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• run or send a command to a tmux pane in a running tmux session

  - by cjroebuck

  I want to write a shell script which will attach to a named tmux session, select a window (or pane) in that session and run a command in that selected window (or pane). How do I do this from a bash script? I know tmux new-window -n:mywindow 'exec something' allows you to send commands to a freshly created window. But I need something like tmux select-window -t:0 'my command' I suppose I could use send-keys but seems like their should be something that takes a command or list of commands that get run.

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• Is it Secure to Grant Apachie User Ownership of Directories & Files for Wordpress

  - by Oudin

  I'm currently setting up WordPress on an Ubuntu server 12 everything runs fine but there is an issue when it comes to automatically updating and uploading media via WP as Apache "www-data" user does not have permissions to write to the directories. "user1" has full permission All my directories have permissions of 0755 and files 644 my directories setup is as follows: /home/user1/public_html All WP files and directories are in "public_html" In order to work around the auto updating and uploading media I've granted Apache user ownership to the following directories sudo chown www-data:www-data wp-content -R sudo chown www-data:www-data wp-includes -R sudo chown www-data:www-data wp-admin -R I would like to know security wise how secure this is and if it is not secure what would be the best solution? That will allow me to keep all files and directories owned by user1 and still allow wp to be able to automatically update and uploading media

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• Apache error "No address associated with hostname" on Arch Linux (ZMLarch)

  - by Eedoh

  I'm trying to set up video surveillance system using IP cameras and ZoneAlarm on Arch Linux. I set up fixed IP address, I've managed to get streams from cameras, etc. However, after restart of the machine, I cannot start Apache again. I checked configuration of rc.conf, and saw that static IP configuration has been deleted, and also secondary nameserver in resolv.conf. Tried to re-write these with correct parameters, but now with no effect. This is tail of my /var/log/httpd/error_log file, after /etc/rc.d/httpd restart attempt [Fri Jan 29 04:20:45 2010] [alert] (EAI 5) No address associated with hostname: mod_unique_id: unable to find IPv4 address of "zmhost" Configuration failed Anybody have an idea on how could I fix this?

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• Testing home directory scripts by setting $HOME to the location of the test directory

  - by intuited

  I have an interdependent collection of scripts in my ~/bin directory as well as a developed ~/.vim directory and some other libraries and such in other subdirectories. I've been versioning all of this using git, and have realized that it would be potentially very easy and useful to do development and testing of new and existing scripts, vim plugins, etc. using a cloned repo, and then pull the working code into my actual home directory with a merge. The easiest way to do this would seem to be to just change & export $HOME, eg cd ~/testing; git clone ~ home export HOME=~/testing/home cd ~ screen -S testing-home # start vim, write/revise plugins, edit scripts, etc. # test revisions However since I've never tried this before I'm concerned that some programs, environment variables, etc., may end up using my actual home directory instead of the exported one. Is this a viable strategy? Are there just a few outliers that I should be careful about? Is there a much better way to do this sort of thing?

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• Venezuela's Highly Inflationary Economy Means Changes to Financial Statements

  - by Theresa Hickman

  This is a bit of an esoteric topic, but given the number of U.S. Companies (particularly oil companies) that operate and have subsidiaries in Venezuela, I think it is worthy of an honorable mention. As you may or may not know, Venezuela's currency has had some changes over the years. In 2008, the Venezuelan Bolivar became the Bolivar Fuerte which dropped three zeros. So Bs.10,000 became Bs.F.10 and all their bills and coins were changed to reflect this. Then on Jan. 8, 2010, the government devalued the currency by 100%. The conversion from VEF to USD dropped from 2.15 to 4.30. (I always wanted to visit Venezuela; I guess it's time to book my vacation). The SEC recently labeled Venezuela a highly inflationary economy. This means that US companies with investments/subsidiaries in Venezuela will need to apply highly inflationary accounting rules starting on Jan. 1, 2010. In addition, companies need to make more detailed disclosures when the Venezuelan reported balances differ from the actual US dollar denominated balances. In a nut shell, if you formerly used translation, then starting Jan 1 of this year, you must now use remeasurement (or temporal method) to restate your Venezuelan entity's financial statements. See ASC topic 830, Foreign Currency Matters, which states that "[t]he financial statements of a foreign entity in a highly inflationary economy shall be remeasured as if the functional currency were the reporting currency." For you non-accountants that I haven't bored and are still reading at this point, the reason why the SEC is doing this is to ensure financial statements are presented as accurately as possible. Hyperinflationary economies have volatile currencies, such as Venezuela (it's not every day a currency devalues 100% overnight) which can distort financial statements if the local currency (Venezuelan Bolivar Fuerte) is used as the functional currency. To make financial statements more accurate, the reporting currency of the U.S. parent (US dollars) should be used as the functional currency. FASB.orgactually has a nice write-up on this.

