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• Rendering a big game universe - bitmaps or vector graphics?

  - by user1641923

  I am new to an Android development, though I have much experience with Java, C++, PHP programming and a bit experience with vector graphics too (basic 3d Studio Max, Flash, etc). I am starting to work on an Android game. It is going to be a 2D space shooter/RPG, and I am not going to use any game engines and any 3D party libs. I really want to create a very large game universe, or even pseudo-infinite (without visible borders, as if it were a 2D projection of a sphere). It should include 10-12 clusters of 7-8 planets/other space objects and random amount of single asteroids/comets, which player can interact with and also not interactive background. I am looking for a least complicated aproach to create such a universe. My current ideas are: Simply create bitmaps with space scenery background so that they can be tiled seamlessly repeated and construct my 2D universe of this tiles, then place interactive objects (planets, other spaceships) on it. Using vector graphics. I would have a solid color background, some random background objects and gradients here and there. My problems here: Lack of knowledge of how well vector graphics is integrated in Android. Performance? Memory usage? Does Android manage big bitmaps well? Do all of the bitmaps have to be in memory during all game process? I am interested in technical details regarding each of the ideas and a suggestion, which I should go with.

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• Custom inventory items based on inheritance

  - by Bogdan Marginean

  So, here's the scenario: I'm building an RPG. Like most of the other RPGs on the market, my game will feature an inventory and of course, inventory items. So far I've worked well with using a single class for all items, because I did not need anything else than character stat alteration on item usage (consumption). However, I'd like some items to have a more exotic effect. Think of something like when the user consumes a transformation potion, he automatically turns into a beast. In order to achieve this I've thought about declaring a new class that inherits from BaseItem for each item. Each descendant would override some methods (like void OnConsume()), to change the base behavior. This works fine, but when it comes to inventory management, I have some issues. The actual inventory will have to work with BaseItem components only (for obvious reasons, as it's an enumerable collection of objects of the same type); casting any descendant to the base class is possible, so no problems in adding items to the inventory. But how can I keep track of the descendant's type (class) for each item in the inventory? And how to perform the descendant's OnConsume from withint he inventory, for each item? Let me know if you can think of a better solution than mine, or if you can think of a solution to my problem only. Development is done in C#, inside Unity 3.5. Thanks!

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• Unexpected results for projection on to plane

  - by ravenspoint

  I want to use this projection matrix: GLfloat shadow[] = { -1,0,0,0, 1,0,-1,1, 0,0,-1,0, 0,0,0,-1 }; It should cast object shadows onto the y = 0 plane from a point light at 1,1,-1. I create a rectangle in the x = 0.5 plane glBegin( GL_QUADS ); glVertex3f( 0.5,0.2,-0.5); glVertex3f( 0.5,0.2,-1.5); glVertex3f( 0.5,0.5,-1.5); glVertex3f( 0.5,0.5,-0.5); glEnd(); Now if I manually multiply these vertices with the matrix, I get. glBegin( GL_QUADS ); glVertex3f( 0.375,0,-0.375); glVertex3f( 0.375,0,-1.625); glVertex3f( 0,0,-2); glVertex3f( 0,0,0); glEnd(); Which produces a reasonable display ( camera at 0,5,0 looking down y axis ) So rather than do the calculation manually, I should be able to use the opengl model transormation. I write this code: glMatrixMode (GL_MODELVIEW); GLfloat shadow[] = { -1,0,0,0, 1,0,-1,1, 0,0,-1,0, 0,0,0,-1 }; glLoadMatrixf( shadow ); glBegin( GL_QUADS ); glVertex3f( 0.5,0.2,-0.5); glVertex3f( 0.5,0.2,-1.5); glVertex3f( 0.5,0.5,-1.5); glVertex3f( 0.5,0.5,-0.5); glEnd(); But this produces a blank screen! What am I doing wrong? Is there some debug mode where I can print out the transformed vertices, so I can see where they are ending up? Note: People have suggested that using glMultMatrixf() might make a difference. It doesn't. Replacing glLoadMatrixf( shadow ); with glLoadIdentity(); glMultMatrixf( shadow ); gives the identical result ( of course! )

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• Scene graphs and spatial partitioning structures: What do you really need?

  - by tapirath

  I've been fiddling with 2D games for awhile and I'm trying to go into 3D game development. I thought I should get my basics right first. From what I read scene graphs hold your game objects/entities and their relation to each other like 'a tire' would be the child of 'a vehicle'. It's mainly used for frustum/occlusion culling and minimizing the collision checks between the objects. Spatial partitioning structures on the other hand are used to divide a big game object (like the map) to smaller parts so that you can gain performance by only drawing the relevant polygons and again minimizing the collision checks to those polygons only. Also a spatial partitioning data structure can be used as a node in a scene graph. But... I've been reading about both subjects and I've seen a lot of "scene graphs are useless" and "BSP performance gain is irrelevant with modern hardware" kind of articles. Also some of the game engines I've checked like gameplay3d and jmonkeyengine are only using a scene graph (That also may be because they don't want to limit the developers). Whereas games like Quake and Half-Life only use spatial partitioning. I'm aware that the usage of these structures very much depend on the type of the game you're developing so for the sake of clarity let's assume the game is a FPS like Counter-Strike with some better outdoor environment capabilities (like a terrain). The obvious question is which one is needed and why (considering the modern hardware capabilities). Thank you.

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• How to export 3D models that consist of several parts (eg. turret on a tank)?

