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• Custom SNMP Cacti Data Source fails to update

  - by Andrew Wilkinson

  I'm trying to create a custom SNMP datasource for Cacti but despite everything I can check being correct, it is not creating the rrd file, or updating it even when I create it. Other, standard SNMP sources are working correctly so it's not SNMP or permissions that are the problem. I've created a new Data Query, which when I click on "Verbose Query" on the device screen returns the following: + Running data query [10]. + Found type = '3' [SNMP Query]. + Found data query XML file at '/volume1/web/cacti/resource/snmp_queries/syno_volume_stats.xml' + XML file parsed ok. + missing in XML file, 'Index Count Changed' emulated by counting oid_index entries + Executing SNMP walk for list of indexes @ '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3' Index Count: 8 + Index found at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.1' value: 'Physical memory' + Index found at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.3' value: 'Virtual memory' + Index found at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.6' value: 'Memory buffers' + Index found at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.7' value: 'Cached memory' + Index found at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.10' value: 'Swap space' + Index found at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.31' value: '/' + Index found at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.32' value: '/volume1' + Index found at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.33' value: '/opt' + index_parse at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.1' results: '1' + index_parse at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.3' results: '3' + index_parse at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.6' results: '6' + index_parse at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.7' results: '7' + index_parse at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.10' results: '10' + index_parse at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.31' results: '31' + index_parse at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.32' results: '32' + index_parse at OID: '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3.33' results: '33' + Located input field 'index' [walk] + Executing SNMP walk for data @ '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3' + Found item [index='Physical memory'] index: 1 [from value] + Found item [index='Virtual memory'] index: 3 [from value] + Found item [index='Memory buffers'] index: 6 [from value] + Found item [index='Cached memory'] index: 7 [from value] + Found item [index='Swap space'] index: 10 [from value] + Found item [index='/'] index: 31 [from value] + Found item [index='/volume1'] index: 32 [from value] + Found item [index='/opt'] index: 33 [from value] + Located input field 'volsizeunit' [walk] + Executing SNMP walk for data @ '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.4' + Found item [volsizeunit='1024 Bytes'] index: 1 [from value] + Found item [volsizeunit='1024 Bytes'] index: 3 [from value] + Found item [volsizeunit='1024 Bytes'] index: 6 [from value] + Found item [volsizeunit='1024 Bytes'] index: 7 [from value] + Found item [volsizeunit='1024 Bytes'] index: 10 [from value] + Found item [volsizeunit='4096 Bytes'] index: 31 [from value] + Found item [volsizeunit='4096 Bytes'] index: 32 [from value] + Found item [volsizeunit='4096 Bytes'] index: 33 [from value] + Located input field 'volsize' [walk] + Executing SNMP walk for data @ '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.5' + Found item [volsize='1034712'] index: 1 [from value] + Found item [volsize='3131792'] index: 3 [from value] + Found item [volsize='1034712'] index: 6 [from value] + Found item [volsize='775904'] index: 7 [from value] + Found item [volsize='2097080'] index: 10 [from value] + Found item [volsize='612766'] index: 31 [from value] + Found item [volsize='1439812394'] index: 32 [from value] + Found item [volsize='1439812394'] index: 33 [from value] + Located input field 'volused' [walk] + Executing SNMP walk for data @ '.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.6' + Found item [volused='1022520'] index: 1 [from value] + Found item [volused='1024096'] index: 3 [from value] + Found item [volused='32408'] index: 6 [from value] + Found item [volused='775904'] index: 7 [from value] + Found item [volused='1576'] index: 10 [from value] + Found item [volused='148070'] index: 31 [from value] + Found item [volused='682377865'] index: 32 [from value] + Found item [volused='682377865'] index: 33 [from value] AS you can see it appears to be returning the correct data. I've also set up data templates and graph templates to display the data. The create graphs for a device screen shows the correct data, and when selecting one row can clicking create a new data source and graph are created. Unfortunately the data source is never updated. Increasing the poller log level shows that it appears to not even be querying the data source, despite it being used? What should my next steps to debug this issue be?