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• Read-only filesystem Recovery Mode not working

  - by purbleguy

  I have seen other posts of this before, but they didn't help. In short, today I was trying to play Colobot on my Ubuntu Trusty computer, when I tried to access the directory the game was in by terminal, bash warned me that the disk was in a read-only state. I'm like, ok... So I reboot and go into recovery mode, there I do fsck, it finds errors, but apparently fails to fix them. At that point I was getting annoyed and searched the internet, once I found an answer I ran the grub and dpkg options in recovery mode, recovery mode said it was read/write, but when I boot in, I get the same thing, read-only. So I reboot into recovery mode, and tada! It's read-only again. I can't think of anything else to do, as the other people who had the same problems had them fixed by the steps I did. I got all my important files backed up to both a seperate partition and a seperate computer, so no worries there. I just need help getting this to work, as my computer might as well be a brick if I cant do f/a on it

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• Monitor RAM usage on CentOS and restart Apache at a certain usage

  - by Chris

  Hi, I'm running a CentOS 5.3 server with a basic LAMP stack. I've optimized LAMP and my code to run efficiently as possible, but Apache has a memory leak somewhere that kills my server every hour or so. What is the best way to write a script that will monitor the memory usage and if it peaks over, say, 450MB kill all the Apache processes and restart Apache. I know C++/PHP and basic Linux server administration but I'm not familiar with Perl or bash scripting. I'd be open to learn any solutions, though, as a temporary solution while I find the issue.

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• Complex knowledge management system with CRM..written internally

  - by JonH

  We've all heard of salesforce and sugarcrm and the likes of systems like this. Unfortunately at my workplace we have been asked to write a similiar system (rather then license or purchase). Basically the database is fairly large. Think of modules such as: Corporate groups, customers, programs, projects, sub projects, and issue management. In simple terms a corporate group has one to many customers. A program has one or more projects. A project has one or more sub projects. And an issue can be created on many sub projects. Of course the system is a bit more complex but instead of listing every single module I think its best to keep it simple. In any event, the system in its current state has only two resources to be working on it (basically we have to do it all: CSS, database, jquery, asp.net and C#). We've started off well by defining the UI master and footer pages that way we can reuse those across all of our pages. Now comes the hard part. The system will have about 4k end users with say 5-10% being concurrent users. We are wondering if it makes sense to cache our database data (For say 5-10 minutes) rather then continously hit our database. The reason being is some of these pages may have 5-10 search filters associated with the page. Imagine every time a selection is made from a search box how many database hits. Also some of these search fields cascade so selecting for instance an initial drop down may cascade several drop down boxes under them. Is it wrong to cache because I am not finding too many articles on whether it is a good idea or not. Remember the system is similiar to say a CRM system where we manage our various customers, projects, sub projects, issues, etc.

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• Proper Use Of HTML Data Attributes

  - by VirtuosiMedia

  I'm writing several JavaScript plugins that are run automatically when the proper HTML markup is detected on the page. For example, when a tabs class is detected, the tabs plugin is loaded dynamically and it automatically applies the tab functionality. Any customization options for the JavaScript plugin are set via HTML5 data attributes, very similar to what Twitter's Bootstrap Framework does. The appeal to the above system is that, once you have it working, you don't have worry about manually instantiating plugins, you just write your HTML markup. This is especially nice if people who don't know JavaScript well (or at all) want to make use of your plugins, which is one of my goals. This setup has been working very well, but for some plugins, I'm finding that I need a more robust set of options. My choices seem to be having an element with many data-attributes or allowing for a single data-options attribute with a JSON options object as a value. Having a lot of attributes seems clunky and repetitive, but going the JSON route makes it slightly more complicated for novices and I'd like to avoid full-blown JavaScript in the attributes if I can. I'm not entirely sure which way is best. Is there a third option that I'm not considering? Are there any recommended best practices for this particular use case?

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• How to use NTFS-3G installed using MacPort?

  - by Raiyan Kabir

  After upgrading to Lion I'm having problem mounting NTFS drives in read/write mode. This is because NTFS-3G distributed by http://www.tuxera.com does not work with Lion. As far their suggestion I installed NTFS-3G using MacPort. But as far as I can see it does not come with the usual preference pane. Its not enabled by default. Do anyone know how to enable it? Or how to have the Preference Pane for the NTFS-3G from MacPorts.

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• Customizing post-commit messages in svn for different users

  - by Suresh

  I have an svn repository that users can access (read/write) using their account OR via tunneling over ssh with svnserve. I also have a post-commit hook that sends mails to specific users for different projects via svnnotify: the typical command is svnnotify <params> --to-regex-map <list of email IDs> <regex> For users who have accounts on the system, the notification email is sent from @machine.domain, which is fine. For users coming in via tunnelling, the email gets sent from @machine.domain, which is a fake address since these users don't have an account - the only reason I specify a tunnel-user id is to keep track of who made which update. So my question (finally) is: is there a way to pass a parameter (the "true" email address) to svnserve so that when the post-commit mail is sent, it can be sent "from" the correct email address ? p.s this is my first post here - if I haven't provided sufficient information, apologies: I'm happy to provide more details.

