manage remote devices

    - by acid_crucifix
    I have a set a distributed set of devices running Ubuntu 12.04 that I am distributing to clients. I would like to manage them remotely. They may not have fixed IPs and potentially might be behind firewalls. What I am planning to do is have the devices (permanently connected to the net) poll a request URL and based on the response open a reverse tunnel to my server, so that I can access them via that tunnel. Most of what I read about reverse tunnel over SSH is for single use cases and very little about heavy production usage. Is there some reason for this, security issues? or stability? Any help would be much obliged.

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  • Kickstart Partitioning Configuration

    - by Flo
    I'be been trying to run a kickstart script with the following partition configuration: #Clear the masterboot record zerombr bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append=" rhgb crashkernel=auto quiet" # Set up the partitions/logical volumes/logical groups clearpart --all part /boot --fstype=ext4 --asprimary --size=512 --ondisk=sda part swap --size=2048 --fstype=swap --ondisk=sda part pv.01 --fstype=ext4 --grow --size=200 --ondisk=sda part pv.02 --fstype=ext4 --grow --size=200 --ondisk=sdb volgroup VolGroup pv.01 pv.02 --pesize=32768 logvol /opt --fstype=ext4 --name=opt.fs --vgname=VolGroup --size=40000 logvol / --fstype=ext4 --name=root.fs --vgname=VolGroup --size=78000 I have two hard drives and it looks to me like its a really simple configuration. When I run the kickstart I keep getting all these errors that have to do with python files for configuring partitions. The only actual maybe useful piece of information is KeyError /dev/sda/ I tried a number of alterations of this configuration but nothing really worked. Any ideas?

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  • How do i allow users to execute commands via ssh without allocating a psuedo-terminal

    - by Dani El
    I need to allow users to run a limited set of commands. But not to allow them to create interactive sessions. Just like GitHub does. If you try to ssh without a command it greetings you and close the session. I can acquire this by using ForceCommand some-script But getting in some-script i then need to eval user's input. Perhaps any other NoTTY-like option in sshd_config? --- UPDATE --- i'm looking for a pure SSH / Bash solution, not Perl/Python/etc. hacks.

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  • Ubuntu X doesn't start

    - by den-javamaniac
    I'm running desktop Ubuntu 9.10 on my Dell laptop. Previously it was Ubuntu 9.04. After some period of time (lets say 3-4 months) my X fails to start automatically after some restart calls. If that takes place my network manager applet doesn't start either (after I do startx). Can any one point out what I'm missing/what's the problem?

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  • join videos split screen

    - by Richard
    I am looking for a command line tool to join 2 video files, however I want the videos joined split screen frame by frame instead of one after another. Any ideas? Seems this is not possible with ffmpeg.

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  • Galera install failure on Fedora 18

    - by ehime
    I've been trying to reinstall MariaDB and have been encountering multiple issues, $ yum install Mariadb-Galera-server Error: Package: MariaDB-Galera-server-5.5.29-1.i386 (mariadb) Requires: galera Available: galera-23.2.4-1.rhel5.i386 (mariadb) galera galera = 23.2.4-1.rhel5 You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest there is a requirement that libssl.so.6 and libcrypto.ssl.6 are installed, these DO show up in my /lib64 and /lib though as linked items. /usr/lib -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1356700 Nov 23 2010 libcrypto.so.0.9.8e lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Jun 28 12:03 libcrypto.so.6 -> libcrypto.so.0.9.8e -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 394272 Mar 18 14:22 libssl.so.1.0.1e lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Jun 28 12:03 libssl.so.6 -> libssl.so.0.9.8e /usr/lib64 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1849680 Mar 18 14:21 libcrypto.so.1.0.1e lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 Jun 28 11:54 libcrypto.so.6 -> /lib64/libcrypto.so.1.0.1e -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 421712 Mar 18 14:21 libssl.so.1.0.1e lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 Jun 28 11:54 libssl.so.6 -> /lib64/libssl.so.1.0.1e So the deps SHOULD be met, trying to $ yum install galera returns this Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package galera.i386 0:23.2.4-1.rhel5 will be installed --> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes. --> Running transaction check ---> Package galera.i386 0:23.2.4-1.rhel5 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution No errors? but no install either .... ? lets try wget and rpm'ing the package instead I guess? $ wget https://launchpad.net/galera/2.x/23.2.4/+download/galera-23.2.4-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm $ rpm -ivh galera-23.2.4-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm This issues the dreaded error: Failed dependencies: libcrypto.so.6()(64bit) is needed by galera-23.2.4-1.rhel5.x86_64 libssl.so.6()(64bit) is needed by galera-23.2.4-1.rhel5.x86_64 But we saw above these packages are here =( Whats going on?? Is openssl not installed? $ yum install openssl Loaded plugins: langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit Package 1:openssl-1.0.1e-4.fc18.x86_64 already installed and latest version Nothing to do Its there.... ??? wth Fedora?