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• Bacula & Multiple Tape Devices, and so on

  - by Tom O'Connor

  Bacula won't make use of 2 tape devices simultaneously. (Search for #-#-# for the TL;DR) A little background, perhaps. In the process of trying to get a decent working backup solution (backing up 20TB ain't cheap, or easy) at $dayjob, we bought a bunch of things to make it work. Firstly, there's a Spectra Logic T50e autochanger, 40 slots of LTO5 goodness, and that robot's got a pair of IBM HH5 Ultrium LTO5 drives, connected via FibreChannel Arbitrated Loop to our backup server. There's the backup server.. A Dell R715 with 2x 16 core AMD 62xx CPUs, and 32GB of RAM. Yummy. That server's got 2 Emulex FCe-12000E cards, and an Intel X520-SR dual port 10GE NIC. We were also sold Commvault Backup (non-NDMP). Here's where it gets really complicated. Spectra Logic and Commvault both sent respective engineers, who set up the library and the software. Commvault was running fine, in so far as the controller was working fine. The Dell server has Ubuntu 12.04 server, and runs the MediaAgent for CommVault, and mounts our BlueArc NAS as NFS to a few mountpoints, like /home, and some stuff in /mnt. When backing up from the NFS mountpoints, we were seeing ~= 290GB/hr throughput. That's CRAP, considering we've got 20-odd TB to get through, in a <48 hour backup window. The rated maximum on the BlueArc is 700MB/s (2460GB/hr), the rated maximum write speed on the tape devices is 140MB/s, per drive, so that's 492GB/hr (or double it, for the total throughput). So, the next step was to benchmark NFS performance with IOzone, and it turns out that we get epic write performance (across 20 threads), and it's like 1.5-2.5TB/hr write, but read performance is fecking hopeless. I couldn't ever get higher than 343GB/hr maximum. So let's assume that the 343GB/hr is a theoretical maximum for read performance on the NAS, then we should in theory be able to get that performance out of a) CommVault, and b) any other backup agent. Not the case. Commvault seems to only ever give me 200-250GB/hr throughput, and out of experimentation, I installed Bacula to see what the state of play there is. If, for example, Bacula gave consistently better performance and speeds than Commvault, then we'd be able to say "**$.$ Refunds Plz $.$**" #-#-# Alas, I found a different problem with Bacula. Commvault seems pretty happy to read from one part of the mountpoint with one thread, and stream that to a Tape device, whilst reading from some other directory with the other thread, and writing to the 2nd drive in the autochanger. I can't for the life of me get Bacula to mount and write to two tape drives simultaneously. Things I've tried: Setting Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 20 in the Director, File and Storage Daemons Setting Prefer Mounted Volumes = no in the Job Definition Setting multiple devices in the Autochanger resource. Documentation seems to be very single-drive centric, and we feel a little like we've strapped a rocket to a hamster, with this one. The majority of example Bacula configurations are for DDS4 drives, manual tape swapping, and FreeBSD or IRIX systems. I should probably add that I'm not too bothered if this isn't possible, but I'd be surprised. I basically want to use Bacula as proof to stick it to the software vendors that they're overpriced ;) I read somewhere that @KyleBrandt has done something similar with a modern Tape solution.. Configuration Files: *bacula-dir.conf* # # Default Bacula Director Configuration file Director { # define myself Name = backuphost-1-dir DIRport = 9101 # where we listen for UA connections QueryFile = "/etc/bacula/scripts/query.sql" WorkingDirectory = "/var/lib/bacula" PidDirectory = "/var/run/bacula" Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 20 Password = "yourekiddingright" # Console password Messages = Daemon DirAddress = 0.0.0.0 #DirAddress = 127.0.0.1 } JobDefs { Name = "DefaultFileJob" Type = Backup Level = Incremental Client = backuphost-1-fd FileSet = "Full Set" Schedule = "WeeklyCycle" Storage = File Messages = Standard