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• Python and a "time value of money" problem.

  - by jamieb

  (I asked this question earlier today, but I did a poor job of explaining myself. Let me try again) I have a client who is an industrial maintenance company. They sell service agreements that are prepaid 20 hour blocks of a technician's time. Some of their larger customers might burn through that agreement in two weeks while customers with fewer problems might go eight months on that same contract. I would like to use Python to help model projected sales revenue and determine how many billable hours per month that they'll be on the hook for. If each customer only ever bought a single service contract (never renewed) it would be easy to figure sales as monthly_revenue = contract_value * qty_contracts_sold. Billable hours would also be easy: billable_hrs = hrs_per_contract * qty_contracts_sold. However, how do I account for renewals? Assuming that 90% (or some other arbitrary amount) of customers renew, then their monthly revenue ought to grow geometrically. Another important variable is how long the average customer burns through a contract. How do I determine what the revenue and billable hours will be 3, 6, or 12 months from now, based on various renewal and burn rates? I assume that I'd use some type of recursive function but math was never one of my strong points. Any suggestions please? Edit: I'm thinking that the best way to approach this is to think of it as a "time value of money" problem. I've retitled the question as such. The problem is probably a lot more common if you think of "monthly sales" as something similar to annuity payments.

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• How to retrieve view of MultiIndex DataFrame

  - by Henry S. Harrison

  This question was inspired by this question. I had the same problem, updating a MultiIndex DataFrame by selection. The drop_level=False solution in Pandas 0.13 will allow me to achieve the same result, but I am still wondering why I cannot get a view from the MultiIndex DataFrame. In other words, why does this not work?: >>> sat = d.xs('sat', level='day', copy=False) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\frame.py", line 2248, in xs raise ValueError('Cannot retrieve view (copy=False)') ValueError: Cannot retrieve view (copy=False) Of course it could be only because it is not implemented, but is there a reason? Is it somehow ambiguous or impossible to implement? Returning a view is more intuitive to me than returning a copy then later updating the original. I looked through the source and it seems this situation is checked explicitly to raise an error. Alternatively, is it possible to get the same sort of view from any of the other indexing methods? I've experimented but have not been successful. [edit] Some potential implementations are discussed here. I guess with the last question above I'm wondering what the current best solution is to index into arbitrary multiindex slices and cross-sections.

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• How to represent and insert into an ordered list in SQL?

  - by Travis

  I want to represent the list "hi", "hello", "goodbye", "good day", "howdy" (with that order), in a SQL table: pk | i | val ------------ 1 | 0 | hi 0 | 2 | hello 2 | 3 | goodbye 3 | 4 | good day 5 | 6 | howdy 'pk' is the primary key column. Disregard its values. 'i' is the "index" that defines that order of the values in the 'val' column. It is only used to establish the order and the values are otherwise unimportant. The problem I'm having is with inserting values into the list while maintaining the order. For example, if I want to insert "hey" and I want it to appear between "hello" and "goodbye", then I have to shift the 'i' values of "goodbye" and "good day" (but preferably not "howdy") to make room for the new entry. So, is there a standard SQL pattern to do the shift operation, but only shift the elements that are necessary? (Note that a simple "UPDATE table SET i=i+1 WHERE i=3" doesn't work, because it violates the uniqueness constraint on 'i', and also it updates the "howdy" row unnecessarily.) Or, is there a better way to represent the ordered list? I suppose you could make 'i' a floating point value and choose values between, but then you have to have a separate rebalancing operation when no such value exists. Or, is there some standard algorithm for generating string values between arbitrary other strings, if I were to make 'i' a varchar? Or should I just represent it as a linked list? I was avoiding that because I'd like to also be able to do a SELECT .. ORDER BY to get all the elements in order.

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• How do tools like Hiphop for PHP deal with heterogenous arrays?