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  • What should I encrypt in Debian during install?

    - by ianfuture
    I have seen various guides and recommendations on web about how best to do this but nothing that clearly explains the best way and why. So I understand there is a need for part of Debian during install to be un-encrypted on its own partition to allow it to boot. Most info I have seen is call this /boot and set the boot flag. Next I believe the best approach is to create another partition out of all the rest of the disk space, encrypt this, then on top of that create a LVM and then within the LVM create my various partitions , name them , select size, and file system type. Can I include /swap in the encrypted LVM part ? Is this approach sound? If so what are the partitions I should use (this is going to be a minimal server install with a view to install as and when what I need for a dev server)? Finally how does the installer know what to put in each partition I define ? I appreciate there are more than one question but any help and suggestions would be appreciated. If further clarification is needed please mention in the comments . Thanks.. Ian

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  • dns server bind is not work [closed]

    - by user1742080
    I just installed bind on RHEL 6 and point a domain to that server. but actually when i ping domain it returns error 1214: Here is my named.conf: // // named.conf // // Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BIND named(8) DNS // server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS resolver only). // // See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files. // options { listen-on port 53 { any; }; listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; }; directory "/var/named"; dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db"; statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt"; memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt"; allow-query { any; }; recursion yes; dnssec-enable yes; dnssec-validation yes; dnssec-lookaside auto; /* Path to ISC DLV key */ bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key"; managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic"; }; logging { channel default_debug { file "data/named.run"; severity dynamic; }; }; zone "." IN { type hint; file "named.ca"; }; include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones"; include "/etc/named.root.key"; zone "mydomain.com"{ type master; file "/var/named/data/named.mydomain.com"; allow-update { none; }; }; AND The content of "/var/named/data/named.mydomain.com": 1 $TTL 38400 2 3 mydomain.com. IN SOA ns1.mydomain.com. milad.yahoo.com. ( 4 2012101201 ; serial number YYMMDDNN 5 28800 ; Refresh 6 7200 ; Retry 7 864000 ; Expire 8 38400 ; Min TTL 9 ) 10 11 mydomain.com. IN A 1.2.3.4 12 www IN A 1.2.3.4 13 ns1.mydomain.com. IN A 1.2.3.4 14 ns2.mydomain.com. IN A 1.2.3.4 15 mydomain.com. IN NS ns1.mydomain.com. 16 mydomain.com. IN NS ns2.mydomain.com. AND i'm sure the named service is running: [root@server ~]# service named status version: 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.3 CPUs found: 8 worker threads: 8 number of zones: 20 debug level: 0 xfers running: 0 xfers deferred: 0 soa queries in progress: 0 query logging is OFF recursive clients: 0/0/1000 tcp clients: 0/100 server is up and running named (pid 26299) is running...