Pool = File Priority = 10 Write Bootstrap = "/var/lib/bacula/%c.bsr" } JobDefs { Name = "DefaultTapeJob" Type = Backup Level = Incremental Client = backuphost-1-fd FileSet = "Full Set" Schedule = "WeeklyCycle" Storage = "SpectraLogic" Messages = Standard Pool = AllTapes Priority = 10 Write Bootstrap = "/var/lib/bacula/%c.bsr" Prefer Mounted Volumes = no } # # Define the main nightly save backup job # By default, this job will back up to disk in /nonexistant/path/to/file/archive/dir Job { Name = "BackupClient1" JobDefs = "DefaultFileJob" } Job { Name = "BackupThisVolume" JobDefs = "DefaultTapeJob" FileSet = "SpecialVolume" } #Job { # Name = "BackupClient2" # Client = backuphost-12-fd # JobDefs = "DefaultJob" #} # Backup the catalog database (after the nightly save) Job { Name = "BackupCatalog" JobDefs = "DefaultFileJob" Level = Full FileSet="Catalog" Schedule = "WeeklyCycleAfterBackup" # This creates an ASCII copy of the catalog # Arguments to make_catalog_backup.pl are: # make_catalog_backup.pl <catalog-name> RunBeforeJob = "/etc/bacula/scripts/make_catalog_backup.pl MyCatalog" # This deletes the copy of the catalog RunAfterJob = "/etc/bacula/scripts/delete_catalog_backup" Write Bootstrap = "/var/lib/bacula/%n.bsr" Priority = 11 # run after main backup } # # Standard Restore template, to be changed by Console program # Only one such job is needed for all Jobs/Clients/Storage ... # Job { Name = "RestoreFiles" Type = Restore Client=backuphost-1-fd FileSet="Full Set" Storage = File Pool = Default Messages = Standard Where = /srv/bacula/restore } FileSet { Name = "SpecialVolume" Include { Options { signature = MD5 } File = /mnt/SpecialVolume } Exclude { File = /var/lib/bacula File = /nonexistant/path/to/file/archive/dir File = /proc File = /tmp File = /.journal File = /.fsck } } # List of files to be backed up FileSet { Name = "Full Set" Include { Options { signature = MD5 } File = /usr/sbin } Exclude { File = /var/lib/bacula File = /nonexistant/path/to/file/archive/dir File = /proc File = /tmp File = /.journal File = /.fsck } } Schedule { Name = "WeeklyCycle" Run = Full 1st sun at 23:05 Run = Differential 2nd-5th sun at 23:05 Run = Incremental mon-sat at 23:05 } # This schedule does the catalog. It starts after the WeeklyCycle Schedule { Name = "WeeklyCycleAfterBackup" Run = Full sun-sat at 23:10 } # This is the backup of the catalog FileSet { Name = "Catalog" Include { Options { signature = MD5 } File = "/var/lib/bacula/bacula.sql" } } # Client (File Services) to backup Client { Name = backuphost-1-fd Address = localhost FDPort = 9102 Catalog = MyCatalog Password = "surelyyourejoking" # password for FileDaemon File Retention = 30 days # 30 days Job Retention = 6 months # six months AutoPrune = yes # Prune expired Jobs/Files } # # Second Client (File Services) to backup # You should change Name, Address, and Password before using # #Client { # Name = backuphost-12-fd # Address = localhost2 # FDPort = 9102 # Catalog = MyCatalog # Password = "i'mnotjokinganddontcallmeshirley" # password for FileDaemon 2 # File Retention = 30 days # 30 days # Job Retention = 6 months # six months # AutoPrune = yes # Prune expired Jobs/Files #} # Definition of file storage device Storage { Name = File # Do not use "localhost" here Address = localhost # N.B. Use a fully qualified name here SDPort = 9103 Password = "lalalalala" Device = FileStorage Media Type = File } Storage { Name = "SpectraLogic" Address = localhost SDPort = 9103 Password = "linkedinmakethebestpasswords" Device = Drive-1 Device = Drive-2 Media Type = LTO5 Autochanger = yes } # Generic catalog service Catalog { Name = MyCatalog # Uncomment the following line if you want the dbi driver # dbdriver = "dbi:sqlite3"; dbaddress = 127.0.0.1; dbport = dbname = "bacula"; DB Address = ""; dbuser = "bacula"; dbpassword = "bbmaster63" } # Reasonable message delivery -- send most everything to email address # and to the console Messages { Name = Standard mailcommand = "/usr/lib/bacula/bsmtp -h localhost -f \"\(Bacula\) \<%r\>\" -s \"Bacula: %t %e of %c %l\" %r" operatorcommand = "/usr/lib/bacula/bsmtp -h localhost -f \"\(Bacula\) \<%r\>\" -s \"Bacula: Intervention needed for %j\" %r" mail = root@localhost = all, !skipped operator = root@localhost = mount console = all, !skipped, !saved # # WARNING! the following will create a file that you must cycle from # time to time as it will grow indefinitely. However, it will # also keep all your messages if they scroll off the console. # append = "/var/lib/bacula/log" = all, !skipped catalog = all } # # Message delivery for daemon messages (no job). Messages { Name = Daemon mailcommand = "/usr/lib/bacula/bsmtp -h localhost -f \"\(Bacula\) \<%r\>\" -s \"Bacula daemon message\" %r" mail = root@localhost = all, !skipped console = all, !skipped, !saved append = "/var/lib/bacula/log" = all, !skipped } # Default pool definition Pool { Name = Default Pool Type = Backup Recycle = yes # Bacula can automatically recycle Volumes AutoPrune = yes # Prune expired volumes Volume Retention = 365 days # one year } # File Pool definition Pool { Name = File Pool Type = Backup Recycle = yes # Bacula can automatically recycle Volumes AutoPrune = yes # Prune expired volumes Volume Retention = 365 days # one year Maximum Volume Bytes = 50G # Limit Volume size to something reasonable Maximum Volumes = 100 # Limit number of Volumes in Pool } Pool { Name = AllTapes Pool Type = Backup Recycle = yes AutoPrune = yes # Prune expired volumes Volume Retention = 31 days # one Moth } # Scratch pool definition Pool { Name = Scratch Pool Type = Backup } # # Restricted console used by tray-monitor to get the status of the director # Console { Name = backuphost-1-mon Password = "LastFMalsostorePasswordsLikeThis" CommandACL = status, .status } bacula-sd.conf # # Default Bacula Storage Daemon Configuration file # Storage { # definition of myself Name = backuphost-1-sd SDPort = 9103 # Director's port WorkingDirectory = "/var/lib/bacula" Pid Directory = "/var/run/bacula" Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 20 SDAddress = 0.0.0.0 # SDAddress = 127.0.0.1 } # # List Directors who are permitted to contact Storage daemon # Director { Name = backuphost-1-dir Password = "passwordslinplaintext" } # # Restricted Director, used by tray-monitor to get the # status of the storage daemon # Director { Name = backuphost-1-mon Password = "totalinsecurityabound" Monitor = yes } Device { Name = FileStorage Media Type = File Archive Device = /srv/bacula/archive LabelMedia = yes; # lets Bacula label unlabeled media Random Access = Yes; AutomaticMount = yes; # when device opened, read it RemovableMedia = no; AlwaysOpen = no; } Autochanger { Name = SpectraLogic Device = Drive-1 Device = Drive-2 Changer Command = "/etc/bacula/scripts/mtx-changer %c %o %S %a %d" Changer Device = /dev/sg4 } Device { Name = Drive-1 Drive Index = 0 Archive Device = /dev/nst0 Changer Device = /dev/sg4 Media Type = LTO5 AutoChanger = yes RemovableMedia = yes; AutomaticMount = yes; AlwaysOpen = yes; RandomAccess = no; LabelMedia = yes } Device { Name = Drive-2 Drive Index = 1 Archive Device = /dev/nst1 Changer Device = /dev/sg4 Media Type = LTO5 AutoChanger = yes RemovableMedia = yes; AutomaticMount = yes; AlwaysOpen = yes; RandomAccess = no; LabelMedia = yes } # # Send all messages to the Director, # mount messages also are sent to the email address # Messages { Name = Standard director = backuphost-1-dir = all } bacula-fd.conf # # Default Bacula File Daemon Configuration file # # # List Directors who are permitted to contact this File daemon # Director { Name = backuphost-1-dir Password = "hahahahahaha" } # # Restricted Director, used by tray-monitor to get the # status of the file daemon # Director { Name = backuphost-1-mon Password = "hohohohohho" Monitor = yes } # # "Global" File daemon configuration specifications # FileDaemon { # this is me Name = backuphost-1-fd FDport = 9102 # where we listen for the director WorkingDirectory = /var/lib/bacula Pid Directory = /var/run/bacula Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 20 #FDAddress = 127.0.0.1 FDAddress = 0.0.0.0 } # Send all messages except skipped files back to Director Messages { Name = Standard director = backuphost-1-dir = all, !skipped, !restored }

