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  • In Bash, how can I obtain the directory path from the previous command's last argument

    - by Beaming Mel-Bin
    I frequently have to do this. For example: $ vim /etc/pam.d/sudo $ vim /etc/pam.d/sudo-i $ cd /etc/pam.d/ # Figure I should just go to the directory Now, is there a way I could obtain the directory of the last argument when it's a file path? I'm asking this cause I recently became aware of the $_ variable that has become useful. Was wondering if there's some other commandline fu that might come in handy.

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  • How to make a non-root user to use chown for any user group files?

    - by user1877716
    I would like to make a user super powerful, with almost all root rights but unable to touch a the root user (to change the password of the root). My goal is to user "B" to manage my web server. The problem is user B need to able to run the chown and chmod commands on some files belonging to other users. I tried to put B in root group or use visudo, but it's not enough. I'm working an Centos 6 system. If some body have ideas!

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  • iptables rule on INPUT between 2 ethernet cards on the same host

    - by user1495181
    I have 2 eth cards on the same host. Both connected directly with LAN cable. I set eth0 with ip - 192.168.1.2 I set eth1 with ip - 192.168.1.1 I set this rule: iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -j NFQUEUE --queue-num 0 There are no other rules. (I ran iptables -X,-F) I send TCP syn packet ( with c++ program by using raw socket) from 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.1 In wireshark i see that the packet received on eth0, but the iptables rule (above) dosnt apply for this packet. when i sent the packet to remote host and apply this rule on the remote host than it work correct. So, i guess that this is due to the fact that both eth cards exists the same host. . I need to create iptables INPUT rule for local eth card (dest and src on the same machine ). I need it for simplify test. Did i guess the problem correct? is there a way to bypass this? Ps - connected them via switch didn't help. the rule wasn't applied. Run on Ubuntu. TCDUMP show the packet: 10:48:42.365002 IP 192.168.1.2.38550 > 192.168.1.1.34298: Flags [S], seq 0, win 5840, length 0 but logging of iptables like this, has nothing: iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -j LOG --log-prefix '*****************' iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -j LOG --log-prefix '#################'

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  • NTP configuration not recognized?

    - by Eugene S
    I'm trying to configure NTP on my machine but it seems that the parameters I set are not being read by the system. Below is my /etc/ntp.conf file. (I applied the most basic configuration to eliminate other issues) server 10.45.68.47 server 127.0.0.1 After I set the above configuration, I restart the ntpd process by doing the following: service ntpd restart And then I get the following output: Shutting down ntpd: [ OK ] ntpd: Synchronizing with time server: [FAILED] Starting ntpd: [ OK ] Moreover, I can see the following in /var/etc/messages: Apr 2 10:54:07 hsystem1a ntpd[21067]: ntpd exiting on signal 15 Apr 2 10:54:07 hsystem1a ntpdate[21537]: can't find host ntpServer1 Apr 2 10:54:07 hsystem1a ntpdate[21537]: can't find host ntpServer2 Apr 2 10:54:07 hsystem1a ntpdate[21537]: no servers can be used, exiting So it seems that the ntpServer1 and the ntpServer2 are being read from somewhere instead of the IPs I configured in /etc/ntp.conf. NOTE: I done init 6 on the machine just in case. Thanks!

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  • Waiting for a daemontools service to stop

    - by also
    I'm running a service under daemontools that take several seconds to stop when sent the TERM signal. I need to stop it in a script, and then wait for the process to stop before continuing to take a LVM snapshot or restarting the service. Does daemontools provide a way to do this? If not, what's the best way? I was thinking of sleeping while svcok exits with 0, but it seems like this should be a common problem with an easier solution. Thoughts?

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  • How do I allow users to execute commands via ssh without allocating a pseudo-terminal

    - by Dani El
    I need to allow users to run a limited set of commands. But not to allow them to create interactive sessions. Just like GitHub does. If you try to ssh without a command it greetings you and close the session. I can acquire this by using ForceCommand some-script But getting in some-script i then need to eval user's input. Perhaps any other NoTTY-like option in sshd_config? --- UPDATE --- i'm looking for a pure SSH / Bash solution, not Perl/Python/etc. hacks.