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  • Advertise a subnet route with radvd

    - by Thomas Berger
    we have set up a small IPv6 Testing network. The setup looks like this: ::/0 +----------+ | Firewall | Router to the public net +----------+ | 2001:...::/106 | +----------+ +-------| SIT GW | sit Tunnel gatway to the some test users | +----------+ | +----------+ | Test Sys | Testsystem +----------+ The idea is to advertise the default route from the firewall and the route for the SIT subnets from the sit gateway. The configurations for radvd are: # Firewall interface eth0 { AdvSendAdvert on; route ::/0 { }; }; # SIT Gatway interface eth0 { AdvSendAdvert on; route 2001:...::/106 { }; }; We have captured the adv. packages with tcpdump and the packages looks good. We see a default route from the fw, and the subnet route from the SIT gatway. But if we look on the testsystem there are two default routes over both gateways. There is no subnet route. The routing does not work of course. Here the routes we get: 2001:.....::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 fe80::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 default via fe80::baac:6fff:fe8e:XXXX dev eth0 proto kernel metric 1024 expires 0sec mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 64 default via fe80::e415:aeff:fe12:XXXX dev eth0 proto kernel metric 1024 expires 0sec mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 64 Any Idea?

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  • Why doesn't NFS recognize a new UID?

    - by user76177
    I have two servers running RHEL6. I have root access to both. The main server, which I will refer to as server, is a database server. The application server, which I will refer to as client, mounts a directory from server via NFS. There is a user, appuser, on both client and server. However, appuser's UID on client is 502. appuser's UID on server is 506. Both users need read and write capability on the NFS share. To facilitate this, I made the share owned by appuser on server. Running id appuser on each yields: uid=506(appuser). Of course, client does not recognize that ownership, since appuser has a different id on client. So I did the following: Changed UID of user in /etc/passwd on client to be 506. Changed ownership of appuser's $HOME on client to be appuser again so that I could log in. Now, when I go to look at the NFS share from the client side, I see that it is owned by 502. 502 is the OLD id for appuser on client. I can't change ownership of the NFS share from client, since that is a volume that physically resides on server. I need to make sure that the NFS share shows ownership of appuser from both server and client. What step have I missed since changing the appuser id on client? NOTE: I have not rebooted client (or anything else.)

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  • CentOS 5.8 - Can't login to tty1 as root after updates?

    - by slashp
    I've ran a yum update on my CentOS 5.8 box and now I am unable to log into the console as root. Basically what happens is I receive the login prompt, enter the correct username and password, and am immediately spit back to the login prompt. If I enter an incorrect password, I am told the password is incorrect, therefore I know that I am using the proper credentials. The only log I can seem to find of what's going on is /var/log/secure which simply contains: 15:33:41 centosbox login: pam_unix(login:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0) 15:33:41 centosbox login: ROOT LOGIN ON tty1 15:33:42 centosbox login: pam_unix(login:session): session closed for user root The shell is never spawned. I've checked my inittab which looks like so: 1:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty1 2:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty2 3:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty3 4:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty4 5:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty5 6:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty6 And my /etc/passwd which properly has bash listed for my root user: root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash As well as permissions on /tmp (1777) & /root (750). I've attempted re-installing bash, pam, and mingetty to no avail, and confirmed /bin/login exists. Any thoughts would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!! -slashp

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  • DegradedArray event on /dev/md0 without actually having a RAID

    - by J. Stoever
    Since I upgraded from Ubuntu LTS 10 to LTS 12, I have been getting error messages like: N 60 mdadm monitoring Mon Sep 3 06:38 31/1022 DegradedArray event on /dev/md2:Ubuntu-1004-lucid-64-minimal N 61 mdadm monitoring Mon Sep 3 06:38 31/1022 DegradedArray event on /dev/md0:Ubuntu-1004-lucid-64-minimal N 62 mdadm monitoring Mon Sep 3 06:38 31/1022 DegradedArray event on /dev/md1:Ubuntu-1004-lucid-64-minimal We do not have a RAID setup, and only have a single hard drive. Ideas ?

