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• A good way to build a game loop in OpenGL

  - by Jeff

  I'm currently beginning to learn OpenGL at school, and I've started making a simple game the other day (on my own, not for school). I'm using freeglut, and am building it in C, so for my game loop I had really just been using a function I made passed to glutIdleFunc to update all the drawing and physics in one pass. This was fine for simple animations that I didn't care too much about the frame rate, but since the game is mostly physics based, I really want to (need to) tie down how fast it's updating. So my first attempt was to have my function I pass to glutIdleFunc (myIdle()) to keep track of how much time has passed since the previous call to it, and update the physics (and currently graphics) every so many milliseconds. I used timeGetTime() to do this (by using <windows.h>). And this got me to thinking, is using the idle function really a good way of going about the game loop? My question is, what is a better way to implement the game loop in OpenGL? Should I avoid using the idle function?

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• Basics of drawing in 2d with OpenGL 3 shaders

  - by davidism

  I am new to OpenGL 3 and graphics programming, and want to create some basic 2d graphics. I have the following scenario of how I might go about drawing a basic (but general) 2d rectangle. I'm not sure if this is the correct way to think about it, or, if it is, how to implement it. In my head, here's how I imagine doing it: t = make_rectangle(width, height) build general VBO, centered at 0, 0 optionally: t.set_scale(2) optionally: t.set_angle(30) t.draw_at(x, y) calculates some sort of scale/rotate/translate matrix (or matrices), passes the VBO and the matrix to a shader program Something happens to clip the world to the view visible on screen. I'm really unclear on how 4 and 5 will work. The main problem is that all the tutorials I find either: use fixed function pipeline, are for 3d, or are unclear how to do something this "simple". Can someone provide me with either a better way to think of / do this, or some concrete code detailing performing the transformations in a shader and constructing and passing the data required for this shader transformation?

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• Generating grammatically correct MUD-style attack descriptions

  - by Extrakun

  I am currently working on a text based game, where the outcome of a combat round goes something like this %attacker% inflicts a serious wound (12 points damage) on %defender% Right now, I just swap %attacker% with the name of the attacker, and %defender% for the name of the defender. However, the description works, but don't read correctly. Since the game is just all text, I don't want to resort to generic descriptions (Such as "You use Attack on Goblin for 5 damage", which arguably solve the problem) How do I generate correct descriptions for cases where %attacker% refers to "You", the player? "You inflicts..." is wrong "Bees", or other plural? I need somehow to know I should prefix the name with a "The " If %attacker% is a generic noun, such as "Goblin", it will read weird as opposed to %attacker% being a name. Compare "Goblin inflicts..." vs. "Aldraic Swordbringer inflicts...." How does text-based games usually resolve such issues?

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• Need material for character anatomy in a 2D game. Spartan Like, See Picture

  - by Edwin Soho

  I'm creating my art for an 2d based IOS game. I know some basic anatomy as you can see by the picture but I have no idea how I will make draw the pics for animation of the character walking, attacking with his sword and protecting himself with shield. Is there any anatomy reference for 2d game out there, book or anything else? for your information, I did try to find but all of stuff I found are very amateur and incomplete The picture was my attempt of creating a example of the character walking, which I'm not happy with please help, thanks Update: Since I am in a hurry I decided I would copy the anatomy from other 2d games, it is not that clean but at least I wanna be able to start it. The question is still open.

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• How can I gain access to a player instance in a Minecraft mod?

  - by Andrew Graber

  I'm creating Minecraft mod with a pickaxe that takes away experience when you break a block. The method for taking away experience from a player is addExperience on EntityPlayer, so I need to get an instance of EntityPlayer for the player using my pickaxe when the pickaxe breaks a block, so that I can remove the appropriate amount of experience. My pickaxe class currently looks like this: public class ExperiencePickaxe extends ItemPickaxe { public ExperiencePickaxe(int ItemID, EnumToolMaterial material){ super(ItemID, material); } public boolean onBlockDestroyed(ItemStack par1ItemStack, World par2World, int par3, int par4, int par5, int par6, EntityLiving par7EntityLiving) { if ((double)Block.blocksList[par3].getBlockHardness(par2World, par4, par5, par6) != 0.0D) { EntityPlayer e = new EntityPlayer(); // create an instance e.addExperience(-1); } return true; } } Obviously, I cannot actually create a new EntityPlayer since it is an abstract class. How can I get access to the player using my pickaxe?