  - by Will

  What are the standard alternatives for the mechanics of attaching turrets and such to 3D models for use in-game? I don't mean the logic, but rather the graphics aspects. My naive approach is to extend the MD2-like format that I'm using (blender-exported using a script) to include a new set of properties for a mesh that: is anchored in another 'parent' mesh. The anchor is a point and normal in the parent mesh and a point and normal in the child mesh; these will always be colinear, giving the child rotation but not translation relative to the parent point. has a normal that is aligned with a 'target'. Classically this target is the enemy that is being engaged, but it might be some other vector e.g. 'the wind' (for sails and flags (and smoke, which is a particle system but the same principle applies)) or 'upwards' (e.g. so bodies of riders bend properly when riding a horse up an incline etc). that the anchor and target alignments have maximum and minimum and a speed coeff. there is game logic for multiple turrets and on a model and deciding which engages which enemy. 'primary' and 'secondary' or 'target0' ... 'targetN' or some such annotation will be there. So to illustrate, a classic tank would be made from three meshes; a main body mesh, a turret mesh that is anchored to the top of the main body so it can spin only horizontally and a barrel mesh that is anchored to the front of the turret and can only move vertically within some bounds. And there might be a forth flag mesh on top of the turret that is aligned with 'wind' where wind is a function the engine solves that merges environment's wind angle with angle the vehicle is travelling in an velocity, or something fancy. This gives each mesh one degree of freedom relative to its parent. Things with multiple degrees of freedom can be modelled by zero-vertex connecting meshes perhaps? This is where I think the approach I outlined begins to feel inelegant, yet perhaps its still a workable system? This is why I want to know how it is done in professional games ;) Are there better approaches? Are there formats that already include this information? Is this routine?

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• XNA: How to make the Vaus Spacecraft move left and right on directional keys pressed?

  - by Will Marcouiller

  I'm currently learning XNA per suggestion from this question's accepted answer: Where to start writing games, any tutorials or the like? I have then installed everything to get ready to work with XNA Game Studio 4.0. General Objective Writing an Arkanoid-like game. I want to make my ship move when I press either left or right keys. Code Sample protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { // Allows the game to exit if (GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One).Buttons.Back == ButtonState.Pressed) this.Exit(); // TODO: Add your update logic here #if WINDOWS if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.Escape)) this.Exit(); else { if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) MoveLeft(gameTime); } #endif // Move the sprite around. BounceEnergyBall(gameTime); base.Update(gameTime); } void MoveLeft(GameTime gameTime) { // I'm not sure how to play with the Vector2 object and its position here!... _vausSpacecraftPos /= _vausSpacecraftSpeed.X; // This line makes the spacecraft move diagnol-top-left. } Question What formula shall I use, or what algorithm shall I consider to make my spaceship move as expected left and right properly? Thanks for your thoughts! Any clue will be appreciated. I am on my learning curve though I have years of development behind me (already)!

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• Is is common to use the command pattern for property get/sets?

  - by k rey

  Suppose I have a controller class with a bunch of properties. Each time a property is changed, I would like to update the model. Now also suppose that I use the command pattern to perform model updates. Is it common to use command classes within property get and sets of the controller class or is there a better way? Here is an example of what I am currently using: class MyController { private int _myInt; public int MyInt { get { return _myInt; } set { MyCommand cmd = new MyCommand(); cmd.Argument = _myInt; cmd.Execute(); // Command object updates the model } } }

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• Upgrading to Code Based Migrations EF 4.3.1 with Connector/Net 6.6

  - by GABMARTINEZ

  Entity Framework 4.3.1 includes a new feature called code first migrations.  We are adding support for this feature in our upcoming 6.6 release of Connector/Net.  In this walk-through we'll see the workflow of code-based migrations when you have an existing application and you would like to upgrade to this EF 4.3.1 version and use this approach, so you can keep track of the changes that you do to your database.   The first thing we need to do is add the new Entity Framework 4.3.1 package to our application. This should via the NuGet package manager.  You can read more about why EF is not part of the .NET framework here. Adding EF 4.3.1 to our existing application  Inside VS 2010 go to Tools -> Library Package Manager -> Package Manager Console, this will open the Power Shell Host Window where we can work with all the EF commands. In order to install this library to your existing application you should type Install-Package EntityFramework This will make some changes to your application. So Let's check them. In your .config file you'll see a  <configSections> which contains the version you have from EntityFramework and also was added the <entityFramework> section as shown below. This section is by default configured to use SQL Express which won't be necesary for this case. So you can comment it out or leave it empty. Also please make sure you're using the Connector/Net 6.6.x version which is the one that has this support as is shown in the previous image. At this point we face one issue; in order to be able to work with Migrations we need the __MigrationHistory table that we don't have yet since our Database was created with an older version. This table is used to keep track of the changes in our model. So we need to get it in our existing Database. Getting a Migration-History table into an existing database First thing we need to do to enable migrations in our existing application is to create our configuration class which will set up the MySqlClient Provider as our SQL Generator. So we have to add it with the following code: using System.Data.Entity.Migrations;     //add this at the top of your cs file public class Configuration : DbMigrationsConfiguration<NameOfYourDbContext>  //Make sure to use the name of your existing DBContext { public Configuration() { this.AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = false; //Set Automatic migrations to false since we'll be applying the migrations manually for this case. SetSqlGenerator("MySql.Data.MySqlClient", new MySql.Data.Entity.MySqlMigrationSqlGenerator());     }   }  This code will set up our configuration that we'll be using when executing all the migrations for our application. Once we have done this we can Build our application so we can check that everything is fine. Creating our Initial Migration Now let's add our Initial Migration. In Package Manager Console, execute "add-migration InitialCreate", you can use any other name but I like to set this as our initial create for future reference. After we run this command, some changes were done in our application: A new Migrations Folder was created. A new class migration call InitialCreate which in most of the cases should have empty Up and Down methods as long as your database is up to date with your Model. Since all your entities already exists, delete all duplicated code to create any entity which exists already in your Database if there is any. I found this easier when you don't have any pending updates to do to your database. Now we have our empty migration that will make no changes in our database and represents how are all the things at the begining of our migrations.  Finally, let's create our MigrationsHistory table. Optionally you can add SQL code to delete the edmdata table which is not needed anymore. public override void Up() { // Just make sure that you used 4.1 or later version         Sql("DROP TABLE EdmMetadata"); } From our Package Manager Console let's type: Update-database; If you like to see the operations made on each Update-database command you can use the flag -verbose after the Update-database. This will make two important changes.  It will execute the Up method in the initial migration which has no changes in the database. And second, and very important,  it will create the __MigrationHistory table necessary to keep track of your changes. And next time you make a change to your database it will compare the current model to the one stored in the Model Column of this table. Conclusion The important thing of this walk through is that we must create our initial migration before we start doing any changes to our model. This way we'll be adding the necessary __MigrationsHistory table to our existing database, so we can keep our database up to date with all the changes we do in our context model using migrations. Hope you have found this information useful. Please let us know if you have any questions or comments, also please check our forums here where we keep answering questions in general for the community.  Happy MySQL/Net Coding!