  - by Derek Thurn

  I think HipHop for PHP is an interesting tool. It essentially converts PHP code into C++ code. Cross compiling in this manner seems like a great idea, but I have to wonder, how do they overcome the fundamental differences between the two type systems? One specific example of my general question is heterogeneous data structures. Statically typed languages don't tend to let you put arbitrary types into an array or other container because they need to be able to figure out the types on the other end. If I have a PHP array like this: $mixedBag = array("cat", 42, 8.5, false); How can this be represented in C++ code? One option would be to use void pointers (or the superior version, boost::any), but then you need to cast when you take stuff back out of the array... and I'm not at all convinced that the type inferencer can always figure out what to cast to at the other end. A better option, perhaps, would be something more like a union (or boost::variant), but then you need to enumerate all possible types at compile time... maybe possible, but certainly messy since arrays can contain arbitrarily complex entities. Does anyone know how HipHop and similar tools which go from a dynamic typing discipline to a static discipline handle these types of problems?

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• using an alternative string quotation syntax in python

  - by Cawas

  Just wondering... I find using escape characters too distracting. I'd rather do something like this: print ^'Let's begin and end with sets of unlikely 2 chars and bingo!'^ Let's begin and end with sets of unlikely 2 chars and bingo! Note the ' inside the string, and how this syntax would have no issue with it, or whatever else inside for basically all cases. Too bad markdown can't properly colorize it (yet), so I decided to <pre> it. Sure, the ^ could be any other char, I'm not sure what would look/work better. That sounds good enough to me, tho. Probably some other language already have a similar solution. And, just maybe, Python already have such a feature and I overlooked it. I hope this is the case. But if it isn't, would it be too hard to, somehow, change Python's interpreter and be able to select an arbitrary (or even standardized) syntax for notating the strings? I realize there are many ways to change statements and the whole syntax in general by using pre-compilators, but this is far more specific. And going any of those routes is what I call "too hard". I'm not really needing to do this so, again, I'm just wondering.

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• how to read in a list of custom configuration objects

  - by Johnny

  hi, I want to implement Craig Andera's custom XML configuration handler in a slightly different scenario. What I want to be able to do is to read in a list of arbitrary length of custom objects defined as: public class TextFileInfo { public string Name { get; set; } public string TextFilePath { get; set; } public string XmlFilePath { get; set; } } I managed to replicate Craig's solution for one custom object but what if I want several? Craig's deserialization code is: public class XmlSerializerSectionHandler : IConfigurationSectionHandler { public object Create(object parent, object configContext, XmlNode section) { XPathNavigator nav = section.CreateNavigator(); string typename = (string)nav.Evaluate("string(@type)"); Type t = Type.GetType(typename); XmlSerializer ser = new XmlSerializer(t); return ser.Deserialize(new XmlNodeReader(section)); } } I think I could do this if I could get Type t = Type.GetType("System.Collections.Generic.List<TextFileInfo>") to work but it throws Could not load type 'System.Collections.Generic.List<Test1.TextFileInfo>' from assembly 'Test1, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null'.

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• C++ Exception Handling

  - by user1413793

  So I was writing some code and I noticed that apart from syntactical, type, and other compile-time errors, C++ does not throw any other exceptions. So I decided to test this out with a very trivial program: #include<iostream> int main() { std::count<<5/0<<std::endl; return 1 } When I compiled it using g++, g++ gave me a warning saying I was dividing by 0. But it still compiled the code. Then when I ran it, it printed some really large arbitrary number. When I want to know is, how does C++ deal with exceptions? Integer division by 0 should be a very trivial example of when an exception should be thrown and the program should terminate. Do I have to essentially enclose my entire program in a huge try block and then catch certain exceptions? I know in Python when an exception is thrown, the program will immediately terminate and print out the error. What does C++ do? Are there even runtime exceptions which stop execution and kill the program?

