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• (How) does deleting open files on Linux and a FAT file system work?

  - by lxgr

  It's clear to me how deleting open files works on filesystems that use inodes - unlink() just decreases the link count to zero, and when the last file handle to the file is closed, the inode will be removed. But how does it work when using a file system that doesn't use inodes, like FAT32, with Linux? Some experiments suggest that deleting open files is still possible (unlike on Windows, where the unlink call wouldn't succeed), but what happens when the file system is uncleanly unmounted? How does Linux mark the files as unlinked, when the file system itself doesn't support such an operation? Is the directory entry just deleted, but retained in memory (that would guarantee deletion after unmounting in any case, but would leave the file system in an inconsistent state), or will the deletion only be marked in memory, and written at the time the last file handle is closed, avoiding possible corruption, but restoring the deleted files after an unclean unmount?

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• Recommended design pattern for object with optional and modifiable attributtes? [on hold]

  - by Ikuzen

  I've been using the Builder pattern to create objects with a large number of attributes, where most of them are optional. But up until now, I've defined them as final, as recommended by Joshua Block and other authors, and haven't needed to change their values. I am wondering what should I do though if I need a class with a substantial number of optional but non-final (mutable) attributes? My Builder pattern code looks like this: public class Example { //All possible parameters (optional or not) private final int param1; private final int param2; //Builder class public static class Builder { private final int param1; //Required parameters private int param2 = 0; //Optional parameters - initialized to default //Builder constructor public Builder (int param1) { this.param1 = param1; } //Setter-like methods for optional parameters public Builder param2(int value) { param2 = value; return this; } //build() method public Example build() { return new Example(this); } } //Private constructor private Example(Builder builder) { param1 = builder.param1; param2 = builder.param2; } } Can I just remove the final keyword from the declaration to be able to access the attributes externally (through normal setters, for example)? Or is there a creational pattern that allows optional but non-final attributes that would be better suited in this case?

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• In mysql I want to set lower_case_table_names=1 on existing databases to avoid cases-sensitivity issues accross multiple platforms

  - by sakhunzai

  In mysql I want to set lower_case_table_names=1 on existing databases to avoid cases-sensitivity issues accross multiple platforms. A) What are the risks ?( besides show table issue) B) After setting lower_case_table_names=1, will I be in position to query databases across multiple platforms consistantly ? select * from USERS == select * from users; C) How the triggers + stored procedure + functions + views + events will be affected in this regards. I know lower_case_table_names is only for "TABLE" names but how about triggers other database objects . Will they remain case-insensitive How about views ? D) Do I need to rename all tables before/after this configuration setting or this will do the miracle in one step (i.e lower_case_table_names=1 neutralize table names) ? E) What will be the exact steps WRT:mysqd / my.ini ?

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• Configure a app in a subpath in nginx

  - by Rubem Azenha

  I have a nginx + passenger + single rails app setup in a Fedora server. My nginx.conf regarding my app looks something like this: server { listen 80; server_name myapp.mycompany.com; root /opt/apps/myapp_large_name/public; passenger_enabled on; client_max_body_size 4M; } So when I access myapp.mycompany.com.br it access to my rails app under /opt/apps/myapp_large_name/public. I want to be able to configure a subpath to access to another app (in this case, monit). I want something like that: myapp.mycompany.com.br/monit access the monit app. Is it possible?

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• How can we add arch specific conflicts tag when building .deb package?