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  • Moving a lot of small files between servers using rsync

    - by Adirael
    Hello guys, I'm moving a lot of files (about 2 millions) between two servers on different locations using rsync over ssh, it seems to work fine but I just realised I'm losing some files on the process. I got server 1, with the original data, and server 2, with the copy. Server 1 runs CentOS 5 and Server 2 runs on Ubuntu 10. I'm doing the transfer on the Server's 2 command line like this: rsync -e ssh -avzn usr@server1:/remote/path /local/path The first file movement I did using tar, but I didn't though of piping it through ssh and it failed cause the disk on server 1 was almost full, so I transfered it anyways (it was about 200GB) and got about 80% of the files. Then I piped another tar with the rest of the files (they're in folders, I got 100 folders with about 30 subfolders each, with files inside) and now I got everything on server 2. I wanted to be sure, so I my two options are getting the md5sum of all the files and check them or running an rsync on server 2 against server 1, that's what I did. It got some missing stuff and now it says there's nothing more to do (DRY RUN). But I got at least two files that are missing inside a subfolder. I ran that same rsync on that folder, but still dry run. Am I doing something wrong? Thanks, and sorry for the wall of text.

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  • processes slow after some time of actively running

    - by Yervand Aghababyan
    i have several cron jobs running on an ubuntu machine. each one does some pretty heavy load stuff. The cron jobs are parsing files and the bigger the file the longer it takes them to parse it. The strange thing is that if i make the files too big ( like 30mb) the script kind of hangs. It starts processing them really enthusiastically but after some time (something like 5-10 minutes) the cpu usage of the process drops a lot and it gets into some "zombie" state. If prior to this the process in htop was using 70-80% of the CPU then after this drop occurs it slows down to something like 5-10%. the load average drops down as well. The status of the processes sometimes changes to D in htop, which AFAIR stands for zombie. Today i noticed the same behavior of processes of mysql when executing heavy queries (a query took something like 4 hours to execute). the cron jobs are mostly php and during their processing most of the CPU eats the php process and not mysql. so i think the issue is not with a specific language/program but with the way the processes are "managed". The only other place i've seen similar behavior was on my Amazon EC2 micro instance when after some aggressive use of CPU the CPU quota was taking effect and everything was slowing down dramatically. This is a dedicated machine running ubuntu. what may be the cause?

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  • How can I automatically convert all source code files in a folder (recursively) to a single PDF with syntax highlighting?

    - by Bentley4
    I would like to convert source code of a few projects to one printable file to save on a usb and print out easily later. How can I do that? Edit First off I want to clarify that I only want to print the non-hidden files and directories(so no contents of .git e.g.). To get a list of all non-hidden files in non-hidden directories in the current directory you can run the find . -type f ! -regex ".*/\..*" ! -name ".*" command as seen as the answer in this thread. As suggested in that same thread I tried making a pdf file of the files by using the command find . -type f ! -regex ".*/\..*" ! -name ".*" ! -empty -print0 | xargs -0 a2ps -1 --delegate no -P pdf but unfortunately the resulting pdf file is a complete mess.

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  • Sporadic unspecific kernel panic