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  • SIGINT and SIGTSTP ignored by most common applications

    - by Vašek Potocek
    After the last upgrade to my Fedora, a strange behaviour started occurring in X terminal applications. I can't seem to stop any process using Ctrl+C, it just results in printing ^C to the console. Similarly, Ctrl+Z prints ^Z and the process goes on. Both work well in non-graphical virtual consoles. I checked stty -a and it seems perfectly normal: speed 38400 baud; rows 24; columns 80; line = 0; intr = ^C; quit = ^\; erase = ^?; kill = ^U; eof = ^D; eol = M-^?; eol2 = M-^?; swtch = M-^?; start = ^Q; stop = ^S; susp = ^Z; rprnt = ^R; werase = ^W; lnext = ^V; flush = ^O; min = 1; time = 0; -parenb -parodd cs8 hupcl -cstopb cread -clocal -crtscts -ignbrk brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip -inlcr -igncr icrnl ixon -ixoff -iuclc ixany imaxbel iutf8 opost -olcuc -ocrnl onlcr -onocr -onlret -ofill -ofdel nl0 cr0 tab0 bs0 vt0 ff0 isig icanon iexten echo echoe echok -echonl -noflsh -xcase -tostop -echoprt echoctl echoke This is independent of the terminal (gnome-terminal, XFCE4 terminal, xterm). I later noticed that it may not be caused by the terminal at all: INT or TSTP sent directly to the respective process are ignored, too. This comprises various applications I used to terminate using Ctrl+C on a regular basis (and which often don't have any better means of exiting): cat, find, tail -f, java, ping, mplayer when stuck on a broken file... Even bash ignores Ctrl+C when I want to break a command line I have been entering and then changed my mind (no ^C is printed in this case). I need to delete it character by character (of which there may be hundreds if filename completion has been used) or intentionally run the unwanted command. Strangely enough, vim does recognize Ctrl+C—just to say its "use :quit", of course. This is extremely annoying and prevents me from working efficiently. Everything had been working until lately, maybe a week ago or so. I can not find any possible causes in Google, perhaps I'm trying wrong search terms or misidentifying the main problem. What could be it and how could I revert the standard behaviour, please? Update Ctrl+Z works sometimes. It seems that in the very first terminal I launch after logging in it stops the running command but stops working after that.

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  • Log with iptalbes which user is delivering email to port 25

    - by Maus
    Because we got blacklisted on CBL I set up the following firewall rules with iptables: #!/bin/bash iptables -A OUTPUT -d 127.0.0.1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 25 -m owner --gid-owner mail -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 25 -m owner --uid-owner root -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 25 -m owner --uid-owner Debian-exim -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m limit --limit 15/minute -m tcp --dport 25 -j LOG --log-prefix "LOCAL_DROPPED_SPAM" iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 25 -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable I'm not able to connect to port 25 from localhost with another user than root or a mail group member - So it seems to work. Still some questions remain: How effective do you rate this rule-set to prevent spam coming from bad PHP-Scripts hosted on the server? Is there a way to block port 25 and 587 within the same statement? Is the usage of /usr/sbin/sendmail also limited or blocked by this rule-set? Is there a way to log the username of all other attempts which try to deliver stuff to port 25?

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  • Find hosted directories/ports in Jetty/Apache

    - by Paul Creasey
    Hi, I first asked this on SO, but i didn't get a response and i think it is probably more appropriate here. Let say I have a directory which is being hosted by Jetty or Apache (i'd like an answer for both), i know the URL including the port and i can log into the server. How can i find the directory that is being hosted by a certain port? I'd also like to go the other way, i have a folder on the server, which i know if being hosted, but i don't know the port so i can't find it in a web browser. How can i find a list of directories that are being hosted? This has been bugging me for ages but i've never bothered to ask before! Thanks.

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  • Full Apache config migration

    - by Victor Rashkov
    I searched alot and didn't find an applicable answer. I have a working LAMP setup on Ubuntu machine and I have to migrate to a new server in a different country. The old server is 11.10, the new server is 12.04LTS. My problem is that I simply can not remember the steps I followed when I configured the current server which is not the basic LAMP install. It is Apache with FastCGI, SuEXEC, a GD library, worker MPM and all sitting on top of a mhddfs system. There are also other configs I've changed and I can not recall what they are. Because of the complexity of the setup, my attempts to migrate to the new server fail. I get permissions errors, cgi problems etc. Therefore my question is : Is there a sane way to simply tar a full backup of the current web server installation, including MySQL, Php amd the apache server with all configs, and then move it to the new machine? I shall be forever thankful on any advise. So far non of thise I found here gave me an answer. Thanks!

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  • Lots of dropped packages when tcpdumping on busy interface