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• Is ActionScript 3 used by Serious Indie Developers?

  - by Puedes

  This question is for dedicated independent game developers: My dream is to be a game developer. I am a senior in high school who has taken Computer Science for all four years. I have used Java the whole time, but last year I started using PHP and ActionScript 3 (with Flixel). I also used Game Maker for a brief period. I apologize for this, I wanted to get that out of the way and clarify the fact that I have experience of some kind with game development. I am stuck at the moment because I don't quite know what language to use to develop games at a professional level. I am seriously interested in becoming a dedicated game developer, but this issue is really bothering me. I would like to know what the best option would be for my case, based on your experiences. Any advice is appreciated. Things to consider: I am only interested in making 2D games (I am not worried about 3D support) It would be ideal to use something that can be ported to multiple platforms (so as not to run into this problem later) I can't seem to figure out what the industry likes to use So far, this is what I have: I can't decide if it would be wise to stick with ActionScript 3, or move to C++ I know Flash would be for browser games, but what if I want to make a downloadable game, like Plants Vs. Zombies or Super Crate Box? Would Flash be a smart choice for standalone games, or did they use something else? Thank you for reading this, as I would like to stop worrying about this and make some games! Also, I hope this wasn't all over the place :) tl;dr Should I move ahead with AS3 or use something else i.e. C++

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• How to Implement a Parallel Workflow

  - by Paul

  I'm trying to implement a parallel split task using a workflow system. I'm using .NET but my process is very simple and I don't want to use WF or anything heavy like that. I've tried using Stateless. So far is was easy to set up and run, but I may be using the wrong tool for the job because I'm not sure how you're supposed to model parallel split workflows, where you have multiple sub-tasks required before you can advance to the next state, but the steps don't require being performed in any particular order. I can easily use the dynamic configuration options to check my data model manually to see if the model is in the correct state (all sub-tasks completed) and can transition to the next state, but this seems to completely break the workflow paradigm. What is the proper, orthodox way to implement a parallel split process? Thanks

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• How to rotate a sprite using multi-touch with AndEngine?

  - by 786

  I am new to Android game development. I am using AndEngine GLES-2. I have created a box with a sprite. This box is now draggable by using the code below. It works fine. But I want multi-touch on this: I want to rotate the sprite with two fingers on that box, and to keep it draggable. I've no idea how do do that, which way should I go? final float centerX = (CAMERA_WIDTH - this.mBox.getWidth()) / 2; final float centerY = (CAMERA_HEIGHT - this.mBox.getHeight()) / 2; Box = new Sprite(centerX, centerY, this.mBox, this.getVertexBufferObjectManager()) { public boolean onAreaTouched(TouchEvent pSceneTouchEvent, float pTouchAreaLocalX, float pTouchAreaLocalY) { this.setPosition(pSceneTouchEvent.getX() - this.getWidth()/ 2, pSceneTouchEvent.getY() - this.getHeight() / 2); float pValueX = pSceneTouchEvent.getX(); float pValueY = CAMERA_HEIGHT-pSceneTouchEvent.getY(); float dx = pValueX - gun.getX(); float dy = pValueY - gun.getY(); double Radius = Math.atan2(dy,dx); double Angle = Radius * 360 ; Box.setRotation((float)Math.toDegrees(Angle)); return true; }

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• How to make a great functional specification

  - by sfrj

  I am going to start a little side project very soon, but this time i want to do not just the little UML domain model and case diagrams i often do before programming, i thought about making a full functional specification. Is there anybody that has experience writing functional specifications that could recommend me what i need to add to it? How would be the best way to start preparing it? Here i will write down the topics that i think are more relevant: Purpose Functional Overview Context Diagram Critical Project Success Factors Scope (In & Out) Assumptions Actors (Data Sources, System Actors) Use Case Diagram Process Flow Diagram Activity Diagram Security Requirements Performance Requirements Special Requirements Business Rules Domain Model (Data model) Flow Scenarios (Success, alternate…) Time Schedule (Task Management) Goals System Requirements Expected Expenses What do you think about those topics? Shall i add something else? or maybe remove something?

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• How do we know to favour composition over generalisation is always the right choice?