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• Connecting to Exchange Server 2003 over POP using openssl s_client

  - by Andreas Jansson

  Hi, I'm trying to fetch emails programmatically from Exchange 2003 over POP. As a proof of concept I'm trying to connect using openssl s_client. I've started the POP service on my Exchange server. Trying to connect using openssl s_client -connect MYEXCHANGESERVER:995 returns 20303:error:140790E5:SSL routines:SSL23_WRITE:ssl handshake failure:s23_lib.c:188: Trying openssl s_client -connect MYEXCHANGESERVER:995 -starttls pop3 returns CONNECTED(00000003) write:errno=32 Forgive a newb - I'm basically shooting wildly in the dark with no idea on what I'm supposed to be doing. In the past I've read my GMail over openssl s_client, and setting up those certificates was easy and well documented. I would imagine I need to set up some sort of certificate here as well, and I've looked a bit at using a .pfx file. But like I said, I'm completely lost here. Thankful for any advice, Andreas

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• Due to the Classes

  - by Ratman21

  Why does it seem that I am always saying sorry (or in Japanese Gomennasi)?  Well I am late again for blog as you can see. The CCNA class’s part 1 (also known as CCENT) was, well more intense than all of the certification classes before it.   The teacher was cramming as much as he could into us during the week and it was hard to come home and do much more than fall into bed (Well I was doing still doing my Job search and checking up on my web sites and groups).   But I didn’t have much left in the way of blogging (Which by the way is now in 3 different sites). Even though it was hard some times, I really liked the fact I was getting back to something like (and mean really like, in fact I like Cisco routers than some people I know). At the class, I got some software that allows me to simulate setting up and troubles shoot Lan’s or Wan’s.   When we weren’t getting facts for the test thrown at us, we were doing labs with this software. It was fun for me to be able to use the CISCO router commands and trouble shoot router issues. Even if it was just a sim. So now it is study, study, take practices tests and do the labs. I took the week end and more off after cram CCENT week but, now I am back at it.  Also I could not keep up with my Love Dare book during week of the class. No I did not stop or forget what I already learned. I just put the next dare on hold. Well the hold is off starting tomorrow and tonight I think I am going to write a new cover letter. Let’s see what else I can get done tonight. Hmm I think I will try to do a sim of my home wireless LAN and study for CCENT test in about 3 weeks.   So see you tomorrow (I hope).

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• Seattle GiveCamp this Weekend

  - by Stephen.Walther

  Seattle GiveCamp is this weekend (October 19, 2012) on the Microsoft Campus. Donate your time and your programming skills to build software applications (mainly websites) for charities. We need you! Go to the following address and sign up to participate right now: http://seattlegivecamp.com/ We have more than 20 charities participating in this year’s GiveCamp and over 100 volunteers. We need people with all sorts of skills including WordPress, design, ASP.NET, SEO, Mobile, and Project Management skills. If you know how to tweak a WordPress theme or you know how to use Adobe Photoshop or you know Salesforce or Microsoft Access then we really, really need you this weekend. This is a great event to network with other developers, show off your ninja programming skills, and help some great charities. Be prepared to show up at Friday night and start working in a team to write some great code. You can stay until Sunday night for the full event or you can leave early (in previous events, some developers did marathon coding sessions for multiple days straight – but those guys are insane). My wife, Ruth Walther, is the director of this year’s GiveCamp. She’ll be there and I’ll be there. I hope to see you at GiveCamp!

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• Demantra USA Based Companies and SOX Compliance

  - by user702295

  A USA based company is assessing Demantra Trade Promotion Management (TPM) capability.  It appears that SOX is necessary in their case due to the nature of what TPM does and the necessity for auditability.  Do we have any detail on SOX compliance for Demantra? Answser ------- SOX compliance with regards to IT: 1.  Requires auditing of data changes done by who, what, when     a. Audit trail profiles can be set up for key financial series and view them in audit trail reports     b. One functionality we do not have which typically is asked for is user login history. We have only        active sessions, history is not available. 2.  Segregation of duties     a. With respect to TPM, you could have deduction and financial analyst for settlement be different        from promotion creator, promotion approver or sales team.     b. Budget Approver for funds can be different from funds consumer.     c. Promotion creator can be different than promotion approver     d. For a US customer you may have to write some custom scripts to capture promotion status change        and produce an external report as part of compliance. One additional requirement is transparency of forward commitments entered into with retailers / distributors for trade spending, promotions.  Outside of Demantra - Consumer Goods Trade Funds Analytics.

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• Mission critical embedded language

  - by Moe

  Maybe the question sounds a bit strange, so i'll explain a the background a little bit. Currently i'm working on a project at y university, which will be a complete on-board software for an satellite. The system is programmed in c++ on top of a real-time operating system. However, some subsystems like the attitude control system and the fault detection and a space simulation are currently only implemented in Matlab/Simulink, to prototype the algorithms efficiently. After their verification, they will be translated into c++. The complete on-board software grew very complex, and only a handful people know the whole system. Furthermore, many of the students haven't program in c++ yet and the manual memory management of c++ makes it even more difficult to write mission critical software. Of course the main system has to be implemented in c++, but i asked myself if it's maybe possible to use an embedded language to implement the subsystem which are currently written in Matlab. This embedded language should feature: static/strong typing and compiler checks to minimize runtime errors small memory usage, and relative fast runtime attitude control algorithms are mainly numerical computations, so a good numeric support would be nice maybe some sort of functional programming feature, matlab/simulink encourage you to use it too I googled a bit, but only found Lua. It looks nice, but i would not use it in mission critical software. Have you ever encountered a situation like this, or do you know any language, which could satisfies the conditions? EDIT: To clarify some things: embedded means it should be able to embed the language into the existing c++ environment. So no compiled languages like Ada or Haskell ;)