  - by Sphopale

  We are trying to build multi-arch supported i386 .deb package. There are two .deb packages build on i386 X1 & X2 (X2 is a subset of X1 binaries). X1 <- X2 conflict each other when installing . Only one .deb package can be installed at any instance. We similarly have binaries on xa64 arch. Again on xa64, there are two .deb packages X1 & X2 (X2 is a subset of X1 binaries). X1 <- X2 conflict each other when installing . Only one .deb package can be installed at any instance. In case of multi-arch i386 .deb package,i386 .deb packages (X1 & X2) can be installed on xa64 along side with 64bit (X1 & X2) However I see that when installing X1:i386 & X1:amd64 can co-exist However, it throws conflict error when trying to install X1:i386 & X2:amd64 In short, Can we mark package to conflict based on arch Conflict: X2:i386 X1:i386 package should only conflict with X2:i386 & allow other packages to co-exist X1:amd64 package should only conflict with X2:amd64 & allow other packages to co-exist X1:i386 can co-exist with X1:amd64 OR X2:amd64 X2:i386 can co-exist with X1:amd64 OR X2:amd64 Thanks for your reply

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• Interfaces: profit of using

  - by Zapadlo

  First of all, my ubiquitous language is PHP, and I'm thinking about learning Java. So let me split my question on two closely related parts. Here goes the first part. Say I have a domain-model class. It has some getters, setters, some query methods etc. And one day I want to have a possibility to compare them. So it looks like: class MyEntity extends AbstractEntity { public function getId() { // get id property } public function setId($id) { // set id property } // plenty of other methods that set or retrieve data public function compareTo(MyEntity $anotherEntity) { // some compare logic } } If it would have been Java, I should have implemented a Comparable interface. But why? Polymorphism? Readbility? Or something else? And if it was PHP -- should I create Comparable interface for myself? So here goes the second part. My colleague told me that it is a rule of thumb in Java to create an interface for every behavioral aspect of the class. For example, if I wanted to present this object as a string, I should state this behaviour by something like implements Stringable, where in case of PHP Stringable would look like: interface Stringable { public function __toString(); } Is that really a rule of thumb? What benefits are gained with this approach? And does it worth it in PHP? And in Java?

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• What data should I (can I) gather to prove a .net bug in third party software?

  - by gef05

  Our users are using a third-party system and every so often - a user might go all day without this happening, other days they may see it two or three times in seven hours - a red x will appear on screen rather than a button, field, or control. This is a .net system. Looking online I can see that this is a .net error. Problem is, our devs didn't write it, and the vendor wants proof that the problem resides with their system, not our PCs. What can we do to gather information on such an issue that would allow us to make our case to the vendor and get them to create a fix? I'm thinking of data to gather - anything from OS, memory. .net version installed etc. But I'd also like to know about error logging - if it's possible to log errors that occur in third-party systems.

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• How to Boot or "enter" into ubnutu 11.04 (Natty Narwhall) on PS3 after installing it?

  - by Xdm

  After failing to install ubuntu 11.04 Desktop version (burned on a dvd, because iso's file size was 726 Mb), in tried the alternate version (about 686 Mb) which i burned into a CD. During the installation process, i manually partitioned the hard drive using ext3. After the installation, the CD ejects itself and i hit "continue". In the k boot prompt i hit "enter" on my the keyboard. I see i welcome message in a dark background (a kind of full screen terminal/console called CLI i think) and was asked to enter my user name and password. After that, instead of booting into the beautiful desktop of Ubuntu, i saw this: ubuntu@my_name$ It was like a line of command i think, where you can use "sudo" commands. It is called a non-graphic mode i think. My my REAL problem is to enter Ubuntu 11.04 with the chocolate-colored background and the African music drum. I tried many commands to boot into the graphic mode of the system such as Ctr+Alt+F7 but nothing happened. In this case, i just saw numbers showing available blocks. I DON'T UNDERSTAND. I also tried startx and sudo startx without result. I DO bought a PS3 BOTH for gaming and for Ubuntu because i can't afford buying a PC. Please help me with my trouble dear Ubuntu 11.04 users. I am counting on you. All the best Xdm

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• Redirect with iptables if destination port is not listened

  - by PoltoS

  I've a server listening on port 10000. But this server is running only in a special case (then some third service is available). Otherwise the port is not listened. Is it possible to redirect the client to another port if 10000 is not listening? I see two solutions: 1) insert/remove iptables rules on server start/stop, but since the server may be killed, it may not insert the correct iptable redirect rule before dieing. 2) make a permanent userspace rule that checks if the port is listening and redirects the packet if not listened. How to do 2) ? Do someone have recipes for ipq? May be someone can suggest me a better way? It is something like fallback redirect: I'll have thousand of clients with different ports (10000-11000) and if their instance of server is not running, whey should be redirected to some page explaining why they don't have and instance connected.