  - by Carnotaurus

  Whether an object physically exists or not, we can choose to model it in different ways. We could arbitarily use generalisation or composition in many cases. However, the GoF principle of "favour composition over generalisation [sic]" guides us to use composition. So, when we model, for example, a line then we create a class that contains two members PointA and PointB of the type Point (composition) instead of extending Point (generalisation). This is just a simplified example of how we can arbitarily choose composition or inheritance to model, despite that objects are usually much more complex. How do we know that this is the right choice? It matters at least because there could be a ton of refactoring to do if it is wrong?

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• My Feelings About Microsoft Surface

  - by Valter Minute

  Advice: read the title carefully, I’m talking about “feelings” and not about advanced technical points proved in a scientific and objective way I still haven’t had a chance to play with a MS Surface tablet (I would love to, of course) and so my ideas just came from reading different articles on the net and MS official statements. Remember also that the MVP motto begins with “Independent” (“Independent Experts. Real World Answers.”) and this is just my humble opinion about a product and a technology. I know that, being an MS MVP you can be called an “MS-fanboy”, I don’t care, I hope that people can appreciate my opinion, even if it doesn’t match theirs. The “Surface” brand can be confusing for techies that knew the “original” surface concept but I think that will be a fresh new brand name for most of the people out there. But marketing department are here to confuse people… so I can understand this “recycle” of an existing name. So Microsoft is entering the hardware arena… for me this is good news. Microsoft developed some nice hardware in the past: the xbox, zune (even if the commercial success was quite limited) and, last but not least, the two arc mices (old and new model) that I use and appreciate. In the past Microsoft worked with OEMs and that model lead to good and bad things. Good thing (for microsoft, at least) is market domination by windows-based PCs that only in the last years has been reduced by the return of the Mac and tablets. Google is also moving in the hardware business with its acquisition of Motorola, and Apple leveraged his control of both the hardware and software sides to develop innovative products. Microsoft can scare OEMs and make them fly away from windows (but where?) or just lead the pack, showing how devices should be designed to compete in the market and bring back some of the innovation that disappeared from recent PC products (look at the shelves of your favorite electronics store and try to distinguish a laptop between the huge mass of anonymous PCs on displays… only Macs shine out there…). Having to compete with MS “official” hardware will force OEMs to develop better product and bring back some real competition in a market that was ruled only by prices (the lower the better even when that means low quality) and no innovative features at all (when it was the last time that a new PC surprised you?). Moving into a new market is a big and risky move, but with Windows 8 Microsoft is playing a crucial move for its future, trying to be back in the innovation run against apple and google. MS can’t afford to fail this time. I saw the new devices (the WinRT and Pro) and the specifications are scarce, misleading and confusing. The first impression is that the device looks like an iPad with a nice keyboard cover… Using “HD” and “full HD” to define display resolution instead of using the real figures and reviving the “ClearType” brand (now dead on Win8 as reported here and missed by people who hate to read text on displays, like myself) without providing clear figures (couldn’t you count those damned pixels?) seems to imply that MS was caught by surprise by apple recent “retina” displays that brought very high definition screens on tablets.Also there are no specifications about the processors used (even if some sources report NVidia Tegra for the ARM tablet and i5 for the x86 one) and expected battery life (a critical point for tablets and the point that killed Windows7 x86 based tablets). Also nothing about the price, and this will be another critical point because other platform out there already provide lots of applications and have a good user base, if MS want to enter this market tablets pricing must be competitive. There are some expansion ports (SD and USB), so no fixed storage model (even if the specs talks about 32-64GB for RT and 128-256GB for pro). I like this and don’t like the apple model where flash memory (that it’s dirt cheap used in thumdrives or SD cards) is as expensive as gold (or cocaine to have a more accurate per gram measurement) when mounted inside a tablet/phone. For big files you’ll be able to use external media and an SD card could be used to store files that don’t require super-fast SSD-like access times, I hope. To be honest I really don’t like the marketplace model and the limitation of Windows RT APIs (no local database? from a company that based a good share of its success on VB6+Access!) and lack of desktop support on the ARM (even if the support is here and has been used to port office). It’s a step toward the consumer market (where competitors are making big money), but may impact enterprise (and embedded) users that may not appreciate Windows 8 new UI or the limitations of the new app model (if you aren’t connected you are dead ). Not having compatibility with the desktop will require brand new applications and honestly made all the CPU cycles spent to convert .NET IL into real machine code in the past like a huge waste of time… as soon as a new processor architecture is supported by Windows you still have to rewrite part of your application (and MS is pushing HTML5+JS and native code more than .NET in my perception). On the other side I believe that the development experience provided by Visual Studio is still miles (or kilometres) ahead of the competition and even the all-uppercase menu of VS2012 hasn’t changed this situation. The new metro UI got mixed reviews. On my side I should say that is very pleasant to use on a touch screen, I like the minimalist design (even if sometimes is too minimal and hides stuff that, in my opinion, should be visible) but I should also say that using it with mouse and keyboard is like trying to pick your nose with boxing gloves… Metro is also very interesting for embedded devices where touch screen usage is quite common and where having an application taking all the screen is the norm. For devices like kiosks, vending machines etc. this kind of UI can be a great selling point. I don’t need a new tablet (to be honest I’m pretty happy with my wife’s iPad and with my PC), but I may change my opinion after having a chance to play a little bit with those new devices and understand what’s hidden under all this mysterious and generic announcements and specifications!

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• Is there an open source clone of a game in the Total War Series?