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• Recycle Freed Objects

  - by uray

  suppose I need to allocate and delete object on heap frequently (of arbitrary size), is there any performance benefit if instead of deleting those objects, I will return it back to some "pool" to be reused later? would it give benefit by reduce heap allocation/deallocation?, or it will be slower compared to memory allocator performance, since the "pool" need to manage a dynamic collection of pointers. my use case: suppose I create a queue container based on linked list, and each node of that list are allocated on the heap, so every call to push() and pop() will allocate and deallocate that node: ` template <typename T> struct QueueNode { QueueNode<T>* next; T object; } template <typename T> class Queue { void push(T object) { QueueNode<T>* newNode = QueueNodePool<T>::get(); //get recycled node if(!newNode) { newNode = new QueueNode<T>(object); } // push newNode routine here.. } T pop() { //pop routine here... QueueNodePool<T>::store(unusedNode); //recycle node return unusedNode->object; } } `

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• Boost Date_Time problem compiling a simple program

  - by Andry

  Hello! I'm writing a very stupid program using Boost Date_Time library. int main(int srgc, char** argv) { using namespace boost::posix_time; date d(2002,Feb,1); //an arbitrary date ptime t1(d, hours(5)+nanosec(100)); //date + time of day offset ptime t2 = t1 - minutes(4)+seconds(2); ptime now = second_clock::local_time(); //use the clock date today = now.date(); //Get the date part out of the time } Well I cannot compile it, compiler does not recognize a type... Well I used many features of Boost libs like serialization and more... I correctly built them and, looking in my /usr/local/lib folder I can see that libboost_date_time.so is there (a good sign which means I was able to build that library) When I compile I write the following: g++ -lboost_date_time main.cpp But the errors it showed me when I specify the lib are the same of those ones where I do not specify any lib. What is this? Anyone knows? The error is main.cpp: In function ‘int main(int, char**)’: main.cpp:9: error: ‘date’ was not declared in this scope main.cpp:9: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘d’ main.cpp:10: error: ‘d’ was not declared in this scope main.cpp:10: error: ‘nanosec’ was not declared in this scope main.cpp:13: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘today’

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• PHP: Next Available Value in an Array, starting with a non-indexed value

  - by Erik Smith

  I've been stumped on this PHP issue for about a day now. Basically, we have an array of hours formatted in 24-hour format, and an arbitrary value ($hour) (also a 24-hour). The problem is, we need to take $hour, and get the next available value in the array, starting with the value that immediately proceeds $hour. The array might look something like: $goodHours = array('8,9,10,11,12,19,20,21). Then the hour value might be: $hour = 14; So, we need some way to know that 19 is the next best time. Additionally, we might also need to get the second, third, or fourth (etc) available value. The issue seems to be that because 14 isn't a value in the array, there is not index to reference that would let us increment to the next value. To make things simpler, I've taken $goodHours and repeated the values several times just so I don't have to deal with going back to the start (maybe not the best way to do it, but a quick fix). I have a feeling this is something simple I'm missing, but I would be so appreciative if anyone could shed some light. Erik

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• Most efficient way to update attribute of one instance

  - by Begbie00

  Hi all - I'm creating an arbitrary number of instances (using for loops and ranges). At some event in the future, I need to change an attribute for only one of the instances. What's the best way to do this? Right now, I'm doing the following: 1) Manage the instances in a list. 2) Iterate through the list to find a key value. 3) Once I find the right object within the list (i.e. key value = value I'm looking for), change whatever attribute I need to change. for Instance within ListofInstances: if Instance.KeyValue == SearchValue: Instance.AttributeToChange = 10 This feels really inefficient: I'm basically iterating over the entire list of instances, even through I only need to change an attribute in one of them. Should I be storing the Instance references in a structure more suitable for random access (e.g. dictionary with KeyValue as the dictionary key?) Is a dictionary any more efficient in this case? Should I be using something else? Thanks, Mike

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• Autodiscovery for inclusion tags

  - by Ludwik Trammer

  The title may be a little confusing, but I don't know how else to call it. I would like to create a Django project with a large set of applications you could arbitrary turn on or off using INSTALLED_APPS option in settings.py (you would obviously also need to edit urls.py and run syncdb). After being turned on an app should be able to automatically: Register it's content in site-wide search. Luckily django-haystack has this built-in, so it's not a problem. Register cron jobs. django-cron does exactly that. Not a problem. Register a widget that should be displayed on the homepage. The homepage should include a list of boxes with widgets form different applications. I thought about inclusion tags, because you can put them anywhere on a page and they control both content and presentation. The problem is I don't know how to automatically get a list of inclusion tags provided by my applications, and display them one by one on a homepage. I need a way to register them somehow, and then display all registered tags.

