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  • Multiplication for MVP matrices: Any benefits to doing so within the vertex shader?

    - by Nick Wiggill
    I'd like to understand under what circumstances (if any) it is worth doing MVP matrix multiplication inside a vertex shader. The vertex shader is run once per vertex, and a single mesh typically contains many vertices. All MVP inputs remain the same for each vertex in the vertex batch relating to a given draw call (model). Surely then, you're always better off keeping the multiplications in the client code, such that you pass in the whole MVP precalculated as a uniform? (avoiding redundant ops between individual vertices)

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  • Why do consoles have so little memory compared to classic computers?

    - by jokoon
    I remember the Playstation having 2MB ram and 1MB graphic memory. The Playstation 3 now has only 256MB ram and 256MB graphic memory, and I'm sure that the day the console was released, even laptop's "standard" capacity was at least 1GB. So why do they put so little memory in their machines, while developers would benefit a lot by having more ? Or is the memory that much faster than desktops and thus more expensive ? Or is it not that much worth it for developers ? What are the Sony/XBox/Nintendo engineers thinking that seems to be the same reason ?

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  • I get GL_INVALID_VALUE after calling glTexSubImage2D

    - by user892644
    I am trying to figure out why my texture allocation does not work. Here is the code: glTexStorage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 2, GL_RGBA8, 2048, 2048); glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, 2048, 2048, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5_REV, &BitMap[0]); glTexSubImage2D returns GL_INVALID_VALUE but the maximum texture allowed is 16384x16384 on my card. The source of the image is 16bit (Red 5, Green 6, Blue 5).

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  • Cube chunk via list ToArray()

    - by Christian Frantz
    I've created a list of vertices that I call for each cube made in my array "cubes". When each cube is create, SetUpVertices is called which is a method that stores the 8 vertices of my cube. At the end of my list creation, I create a vertex buffer, and set the data of the list that contains vertices of all 25 cubes to that vertex buffer, effectively creating a "chunk" of cubes. The problem is that Invalid Operation Exception "The array is not the correct size for the amount of data requested." at the line vertices.ToArray(). I don't have an array for this, as the amount of cubes will be changing and arrays aren't dynamic. What could be the cause of this? for (int x = 0; x < 5; x++) { for (int z = 0; z < 5; z++) { SetUpVertices(); cubes.Add(new Cube(device, new Vector3(x, map[x, z], z), color)); } } vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(device, typeof(VertexPositionColor), 8, BufferUsage.WriteOnly); vertexBuffer.SetData<VertexPositionColor>(vertices.ToArray());

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  • OpenGL Application displays only 1 frame

    - by Avi
    EDIT: I have verified that the problem is not the VBO class or the vertex array class, but rather something else. I have a problem where my vertex buffer class works the first time its called, but displays nothing any other time its called. I don't know why this is, and it's also the same in my vertex array class. I'm calling the functions in this order to set up the buffers: enable client states bind buffers set buffer / array data unbind buffers disable client states Then in the draw function, that's called every frame: enable client states bind buffers set pointers unbind buffers bind index buffer draw elements unbind index buffer disable client states Is there something wrong with the order in which I'm calling the functions, or is it a more specific code error? EDIT: here's some of the code Code for setting pointers: //element is the vertex attribute being drawn (e.g. normals, colors, etc.) static void makeElementPointer(VertexBufferElements::VBOElement element, Shader *shade, void *elementLocation) { //elementLocation is BUFFER_OFFSET(n) if a buffer is bound switch (element) { .... glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, elementLocation); //changes based on element .... //but I'm only dealing with } //vertices for now } And that's basically all the code that isn't just a straight OpenGL function call.

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  • Mouse Speed in GLUT and OpenGL?