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• Using NginX and Apache alongside for both static and dynamic files

  - by faridv

  Background: I've searched a lot and found these useful threads about using of Apache or NginX for static or dynamic files. But they are old (mostly about 1 or 2 years ago) and I think both webservers, specifically Nginx has had important changes in performance and usage. So I think take another look on these issue cannot be that bad. Nginx (for static files) and Apache (for dynamic content)? nginx better than apache for dynamic content? [closed] Apache or NGINX for PHP? Nginx as reverse proxy to Apache with only dynamic content? My question: I have a PHP web application with lots of dynamic files and lots of static contents (videos, images etc.) and it's currently running on a CentOS 6 server and Apache 2.2 since 2 months ago. In past few days, number of our site visitors have gained so fast and I just thought if this number continues to increase with current ratio, we need to change many things (web server, application, etc.) to prevent failures. Because of hardware limitations that we are facing, I thought that it's best for us to start with web server. Should I start with something else? Should I try to increase performance of my PHP application and forget about web server for now? (even if gonna take a long time!) Because of huge usage of .htaccess files (for redirection, rewrites, etc.), I think it's gonna be painful to migrate to NginX as default web server or maybe only for dynamic files. Does this mean that I can't even use Nginx as reverse proxy? I'm not sure latest stable version of NginX and PHP-FPM have a better performance over my current Apache and my limitations (too many things) won't let me to give it a try. Which one is doing better currently? What will I lose by migrating to Nginx? To make it short, what should I do?

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• Setting up a DNS name server for a mass virtual host with Bind9

  - by Dez

  I am trying to set up a chrooted DNS name server in a local LAN like this everyone connected in the LAN can have access to the mass virtual hosts defined for a development ambience without having to edit manually their local /etc/hosts one by one. The mass virtual host is named example.user.dev (VirtualDocumentRoot /home/user/example ) and example.test (DocumentRoot /var/www/example). I set up everything and the /var/log/syslog doesn't show any error, but when checking the DNS with: host -v example.test Doesn't find the host. Also using the dig command I don't receive answer. dig -x example.test ; << DiG 9.5.1-P3 << -x imprimere ;; global options: printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; -HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 47844 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;imprimere.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: in-addr.arpa. 600 IN SOA a.root-servers.net. dns-ops.arin.net. 2010042604 1800 900 691200 10800 ;; Query time: 108 msec ;; SERVER: 80.58.0.33#53(80.58.0.33) ;; WHEN: Mon Apr 26 11:15:53 2010 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 107 My configuration is the following: /etc/bind/named.conf.local zone "example.test" { type master; allow-query { any; }; file "/etc/bind/zones/master_example.test"; notify yes; }; zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" { type master; allow-query { any; }; file "/etc/bind/zones/master_1.168.192.in-addr.arpa"; notify yes; }; /etc/bind/named.conf.options Note: We have an static IP address so I forward the querys to DNS server to said IP address. options{ directory "/var/cache/bind"; forwarders { 80.34.100.160; }; auth-nxdomain no; listen-on-v6 { any; }; }; /etc/bind/zones/master_example.test $ORIGIN example.test. $TTL 86400 @ IN SOA example.test. root.example.test. ( 201004227 ; serial 28800 ; refresh 14400 ; retry 3600000 ; expire 86400 ) ; min ; TXT "example.test, DNS service" @ IN NS example.test. localhost A 127.0.0.1 example.test. A 192.168.1.52 example A 192.168.1.52 www CNAME example.test. /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost example 192.168.1.52 localhost example example.test /etc/resolv.conf Note: For Bind I just added the 3 last lines. nameserver 80.58.0.33 nameserver 80.58.61.250 nameserver 80.58.61.254 search example.test search example nameserver 192.168.1.52

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• Improving abysmal 802.11n wireless network