    - by koma
    I'm experiencing seldom (so far about once a month) hard crashes on our ubuntu server 10.04 LTS box. The box itself is quite old (Dell PowerEdge 750 from 2004, Pentium4 2.8 GHz). I set up netconsole after it crashed twice last thursday and was able to extract the following output: [ 9354.062473] invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP [ 9354.062516] last sysfs file: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-2/2-2:1.0/uevent [ 9354.062555] Modules linked in: ppdev adm1026 hwmon_vid i2c_i801 bridge stp dcdbas psmouse serio_raw netconsole configfs shpchp lp parport usbhid hid e1000 [ 9354.062685] [ 9354.062704] Pid: 3988, comm: rsync Not tainted 2.6.38-12-generic-pae #51~lucid1-Ubuntu Dell Computer Corporation PowerEdge 750 /0R1479 [ 9354.062773] EIP: 0060:[<c104fef1>] EFLAGS: 00010046 CPU: 1 [ 9354.062802] EIP is at check_preempt_wakeup+0x181/0x250 [ 9354.062826] EAX: 00000002 EBX: f2a10ccc ECX: 00000000 EDX: 00000002 [ 9354.062850] ESI: f1db71cc EDI: f1db71a0 EBP: f1dbdea8 ESP: f1dbde8c [ 9354.062875] DS: 007b ES: 007b FS: 00d8 GS: 00e0 SS: 0068 [ 9354.062900] Process rsync (pid: 3988, ti=f1dbc000 task=f1db71a0 task.ti=f1dbc000) [ 9354.062933] Stack: [ 9354.062951] 0053ea60 f7907680 f28da840 f2a10ca0 c153ea60 f7907680 c153ea60 f1dbdebc [ 9354.063019] c103f98a f2a10ca0 f7907680 00000001 f1dbdef8 c104f97f 00000000 f2f0bacc [ 9354.063088] f7904338 00000001 00000003 00000000 f2f0bacc 00000001 00000001 00000086 [ 9354.063157] Call Trace: [ 9354.063183] [<c103f98a>] check_preempt_curr+0x6a/0x80 [ 9354.063210] [<c104f97f>] try_to_wake_up+0x5f/0x3f0 [ 9354.063236] [<c1077a00>] ? hrtimer_wakeup+0x0/0x30 [ 9354.063261] [<c104fd64>] wake_up_process+0x14/0x20 [ 9354.063286] [<c1077a1d>] hrtimer_wakeup+0x1d/0x30 [ 9354.063310] [<c1077f4a>] __run_hrtimer+0x7a/0x1c0 [ 9354.063336] [<c107dbad>] ? ktime_get+0x6d/0x110 [ 9354.063360] [<c1078310>] hrtimer_interrupt+0x120/0x2b0 [ 9354.063390] [<c1535c36>] smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x56/0x8a [ 9354.063418] [<c152f459>] apic_timer_interrupt+0x31/0x38 [ 9354.063446] [<c1520000>] ? mca_attach_bus+0x5/0xc0 [ 9354.063469] Code: 8b 9b 20 01 00 00 8b 86 24 01 00 00 3b 83 24 01 00 00 75 e6 85 db 0f 84 a3 00 00 00 89 da 89 f0 e8 75 f6 fe ff 83 f8 01 0f 85 00 <fe> ff ff 89 f8 e8 95 f9 fe ff 8b 5e 1c 85 db 0f 84 e4 fe ff ff [ 9354.063804] EIP: [<c104fef1>] check_preempt_wakeup+0x181/0x250 SS:ESP 0068:f1dbde8c [ 9354.064231] ---[ end trace 290689cea65aea7f ]--- [ 9354.064290] Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt [ 9354.064352] Pid: 3988, comm: rsync Tainted: G D 2.6.38-12-generic-pae #51~lucid1-Ubuntu [ 9354.064424] Call Trace: [ 9354.064481] [<c152c057>] ? panic+0x5c/0x15b [ 9354.064539] [<c15302bd>] ? oops_end+0xcd/0xd0 [ 9354.064539] [<c100d9e4>] ? die+0x54/0x80 [ 9354.064539] [<c152f926>] ? do_trap+0x96/0xc0 [ 9354.064539] [<c100ba00>] ? do_invalid_op+0x0/0xa0 [ 9354.064539] [<c100ba8b>] ? do_invalid_op+0x8b/0xa0 [ 9354.064539] [<c104fef1>] ? check_preempt_wakeup+0x181/0x250 [ 9354.064539] [<c144884d>] ? __kfree_skb+0x3d/0x90 [ 9354.064539] [<c1042ae7>] ? update_curr+0x247/0x2a0 [ 9354.064539] [<c10447bb>] ? update_cfs_load+0x11b/0x2d0 [ 9354.064539] [<c1042a25>] ? update_curr+0x185/0x2a0 [ 9354.064539] [<c152f6bf>] ? error_code+0x67/0x6c [ 9354.064539] [<c104fef1>] ? check_preempt_wakeup+0x181/0x250 [ 9354.064539] [<c103f98a>] ? check_preempt_curr+0x6a/0x80 [ 9354.064539] [<c104f97f>] ? try_to_wake_up+0x5f/0x3f0 [ 9354.064539] [<c1077a00>] ? hrtimer_wakeup+0x0/0x30 [ 9354.064539] [<c104fd64>] ? wake_up_process+0x14/0x20 [ 9354.064539] [<c1077a1d>] ? hrtimer_wakeup+0x1d/0x30 [ 9354.064539] [<c1077f4a>] ? __run_hrtimer+0x7a/0x1c0 [ 9354.064539] [<c107dbad>] ? ktime_get+0x6d/0x110 [ 9354.064539] [<c1078310>] ? hrtimer_interrupt+0x120/0x2b0 [ 9354.064539] [<c1535c36>] ? smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x56/0x8a [ 9354.064539] [<c152f459>] ? apic_timer_interrupt+0x31/0x38 [ 9354.064539] [<c1520000>] ? mca_attach_bus+0x5/0xc0 Googling for this issue didn't really turn up anything useful (most stuff I found was related to btrfs, but I don't use that, although the module exists and is sometimes loaded). From experience it might have to do with relatively heavy I/O, as two of the panics happened during a backup procedure. Kernel is 2.6.38-12-generic-pae, but I'm pretty sure I also saw panics on 2.6.32. I meanwhile upgraded to 3.0.0-17-generic-pae and am waiting for the next crash ;-) I'm at a loss here, so any pointers where to look for the cause or what it could be would be great :-) Thanks !