  - by sinekonata

  I loved Shogun:Total War gameplay and then later on spent weeks re-enacting historical wars and battles with Europa Barbarorum. It's a mod for Rome:TW that focuses on historical accuracy in the peoples, units, sounds, visuals, everything from macro mechanics to actual battles (e.g. a lot more missiles). Since that time I kind of turned my back on Windows cause it sucks and use Linux cause Mac sucks even worse. So as I miss that game (Eur. Barb.) and consider it the most realistic RTS to date, I'd like to know if there are any free and open source alternatives to it because ever since I'm under linux, I became addicted to FOSS so I also turned my back on paying (even kickstarters) for closed source, pay to play games. I have found a clone/alternative for everyone of the best games like Minecraft, CSS, Natural Selection, TA/SupCom etc... It's kind of the last one I need. The Spring engine is amazing for example, is there another open source project of the source in current development? Or would Spring itself be enough (it certainly looks capable) to make it? Thanks in advance guys...

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• Guitar hero clone and music

  - by mm24

  I am an indie game developer and I am doing a game similar to guitar hero. I am using tracks composed by musicians and I contacted them to sing a licensing contract. As is my first indie project I have no idea on how I should deal with the royalties aspect of this because each track as an ISRC code and each time a track is played in public there is a fee to pay to the "local" registration authority. An iPhone game it is downloaded and not played on air (or physically distributed), and hence I think there is a specific legislation for this that specifies how much one should pay. I own some of the tracks composed and for this I think I won't have to pay a royalty (even if the track has an ISRC code) but for other tracks I just have a license "to use". I wonder how a game like Guitar hero can sell on iPhone for as little as 0,99$ and then have "in app purchases" for packs of 3 songs (for about 2 dollars) and make a profit (I imagine they will have to pay a ISRC royalty). Does anyone of you have any idea of this can work or if there is a section in this forum where I can ask this question? I understand is not about coding but I think is about development of a game in the broader sense.

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• Web Services Example - Part 2: Programmatic

  - by Denis T

  In this edition of the ADF Mobile blog we'll tackle part 2 of our Web Service examples.  In this posting we'll take a look at using a SOAP Web Service but calling it programmatically in code and parsing the return into a bean. Getting the sample code: Just click here to download a zip of the entire project.  You can unzip it and load it into JDeveloper and deploy it either to iOS or Android.  Please follow the previous blog posts if you need help getting JDeveloper or ADF Mobile installed.  Note: This is a different workspace than WS-Part1 Defining our Web Service: Just like our first installment, we are using the same public weather forecast web service provided free by CDYNE Corporation.  Sometimes this service goes down so please ensure you know it's up before reporting this example isn't working. We're going to concentrate on the same two web service methods, GetCityForecastByZIP and GetWeatherInformation. Defing the Application: The application setup is identical to the Weather1 version.  There are some improvements to the data that is displayed as part of this example though.  Now we are able to show the associated image along with each forecast line when using the Forecast By Zip feature.  We've also added the temperature Hi/Low values into the UI. Summary of Fundamental Changes In This Application The most fundamental change is that we're binding the UI to the Bean Data Controls instead of directly to the Web Service Data Controls.  This gives us much more flexibility to control the shape of the data and allows us to do caching of the data outside of the Web Service.  This way if your application is, say offline, your bean could still populate with data from a local cache and still show you some UI as opposed to completely failing because you don't have any connectivity. In general we promote this type of programming technique with ADF Mobile to insulate your application from any issues with network connectivity. What's different with this example? We have setup the Web Service DC the same way but now we have managed beans to process the data.  The following classes define the "Model" of our application:  CityInformation-CityForecast-Forecast, WeatherInformation-WeatherDescription.  We use WeatherBean for UI interaction to the model layer.  If you look through this example, we don't really do that much with the java code except use it to grab the image URL from the weather description.  In a more realistic example, you might be using some JDBC classes to persist the data to a local database. To have a good architecture it is always good to keep your model and UI layers separate.  This gets muddied if you start to use bindings on a page invoked from Java code and this java code starts to become your "model" layer.  Since bindings are page specific, your model layer starts to become entwined with your UI.  Not good!  To help with this, we've added some utility functions that let you invoke DC methods without having a binding and thus execute methods from your "model" layer without requiring a binding in your page definition.  We do this with the invokeDataControlMethod of the AdfmfJavaUtilities class.  An example of this method call is available in line 95 of WeatherInformation.java and line 93 of CityInformation.Java. What's a GenericType? Because Web Service Data Controls (and also URL Data Controls AKA REST) use generic name/value pairs to define their structure and don't have strongly typed objects, these are actually stored internally as GenericType objects.  The GenericType class is simply a property map of name/value pairs that can be hierarchical.  There are methods like getAttribute where you supply the index of the attribute or it's string property name.  Why is this important to know?  Because invokeDataControlMethod returns GenericType objects and developers either need to parse these GenericType objects themselves or use one of our helper functions. GenericTypeBeanSerializationHelper This class does exactly what it's name implies.  It's a helper class for developers to aid in serialization of GenericTypes to/from java objects.  This is extremely handy if you have a large GenericType object with many attributes (or you're just lazy like me!) and you just want to parse it out into a real java object you can use more easily.  Here you would use the fromGenericType method.  This method takes the class of the Java object you wish to return and the GenericType as parameters.  The method then parses through each attribute in the GenericType and uses reflection to set that same attribute in the Java class.  Then the method returns that new object of the class you specified.  This is obviously very handy to avoid a lot of shuffling code between GenericType and your own Java classes.  The reverse method, toGenericType is also available when you want to go the other way.  In this case you supply the string that represents the package location in the DataControl definition (Example: "MyDC.myParams.MyCollection") and then pass in the Java object you have that holds the data and a GenericType is returned to you.  Again, it will use reflection to calculate the attributes that match between the java class and the GenericType and call the getters/setters on those. Issues and Possible Improvements: In the next installment we'll show you how to make your web service calls asynchronously so your UI will fill dynamically when the service call returns but in the meantime you show the data you have locally in your bean fed from some local cache.  This gives your users instant delivery of some data while you fetch other data in the background.