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• How to post JSON object to a URL without cURL in PHP? [closed]

  - by empyreanphoenix

  I have written a send sms code which uses an available sms api. So, I need to post a string in the json(string in $json) format to a url(url specified in $url var), but I am getting the following error String index out of range: -1 I understand that the error arises when requesting for an index that isn't there, but I dont find how that applies in this case. Please help. Note: name1,name2 and name3 are sender name, phone number and content respectively. Thanks array ( 'method' = 'POST', 'content' = $data, 'header' ="Authentication:$key" . "timeout:50000"."ContentLength: " . strlen ( $data) . "\r\n" ) ); if ($optional_headers != null) { $params ['http'] ['header'] = $optional_headers; } $ctx = stream_context_create ( $params ); try { $fp = fopen ( $url, 'rb', false, $ctx ); $response = stream_get_contents ( $fp ); echo "response"; } catch ( Exception $e ) { echo 'Exception: ' . $e-getMessage (); echo "caught"; } echo "done"; return $response; }

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• How does communication between 2 computers in a single network happen?

  - by learner

  Lets say I and my friend connect our computers with a LAN cable. I ping my friend with his IP address. How does it work? Since we are in the same network, we don't even need IP addresses, do we? Isn't IP addressing only relevant in case of inter-network communication? What will the ping command do with his IP address? How will it eventually find his physical address (NIC address)? (no ARP here, because that would involve a router at the edge of the network, which doesn't apply here). Am I wrong somewhere?

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• How best to construct our test subjects in unit tests?

  - by Liath

  Some of our business logic classes require quite a few dependencies (in our case 7-10). As such when we come to unit test these the creation become quite complex. In most tests these dependencies are often not required (only some dependencies are required for particular methods). As a result unit tests often require a significant number of lines of code to mock up these useless dependencies (which can't be null because of null checks). For example: [Test] public void TestMethodA() { var dependency5 = new Mock<IDependency1>(); dependency5.Setup(x => x. // some setup var sut = new Sut(new Mock<IDependency1>().Object, new Mock<IDependency2>().Object, new Mock<IDependency3>().Object, new Mock<IDependency4>().Object, dependency5); Assert.SomeAssert(sut.MethodA()); } In this example almost half the test is taken up creating dependencies which aren't used. I've investigated an approach where I have a helper method. [Test] public void TestMethodA() { var dependency5 = new Mock<IDependency1>(); dependency5.Setup(x => x. // some setup var sut = CreateSut(null, null, null, null, dependency5); Assert.SomeAssert(sut.MethodA()); } private Sut CreateSut(IDependency1 d1, IDependency2 d2...) { return new Sut(d1 ?? new Mock<IDependency1>().Object, d2 ?? new Mock<IDependency2>().Object, } But these often grow very complicated very quickly. What is the best way to create these BLL classes in test classes to reduce complexity and simplify tests?

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• I don't have a free PCI / PCI-e slot, can it be worked around?

  - by Borek

  I need to add a PCI(e) card to a nettop PC that is so small that the card won't fit there (and there is no external alternative like we're used to with external TV tuners). The only ports available are USB and eSATA, is it possible to somehow "dock" the PCI card into some device that would then connect to the PC via USB or eSATA? Or am I out of luck? (I don't mind the solution being visually ugly, I wouldn't even mind opening up the case and soldering some wires in, anything that would work would be great.)

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• Hardware advice for bitmap / openGL image processing server?