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  • HOw to deny a particular mac address client not to obtain ip/name from dhcp & dns server..

    - by Deepak Narwal
    Hello Friends... I configures DHCP server on my rhel 5.4 machine.Clients are getting ip from this DHCP server.NO problem upto this.. NOw i want that a particular mac address client do not pick ip from this dhcp server.. Same question is with my DNS server. I want that a particular mac address client do not pick name from this dns server.. PLz discuss in little bit details i am very new in this field.I am learning these things.I hope YOu will give detailed explaiantion.. Thanks IN ADvance friends..

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  • Debian PPTP VPN can't get out to the internet

    - by phidah
    I've setup a Debian pptp server which seems to be running fine. I can successfully access the local services on the server when connected to the VPN, but I cannot go out of the LAN, i.e. I cannot just go to any server out on the internet. I guess this is come kind of routing issue that won't allow me to use the server as a gateway? I couldn't really find any articles or similar that could tell me how to set this up properly. Thanks in advance.

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  • How to verify TRIM/discard on encrypted swap?

    - by svarni
    I am using an encrypted swap partition via ecryptfs-setup-swap on my Ubuntu 13.04 computer using a SSD. I have manually set up trim for my ext4 root partition (simply by adding the "discard" option in /etc/fstab). I also manually ran fstrim on the root partition prior to booting and using dstat I saw that for a few seconds several GB/s of data have been written to the disk. That was presumably the effect of the trim command. These high writerates are reproducable by deleting huge files and have not occured before setting up trim, so I take them as evidence for working trim/discard. Manually enabling trim on my root partition has stopped the wearout of my precious new disk from 365 used reserved blocks (out of 6176 total) within three months down to 0 additional used reserved blocks within three additional months (data from SMART attributes). Because I want to minimize the wearout of my SSD I now would like to know whether my swap partition (which is encrypted using ecryptfs-setup-swap) also makes use of the trim/discard option. I tried sudo swapon -d -v /dev/mapper/cryptswap1 but did not receive particular information ("-v") about whether trim/discard ("-d") was applied. If unsupported, i would expect a message. Then I tried sudo dd if=/dev/sda6 count=1 BS=1M | xxd | less directly after booting and when no swapspace was used but I saw not only zeroes. I assume, when looking at freshly trimmed regions, the disk would send zeroes instead of reading random sectors (and according to some forums, (unencrypted) swap space is trimmed once upon boot). Long story short: Are there any ideas on how to test if trim is effectively used for my encrypted swap? And if not, any ideas on how to - at least manually, for once - trim the whole swap space? I wouldn't want to tinker with the partition itself, because I dont know if it needs to be reinitialized as (encrypted) swap - I dont want to be left with an unbootable system :)

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  • How do I change the .bash_history file location?

    - by Brian Graham
    I'm running CentOS 6.x and want to move the .bash_history to a different location. The home directories of my users are (because I run a VPS) in /var/www/vhost/<domain>.<tld> which is FTP accessible (and it should be). Because of this, I have changed the AuthorizedKeysFile for SSH connections out of the normal ~/.ssh/authorized_keys since FTP connections would easily be able to locate them. At the same time I want to move the .bash_history file to /home/%u/.bash_history where %u is the current user.

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