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• Javascript Canvas Drawing Efficiency

  - by jujumbura

  I have just recently started some experiments with game development in Javascript/HTML5, and so far it has been going pretty well. I have a simple test scene running with some basic input handling, and a hundred-ish drawImage() calls with a few transforms. This all runs great on Chrome, but unfortunately, it already chugs on Firefox. I am using a very large canvas ( 1920 x 1080 ), but it doesn't seem like I should be hitting my limit already. So on that note, I was hoping to ask a few questions: 1) What exactly is done on the CPU vs. the GPU in terms of canvas and drawImage()? I'm afraid the answer is probably "it depends on the browser", but can anybody give me some rules of thumb? I naively imagined that each drawImage call results in a textured quad on the GPU with the canvas effectively being a render target, but I'm wondering if I'm pretty far off base there... 2) I have seen posts here and there with people saying not to use the translate(), rotate(), scale() functions when drawing on the canvas. Am I adding a lot of overhead just by adding a translate() call, as opposed to passing in the x,y to drawImage()? Some people suggest using "transate3d", etc., which are CSS properties, but I'm not sure how to use them within a scene. Can they be used for animated sprites within a single canvas? 3) I have also seen a lot of posts with people mentioning that pre-building canvases and then re-using them is a lot faster than issuing all the individual draw calls again. I am guessing that my background should definitely be pre-built into a canvas, but how far should I take this? Should I maintain an individual canvas for each sprite, to cache all static image data when not animating? Thank you much for your advice!

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• Create indefinitely oscillating pendulum in Farseer Physics 3.3.1/Box2d

  - by GONeale

  I am new to Farseer Physics and using version 3.3.1. I am after some help and would even be happy to receive Box2d answers just to ensure I get a response as I should then be able to convert it! -- Thanks ...After a lot of tinkering around I have managed to produce a thin vertical rectangle shape on the screen and I wish this to swing back and forth pinned at the top up to an angle I set (90 degrees would be fine for this sample). When it is approaching the top I wish it to slow down, then fall back the way it just came, increase speed then obviously slow to a stop at the top again. Almost how a swinging pirate ship would work at a theme park. This is the code I have so far which swings the shape, but it is seeming to lose speed on each swing eventually grinding to a halt: float playerWidth = ConvertUnits.ToSimUnits(5), playerHeight = ConvertUnits.ToSimUnits(68); playerPosition = ConvertUnits.ToSimUnits(-350, 0); playerBody = BodyFactory.CreateRectangle(World, playerWidth, playerHeight, 2f, playerPosition); playerBody.BodyType = BodyType.Dynamic; // create player sprite based on player body _rectangleSprite = new Sprite(ScreenManager.Assets.TextureFromShape(playerBody.FixtureList[0].Shape, MaterialType.Player, Color.Orange, 1f)); // Create swinging joint var joint = JointFactory.CreateFixedRevoluteJoint(World, playerBody, ConvertUnits.ToSimUnits(0, -34), playerBody.Position); If somebody could also provide the command I would need to pause the shape on a mouse click or keyboard command at it's current angle and then continue when I let go of the mouse click that would be super fantastic! (I actually posted this on StackOverflow as well before I realised there was a dedicated game development forum) Cheers

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• c++ How to use angular velocity that derived from inertia and force(torque) in 3d

  - by user1217203

  I am relatively new to game development. May my terminology and description are not appropriate. Please excuse my poor phrasing and help me by giving advice on how to question better if this question seems less fitting. I really appreciate your efforts. Hi. I am having hard time interpreting the set of values I have. I have inertia and force(torque) in terms of x y z. FYI I used x and y coordinates as my ground, flat coordinates and z as my up/down. I am assuming that since f = ma, that angular acceleration must be a = f / m. So I divide my torque by inertia. Then I add those x y z values to my angular velocity variable's x y z. However these x y z values confuse me. Don't I need angle/sec or radian/sec sort of values in order to apply rotation? The x y z values I have seemed to not say anything about radians or angular movement. Question : If I have ( 1, 2, 3 ) or any ( x, y, z ) as my angular velocity, how do I actually apply it as angular movement? FYI Here I am pasting my code : float mass = 100; float devidedMass = 1.0/12 * mass; Vec3 innertia( devidedMass* (_box._size.z*_box._size.z + _box._size.x*_box._size.x), devidedMass* (_box._size.y*_box._size.y + _box._size.x*_box._size.x), devidedMass* (_box._size.y*_box._size.y + _box._size.z*_box._size.z )); box._angAccel += forceAng/innertia; box._angVelo += box._angAccel; box._angAccel.allZero(); source of my inertia calculation http://www.health.uottawa.ca/biomech/courses/apa4311/solids.pdf