  - by pdizz

  I am trying to work out a build for a processing server to handle bitmap processing as well as openGL rendering for chroma-keying images and Photoshop automation. My searches here and on Google have turned up surprisingly few results, and seeing that there aren't tags for bitmap or image processing I take it this is a specialized application. The bitmap processing is very cpu-intensive while the chroma-keying and Photoshop stuff is gpu-intensive. I doubt this is a case of over-optimization as our company batches thousands of images a day (currently on individual workstations) and any saving in processing time and workstation down-time would be beneficial. Does anyone have any experience with this type of processing server? Any special considerations that would go into a build like this or am I over-thinking it?

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• How can I rename files and subdirectories in a copied directory based on changes in the original?

  - by GaryF

  I have a directory structure with many hundreds of files and folders underneath it for organising files (in this case photos). I create backups of that directory structure by rsyncing it to identical copies on an external drives periodically. These drives may be offsite some of the time. I want to restructure and rename the files and directories in the original and then, later, when I have an external drive onsite, be able to run some tool that will cause these structural and naming changes to happen on the backup. If I just us rsync, it'll have to recopy much of the data to the backup drive, which I'd rather avoid due to the sizes involved. How can I get the changes I make to the original directory into the backups, as they become available, without having to recopy/rsync the data?

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• What makes Ubuntu awesome [closed]

  - by Shagun

  My question may sound stupid or inappropriate for this site in which case I apologize before hand. This thing has bothered me for quiet some time so please correct me if there is anything inappropriate: I have been using Ubuntu for past 1 year and I know how awesome it is and in what terms is it better than windows.But around 2 weeks ago some of my friends asked me to show them something on Ubuntu or tell something about Ubuntu that makes people prefer it over windows. I tried to convince them by telling things like its open-source, that most of the super-computers run on Linux, that its unaffected by virus and other stuff but they seemed unconvinced. Maybe what they we looking for was some mind-boggling feature which only Ubuntu (Linux) has. Since that day I have been thinking but yet don't have anything that will show them the true powers of Linux. Please suggest your response to such a situation as it troubles me that I am not able to explain them one thing that I myself believe in. Thank you. PS : I am not looking for a theoretical answer but would like to hear of one such application which it and only it provides.

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• Grub2 menu after crash

  - by poopa

  Hi, I have ubuntu 9.10 desktop VMware VM with the default grub2 installed. There is some weird problem with this VM. When you clone this vm and have a customization script run, the cloned machine crashes at first boot (VMware does not officially suport customizaing Ubuntu newer than 8.04). After the creash the Grub boot menu is displayed but there is not time out. I checked /boot/grub/grub.cfg and it does indeed show a timeout of 10 seconds. Nothing happens till I select an option with the keyboard. The second time the Ubuntu loads, it does not crash. My question is, how do I make the grub menu timeout in that case? Thanks.

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• Windows 7 CD Command only echoes directory

  - by Zobbl

  The path for every new instance of the shell starts in my user directory (C:\Users\user). Within this directory or rather drive (in this case C:) I can't use the cd command as I'm used to - it only echoes the specified directory. As soon as I change the directory to a parent-directory I can execute "cd D:" and it changes to the drive. But this behavious doesn't appear consistently in all instances of the shell. Sometimes I have to go to C: to change it. I'm quite sure I'm not using the command in the wrong way, since it's what I'm used to do to start grails.

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• Apache Rewrite Rules

  - by Philip

  I have moved my website from a Wiki to Wordpress and in the process, realised that I have broken links to some popular pages on my website. Is it possible to fix this with a rewrite rule? I need the rule to redirect anything beginning with "^/wiki/(.+)$" to "/$1" but also replacing the "_" character used in MediaWiki slugs to "-" used in Wordpress slugs. For example: http://example.com/wiki/An_Example_Page should be pointed to: http://example.com/an-example-page Is it possible to write such a rewrite rule? Edit: It appears that Wordpress doesn't even care if the "/wiki/" part is removed - provided the slug matches, and that seems to be case-insensitive too. So all I need to do is change the "_" characters to "-" in the slugs.