    - by Frands Hansen
    My challenge I need to do tcpdumping of a lot of data - actually from 2 interfaces left in promiscuous mode that are able to see a lot of traffic. To sum it up Log all traffic in promiscuous mode from 2 interfaces Those interfaces are not assigned an IP address pcap files must be rotated per ~1G When 10 TB of files are stored, start truncating the oldest What I currently do Right now I use tcpdump like this: tcpdump -n -C 1000 -z /data/compress.sh -i any -w /data/livedump/capture.pcap $FILTER The $FILTER contains src/dst filters so that I can use -i any. The reason for this is, that I have two interfaces and I would like to run the dump in a single thread rather than two. compress.sh takes care of assigning tar to another CPU core, compress the data, give it a reasonable filename and move it to an archive location. I cannot specify two interfaces, thus I have chosen to use filters and dump from any interface. Right now, I do not do any housekeeping, but I plan on monitoring disk and when I have 100G left I will start wiping the oldest files - this should be fine. And now; my problem I see dropped packets. This is from a dump that has been running for a few hours and collected roughly 250 gigs of pcap files: 430083369 packets captured 430115470 packets received by filter 32057 packets dropped by kernel <-- This is my concern How can I avoid so many packets being dropped? These things I did already try or look at Changed the value of /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max and /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default which did indeed help - actually it took care of just around half of the dropped packets. I have also looked at gulp - the problem with gulp is, that it does not support multiple interfaces in one process and it gets angry if the interface does not have an IP address. Unfortunately, that is a deal breaker in my case. Next problem is, that when the traffic flows though a pipe, I cannot get the automatic rotation going. Getting one huge 10 TB file is not very efficient and I don't have a machine with 10TB+ RAM that I can run wireshark on, so that's out. Do you have any suggestions? Maybe even a better way of doing my traffic dump altogether.

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  • NAT via iptables and virtual interface

    - by Alex
    I'm trying to implement the following scenario: One VM-host, multiple guest VMs, each one gets its own IP-address (and domain). Our server has only one physical interface, so the intended use is to add virtual interfaces on eth0. To complicate our situation the provider uses port-security on their switches, so I can't run the guest interfaces in bridged mode, because then the switch detects a "spoofed" MAC-address and kills the interface (permanently, forcing me to call the support, which I'm sure will get them a little bit angry the third time ;) ). My first guess was to use iptables and NAT to forward all packages from one virtual interface to another one, but iptables doesn't seem to like virtual interfaces (at least I can't get it to work properly). So my second guess is to use the source IP of the packages to the public interface. Let's assume libvirt creates a virbr0-network with 192.168.100.0/24 and the guest uses 192.168.100.2 as IP-address. This is what I tried to use: iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING --src public_ip_on_eth0:0 -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.100.2:80 That doesn't give me the intended results either (accessing the server times out). Is there a way to do what I'm trying to do, or even to route all traffic to a certain IP on a virtual interface to the VM's device?

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  • Problem with Ubuntu 10.04 and ATI

    - by Maximilinao
    I'm having a problem installing the drivers from the video card. Just finished installing the driver, reboot my OS, and my monitor is starting off in energy saving mode and does not boot Ubuntu. What I can do? Sorry for my English. I used the Google translator.

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  • Explanation of command to uppercase the first letter of a file

    - by hazielquake
    Hi I'm trying to learn to rename files with the command line, and after browsing around a lot of pages I finally found a command that uppercases the first letter of a file, but the problem is that I want to understand the meaning of each command. The command is: for i in *; do new=echo "$i" | sed -e 's/^./\U&/'; mv "$i" "$new";done I understand the 'for' kinda... but not the 'echo' or '`' and especially the sed command. if someone has a little patience to explain the meaning of each thing that'd be awesome! Thanks!

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  • Linux : Ubuntu n'est plus la distribution la plus populaire d'après DistroWatch, la faute à Unity ? Montée fulgurante de Mint

    Linux : Ubuntu n'est plus la distribution la plus populaire d'après DistroWatch La faute à Unity ? Montée fulgurante pour Mint La distribution Linux Ubuntu perd du terrain selon le rapport annuel de DistroWatch mis à jour cette semaine. Sur les 12 derniers mois, c'est Mint Linux qui domine le tableau des distributions les plus populaires. Ubuntu y arrive deuxième, mais son déclin s'accélère au dernier mois pour se classer quatrième derrière Fedora,

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  • Why is my server using so much memory?

    - by Qasim
    I haven't even set up my website on my dedicated server so I'm the only one using it at the moment. And yet this is what I see in my sys info: Full Size I just got a bunch of security softwares installed today so I'm wondering if that could be the reason. Programs like Dos deflate, CSF firewall, Mod_security, SIM, Log watch, etc. My server's details: CentOS Processor Intel Xeon CPU X3220 CPU Speed 2.39 GHz Cache Size 4.00 MB RAM 2GB DDR2

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  • How to configure a static wildcard subdomain with dnsmasq.

    - by Prody
    I have a network behind a NAT with a few machines. The machines are: router - NAT, dnsmasq, forwarding - directly connected to the inet server - which runs ssh, www and some other stuff clients - which do stuff on server I also have mydomain.com. server.mydomain.com is pointing to my connection's IP (single IP), which is the router, which forwards ports to server. Server, has a httpd running, which serves different sites based on vhosts. So I have site1.server.mydomain.com, site2.. The problem is that all the traffic is going thru the router, and when I check logs I always see the router's IP for everything (so it's hard to see who is running the script with the while(1)). I would just ServerAlias site1.server.local, but most of the sites have a root URL saved somewhere on top of which other URLs are built, so I can't do that. The solution for me would be telling dnsmasq somehow to answer to *.mydomain.com with server's IP. Is this possible somehow?