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• XNA Skinned Model - Keyframe.Bone out of range exception

  - by idlackage

  I'm getting an IndexOutOfRangeException on this line of AnimationPlayer.cs: boneTransforms[keyframe.Bone] = keyframe.Transform; I don't get what it's really referring to. The error happens when keyframe.Bone is 14, but I have no idea what that's supposed to mean. The 14th bone of my model? What would that even be? I read this thread, but nothing there seemed to work. I don't have many bones, stray edges/verts, unassigned verts, unparented/non-root bones, or bones with dots in the name. What else can I be missing? Thank you for any help!

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• Dynamic libraries are not allowed on iOS but what about this?

  - by tapirath

  I'm currently using LuaJIT and its FFI interface to call C functions from LUA scripts. What FFI does is to look at dynamic libraries' exported symbols and let the developer use it directly form LUA. Kind of like Python ctypes. Obviously using dynamic libraries is not permitted in iOS for security reasons. So in order to come up with a solution I found the following snippet. /* (c) 2012 +++ Filip Stoklas, aka FipS, http://www.4FipS.com +++ THIS CODE IS FREE - LICENSED UNDER THE MIT LICENSE ARTICLE URL: http://forums.4fips.com/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=589 */ extern "C" { #include <lua.h> #include <lualib.h> #include <lauxlib.h> } // extern "C" #include <cassert> // Please note that despite the fact that we build this code as a regular // executable (exe), we still use __declspec(dllexport) to export // symbols. Without doing that FFI wouldn't be able to locate them! extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void __cdecl hello_from_lua(const char *msg) { printf("A message from LUA: %s\n", msg); } const char *lua_code = "local ffi = require('ffi') \n" "ffi.cdef[[ \n" "const char * hello_from_lua(const char *); \n" // matches the C prototype "]] \n" "ffi.C.hello_from_lua('Hello from LUA!') \n" // do actual C call ; int main() { lua_State *lua = luaL_newstate(); assert(lua); luaL_openlibs(lua); const int status = luaL_dostring(lua, lua_code); if(status) printf("Couldn't execute LUA code: %s\n", lua_tostring(lua, -1)); lua_close(lua); return 0; } // output: // A message from LUA: Hello from LUA! Basically, instead of using a dynamic library, the symbols are exported directly inside the executable file. The question is: is this permitted by Apple? Thanks.

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• Facebook Game database design

  - by facebook-100000781341887

  Hi, I'm currently develop a facebook mafia like PHP game(of course, a light weight version), here is a simplify database(MySQL) of the game id-a <int3> <for index> uid <chr15> <facebook uid> HP <int3> <health point> exp <int3> <experience> money <int3> <money> list_inventory <chr5> <the inventory user hold...some special here, talk next> ... and 20 other fields just like reputation, num of combat... *the number next to the type is the size(byte) of the type For the list_inventory, there have 40 inventorys in my game, (actually, I have 5 these kind of list in my database), and each user can only contain 1 qty of each inventory, therefore, I assign 5 char for this field and each bit of char as 1 item(5 char * 8 bit = 40 slot), and I will do some manipulation by PHP to extract the data from this 5 byte. OK, I was thinking on this, if this game contains 100,000 user, and only 10% are active, therefore, if use my method, for the space use, 5 byte * 100,000 = 500 KB if I use another method, create a table user_hold_inventory, if the user have the inventory, then insert a record into this table, so, for 10,000 active user, I assume they got all item, but for other, I assume they got no item, here is the fields of the new table id-b <int3> <for index> id-a <int3> <id of the user table> inv_no <int1> <inventory that user hold> for the space use, ([id] (3+3) byte + [inv_no] 1 byte ) * [active user] 10,000 * [all inventory] * 40 = 2.8 MB seems method 2 have use more space, but it consume less CPU power. Please comment these 2 method or please correct me if there have another better method rather than what I think. Another question is, my database contain 26 fields, but I counted 5 of them are not change frquently, should I need to separate it on the other table or not? So many words, thanks for reading :)