    - by CroCo
    I would like to simulate a point that moves in 2D. The input should be the speed of the mouse, so the new position will be computed as following new_position = old_position + delta_time*mouse_velocity As far as I know in GLUT there is no function to acquire the current speed of the mouse between each frame. What I've done so far to compute the delta_time as following void Display() { glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); static int delta_t, current_t, previous_t; current_t = glutGet(GLUT_ELAPSED_TIME); delta_t = current_t - previous_t; std::cout << delta_t << std::endl; previous_t = current_t; glutSwapBuffers(); } Where should I start from here? (Note: I have to get the speed of the mouse because I'm modeling a system) Edit: Based on the above code, delta_time fluctuates so much 34 19 2 20 1 20 0 16 1 1 10 21 0 13 1 19 34 0 13 0 6 1 14 Why does this happen?

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  • Which 3D file formats support multiple animations? [on hold]

    - by Justin
    I'm working on a 3D application that uses Assimp to import 3D models with animations. Personally, I use Blender to create the models and animations. I'm having trouble exporting multiple animations, however. For example, I'd like to have an idle animation, a walk animation, a run animation, etc. So far I've tried COLLADA and DirectX without much success. The COLLADA export will include the first animation, but not any of the others. The DirectX doesn't include any animation. Which 3D file formats support multiple animations? (Preferably one that Assimp can import. Also, the Assimp website says that it doesn't support .blend files with animation, otherwise I'd just do that.)

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  • Find angle for projectile to meet target in parabolic arc

    - by TheBroodian
    I'm making a thing that launches projectiles in 2D. Its projectiles are fired with a set initial velocity, and are only affected by gravity. Assuming that its target is within range, and that there aren't any obstacles, how would my thing find the appropriate angle at which to launch its projectile (in radians)? The equation for this is found here: Wikipedia: Angle Required to Hit Coordinate Sadly, I'm not a physicist (a.k.a. can't read smart people math) and am having a hard time reading its breakdown. If not only for the sake of anybody else that might read this other than myself, would anybody be kind enough to break the equation down into baby words please?

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  • Objects disappear when zoomed out in Unity

    - by Starkers
    Ignore the palm trees here. I have some oak-like trees when I'm zoomed in: They disappear when I zoom out: Is this normal? Is this something to do with draw distance? How can I change this so my trees don't disappear? The reason I ask is because my installation had a weird terrain glitch. If this isn't normal I'm going to reinstall right away because I'm always thinking 'is that a feature? Or a glitch'?

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  • Problem trying to lock framerate at 60 FPS

    - by shad0w
    I've written a simple class to limit the framerate of my current project. But it does not work as it should. Here is the code: void FpsCounter::Process() { deltaTime = static_cast<double>(frameTimer.GetMsecs()); waitTime = 1000.0/fpsLimit - deltaTime; frameTimer.Reset(); if(waitTime <= 0) { std::cout << "error, waittime: " << waitTime << std::endl; } else { SDL_Delay(static_cast<Uint32>(waitTime)); } if(deltaTime == 0) { currFps = -1; } else { currFps = 1000/deltaTime; } std::cout << "--Timings--" << std::endl; std::cout << "Delta: \t" << deltaTime << std::endl; std::cout << "Delay: \t" << waitTime << std::endl; std::cout << "FPS: \t" << currFps << std::endl; std::cout << "-- --" << std::endl; } Timer::Timer() { startMsecs = 0; } Timer::~Timer() { // TODO Auto-generated destructor stub } void Timer::Start() { started = true; paused = false; Reset(); } void Timer::Pause() { if(started && !paused) { paused = true; pausedMsecs = SDL_GetTicks() - startMsecs; } } void Timer::Resume() { if(paused) { paused = false; startMsecs = SDL_GetTicks() - pausedMsecs; pausedMsecs = 0; } } int Timer::GetMsecs() { if(started) { if(paused) { return pausedMsecs; } else { return SDL_GetTicks() - startMsecs; } } return 0; } void Timer::Reset() { startMsecs = SDL_GetTicks(); } The "FpsCounter::Process()" Method is called everytime at the end of my gameloop. I've got the problem that the loop is correctly delayed only every second frame, so it runs one frame delayed at 60 FPS and the next without delay at over 1000 fps. I am searching the error quite a while now, but I do not find it. I hope somebody can point me in the right direction.