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• ADF Reusable Artefacts

  - by Arda Eralp

  Primary reusable ADF Business Component: Entity Objects (EOs) View Objects (VOs) Application Modules (AMs) Framework Extensions Classes Primary reusable ADF Controller: Bounded Task Flows (BTFs) Task Flow Templates Primary reusable ADF Faces: Page Templates Skins Declarative Components Utility Classes Certain components will often be used more than once. Whether the reuse happens within the same application, or across different applications, it is often advantageous to package these reusable components into a library that can be shared between different developers, across different teams, and even across departments within an organization. In the world of Java object-oriented programming, reusing classes and objects is just standard procedure. With the introduction of the model-view-controller (MVC) architecture, applications can be further modularized into separate model, view, and controller layers. By separating the data (model and business services layers) from the presentation (view and controller layers), you ensure that changes to any one layer do not affect the integrity of the other layers. You can change business logic without having to change the UI, or redesign the web pages or front end without having to recode domain logic. Oracle ADF and JDeveloper support the MVC design pattern. When you create an application in JDeveloper, you can choose many application templates that automatically set up data model and user interface projects. Because the different MVC layers are decoupled from each other, development can proceed on different projects in parallel and with a certain amount of independence. ADF Library further extends this modularity of design by providing a convenient and practical way to create, deploy, and reuse high-level components. When you first design your application, you design it with component reusability in mind. If you created components that can be reused, you can package them into JAR files and add them to a reusable component repository. If you need a component, you may look into the repository for those components and then add them into your project or application. For example, you can create an application module for a domain and package it to be used as the data model project in several different applications. Or, if your application will be consuming components, you may be able to load a page template component from a repository of ADF Library JARs to create common look and feel pages. Then you can put your page flow together by stringing together several task flow components pulled from the library. An ADF Library JAR contains ADF components and does not, and cannot, contain other JARs. It should not be confused with the JDeveloper library, Java EE library, or Oracle WebLogic shared library. Reusable Component Description Data Control Any data control can be packaged into an ADF Library JAR. Some of the data controls supported by Oracle ADF include application modules, Enterprise JavaBeans, web services, URL services, JavaBeans, and placeholder data controls. Application Module When you are using ADF Business Components and you generate an application module, an associated application module data control is also generated. When you package an application module data control, you also package up the ADF Business Components associated with that application module. The relevant entity objects, view objects, and associations will be a part of the ADF Library JAR and available for reuse. Business Components Business components are the entity objects, view objects, and associations used in the ADF Business Components data model project. You can package business components by themselves or together with an application module. Task Flows & Task Flow Templates Task flows can be packaged into an ADF Library JAR for reuse. If you drop a bounded task flow that uses page fragments, JDeveloper adds a region to the page and binds it to the dropped task flow. ADF bounded task flows built using pages can be dropped onto pages. The drop will create a link to call the bounded task flow. A task flow call activity and control flow will automatically be added to the task flow, with the view activity referencing the page. If there is more than one existing task flow with a view activity referencing the page, it will prompt you to select the one to automatically add a task flow call activity and control flow. If an ADF task flow template was created in the same project as the task flow, the ADF task flow template will be included in the ADF Library JAR and will be reusable. Page Templates You can package a page template and its artifacts into an ADF Library JAR. If the template uses image files and they are included in a directory within your project, these files will also be available for the template during reuse. Declarative Components You can create declarative components and package them for reuse. The tag libraries associated with the component will be included and loaded into the consuming project. You can also package up projects that have several different reusable components if you expect that more than one component will be consumed. For example, you can create a project that has both an application module and a bounded task flow. When this ADF Library JAR file is consumed, the application will have both the application module and the task flow available for use. You can package multiple components into one JAR file, or you can package a single component into a JAR file. Oracle ADF and JDeveloper give you the option and flexibility to create reusable components that best suit you and your organization. You create a reusable component by using JDeveloper to package and deploy the project that contains the components into a ADF Library JAR file. You use the components by adding that JAR to the consuming project. At design time, the JAR is added to the consuming project's class path and so is available for reuse. At runtime, the reused component runs from the JAR file by reference.

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• What economic books would you suggest for learning about economic valuation of goods and simulations thereof?

  - by Rushyo

  I'm looking to create an economic model for a game based on goods created procedurally. Every natural resource and produced good would be procedurally generated, with certain goods being assigned certain uses. Fakesium might be used for the production of Weapon A and produced from Fakesium factories which use Dilithium and Widgets as reagents, where Widgets are also the product of Foo and Bar The problem is not creating the resources and their various production utlities - but getting the game's AI empires and merchants to (Addendum: somewhat) correctly value the goods according to their scarcity, utility and production costs. I need to create a simulation of goods which allows the various game factions to assign a common value denominator (credits) to each resource, depending on how much its worth to that empire. I see the simulation being something like: "I have a high requirement for Weapon A. Since I don't have much of Fakesium, which is needed for Weapon A - I must have a high demand for Fakesium. If I can acquire Fakesium, devalue it. If not, increase its value - and also increase demand for Dilithium and Widgets too." This is very naive - because it may be much much cheaper for the empire to simply purchase Dilithium and Widgets directly rather than purchasing Fakesium, for example. Another example is two resources might allow the creation of Weapon A (Fakesium and Lieron), so we'd need to consider that. I've been scratching my head over the problem and it keeps growing. By the time the player joins the world, I'd expect enough iterations of this process to have occurred that prices would have largely normalised - and would then only trigger rarely to compensate for major changes (eg. if the player blows up the world's only Foo mine!) Could anyone suggest resources (books, largely) which outline this style of modelling, preferably in the context of simulations? Since this problem would never occur outside fantasy worlds, I figured this is probably the most likely place to find people who have encountered similar problems and I'm sure there's people who know of good places for Games Developers to start looking at less specific economic theory too. Additionally, does anyone know of any developers with blogs whose games or research applications perform similar modelling? EDIT: I think I should underline that I'm not looking for optimal solutions. I'm looking to make the actors impulsive - making rudimentary decisions based on fuzzy inputs about what they care about or don't. I'm aiming to understand the problem area better not derive answers. All the textbooks I've found seem to be about real-world economics or how to solve complex theoretical problems, neither of which are terribly relevant to the actor's decision making.