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• I can't run uwsgi as normal user

  - by atomAltera

  I want to run uwsgi server as www user, but if I write: uwsgi --socket $SOCKET --chmod-socket 666 --pidfile $PIDFILE --daemonize $LOGFILE --chdir $CHDIR --pp $PYTHONPATH --module main --post-buffering 8192 --workers 1 --threads 10 --uid www --gid www A socket creation error occurs: Log: 1 *** Starting uWSGI 1.4.1 (64bit) on [Mon Dec 10 22:15:23 2012] *** 2 compiled with version: 4.4.5 on 17 November 2012 23:31:14 3 os: Linux-2.6.32-5-amd64 #1 SMP Sun Sep 23 10:07:46 UTC 2012 4 nodename: autoblog 5 machine: x86_64 6 clock source: unix 7 pcre jit disabled 8 detected number of CPU cores: 2 9 current working directory: / 10 writing pidfile to /tmp/uwsgi_mysite.pid 11 detected binary path: /usr/local/bin/uwsgi 12 setgid() to 1002 13 set additional group 1004 (files) 14 setuid() to 1002 15 *** WARNING: you are running uWSGI without its master process manager *** 16 your memory page size is 4096 bytes 17 detected max file descriptor number: 1024 18 lock engine: pthread robust mutexes 19 unlink(): Operation not permitted [core/socket.c line 109] 20 bind(): Address already in use [core/socket.c line 141]

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• Centos 6.3 vsftp unable to upload file to apache webserver

  - by user148648

  I am new to Centos, I did work with Sun Solaris and upload files to Apache web server before. I create an end user account and manage to ftp using command prompt to the server, error message is '226 Transfer Done (but failed to open directory). Content of my vsftpd.conf as below # Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf # # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable. # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults. # # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options. # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's # capabilities. # # Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out). anonymous_enable=YES # ** may need to comment it back # # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. local_enable=YES # # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command. write_enable=YES # # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022, # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's) #local_umask=022 local_umask=077 # # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user. anon_upload_enable=YES # *** maybe to comment it back!!! # # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create # new directories. anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES # ** may need to comment it back!!! # # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they # go into a certain directory. dirmessage_enable=YES # # The target log file can be vsftpd_log_file or xferlog_file. # This depends on setting xferlog_std_format parameter xferlog_enable=YES # # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data). connect_from_port_20=YES # # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not # recommended! #chown_uploads=YES #chown_username=whoever # # The name of log file when xferlog_enable=YES and xferlog_std_format=YES # WARNING - changing this filename affects /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd.log xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog # # Switches between logging into vsftpd_log_file and xferlog_file files. # NO writes to vsftpd_log_file, YES to xferlog_file xferlog_std_format=YES # # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session. #idle_session_timeout=600 # # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection. #data_connection_timeout=120 # # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user. #nopriv_user=ftpsecure # # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it, # however, may confuse older FTP clients. #async_abor_enable=YES # # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII # mangling on files when in ASCII mode. # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the # raw file. # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol. ascii_upload_enable=YES ascii_download_enable=YES # # You may fully customise the login banner string: ftpd_banner=Warning, only for authorize login. # # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks. #deny_email_enable=YES # (default follows) #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails # # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of # users to NOT chroot(). chroot_local_user=YES chroot_list_enable=YES # (default follows) #chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list local_root=/var/www # # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it. ls_recurse_enable=YES # # When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and # listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction # with the listen_ipv6 directive. listen=YES # # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6 # sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration files. # Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !! #listen_ipv6=YES pam_service_name=vsftpd userlist_enable=YES tcp_wrappers=YES

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• Cross-Platform Mobile Development With Mono for Android and MonoTouch

  - by Wallym

  Many years ago, in fact pre-Java, I remember a hallway discussion about the desire to write a single application that could easily run across various platforms. At the time, we were only worried about writing applications on Windows 3.1 and Mac OS 7.x. There were many discussions about windows, user interface concepts, and specifically a rather long discussion as to whether Mac users would accept a Mac application that didn't have balloon help. Thankfully, the marketplace answered this question for us with the Windows API winning the battle.A similar set of questions is currently going on in the mobile world. Unfortunately, at this point in time, there is currently no winning API and none currently in sight. What's a developer to do? Here are some questions that developers have (and there are many more):How can mobile developers target Android and the iPhone with the same code?How can .NET developers share their code across Android, iPhone and other platforms?How can developers give applications the look and feel of the specific platform and still allow as much code as possible to be shared?Mobile devices share many common features, such as cameras, accelerometers, and address books. How can we take advantage of them in a platform independent way and still give the users the look of every other application running on their platform?In this article, we'll look at some solutions to these cross-platform and code-sharing questions between Mono for Android, MonoTouch and the .NET Framework available to developers. 