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  • Zooming to point of interest

    - by user1010005
    I have the following variables: Point of interest which is the position(x,y) in pixels of the place to focus. Screen width,height which are the dimensions of the window. Zoom level which sets the zoom level of the camera. And this is the code I have so far. void Zoom(int pointOfInterestX,int pointOfInterstY,int screenWidth, int screenHeight,int zoomLevel) { glTranslatef( (pointOfInterestX/2 - screenWidth/2), (pointOfInterestY/2 - screenHeight/2),0); glScalef(zoomLevel,zoomLevel,zoomLevel); } And I want to do zoom in/out but keep the point of interest in the middle of the screen. but so far all of my attempts have failed and I would like to ask for some help.

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  • Make Gameobject Stand On Surface Facing Certain Direction

    - by Julian
    I want to make a biped character stand on any surface I click on. Surfaces have up vectors of any of positive or negative X,Y,Z. So imagine a cube with each face being a gameobject whose up vector pointing directly away from the cube. If my character is facing "forward" and I click on a surface which is to the left or right of me ( left or right walls), I want my character to now be standing on that surface but still be facing in the direction he initially was. If I click on a wall which is in the forward path of my character i want him to now be standing on that surface and his forward to now be what was once "up" relative to my character. Here is the code I am working with now. void Update() { if (Input.GetMouseButtonUp (0)) { RaycastHit hit; var ray = Camera.main.ScreenPointToRay(Input.mousePosition); if (Physics.Raycast(ray, out hit)) { Vector3 upVectBefore = transform.up; Vector3 forwardVectBefore = transform.forward; Quaternion rotationVectBefore = transform.rotation; Vector3 hitPosition = hit.transform.position; transform.position = hitPosition; float lookDifference = Vector3.Distance(hit.transform.up, forwardVectBefore); if(Vector3.Distance(hit.transform.up, upVectBefore) < .23) //Same normal { transform.rotation = rotationVectBefore; } else if(lookDifference > 1.412 && lookDifference <= 1.70607) //side wall { transform.up = hit.transform.up; transform.forward = forwardVectBefore; } else //head on wall { transform.up = hit.transform.up; transform.forward = upVectBefore; } } } } The first case "Same normal" works fine, however the other two do not work as I would like them to. Sometimes my character is laying down on the surface or on the wrong side of the surface. Does anyone know nice way of solving this problem?

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  • InputLayout handling

    - by Kikaimaru
    Where are you supposed to store InputLayout? Suppose i have some basic structure like. class Mesh { List<MeshPart> MeshParts } class MeshPart { Effect Effect; VertexBufferBinding VertexBuffer; ... } Where should I store input layout? It's a connection between vertex buffer and specific pass, i can live with just 1 pass but I still have diffferent techniques so i need at least an array with some connection to effecttechniques, but I would appriciate something not crazy like dictionary. I could also create wrapper for Effect and EffectTechnique, but there must be some normal solution.

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  • Making a clone of Starcraft legal?

    - by user782220
    My question is similar to a previous question. Consider the following clone of Starcraft: Change the artwork, sound, music, change the names of units. However, leave the unit hit points unchanged, unit damage unchanged, unit movement speed unchanged, change ability names but not ability effects. Is that considered illegal? In other words, is copying the unit hit points, damage, etc. considered illegal even if everything else is changed?

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  • What is going on in this SAT/vector projection code?