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• Throwing a C++ exception after an inline-asm jump

  - by SoapBox

  I have some odd self modifying code, but at the root of it is a pretty simple problem: I want to be able to execute a jmp (or a call) and then from that arbitrary point throw an exception and have it caught by the try/catch block that contained the jmp/call. But when I do this (in gcc 4.4.1 x86_64) the exception results in a terminate() as it would if the exception was thrown from outside of a try/catch. I don't really see how this is different than throwing an exception from inside of some far-flung library, yet it obviously is because it just doesn't work. How can I execute a jmp or call but still throw an exception back to the original try/catch? Why doesn't this try/catch continue to handle these exceptions as it would if the function was called normally? The code: #include <iostream> #include <stdexcept> using namespace std; void thrower() { cout << "Inside thrower" << endl; throw runtime_error("some exception"); } int main() { cout << "Top of main" << endl; try { asm volatile ( "jmp *%0" // same thing happens with a call instead of a jmp : : "r"((long)thrower) : ); } catch (exception &e) { cout << "Caught : " << e.what() << endl; } cout << "Bottom of main" << endl << endl; } The expected output: Top of main Inside thrower Caught : some exception Bottom of main The actual output: Top of main Inside thrower terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::runtime_error' what(): some exception Aborted

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• File based caching under PHP

  - by azatoth

  I've been using http://code.google.com/p/phpbrowscap/ for a project, and it usually works nice. But a few times it's cache, which is plain php-files (see http://code.google.com/p/phpbrowscap/source/browse/trunk/browscap/Browscap.php#372 et. al.), has been "zeroed", i.e. the whole cache file has become large blob of NULLs. Instead of trying to find out why the files become NULL, I though perhaps it might be better to change the caching strategy to something more resilient. So I do wonder if you has any good ideas what would be a good solution; I've been looking at http://www.jongales.com/blog/2009/02/18/simple-file-based-php-cache-class/ and http://www.phpclasses.org/package/313-PHP-Cache-arbitrary-data-in-files-.html and I also though of just saving an serialized array to the file instead of pure php as it's been doing now; But I'm uncertain what approach I should target here. I'm grateful for any insight into this area of technology, as I know it's complex from a performance point of view.

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• What algorithms compute directions from point A to point B on a map?

  - by A. Rex

  How do map providers (such as Google or Yahoo! Maps) suggest directions? I mean, they probably have real-world data in some form, certainly including distances but also perhaps things like driving speeds, presence of sidewalks, train schedules, etc. But suppose the data were in a simpler format, say a very large directed graph with edge weights reflecting distances. I want to be able to quickly compute directions from one arbitrary point to another. Sometimes these points will be close together (within one city) while sometimes they will be far apart (cross-country). Graph algorithms like Dijkstra's algorithm will not work because the graph is enormous. Luckily, heuristic algorithms like A* will probably work. However, our data is very structured, and perhaps some kind of tiered approach might work? (For example, store precomputed directions between certain "key" points far apart, as well as some local directions. Then directions for two far-away points will involve local directions to a key points, global directions to another key point, and then local directions again.) What algorithms are actually used in practice? PS. This question was motivated by finding quirks in online mapping directions. Contrary to the triangle inequality, sometimes Google Maps thinks that X-Z takes longer and is farther than using an intermediate point as in X-Y-Z. But maybe their walking directions optimize for another parameter, too? PPS. Here's another violation of the triangle inequality that suggests (to me) that they use some kind of tiered approach: X-Z versus X-Y-Z. The former seems to use prominent Boulevard de Sebastopol even though it's slightly out of the way. (Edit: this example doesn't work anymore, but did at the time of the original post. The one above still works as of early November 2009.)