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• Particle System in XNA - cannot draw particle

  - by Dave Voyles

  I'm trying to implement a simple particle system in my XNA project. I'm going by RB Whitaker's tutorial, and it seems simple enough. I'm trying to draw particles within my menu screen. Below I've included the code which I think is applicable. I'm coming up with one error in my build, and it is stating that I need to create a new instance of the EmitterLocation from the particleEngine. When I hover over particleEngine.EmitterLocation = new Vector2(Mouse.GetState().X, Mouse.GetState().Y); it states that particleEngine is returning a null value. What could be causing this? /// <summary> /// Base class for screens that contain a menu of options. The user can /// move up and down to select an entry, or cancel to back out of the screen. /// </summary> abstract class MenuScreen : GameScreen ParticleEngine particleEngine; public void LoadContent(ContentManager content) { if (content == null) { content = new ContentManager(ScreenManager.Game.Services, "Content"); } base.LoadContent(); List<Texture2D> textures = new List<Texture2D>(); textures.Add(content.Load<Texture2D>(@"gfx/circle")); textures.Add(content.Load<Texture2D>(@"gfx/star")); textures.Add(content.Load<Texture2D>(@"gfx/diamond")); particleEngine = new ParticleEngine(textures, new Vector2(400, 240)); } public override void Update(GameTime gameTime, bool otherScreenHasFocus, bool coveredByOtherScreen) { base.Update(gameTime, otherScreenHasFocus, coveredByOtherScreen); // Update each nested MenuEntry object. for (int i = 0; i < menuEntries.Count; i++) { bool isSelected = IsActive && (i == selectedEntry); menuEntries[i].Update(this, isSelected, gameTime); } particleEngine.EmitterLocation = new Vector2(Mouse.GetState().X, Mouse.GetState().Y); particleEngine.Update(); } public override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { // make sure our entries are in the right place before we draw them UpdateMenuEntryLocations(); GraphicsDevice graphics = ScreenManager.GraphicsDevice; SpriteBatch spriteBatch = ScreenManager.SpriteBatch; SpriteFont font = ScreenManager.Font; spriteBatch.Begin(); // Draw stuff logic spriteBatch.End(); particleEngine.Draw(spriteBatch); }

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• Drawing lots of tiles with OpenGL, the modern way

  - by Nic

  I'm working on a small tile/sprite-based PC game with a team of people, and we're running into performance issues. The last time I used OpenGL was around 2004, so I've been teaching myself how to use the core profile, and I'm finding myself a little confused. I need to draw in the neighborhood of 250-750 48x48 tiles to the screen every frame, as well as maybe around 50 sprites. The tiles only change when a new level is loaded, and the sprites are changing all the time. Some of the tiles are made up of four 24x24 pieces, and most (but not all) of the sprites are the same size as the tiles. A lot of the tiles and sprites use alpha blending. Right now I'm doing all of this in immediate mode, which I know is a bad idea. All the same, when one of our team members tries to run it, he gets very bad frame rates (~20-30 fps), and it's much worse when there are more tiles, especially when a lot of those tiles are the kind that are cut into pieces. This all makes me think that the problem is the number of draw calls being made. I've thought of a few possible solutions to this, but I wanted to run them by some people who know what they're talking about so I don't waste my time on something stupid: TILES: When a level is loaded, draw all the tiles once into a frame buffer attached to a big honking texture, and just draw a big rectangle with that texture on it every frame. Put all the tiles into a static vertex buffer when the level is loaded, and draw them that way. I don't know if there's a way to draw objects with different textures with a single call to glDrawElements, or if this is even something I'd want to do. Maybe just put all the tiles into a big giant texture and use funny texture coordinates in the VBO? SPRITES: Draw each sprite with a separate call to glDrawElements. Use a dynamic VBO somehow. Same texture question as number 2 above. Point sprites? This is probably silly. Are any of these ideas sensible? Is there a good implementation somewhere I could look over?