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• Oracle Solaris 11 ZFS Lab for Openworld 2012

  - by user12626122

  Preface This is the content from the Oracle Openworld 2012 ZFS lab. It was well attended - the feedback was that it was a little short - thats probably because in writing it I bacame very time-concious after the ASM/ACFS on Solaris extravaganza I ran last year which was almost too long for mortal man to finish in the 1 hour session. Enjoy. Table of Contents Exercise Z.1: ZFS Pools Exercise Z.2: ZFS File Systems Exercise Z.3: ZFS Compression Exercise Z.4: ZFS Deduplication Exercise Z.5: ZFS Encryption Exercise Z.6: Solaris 11 Shadow Migration Introduction This set of exercises is designed to briefly demonstrate new features in Solaris 11 ZFS file system: Deduplication, Encryption and Shadow Migration. Also included is the creation of zpools and zfs file systems - the basic building blocks of the technology, and also Compression which is the compliment of Deduplication. The exercises are just introductions - you are referred to the ZFS Adminstration Manual for further information. From Solaris 11 onward the online manual pages consist of zpool(1M) and zfs(1M) with further feature-specific information in zfs_allow(1M), zfs_encrypt(1M) and zfs_share(1M). The lab is easily carried out in a VirtualBox running Solaris 11 with 6 virtual 3 Gb disks to play with. Exercise Z.1: ZFS Pools Task: You have several disks to use for your new file system. Create a new zpool and a file system within it. Lab: You will check the status of existing zpools, create your own pool and expand it. Your Solaris 11 installation already has a root ZFS pool. It contains the root file system. Check this: root@solaris:~# zpool list NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE CAP DEDUP HEALTH ALTROOT rpool 15.9G 6.62G 9.25G 41% 1.00x ONLINE - root@solaris:~# zpool status pool: rpool state: ONLINE scan: none requested config: NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM rpool ONLINE 0 0 0 c3t0d0s0 ONLINE 0 0 0 errors: No known data errors Note the disk device the root pool is on - c3t0d0s0 Now you will create your own ZFS pool. First you will check what disks are available: root@solaris:~# echo | format Searching for disks...done AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS: 0. c3t0d0 <ATA-VBOX HARDDISK-1.0 cyl 2085 alt 2 hd 255 sec 63> /pci@0,0/pci8086,2829@d/disk@0,0 1. c3t2d0 <ATA-VBOX HARDDISK-1.0 cyl 1534 alt 2 hd 128 sec 32> /pci@0,0/pci8086,2829@d/disk@2,0 2. c3t3d0 <ATA-VBOX HARDDISK-1.0 cyl 1534 alt 2 hd 128 sec 32> /pci@0,0/pci8086,2829@d/disk@3,0 3. c3t4d0 <ATA-VBOX HARDDISK-1.0 cyl 1534 alt 2 hd 128 sec 32> /pci@0,0/pci8086,2829@d/disk@4,0 4. c3t5d0 <ATA-VBOX HARDDISK-1.0 cyl 1534 alt 2 hd 128 sec 32> /pci@0,0/pci8086,2829@d/disk@5,0 5. c3t6d0 <ATA-VBOX HARDDISK-1.0 cyl 1534 alt 2 hd 128 sec 32> /pci@0,0/pci8086,2829@d/disk@6,0 6. c3t7d0 <ATA-VBOX HARDDISK-1.0 cyl 1534 alt 2 hd 128 sec 32> /pci@0,0/pci8086,2829@d/disk@7,0 Specify disk (enter its number): Specify disk (enter its number): The root disk is numbered 0. The others are free for use. Try creating a simple pool and observe the error message: root@solaris:~# zpool create mypool c3t2d0 c3t3d0 'mypool' successfully created, but with no redundancy; failure of one device will cause loss of the pool So destroy that pool and create a mirrored pool instead: root@solaris:~# zpool destroy mypool root@solaris:~# zpool create mypool mirror c3t2d0 c3t3d0 root@solaris:~# zpool status mypool pool: mypool state: ONLINE scan: none requested config: NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM mypool ONLINE 0 0 0 mirror-0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c3t2d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c3t3d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 errors: No known data errors Back to topExercise Z.2: ZFS File Systems Task: You have to create file systems for later exercises. You can see that when a pool is created, a file system of the same name is created: root@solaris:~# zfs list NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT mypool 86.5K 2.94G 31K /mypool Create your filesystems and mountpoints as follows: root@solaris:~# zfs create -o mountpoint=/data1 mypool/mydata1 The -o option sets the mount point and automatically creates the necessary directory. root@solaris:~# zfs list mypool/mydata1 NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT mypool/mydata1 31K 2.94G 31K /data1 Back to top Exercise Z.3: ZFS Compression Task:Try out different forms of compression available in ZFS Lab:Create 2nd filesystem with compression, fill both file systems with the same data, observe results You can see from the zfs(1) manual page that there are several types of compression available to you, set with the property=value syntax: compression=on | off | lzjb | gzip | gzip-N | zle Controls the compression algorithm used for this dataset. The lzjb compression algorithm is optimized for performance while providing decent data compression. Setting compression to on uses the lzjb compression algorithm. The gzip compression algorithm uses the same compression as the gzip(1) command. You can specify the gzip level by using the value gzip-N where N is an integer from 1 (fastest) to 9 (best compression ratio). Currently, gzip is equivalent to gzip-6 (which is also the default for gzip(1)). Create a second filesystem with compression turned on. Note how you set and get your values separately: root@solaris:~# zfs create -o mountpoint=/data2 mypool/mydata2 root@solaris:~# zfs set compression=gzip-9 mypool/mydata2 root@solaris:~# zfs get compression mypool/mydata1 NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE mypool/mydata1 compression off default root@solaris:~# zfs get compression mypool/mydata2 NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE mypool/mydata2 compression gzip-9 local Now you can copy the contents of /usr/lib into both your normal and compressing filesystem and observe the results. Don't forget the dot or period (".") in the find(1) command below: root@solaris:~# cd /usr/lib root@solaris:/usr/lib# find . -print | cpio -pdv /data1 root@solaris:/usr/lib# find . -print | cpio -pdv /data2 The copy into the compressing file system takes longer - as it