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• Quaternion based rotation and pivot position

  - by Michael IV

  I can't figure out how to perform matrix rotation using Quaternion while taking into account pivot position in OpenGL.What I am currently getting is rotation of the object around some point in the space and not a local pivot which is what I want. Here is the code [Using Java] Quaternion rotation method: public void rotateTo3(float xr, float yr, float zr) { _rotation.x = xr; _rotation.y = yr; _rotation.z = zr; Quaternion xrotQ = Glm.angleAxis((xr), Vec3.X_AXIS); Quaternion yrotQ = Glm.angleAxis((yr), Vec3.Y_AXIS); Quaternion zrotQ = Glm.angleAxis((zr), Vec3.Z_AXIS); xrotQ = Glm.normalize(xrotQ); yrotQ = Glm.normalize(yrotQ); zrotQ = Glm.normalize(zrotQ); Quaternion acumQuat; acumQuat = Quaternion.mul(xrotQ, yrotQ); acumQuat = Quaternion.mul(acumQuat, zrotQ); Mat4 rotMat = Glm.matCast(acumQuat); _model = new Mat4(1); scaleTo(_scaleX, _scaleY, _scaleZ); _model = Glm.translate(_model, new Vec3(_pivot.x, _pivot.y, 0)); _model =rotMat.mul(_model);//_model.mul(rotMat); //rotMat.mul(_model); _model = Glm.translate(_model, new Vec3(-_pivot.x, -_pivot.y, 0)); translateTo(_x, _y, _z); notifyTranformChange(); } Model matrix scale method: public void scaleTo(float x, float y, float z) { _model.set(0, x); _model.set(5, y); _model.set(10, z); _scaleX = x; _scaleY = y; _scaleZ = z; notifyTranformChange(); } Translate method: public void translateTo(float x, float y, float z) { _x = x - _pivot.x; _y = y - _pivot.y; _z = z; _position.x = _x; _position.y = _y; _position.z = _z; _model.set(12, _x); _model.set(13, _y); _model.set(14, _z); notifyTranformChange(); } But this method in which I don't use Quaternion works fine: public void rotate(Vec3 axis, float angleDegr) { _rotation.add(axis.scale(angleDegr)); // change to GLM: Mat4 backTr = new Mat4(1.0f); backTr = Glm.translate(backTr, new Vec3(_pivot.x, _pivot.y, 0)); backTr = Glm.rotate(backTr, angleDegr, axis); backTr = Glm.translate(backTr, new Vec3(-_pivot.x, -_pivot.y, 0)); _model =_model.mul(backTr);///backTr.mul(_model); notifyTranformChange(); }

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• Opengl-es picking object

  - by lacas

  I saw a lot of picking code opengl-es, but nothing worked. Can someone give me what am I missing? My code is (from tutorials/forums) Vec3 far = Camera.getPosition(); Vec3 near = Shared.opengl().getPickingRay(ev.getX(), ev.getY(), 0); Vec3 direction = far.sub(near); direction.normalize(); Log.e("direction", direction.x+" "+direction.y+" "+direction.z); Ray mouseRay = new Ray(near, direction); for (int n=0; n<ObjectFactory.objects.size(); n++) { if (ObjectFactory.objects.get(n)!=null) { IObject obj = ObjectFactory.objects.get(n); float discriminant, b; float radius=0.1f; b = -mouseRay.getOrigin().dot(mouseRay.getDirection()); discriminant = b * b - mouseRay.getOrigin().dot(mouseRay.getOrigin()) + radius*radius; discriminant = FloatMath.sqrt(discriminant); double x1 = b - discriminant; double x2 = b + discriminant; Log.e("asd", obj.getName() + " "+discriminant+" "+x1+" "+x2); } } my camera vectors: //cam Vec3 position =new Vec3(-obj.getPosX()+x, obj.getPosZ()-0.3f, obj.getPosY()+z); Vec3 direction =new Vec3(-obj.getPosX(), obj.getPosZ(), obj.getPosY()); Vec3 up =new Vec3(0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f); Camera.set(position, direction, up); and my picking code: public Vec3 getPickingRay(float mouseX, float mouseY, float mouseZ) { int[] viewport = getViewport(); float[] modelview = getModelView(); float[] projection = getProjection(); float winX, winY; float[] position = new float[4]; winX = (float)mouseX; winY = (float)Shared.screen.width - (float)mouseY; GLU.gluUnProject(winX, winY, mouseZ, modelview, 0, projection, 0, viewport, 0, position, 0); return new Vec3(position[0], position[1], position[2]); } My camera moving all the time in 3d space. and my actors/modells moving too. my camera is following one actor/modell and the user can move the camera on a circle on this model. How can I change the above code to working?

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• How to deal with OpenGL and Fullscreen on OS X

  - by Armin Ronacher

  I do most of my development on OS X and for my current game project this is my target environment. However when I play games I play on Windows. As a windows gamer I am used to Alt+Tab switching from within the game to the last application that was open. On OS X I currently can't find either a game that supports that nor can I find a way to make it possible. My current project is based on SDL 1.3 and I can see that cmd+tab is a sequence that is sent directly to my application and not intercepted by the operating system. Now my first attempt was to hide the rendering window on cmd+tab which certainly works, but has the disadvantage that a hidden OpenGL window in SDL cannot be restored when the user tabs back to the application. First of all, there is no event fired for that or I can't find it, secondly the core problem is that when that application window is hidden, my game is still the active application, just that the window disappeared. That is incredible annoying. Any ideas how to approximate the windows / linux behavior for alt+tab?

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