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• SFTP (or similar) server automated setup for group spaces

  - by spikeheap

  I need to build a dedicated machine which will be used to allow our clients to upload and download files in a secure manner. Each client has multiple users, and I would rather not hand out generic client users which are used by multiple people. Each client should have access to their files only, and no others. There is no use-case (yet) for multiple clients interacting with a single file or space. Is there an existing solution to automating the creation and maintenance of these accounts, preferably with a view to integration with LDAP? Currently it looks like if we want to use SFTP with chrooted spaces they will need to be set up manually (or an automation hand-rolled). If a solution exists for a different (but still secure) transfer method, such as FTPS, I'm all ears.

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• Problem installing Ubuntu 14.04 into a laptop using Windows 8.1

  - by AlexanderFreud

  I have used Ubuntu on my LG laptop for several years. I lately bought an Acer Aspire V5 laptop which included Windows 8.1. I don't have any data on it; I would like to just remove it completely (that horrible Windows 8.1) and install Ubuntu. I tried using a USB device with Ubuntu 14.04 (64bit version) saved on it. I changed the BIOS configuration, putting USB device first on boot order, Windows Boot Manager last. When I try to run with USB device it doesn't work. Messages like these show up: System doesn't have any USB boot option. Please select other boot option in Boot Manager Menu. Windows failed to start. A recent hardware or software change might be the cause. To fix the problem: 1. insert your windows installation disc and restart your computer 2. choose your language settings, and then click "next" 3. click "repair your computer" If you do not have this disk, contact your system administrator manufacturer for assistance File \ubuntu\winboot\wubildr.mbr Status: 0xc000007b Info: the application or operating system couldn't be load...[?] required file is missing or contains errors. Could someone please write step-by-step procedures to install Ubuntu 14.04 after removing Windows 8.1 ? I already have done a second partition on the hard disk just in case.

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• How to maximise a Single Window across Multiple Monitors?

  - by LePressentiment

  Say I've 3 monitors. I'll instantiate with http://www.texpaste.com/. What would I need for: The leftmost toolbox to be on the leftmost monitor? The center input blank field on the center monitor? The rightmost output display box on the rightmost monitor? Another example with 2 monitors: http://mathb.in/ Analogously, in this case, I'd want: The input blank field for the code on the left monitor? The rightoutput display box on the right monitor?

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• Best way to administer a website remotely

  - by Mark Szymanski

  I have a Windows computer running an intranet website with IIS and I was wondering what the best way was to administer it from another computer, in this case, a Mac. What I want to do: Be able to edit pages from my Mac. VNC into the server because it is 'headless'. (Already have this set up) My current file syncing setup: I have Dropbox setup to sync files between the computers and then use PureSync to sync the files in the Dropbox folder into the wwwroot folder. Is there a better (faster/easier) way I could do all this? Thanks in advance!

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• Access boot menu from Windows 8 PC

  - by svnpenn

  I have a computer that came with Windows 8 preinstalled. I want to boot from a CD, in this case Hiren's Boot CD. However Windows 8 doesn't seem to like this. I have tried pressing F8, ESC, F12 and so on. I read online that Windows 8 can boot in 200ms, so that it might not even be possible to boot from a Live CD before Windows loads. I would like to know how to boot from a CD before Windows loads, if possible. If not possible, how to boot from the Live CD after Windows loads.

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• How can I forward certain emails based on header information with Postfix?

  - by Jason Novinger

  We receive service requests via a particular email. The request is then forwarded to other addresses, using an entry in virtual_alias_maps. Upon seeing the word "EMERGENCY" in the subject line of a request to this email, I would also like to forward this to another address (an alias of our administrator's SMS email addresses). I think I can accomplish this with header checks and the REDIRECT command. However, REDIRECT only sends it to the redirected address, not the forwarded addresses. In the case of "EMERGENCY" I would like it to go to the redirect address and the original forwarded addresses. I am fairly new to Postfix and I feel like I am missing something here. Any suggestions?

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