has to perform the compression but the results show the effect: root@solaris:/usr/lib# zfs list NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT mypool 1.35G 1.59G 31K /mypool mypool/mydata1 1.01G 1.59G 1.01G /data1 mypool/mydata2 341M 1.59G 341M /data2 Note that the available space in the pool is shared amongst the file systems. This behavior can be modified using quotas and reservations which are not covered in this lab but are covered extensively in the ZFS Administrators Guide. Back to top Exercise Z.4: ZFS Deduplication The deduplication property is used to remove redundant data from a ZFS file system. With the property enabled duplicate data blocks are removed synchronously. The result is that only unique data is stored and common componenents are shared. Task:See how to implement deduplication and its effects Lab: You will create a ZFS file system with deduplication turned on and see if it reduces the amount of physical storage needed when we again fill it with a copy of /usr/lib. root@solaris:/usr/lib# zfs destroy mypool/mydata2 root@solaris:/usr/lib# zfs set dedup=on mypool/mydata1 root@solaris:/usr/lib# rm -rf /data1/* root@solaris:/usr/lib# mkdir /data1/2nd-copy root@solaris:/usr/lib# zfs list NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT mypool 1.02M 2.94G 31K /mypool mypool/mydata1 43K 2.94G 43K /data1 root@solaris:/usr/lib# find . -print | cpio -pd /data1 2142768 blocks root@solaris:/usr/lib# zfs list NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT mypool 1.02G 1.99G 31K /mypool mypool/mydata1 1.01G 1.99G 1.01G /data1 root@solaris:/usr/lib# find . -print | cpio -pd /data1/2nd-copy 2142768 blocks root@solaris:/usr/lib#zfs list NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT mypool 1.99G 1.96G 31K /mypool mypool/mydata1 1.98G 1.96G 1.98G /data1 You could go on creating copies for quite a while...but you get the idea. Note that deduplication and compression can be combined: the compression acts on metadata. Deduplication works across file systems in a pool and there is a zpool-wide property dedupratio: root@solaris:/usr/lib# zpool get dedupratio mypool NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE mypool dedupratio 4.30x - Deduplication can also be checked using "zpool list": root@solaris:/usr/lib# zpool list NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE CAP DEDUP HEALTH ALTROOT mypool 2.98G 1001M 2.01G 32% 4.30x ONLINE - rpool 15.9G 6.66G 9.21G 41% 1.00x ONLINE - Before moving on to the next topic, destroy that dataset and free up some space: root@solaris:~# zfs destroy mypool/mydata1 Back to top Exercise Z.5: ZFS Encryption Task: Encrypt sensitive data. Lab: Explore basic ZFS encryption. This lab only covers the basics of ZFS Encryption. In particular it does not cover various aspects of key management. Please see the ZFS Adminastrion Manual and the zfs_encrypt(1M) manual page for more detail on this functionality. Back to top root@solaris:~# zfs create -o encryption=on mypool/data2 Enter passphrase for 'mypool/data2': ******** Enter again: ******** root@solaris:~# Creation of a descendent dataset shows that encryption is inherited from the parent: root@solaris:~# zfs create mypool/data2/data3 root@solaris:~# zfs get -r encryption,keysource,keystatus,checksum mypool/data2 NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE mypool/data2 encryption on local mypool/data2 keysource passphrase,prompt local mypool/data2 keystatus available - mypool/data2 checksum sha256-mac local mypool/data2/data3 encryption on inherited from mypool/data2 mypool/data2/data3 keysource passphrase,prompt inherited from mypool/data2 mypool/data2/data3 keystatus available - mypool/data2/data3 checksum sha256-mac inherited from mypool/data2 You will find the online manual page zfs_encrypt(1M) contains examples. In particular, if time permits during this lab session you may wish to explore the changing of a key using "zfs key -c mypool/data2". Exercise Z.6: Shadow Migration Shadow Migration allows you to migrate data from an old file system to a new file system while simultaneously allowing access and modification to the new file system during the process. You can use Shadow Migration to migrate a local or remote UFS or ZFS file system to a local file system. Task: You wish to migrate data from one file system (UFS, ZFS, VxFS) to ZFS while mainaining access to it. Lab: Create the infrastructure for shadow migration and transfer one file system into another. First create the file system you want to migrate root@solaris:~# zpool create oldstuff c3t4d0 root@solaris:~# zfs create oldstuff/forgotten Then populate it with some files: root@solaris:~# cd /var/adm root@solaris:/var/adm# find . -print | cpio -pdv /oldstuff/forgotten You need the shadow-migration package installed: root@solaris:~# pkg install shadow-migration Packages to install: 1 Create boot environment: No Create backup boot environment: No Services to change: 1 DOWNLOAD PKGS FILES XFER (MB) Completed 1/1 14/14 0.2/0.2 PHASE ACTIONS Install Phase 39/39 PHASE ITEMS Package State Update Phase 1/1 Image State Update Phase 2/2 You then enable the shadowd service: root@solaris:~# svcadm enable shadowd root@solaris:~# svcs shadowd STATE STIME FMRI online 7:16:09 svc:/system/filesystem/shadowd:default Set the filesystem to be migrated to read-only root@solaris:~# zfs set readonly=on oldstuff/forgotten Create a new zfs file system with the shadow property set to the file system to be migrated: root@solaris:~# zfs create -o shadow=file:///oldstuff/forgotten mypool/remembered Use the shadowstat(1M) command to see the progress of the migration: root@solaris:~# shadowstat EST BYTES BYTES ELAPSED DATASET XFRD LEFT ERRORS TIME mypool/remembered 92.5M - - 00:00:59 mypool/remembered 99.1M 302M - 00:01:09 mypool/remembered 109M 260M - 00:01:19 mypool/remembered 133M 304M - 00:01:29 mypool/remembered 149M 339M - 00:01:39 mypool/remembered 156M 86.4M - 00:01:49 mypool/remembered 156M 8E 29 (completed) Note that if you had created /mypool/remembered as encrypted, this would be the preferred method of encrypting existing data. Similarly for compressing or deduplicating existing data. The procedure for migrating a file system over NFS is similar - see the ZFS Administration manual. That concludes this lab session.