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• Using PHP as template language

  - by Kunal

  I wrote up this quick class to do templating via PHP -- I was wondering if this is easily exploitable if I were ever to open up templating to users (not the immediate plan, but thinking down the road). class Template { private $allowed_methods = array( 'if', 'switch', 'foreach', 'for', 'while' ); private function secure_code($template_code) { $php_section_pattern = '/\<\?(.*?)\?\>/'; $php_method_pattern = '/([a-zA-Z0-9_]+)[\s]*\(/'; preg_match_all($php_section_pattern, $template_code, $matches); foreach (array_unique($matches[1]) as $index => $code_chunk) { preg_match_all($php_method_pattern, $code_chunk, $sub_matches); $code_allowed = true; foreach ($sub_matches[1] as $method_name) { if (!in_array($method_name, $this->allowed_methods)) { $code_allowed = false; break; } } if (!$code_allowed) { $template_code = str_replace($matches[0][$index], '', $template_code); } } return $template_code; } public function render($template_code, $params) { extract($params); ob_start(); eval('?>'.$this->secure_code($template_code).'<?php '); $result = ob_get_contents(); ob_end_clean(); return $result; } } Example usage: $template_code = '<?= $title ?><? foreach ($photos as $photo): ?><img src="<?= $photo ?>"><? endforeach ?>'; $params = array('title' => 'My Title', 'photos' => array('img1.jpg', 'img2.jpg')); $template = new Template; echo $template->render($template_code, $params); The idea here is that I'd store the templates (PHP code) in the database, and then run it through the class which uses regular expressions to only allow permitted methods (if, for, etc.). Anyone see an obvious way to exploit this and run arbitrary PHP? If so, I'll probably go the more standard route of a templating language such as Smarty...

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• Storing float numbers as strings in android database

  - by sandis

  So I have an app where I put arbitrary strings in a database and later extract them like this: Cursor DBresult = myDatabase.query(false, Constant.DATABASE_NOTES_TABLE_NAME, new String[] {"myStuff"}, where, null, null, null, null, null); DBresult.getString(0); This works fine in all cases except for when the string looks like a float number, for example "221.123123123". After saving it to the database I can extract the database to my computer and look inside it with a DB-viewer, and the saved number is correct. However, when using cursor.getString() the string "221.123" is returned. I cant for the life of me understand how I can prevent this. I guess I could do a cursor.getDouble() on every single string to see if this gives a better result, but that feels sooo ugly and inefficient. Any suggestions? Cheers, edit: I just made a small test program. This program prints "result: 123.123", when I would like it to print "result: 123.123123123" SQLiteDatabase database = openOrCreateDatabase("databas", Context.MODE_PRIVATE, null); database.execSQL("create table if not exists tabell (nyckel string primary key);"); ContentValues value = new ContentValues(); value.put("nyckel", "123.123123123"); database.insert("tabell", null, value); Cursor result = database.query("tabell", new String[]{"nyckel"}, null, null, null, null, null); result.moveToFirst(); Log.d("TAG","result: " + result.getString(0));

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• Android - attach data to views

  - by Leonti

  Hi! In my application I create dynamic rows in table much as in this tutorial: http://en.androidwiki.com/wiki/Dynamically_adding_rows_to_TableLayout for(int i = startDay; i < startDay + 7; i++){ /* Create a TextView to be the row-content. */ TextView day = new TextView(this); day.setText(Integer.toString(i)); day.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams( LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT)); day.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { Log.i("Listener: ", "Click"); } So now when I click on a TextView I can register click event, but how do I determine which TextView was clicked? Not just an object which I get with an event but data like which day number was clicked? Ideally I would want to have data attached to every view I create dynamically. Something like data() method in Javascript jQuery. Right now I can see only 1 way to solve this - while creating TextView add id with data and when clicked - get id back and parse it to get my data. But it strikes me as ugly approach. Is there a way to attach arbitrary data to android views?

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• Are there pitfalls to using static class/event as an application message bus