    - by ssb
    I'm looking at the example XNA SAT collision code presented here: http://www.xnadevelopment.com/tutorials/rotatedrectanglecollisions/rotatedrectanglecollisions.shtml See the following code: private int GenerateScalar(Vector2 theRectangleCorner, Vector2 theAxis) { //Using the formula for Vector projection. Take the corner being passed in //and project it onto the given Axis float aNumerator = (theRectangleCorner.X * theAxis.X) + (theRectangleCorner.Y * theAxis.Y); float aDenominator = (theAxis.X * theAxis.X) + (theAxis.Y * theAxis.Y); float aDivisionResult = aNumerator / aDenominator; Vector2 aCornerProjected = new Vector2(aDivisionResult * theAxis.X, aDivisionResult * theAxis.Y); //Now that we have our projected Vector, calculate a scalar of that projection //that can be used to more easily do comparisons float aScalar = (theAxis.X * aCornerProjected.X) + (theAxis.Y * aCornerProjected.Y); return (int)aScalar; } I think the problems I'm having with this come mostly from translating physics concepts into data structures. For example, earlier in the code there is a calculation of the axes to be used, and these are stored as Vector2, and they are found by subtracting one point from another, however these points are also stored as Vector2s. So are the axes being stored as slopes in a single Vector2? Next, what exactly does the Vector2 produced by the vector projection code represent? That is, I know it represents the projected vector, but as it pertains to a Vector2, what does this represent? A point on a line? Finally, what does the scalar at the end actually represent? It's fine to tell me that you're getting a scalar value of the projected vector, but none of the information I can find online seems to tell me about a scalar of a vector as it's used in this context. I don't see angles or magnitudes with these vectors so I'm a little disoriented when it comes to thinking in terms of physics. If this final scalar calculation is just a dot product, how is that directly applicable to SAT from here on? Is this what I use to calculate maximum/minimum values for overlap? I guess I'm just having trouble figuring out exactly what the dot product is representing in this particular context. Clearly I'm not quite up to date on my elementary physics, but any explanations would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Amazon GameCircle Integration

    - by user1095509
    I'm trying to integrate Amazon GameCircle and I have been able to successfully initialize GameCircle in my app, but the problem is when I click on the button that displays achievements, the GameCircle achievement list comes up but it says "You have unlocked 0 of 0 achievements". Same happens with leaderboards i.e there are no leaderboards for this app. I have created a Leaderboard and a few achievements on the online developer portal for Amazon but they don't show for some reason. Can someone help me with this. Any links/resources that help with integrating GameCircle will be appreciated. Thanks.

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  • Low CPU/Memory/Memory-bandwith Pathfinding (maybe like in Warcraft 1)

    - by Valmond
    Dijkstra and A* are all nice and popular but what kind of algorithm was used in Warcraft 1 for pathfinding? I remember that the enemy could get trapped in bowl-like caverns which means there were (most probably) no full-path calculations from "start to end". If I recall correctly, the algorithm could be something like this: A) Move towards enemy until success or hitting a wall B) If blocked by a wall, follow the wall until you can move towards the enemy without being blocked and then do A) But I'd like to know, if someone knows :-) [edit] As explained to Byte56, I'm searching for a low cpu/mem/mem-bandwidth algo and wanted to know if Warcraft had some special secrets to deliver (never seen that kind of pathfinding elsewhere), I hope that that is more concordant with the stackexchange rules.

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  • Adding delay between damage

    - by iQue
    I have a bunch of enemies chasing my main-character, and if they intersect I want them to damage him and that's all good. The problem is that right now they damage him as long as they stand around him, every frame! and since it gets called every frame my character's HP reaches 0 almost instantly. I've tried adding delay and I've tried a timertask, but can't get it to work. This is the code I use to check for intersection: private void checkCollision(Canvas canvas) { synchronized (getHolder()) { Rect h1 = happy.getBounds(); for (int i = 0; i < enemies.size(); i++) { for (int j = 0; j < bullets.size(); j++) { Rect b1 = bullets.get(j).getBounds(); Rect e1 = enemies.get(i).getBounds(); if (b1.intersect(e1)) { enemies.get(i).damageHP(5); bullets.remove(j); } if(e1.intersect(h1)){ happy.damageHP(5); // this is the statement that needs some sort of delay, I want them to damage him every 2 seconds they intersect him. } if(enemies.get(i).getHP() <= 0){ enemies.get(i).death(canvas, enemies); score.incScore(5); break; } if(happy.getHP() <= 0){ score.incScore(-50); //end-screen } } } } } If anyone knows the logic to do this please do tell.