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• Trace flags - TF 1117

  - by Damian

  I had a session about trace flags this year on the SQL Day 2014 conference that was held in Wroclaw at the end of April. The session topic is important to most of DBA's and the reason I did it was that I sometimes forget about various trace flags :). So I decided to prepare a presentation but I think it is a good idea to write posts about trace flags, too. Let's start then - today I will describe the TF 1117. I assume that we all know how to setup a TF using starting parameters or registry or in the session or on the query level. I will always write if a trace flag is local or global to make sure we know how to use it. Why do we need this trace flag? Let’s create a test database first. This is quite ordinary database as it has two data files (4 MB each) and a log file that has 1MB. The data files are able to expand by 1 MB and the log file grows by 10%: USE [master] GO CREATE DATABASE [TF1117]  ON  PRIMARY ( NAME = N'TF1117',      FILENAME = N'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.SQL2014\MSSQL\DATA\TF1117.mdf' ,      SIZE = 4096KB ,      MAXSIZE = UNLIMITED,      FILEGROWTH = 1024KB ), ( NAME = N'TF1117_1',      FILENAME = N'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.SQL2014\MSSQL\DATA\TF1117_1.ndf' ,      SIZE = 4096KB ,      MAXSIZE = UNLIMITED,      FILEGROWTH = 1024KB )  LOG ON ( NAME = N'TF1117_log',      FILENAME = N'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.SQL2014\MSSQL\DATA\TF1117_log.ldf' ,      SIZE = 1024KB ,      MAXSIZE = 2048GB ,      FILEGROWTH = 10% ) GO Without the TF 1117 turned on the data files don’t grow all up at once. When a first file is full the SQL Server expands it but the other file is not expanded until is full. Why is that so important? The SQL Server proportional fill algorithm will direct new extent allocations to the file with the most available space so new extents will be written to the file that was just expanded. When the TF 1117 is enabled it will cause all files to auto grow by their specified increment. That means all files will have the same percent of free space so we still have the benefit of evenly distributed IO. The TF 1117 is global flag so it affects all databases on the instance. Of course if a filegroup contains only one file the TF does not have any effect on it. Now let’s do a simple test. First let’s create a table in which every row will fit to a single page: The table definition is pretty simple as it has two integer columns and one character column of fixed size 8000 bytes: create table TF1117Tab (      col1 int,      col2 int,      col3 char (8000) ) go Now I load some data to the table to make sure that one of the data file must grow: declare @i int select @i = 1 while (@i < 800) begin       insert into TF1117Tab  values (@i, @i+1000, 'hello')        select @i= @i + 1 end I can check the actual file size in the sys.database_files DMV: SELECT name, (size*8)/1024 'Size in MB' FROM sys.database_files  GO   As you can see only the first data file was  expanded and the other has still the initial size:   name                  Size in MB --------------------- ----------- TF1117                5 TF1117_log            1 TF1117_1              4 There is also other methods of looking at the events of file autogrows. One possibility is to create an Extended Events session and the other is to look into the default trace file:     DECLARE @path NVARCHAR(260); SELECT    @path = REVERSE(SUBSTRING(REVERSE([path]),          CHARINDEX('\', REVERSE([path])), 260)) + N'log.trc' FROM    sys.traces WHERE   is_default = 1; SELECT    DatabaseName,                 [FileName],                 SPID,                 Duration,                 StartTime,                 EndTime,                 FileType =                         CASE EventClass                                     WHEN 92 THEN 'Data'                                    WHEN 93 THEN 'Log'             END FROM sys.fn_trace_gettable(@path, DEFAULT) WHERE   EventClass IN (92,93) AND StartTime >'2014-07-12' AND DatabaseName = N'TF1117' ORDER BY   StartTime DESC;   After running the query I can see the file was expanded and how long did the process take which might be useful from the performance perspective.    Now it’s time to turn on the flag 1117. DBCC TRACEON(1117)   I dropped the database and recreated it once again. Then I ran the queries and observed the results. After loading the records I see that both files were evenly expanded: name                  Size in MB --------------------- ----------- TF1117                5 TF1117_log            1 TF1117_1              5 I found also information in the default trace. The query returned three rows. The last one is connected to my first experiment when the TF was turned off.  The two rows shows that first file was expanded by 1MB and right after that operation the second file was expanded, too. This is what is this TF all about J  