  - by Doug Clutter

  I have a static generic class that helps me move events around with very little overhead: public static class MessageBus<T> where T : EventArgs { public static event EventHandler<T> MessageReceived; public static void SendMessage(object sender, T message) { if (MessageReceived != null) MessageReceived(sender, message); } } To create a system-wide message bus, I simply need to define an EventArgs class to pass around any arbitrary bits of information: class MyEventArgs : EventArgs { public string Message { get; set; } } Anywhere I'm interested in this event, I just wire up a handler: MessageBus<MyEventArgs>.MessageReceived += (s,e) => DoSomething(); Likewise, triggering the event is just as easy: MessageBus<MyEventArgs>.SendMessage(this, new MyEventArgs() {Message="hi mom"}); Using MessageBus and a custom EventArgs class lets me have an application wide message sink for a specific type of message. This comes in handy when you have several forms that, for example, display customer information and maybe a couple forms that update that information. None of the forms know about each other and none of them need to be wired to a static "super class". I have a couple questions: fxCop complains about using static methods with generics, but this is exactly what I'm after here. I want there to be exactly one MessageBus for each type of message handled. Using a static with a generic saves me from writing all the code that would maintain the list of MessageBus objects. Are the listening objects being kept "alive" via the MessageReceived event? For instance, perhaps I have this code in a Form.Load event: MessageBus<CustomerChangedEventArgs>.MessageReceived += (s,e) => DoReload(); When the Form is Closed, is the Form being retained in memory because MessageReceived has a reference to its DoReload method? Should I be removing the reference when the form closes: MessageBus<CustomerChangedEventArgs>.MessageReceived -= (s,e) => DoReload();

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• Python, Ruby, and C#: Use cases?

  - by thaorius

  Hi everyone. For as long as I can remember, I've always had a "favorite" language, which I use for most projects, until, for some particular reason, there is no way/point on using it for project XYZ. At that point, I find myself rusty (and sometimes outdated) on other languages+libraries+toolchains. So I decided, I would just use some languages/libs/tools for some things, and some for other, effectively keeping them fresh (there would obviously be exceptions, I'm not looking for an arbitrary rule set, but some guidelines). I wanted an opinion on what would be your standard use cases (new projects) for Python, Ruby, and C# (Mono). At the moment, I have time like this:Languages: C#: Mid-Large Sized Projects (mainly server-side daemons) High Performance (I hardly ever need C's performance, but Python just doesn't cut it) Relatively Low Footprint (vs the JVM, for example) Ruby: Web Applications Python: General Use Scripts (automation, system config, etc) Small-Mid Sized Projects Prototyping Web Applications About Ruby, I have no idea what to use it for that I can't use Python for (specially considering Python is more easily found installed by default). And I like both languages (though I'm really new to Ruby), which makes things even worse. As for C#, I have not used a Windows powered computer in a few years, I don't make things for Windows computers, and I don't mind waiting for Mono to implement some new features. That being said, I haven't found many people on the internet using it for server-sided *nix programming (not web related). I would appreciate some insight on this too. Thanks for your time.

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• Which JavaScript or ASP.NET Charting Component/Tool/Library Will Work For This?

  - by Jason Bunting

  [Update]: Forgot to include ComponentArt... Hi, An interaction designer employed by the client I am currently working for produced some mock-ups, and now it is my job to determine the best way of implementing the charts included therein. After looking at the options I am aware of and was able to find doing some simple Google searches, I have narrowed it down to using either ComponentArt, Dundas Charts or Infragistics, simply because from what I can see of their demos, they have certain features I believe I will need to get things done. Here are the pictures from the mock-ups - ideally I need one piece of software that will cover all of these: This chart seems to be simple enough. Notice the arbitrary spacing between the years - not yet sure if this will be a sticking-point for the client or not. I don't know that I have ever seen a chart like this one - it combines the previous chart with some additional data. Here is the same chart, only this time illustrating what happens when a user mouses-over or clicks on an annotation within the chart. They want the nice styling within the pop-up, so the pop-up needs to be something like an iframe or similar. Any ideas or recommendations would be appreciated, I haven't used charting controls in years, so I am at a bit of a loss and the client wants an estimate soon. Thank you!

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• A regex I have working in Ruby doesn't in PHP; what could the cause be?