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• Slick 2d scrolling off screen

  - by Peter

  I have something scrolling in and out of the screen. Now when it goes off screen, I want it to scroll into the screen at another location. What I do is I grab the last pixels at the screens edge using g.copyArea and then g.drawImage on the edge of the screen. And then I do a g.translate to create room for the next row which is next render cycle. My problem is that I get a single pixel row, which is not copied onto the canvas. Where as I want each row to be added and then translated, so that the image that scrolled off screen is recreated on the other side of the screen. Here is my code, maybe there is a better way of doing this, open to any suggests, cause I'm totally stuck @Override public void render(GameContainer gc, Graphics g) throws SlickException { //g.setClip(0, 0, 300, gc.getHeight()); g.translate(0, y); g.drawImage(image,0,200); g.resetTransform(); //g.clearClip(); g.copyArea(rightImage, 0, gc.getHeight() - 1); g.drawImage(rightImage, 300, 0); g.translate(0, y); y=y+3; }

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• SDL2 with OpenGL -- weird results, what's wrong?

  - by ber4444

  I'm porting an app to iOS, and therefore need to upgrade it to SDL2 from SDL1.2 (so far I'm testing it as an on OS X desktop app only). However, when running the code with SDL2, I'm getting weird results as shown on the second image below (the first image is how it looks with SDL, correctly). The single changeset that causes this is this one, do you see something obviously wrong there, or does SDL2 have some OpenGL nuances I'm unaware of? My SDL is based on changeset dd7e57847ea9 from HG (since then there is one "Allow specifying of OpenGL 3.2 Core Profile on Mac OS X" commit, not sure if that would help).

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• iOS persistant storage with update function

  - by jernej

  im developing a game which has different levels and i need to store all levels and its elements (position, image, sounds,..) into a file/database. The levels will be updated so i need a function that checks online for a update and downloads a database dump and additional files. I was planing to store all the persistent data into a SQLLite database, but not quite sure how to do the update part - to pack the database dump and the files together (in a .zip or with a xml). Can this be done any other way (as secure as possible)? thanks!

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• Sprite Animation in Android with OpenGL ES

  - by lijo john

  How to do a sprite animation in android using OpenGL ES? What i have done : Now I am able to draw a rectangle and apply my texture(Spritesheet) to it What I need to know : Now the rectangle shows the whole sprite sheet as a whole How to show a single action from sprite sheet at a time and make the animation It will be very help full if anyone can share any idea's , links to tutorials and suggestions. Advanced Thanks to All

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• Rotating multiple points at once in 2D

  - by Deukalion

  I currently have an editor that creates shapes out of (X, Y) coordinates and then triangulate that to make up a shape of those points. What will I have to do to rotate all of those points simultaneously? Say I click the screen in my editor, it locates the point where I've clicked and if I move the mouse up or down from that point it calculates rotation on X and Y axis depending on new position relevant to first position, say I move up 10 on the Y axis it rotates that way and the same way for X. Or simply, somehow to enter rotation degree: 90, 180, 270, 360, for example. I use VertexPositionColor at the moment. What are the best algorithms or methods that I can look at to rotate multiple points in 2D at once? Also: Since this is an editor I do now want to rotate it on the Matrix, so if I want to rotate the whole shape 180 degree that's the new "position" of all the points, so that's the new rotation = 0 for example. Later on I probably will use World Matrix rotation for this, but not now.

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• How to make my simple round sprite look right in XNA

  - by Joshua Perina

  Ok, I'm very new to graphics programming (but not new to coding). I'm trying to load a simple image in XNA which I can do fine. It is a simple round circle which I made in photoshop. The problem is the edges show up rough when I draw it on the screen even with the exact size. The anti-aliasing is missing. I'm sure I'm missing something very simple: GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Black); // TODO: Add your drawing code here spriteBatch.Begin(); spriteBatch.Draw(circle, new Rectangle(10, 10, 10, 10), Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); Couldn't post picture because I'm a first time poster. But my smooth png circle has rough edges. So I found that if I added: spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.FrontToBack, BlendState.NonPremultiplied); I can get a smooth image when the image is the same size as the original png. But if I want to scale that image up or down then the rough edges return. How do I get XNA to smoothly resize my simple round image to a smaller size without getting the rough edges?