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  • Calculating the correct particle angle in an outwards explosion

    - by Sun
    I'm creating a simple particle explosion but am stuck in finding the correct angle to rotate my particle. The effect I'm going for is similar to this: Where each particle is going outwards from the point of origin and at the correct angle. This is what I currently have: As you can see, each particle is facing the same angle, but I'm having a little difficulty figuring out the correct angle. I have the vector for the point of emission and the new vector for each particle, how can I use this to calculate the angle? Some code for reference: private Particle CreateParticle() { ... Vector2 velocity = new Vector2(2.0f * (float)(random.NextDouble() * 2 - 1), 2.0f * (float)(random.NextDouble() * 2 - 1)); direction = velocity - ParticleLocation; float angle = (float)Math.Atan2(direction.Y, direction.X); ... return new Particle(texture, position, velocity, angle, angularVelocity, color, size, ttl, EmitterLocation); } I am then using the angle created as so in my particles Draw method: spriteBatch.Draw(Texture, Position, null, Color, Angle, origin, Size, SpriteEffects.None, 0f);

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  • Binding BoundingSpheres to a world matrix in XNA

    - by NDraskovic
    I made a program that loads the locations of items on the scene from a file like this: using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(OpenFileDialog1.FileName)) { String line; while ((line = sr.ReadLine()) != null) { red = line.Split(','); model = row[0]; x = row[1]; y = row[2]; z = row[3]; elements.Add(Convert.ToInt32(model)); data.Add(new Vector3(Convert.ToSingle(x), Convert.ToSingle(y), Convert.ToSingle(z))); sfepheres.Add(new BoundingSphere(new Vector3(Convert.ToSingle(x), Convert.ToSingle(y), Convert.ToSingle(z)), 1f)); } I also have a list of BoundingSpheres (called spheres) that adds a new bounding sphere for each line from the file. In this program I have one item (a simple box) that moves (it has its world matrix called matrixBox), and other items are static entire time (there is a world matrix that holds those elements called simply world). The problem i that when I move the box, bounding spheres move with it. So how can I bind all BoundingSpheres (except the one corresponding to the box) to the static world matrix so that they stay in their place when the box moves?

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  • Point line collision reaction

    - by user4523
    I am trying to program point line segment collision detection and reaction. I am doing this for fun and to learn. The point moves (it has a velocity, and can be controlled by the user), whilst the lines are strait and stationary. The lines are not axis aligned. Everything is in 2D. It is quite straight forward to work out if a collision has occurred. For each frame, the point moves from A to B. AB is a line, and if it crosses the line segment, a collision has occurred (or will occur) and I am able to work out the point of intersection (poi). The problem I am having is with the reaction. Ideally I would like the point to be prevented from moving across the line. In one frame, I can move the point back to the poi (or only alow it to move as far as the poi), and alter the velocity. The problem I am having with this approach (I think) is that, next frame the user may try to cross the line again. Although the point is on the poi, the point may not be exactly on the line. Since it is not axis aligned, I think there is always some subtle rounding issue (A float representation of a point on a line might be rounded to a point that is slightly on one side or the other). Because of this, next frame the path might not intersect the line (because it can start on the other side and move away from it) and the point is effectively allowed to cross the line. Firstly, does the analysis sound correct? Having accepted (maybe) that I cannot always exactly position the point on the line, I tried to move the point away from the line slightly (either along the normal to the line, or along the path vector). I then get a problem at edges. Attempting to fix one collision by moving the point away from the line (even slightly) can cause it to cross another line (one shape I am dealing with is a star, with sharp corners). This can mean that the solution to one collision inadvertently creates another collision, which is ignored. Again, does this sound correct? Anyway, whatever I try, I am having difficulty with edges, and the point is occasionally able to penetrate the polygons and cross lines, which is undesirable. Whilst I can find a lot of information about collision detection on the web (and on this site) I can find precious little information on collision reaction. Does any one know of any good point line collision reaction tutorials? Or is my approach too flawed/over complicated?