  - by Alex R

  I do not know ruby. I am trying to use the following regex that was generated by ruby (namely by http://www.a-k-r.org/abnf/ running on the grammar given rfc1738) in php. It is failing to match in php, but it is successfully matching in ruby. Does anyone see what differences between php's and ruby's handling of regexes that might explain this discrepancy? http:\/\/(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-z]|[0-9a-z](?:[\x2d0-9a-z]?)*[0-9a-z])\x2e)?)*(?:[a-z]|[a-z](?:[\x2d0-9a-z]?)*[0-9a-z])|\d+\x2e\d+\x2e\d+\x2e\d+)(?::\d+)?(?:\/(?:(?:[!\x24'-\x2e0-9_a-z]|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[&:;=@])?)*(?:(?:\/(?:(?:[!\x24'-\x2e0-9_a-z]|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[&:;=@])?)*)?)*(?:\x3f(?:(?:[!\x24'-\x2e0-9_a-z]|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[&:;=@])?)*)?)?/i Since you all love regexes so much, how about an alternate solution. Given the ABNF in an rfc, I want a way (in php) to check if an arbitrary string is in the grammar. APG fails to compile on a 64-bit system, VTC is not Free, and I have not found any other such tools. I would also prefer not to use a regex, but it's the closest I've come to success.

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• How can I get the rank of rows relative to total number of rows based on a field?

  - by Arms

  I have a scores table that has two fields: user_id score I'm fetching specific rows that match a list of user_id's. How can I determine a rank for each row relative to the total number of rows, based on score? The rows in the result set are not necessarily sequential (the scores will vary widely from one row to the next). I'm not sure if this matters, but user_id is a unique field. Edit @Greelmo I'm already ordering the rows. If I fetch 15 rows, I don't want the rank to be 1-15. I need it to be the position of that row compared against the entire table by the score property. So if I have 200 rows, one row's rank may be 3 and another may be 179 (these are arbitrary #'s for example only). Edit 2 I'm having some luck with this query, but I actually want to avoid ties SELECT s.score , s.created_at , u.name , u.location , u.icon_id , u.photo , (SELECT COUNT(*) + 1 FROM scores WHERE score > s.score) AS rank FROM scores s LEFT JOIN users u ON u.uID = s.user_id ORDER BY s.score DESC , s.created_at DESC LIMIT 15 If two or more rows have the same score, I want the latest one (or earliest - I don't care) to be ranked higher. I tried modifying the subquery with AND id > s.id but that ended up giving me an unexpected result set and different ties.

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• Hashing the state of a complex object in .NET

  - by Jan

  Some background information: I am working on a C#/WPF application, which basically is about creating, editing, saving and loading some data model. The data model contains of a hierarchy of various objects. There is a "root" object of class A, which has a list of objects of class B, which each has a list of objects of class C, etc. Around 30 classes involved in total. Now my problem is that I want to prompt the user with the usual "you have unsaved changes, save?" dialog, if he tries to exit the program. But how do I know if the data in current loaded model is actually changed? There is of course ways to solve this, like e.g. reloading the model from file and compare against the one in memory value by value or make every UI control set a flag indicating the model has been changed. Now instead, I want to create a hash value based on the model state on load and generate a new value when the user tries to exit, and compare those two. Now the question: So inspired of that, I was wondering if there exist some way to generate a hash value from the (value)state of some arbitrary complex object? Preferably in a generic way, e.g. no need to apply attributes to each involved class/field. One idea could be to use some of .NET's serialization functionality (assuming it will work out-of-the-box in this case) and apply a hash function to the content of the resulting file. However, I guess there exist some more suitable approach. Thanks in advance.

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• KeyStore, HttpClient, and HTTPS: Can someone explain this code to me?

  - by stormin986

  I'm trying to understand what's going on in this code. KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType()); FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("my.keystore")); try { trustStore.load(instream, "nopassword".toCharArray()); } finally { instream.close(); } SSLSocketFactory socketFactory = new SSLSocketFactory(trustStore); Scheme sch = new Scheme("https", socketFactory, 443); httpclient.getConnectionManager().getSchemeRegistry().register(sch); My Questions: trustStore.load(instream, "nopassword".toCharArray()); is doing what exactly? From reading the documentation load() will load KeyStore data from an input stream (which is just an empty file we just created), using some arbitrary "nopassword". Why not just load it with null as the InputStream parameter and an empty string as the password field? And then what is happening when this empty KeyStore is being passed to the SSLSocketFactory constructor? What's the result of such an operation? Or -- is this simply an example where in a real application you would have to actually put a reference to an existing keystore file / password?

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