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• High CPU usage on Pong clone

  - by max

  I just made my first game, a clone of Pong, using OpenGL and C++. But its using ~50% of the CPU, which I guess is very high for a game like this. How can I improve that? Can you please look up my code and tell me what all things I am doing wrong? Any feedback is welcome. http://pastebin.com/L5zE3axh Also it would be extremely helpful if you give some general points on how to develop games in OpenGL efficiently.. Thanks in advance!

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• How is constant buffer allocation handled in DX11?

  - by Marek

  I'm starting with DX11 and I'm not sure if I'm doing the things right. I want to have both pixel and vertex shader program in one file. Both use some shared and some different constant buffers. So it looks like this: Shader.fx cbuffer ForVS : register(b0) { float4x4 wvp; }; cbuffer ForVSandPS : register(b1) { float4 stuff; float4 stuff2; }; cbuffer ForVS2 : register(b2) { float4 stuff; float4 stuff2; }; cbuffer ForPS : register(b3) { float4 stuff; float4 stuff2; }; .... And in code I use mContext->VSSetConstantBuffers( 0, 1, bufferVS); mContext->VSSetConstantBuffers( 1, 1, bufferVS_PS); mContext->VSSetConstantBuffers( 2, 1, bufferVS2); mContext->PSSetConstantBuffers( 1, 1, bufferVS_PS); mContext->PSSetConstantBuffers( 3, 1, bufferPS); The numbering of buffers in PS is what bugs me, is it alright to bind random slots to shaders (in this example 1 and 3)? Does that mean it still uses just two buffers or does it initialize 0 and 2 buffer pointers to empty? Thank you.

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• Orthographic Projection with variable FOV

  - by cubrman

  We are building agame with orthographic view. The problem we face is the fact that with different resolution you can see different area of the game world. E.g. if you have higher resolution you can see more around you. To solve this we currently use a common scale factor that every model is scaled by, depending on resolution. But this has drawbacks when drawing shadows - I cannot set a higher view angle for the orthographic shadow camera, while when using the perspective shadow camera I get significantly worse shadow quality. So the question is is there any way to controll FOV when using orthographic projection, or, more specifically, what is the easiest way to scale the world uniformly up or down with orthographic projection matrix? I saw that in 3ds MAX you can control FOV for an orthographic camera I wonder how they implemented it.

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• Physics-based dynamic audio generation in games

  - by alexc

  I wonder if it is possible to generate audio dynamically without any (!) audio assets, using pure mathematics/physics and some input values like material properties and spatial distribution of content in scene space. What I have in mind is something like a scene, with concrete floor, wooden table and glass on it. Now let's assume force pushes the glass towards the edge of table and then the glass falls onto the floor and shatters. The near-realistic glass destruction itself would be possible using voxels and good physics engine, but what about the sound the glass makes while shattering? I believe there is a way to generate that sound, because physics of sound is fairly known these days, but how computationaly costy that would be? Consumer hardware or supercomputers? Do any of you know some good resources/videos of such an experiment?

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• Floodfill algorithm for GO

  - by user1048606

  The floodfill algorithm is used in the bucket tool in MS paint and photoshop, but it can also be used for GO and minesweeper. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_fill In go you can capture groups of stones, this website portrays it with two stones. http://www.connectedglobe.com/mindy/cap6.html This is my floodfill method in Java, it is not capturing a group of stones and I have no idea why because to me it makes sense. public void floodfill(int turn, int col, int row){ for(int a = col; a<19; a++){ for(int b = row; b<19; b++){ if(turn == black){ if(stones[col][row] == white){ stones[col][row] = 0; floodfill(black, col-1, row); floodfill(black, col+1, row); floodfill(black, col, row-1); floodfill(black, col, row+1); } } } } } It searches up, down, left, right for all the stones on the board. If the stones are white it captures them by making them 0, which represents empty.