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• I am looking for a script where users can create groups cms/social interaction site

  - by Paul

  I am trying to find a Content Mangement/social interaction script that requires a person to be a part of a group. Specifically: My daughter is a cheerleader and there are a number of cheer groups she is involved in and also has friends in many others. A lot of them could use some kind of website where they can share information between their team members and coach. The coach being the controller of the group and who can join etc. "Group Leader"? One can only join the group if invited or given a password or some such security. There would be multipel groups or in this case multiple cheer squads who were registered as groups and the cheerleaders a part of their group. The coach or group leader would have control of the group calender and they may have their own calendars and be messaging between them and/or other social interactions. IN a perfect world they could modify their own pages individualy. Communication could go globally or only to the group and a "friends or buddy" system. I think you get the idea. I really like OCportal and what it does and can do but it does not have the group funcitionality I am looking for. Perhaps I am just going to need to see about getting aprogrammer to write an add on for me if ther is nothing like this out there. But if you know of any I would appreciate being pointed in that direction.

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• Excel formula - sometimes array formula, sometimes not

  - by Jonas

  I want to write some data to an Excel file, and I want the first page to show a summary of the data that are spread all over the sheets. The individual data items on a sheet can be included or excluded, and I want the summary to be calculated only on the included values. Thus, I thought I'd use a formula like this to show, for example, an average (for which empty fields shouldn't be counted, either): =AVERAGE(IF('dataSheet1'!$B:$B=1,IF('dataSheet1'!$I:$I<>"",'dataSheet1'!$I:$I,""),"")) If I have this formula in dataSheet1, everything works fine. If I have this formula in the summary sheet, I need to enter it as an array formula, and I have to specify the exact ranges to make it work. Is there a way (aside from adding the average in dataSheet, and then referencing the result in summary) to make the formula work without having it turn into an array formula?

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• What is a good way to store tilemap data?

  - by Stephen Tierney

  I'm developing a 2D platformer with some uni friends. We've based it upon the XNA Platformer Starter Kit which uses .txt files to store the tile map. While this is simple it does not give us enough control and flexibility with level design. Some examples: for multiple layers of content multiple files are required, each object is fixed onto the grid, doesn't allow for rotation of objects, limited number of characters etc. So I'm doing some research into how to store the level data and map file. This concerns only the file system storage of the tile maps, not the data structure to be used by the game while it is running. The tile map is loaded into a 2D array, so this question is about which source to fill the array from. Reasoning for DB: From my perspective I see less redundancy of data using a database to store the tile data. Tiles in the same x,y position with the same characteristics can be reused from level to level. It seems like it would simple enough to write a method to retrieve all the tiles that are used in a particular level from the database. Reasoning for JSON/XML: Visually editable files, changes can be tracked via SVN a lot easier. But there is repeated content. Do either have any drawbacks (load times, access times, memory etc) compared to the other? And what is commonly used in the industry? Currently the file looks like this: .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .........GGG........ .........###........ .................... ....GGG.......GGG... ....###.......###... .................... .1................X. #################### 1 - Player start point, X - Level Exit, . - Empty space, # - Platform, G - Gem

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• NFS performance troubleshooting

  - by aix

  I am troubleshooting NFS performance issues on Linux, and I'm looking at the following nfsiostat output: host:/path mounted on /path: op/s rpc bklog 96.75 0.01 read: ops/s kB/s kB/op retrans avg RTT (ms) avg exe (ms) 86.561 1408.294 16.269 0 (0.0%) 34.595 89.688 write: ops/s kB/s kB/op retrans avg RTT (ms) avg exe (ms) 10.113 326.282 32.265 0 (0.0%) 19.688 72446.246 What exactly is the meaning of avg RTT (ms) and avg exe (ms)? avg exe for writes is 72 seconds(!) -- would you say this is abnormal and, if so, how do I go about troubleshooting this further? I'm using NFS over TCP. Both the client and the server are on the same GigE LAN.

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