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  • Rotating 2D Object

    - by Vico Pelaez
    Well I am trying to learn openGL and want to make a triangle move one unit (0.1) everytime I press one of the keyboard arrows. However i want the triangle to turn first pointing the direction where i will move one unit. So if my triangle is pointing up and I press right the it should point right first and then move one unit in the x axis. I have implemented the code to move the object one unit in any direction, however I can not get it to turn pointing to the direction it is going. The initial position of the Triangle is pointing up. #define LENGTH 0.05 float posX = -0.5, posY = -0.5, posZ = 0; float inX = 0.0 ,inY = 0.0 ,inZ = 0.0; // what values???? void rect(){ glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef(posX,posY,posZ); glRotatef(rotate, inX, inY, inZ); glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES); glColor3f(0.0, 0.0, 1.0); glVertex2f(-LENGTH,-LENGTH); glVertex2f(LENGTH-LENGTH, LENGTH); glVertex2f(LENGTH, -LENGTH); glEnd(); glPopMatrix(); } void display(){ //Clear Window glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); rect(); glFlush(); } void init(){ glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0); glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0); } float move_unit = 0.01; bool change = false; void keyboardown(int key, int x, int y) { switch (key){ case GLUT_KEY_UP: if(rotate = 0) posY += move_unit; else{ inX = 1.0; rotate = 0; } break; case GLUT_KEY_RIGHT: if(rotate = -90) posX += move_unit; else{ inX = 1.0; // is this value ok?? rotate -= 90; } break; case GLUT_KEY_LEFT: if(rotate = 90) posX -= move_unit; else{ inX = 1.0; // is this value ok??? rotate += 90; } break; case GLUT_KEY_DOWN: if(rotate = 180) posY -= move_unit; else{ inX = 1.0; rotate += 180; } break; case 27: // Escape button exit(0); break; default: break; } glutPostRedisplay(); } int main(int argc, char** argv){ glutInit(&argc, argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB); glutInitWindowSize(500,500); glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0); glutCreateWindow("Triangle turn"); glutSpecialFunc(keyboardown); glutDisplayFunc(display); init(); glutMainLoop()

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  • Textures selectively not applying in Unity

    - by user46790
    On certain imported objects (fbx) in Unity, upon applying a material, only the base colour of the material is applied, with none of the tiled texture showing. This isn't universal; on a test model only some submeshes didn't show the texture, while some did. I have tried every combination of import/calculate normals/tangents to no avail. FYI I'm not exactly experienced with the software or gamedev in general; this is to make a small static scene with 3-4 objects max. One model tested was created in 3DSMax, the other in Blender. I've had this happen on every export from Blender, but only some submeshes from the 3DSMax model (internet sourced to test the problem)

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  • LibGdx, Texture an Object

    - by Gigi10012
    I want to set texture to an Object, this is my playerobject class: private boolean up; private float speed; private float fallacceleration = 20; private float acceleration = 15; private float maxSpeed = 300; SpriteBatch batch; public Player() { x = MyGdxGame.WIDTH - 9*MyGdxGame.WIDTH/10; y = MyGdxGame.HEIGHT - 3 * MyGdxGame.HEIGHT/10; shapex = new float[4]; shapey = new float[4]; radians = 2*MathUtils.PI; batch = new SpriteBatch(); } private void setShape() { //Simple Arrow Shape ...... } public void update(float dt) { setShape(); } public void draw(ShapeRenderer sr) { sr.setColor(0F, 0F, 0F, 1F); sr.begin(ShapeType.Line); //Drawing Shape .............. sr.end(); } What I have to do to add texture to that object? (I'm using LibGdx)

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  • A way to store potentially infinite 2D map data?

    - by Blam
    I have a 2D platformer that currently can handle chunks with 100 by 100 tiles, with the chunk coordinates are stored as longs, so this is the only limit of maps (maxlong*maxlong). All entity positions etc etc are chunk relevant and so there is no limit there. The problem I'm having is how to store and access these chunks without having thousands of files. Any ideas for a preferably quick & low HD cost archive format that doesn't need to open everything at once?

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