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  • Basic connectivity issues between Win 7 and XP mixed wired/wireless network. [Solved]

    - by Pulse
    Setup: Windows 7 x64 Ultimate desktop hard wired to Asus WL500gp router (WL500gpv2-1.9.2.7-d-r1445 firmware) Several Bridged VirtualBox VM's running XP, 7, ubuntu server 10.04, Mint 9 and SuSE 11.2 Win XP Pro SP3 notebook with D-Link Airplus wireless network card. No firewall or other security software currently running on either platform (at least for the duration of the test) Situation: Router is acting DHCP server Clients are receiving correct addresses and additional parameters Internet connectivity is available from all clients Windows 7 sharing is set to Network type = work (not home group) NetBT is disabled on all clients using smb over TCP What I can do: I can ping the router and internet addresses from the wireless XP notebook I can ping the Win 7 desktop and any VM from the XP wireless notebook I can ping all devices from the router All VM's and 7 can ping each other and the router as well as Internet addresses What I can't do: I cannot ping the XP wireless notebook from either the Win 7 desktop or the VM's; it always returns a destination host unreachable error. Tracert resolves the name or the XP notebook but also returns a destination host unreachable. From the above it would seem that something is blocking connectivity in a single direction (from the Win 7 box to the Win XP notebook) only but the router can ping the XP notebook. Some fresh input would be most welcome, as this is beginning to drive me batty. Thanks

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  • How do I install yum on Redhat Enterprise 4?

    - by Bob Cross
    For historical reasons, one of the machines that I manage has a Redhat Enterprise 4 boot disk (among others). Every now and then, we have to boot into RHEL4 to bring up some of the legacy software that we support and connect to. Since it's a fringe system, the Redhat support has long since lapsed and I can't convince myself that it would be worth paying just to get RPMs that I can go and get for myself. That said, the default RHEL tools are heavily biased against letting you do exactly that. I would like to install yum and use that as my package discovery and installation. So, is there an installation guide to integrating yum with an older RHEL 4 system?

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  • What could cause a file system to spontaneously unmount or become invalid for a short time?

    - by Ichorus
    We've got DB2 LUW running on a RHEL box. We had a crash of DB2 and IBM came back and said that a file that DB2 was trying to access (through open64()) unmounted or became invalid. We have done nothing but restart the database and things seem to be running fine. Also, the file in question looks perfectly normal now: $ cd /db/log/TEAMS/tmsinst/NODE0000/TEAMS/T0000000/ $ ls -l total 557604 -rw------- 1 tmsinst tmsinst 570425344 Jan 14 10:24 C0000000.CAT $ file C0000000.CAT C0000000.CAT: data $ lsattr C0000000.CAT ------------- C0000000.CAT $ ls -l total 557604 -rw------- 1 tmsinst tmsinst 570425344 Jan 14 10:24 C0000000.CAT With those facts in hand (please correct me if I am mis-interpreting the data at hand) what could cause a file system to 'spontaneously unmount or become invalid for a short time'? What should my next step be? This is on Dell hardware and we ran their diagnostic tools against the hardware and it came back clean.

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  • How do I host multiple domains on Ubuntu Server (Hardy Heron)?

    - by markle976
    I am trying to figure out the best way to host multiple domains on my Ubuntu server. I have tried multiple options, but I can't get everything to work the way I want it to. I want to be able to add domains without having to restart Apache each time. I tried using mod_vhost_alias (see below), but that maps www.domain.com and domain.com to different folders. I also need to be able to use mod_rewite to map requests for domain.com/app/* to domain.com/somescript.php current httpd.conf: UseCanonicalName Off VirtualDocumentRoot /var/www/%0 Any thoughts?

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  • Timeout ssh sessions after inactivity?

    - by Insyte
    PCI requirement 8.5.15 states: "If a session has been idle for more than 15 minutes, require the user to re-enter the password to re-activate the terminal." The first, and most obvious, way to deal with ssh sessions that are idling at the bash prompt is by enforcing a read-only, global $TMOUT of 900. Unfortunately, that only covers sessions sitting at the bash prompt. The spirit of the PCI spec would also require killing sessions running top/vim/etc. I've considered writing a */1 cron job that parses the output of "/usr/bin/w" and kills the associated shell, but that seems like a blunt instrument. Any ideas for something that would actually do what the spec requires and just lock the terminal? I've looked at away and vlock; they both seem great for voluntarily locking your terminal, but I need a cron/daemon task that will enforce locking.

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