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• Move a 2D square on y axis on android GLES2

  - by Dan

  I am trying to create a simple game for android, to start i am trying to make the square move down the y axis but the way i am doing it dosent move the square at all and i cant find any tutorials for GLES20 The on draw frame function in the render class updates the users position based on accleration dew to gravity, gets the transform matrix from the user class which is used to move the square down, then the program draws it. All that happens is that the square is drawn, no motion happens public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) { user.update(0.0, phy.AccelerationDewToGravity); GLES20.glClear(GLES20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GLES20.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); // Re draws black background GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(maPositionHandle, 3, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, 12, user.SquareVB);//triangleVB); GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(maPositionHandle); GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(maPositionHandle, 1, false, user.getTransformMatrix(), 0); GLES20.glDrawArrays(GLES20.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4); } The update function in the player class is public void update(double vh, double vv) { Vh += vh; // Increase horrzontal Velosity Vv += vv; // Increase vertical velosity //Matrix.translateM(mMMatrix, 0, (int)Vh, (int)Vv, 0); Matrix.translateM(mMMatrix, 0, mMMatrix, 0, (float)Vh, (float)Vv, 0); }

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• Actor and Sprite, who should own these properties?

  - by Gerardo Marset

  I'm writing sort of a 2D game engine for making the process of creating games easier. It has two classes, Actor and Sprite. Actor is used for interactive elements (the player, enemies, bullets, a menu, an invisible instance that controls score, etc) and Sprite is used for animated (or not) images with transparency (or not). The actor may have an assigned sprite that represents it on the screen, which may change during the game. E.g. in a top-down action game you may have an actor with a sprite of a little guy that changes when attacking, walking, and facing different directions, etc. Currently the actor has x and y properties (its coordinates in the screen), while the sprite has an index property (the number of the frame currently being shown by the sprite). Since the sprite doesn't know which actor it belongs to (or if it belongs to an actor at all), the actor must pass its x and y coordinates when drawing the sprite. Also, since a actors may reset its sprite each frame (and usually do), the sprite's index property must be passed from the old to the new sprite like so (pseudocode): function change_sprite(new_sprite) old_index = my.sprite.index my.sprite = new_sprite() my.sprite.index = old_index % my.sprite.frames end I always thought this was kind of cumbersome, but it never was a big problem. Now I decided to add support for more properties. Namely a property to draw the sprite rotated, a property to draw it flipped, it a property draw it stretched, etc. These should probably belong to the sprite and not the actor, but if they do, the actor would have to pass them from the old to the new sprite each time it changes... On the other hand, if they belonged to the actor, the actor would have to pass each property to the sprite when drawing it (since the sprite doesn't know which actor it belongs to, and it shouldn't, since sprites aren't just meant to be used by actors, really). Another option I thought of would be having an extra class that owns all these properties (plus index, x and y) and links an actor with a sprite, but that doesn't come without drawbacks. So, what should I do with all these properties? Thanks!

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• How can I deal with actor translations and other "noise" in third-party motion capture data?

  - by Charles

  I'm working on a game, and I've run into a problem with motion capture data. My team is using 3DS Max 2011 and trying to put free motion capture files on our models. The problem we're having is it has become extremely hard to find motion capture data that stays in place. We've found some great motion captures of things like walking and jumping but the actors themselves move within the data, so when we attach these animations to our models and bring them into XNA, the models walk forward even when they should technically be standing still (and then there's also the problem of them resetting at the end of the animation). How can we clean up, at runtime or asset-processing time, the animation in these motion capture files?

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• How should I interpret these DirectX Caps Viewer values?

  - by tobi

  Briefly asking - what do the nodes mean and what the difference is between them in DirectX Caps Viewer? DXGI Devices Direct3D9 Devices DirectDraw Devices The most interesting for me is 1 vs 2. In the Direct3D9 Devices under HAL node I can see that my GeForce 8800GT supports PixelShaderVersion 3.0. However, under DXGI Devices I have DX 10, DX 10.1 and DX 11 having Shader model 4.0 (actually why DX 11? My card is not compatible with DX 11). I am implementing a DX 11 application (including d3d11.h) with shaders compiled in 4.0 version, so I can clearly see that 4.0 is supported. What is the difference between 1 and 2? Could you give me some theory behind the nodes?

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