  - by concept

  I am in desperate need of help to improve the abysmal performance of my 802.11n wireless network. At best I get 30Mbs (this is an internet download) from a technology that boasts 300Mbs, even worse is the LAN where to date best i have ever gotten is 1Mbs. It is literally quicker to copy the file to a USB and walk it to the other computer. Infrastructure is this AP 802.11n only broadcasting at both 2.4GHz and 5GHz Mac with 802.11a/b/g/n card is connected to the AP via 5GHz Linux with 802.11a/b/g/n card is connected to AP via 2.4GHz I have conducted the following tests (results at end of post) Internet based speed test wired and wireless LAN file copy wired and wireless I have read: http://nutsaboutnets.com/troubleshooting-wi-fi-problems/ http://www.smallnetbuilder.com/wireless/wireless-basics/30664-5-ways-to-fix-slow-80211n-- speed http colon //www.wi-fiplanet dot com/tutorials/7-tips-to-increase-wi-fi-performance.html Slow file transfer on network between two 802.11n laptops (connected directly together via access point) Wireless Network Performance Issues Slower than expected 802.11n wireless network speeds I have made the following optimizations AP broadcasts only 802.11n on both 2.4GHz and 5GHz frequencies 2.4GHz is on a channel with least interference (live in an apartment with lots of APs), this did make a 10Mb/sec improvement Our AP is the only one transmitting on the 5GHz freq. Security: WPA Personal WPA2 AES encryption Bandwidth: 20MHz / 40MHz (i assume this to be channel bonding) I have tried the following with 0 improvement Dropped the Fragment Threshold to 512 Dropped the Request To Send (RTS) Threshold to 512 and 1 Even thought of buying a frequency spectrum analyzer, until i saw the cost of them!!! Speed test results Linux Wired: DOWNLOAD 128.40Mb/s UPLOAD 10.62Mb/s www dot speedtest dot net/my-result/2948381853 Mac Wired: DOWNLOAD 118.02Mb/s UPLOAD 10.56Mb/s www dot speedtest dot net/my-result/2948384406 Linux Wireless: DOWNLOAD 23.99Mb/s UPLOAD 10.31Mb/s www.speedtest dot net/my-result/2948394990 Mac Wireless: DOWNLOAD 22.55Mb/s UPLOAD 10.36Mb/s www.speedtest dot net/my-result/2948396489 LAN NFS 53,345,087 bytes (51Mb) file Linux Mac NFS Wired: 65.6959 Mb/sec Linux Mac NFS Wireless: .9443 Mb/sec All help is appreciated, even testing methods will be accepted.

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• 32bit SQLServer with AWE NOT enabled. Buffer Cache Hit Ratio High, Disk Read Queue VERY HIGH, WHY?

  - by chenwq

  We have a "SQLServer 2005 SP3 32bit Enterprise Edition" running on a 32 bit Windows 2003 32bit Enterprise Edition 12GB RAM with AWE enabled using RAID5(5 pysical disks). We tuned AWE to enabled and restart sqlserver this afternoon after work, hope the performance will be better than old time. But there is something that we are very confused. On working days, SQLServer has a very bad performance. When we are looking for reasons, we check Windows Performance counter. Avg. Disk Read Queue Lenght > 140 Avg. Disk Write Queue Length < 1 SQL Server Buffer Cache Hit Ratio > 96% %Processor Time < 30% SQL Server Total Server Memory < 1.8G Obviously, without AWE enabled, SQL Server can use only less than 2G memory. My Question is: why "SQL Server Total server Memory" is less than 2G?I think SQL Server will use all 2G process address space. Does this counter count anything out? we known that sql server is sufferring lack of memory, but why "buffer hit ratio“ is as high as 96? Any advice is welcomed!

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• Current wisdom on SQL Server and Hyperthreading?

  - by BradC

  Lots of articles out there (see Slava Oks's original SQL 2000 article and Kevin Kline's SQL 2005 update) recommend disabling hyperthreading on SQL servers, or at least testing your specific workload before enabling it on your servers. This issue is gradually becoming less relevant as true multi-core processors replace hyperthreaded ones, but what's the current wisdom on this issue? Does this advice change any with SQL 2005 64-bit, or SQL 2008, or Windows Server 2008? Ideally, this should be tested in advance in a staging environment, but what about for servers that have already made it into production with HT enabled? How can I tell if performance issues we're experiencing might be related to HT? Is there some specific combination of perfmon counters that might point me in that direction, as opposed to all the other things I normally pursue when working on improving SQL performance? Edit: This is especially attractive because of the potential for an across the board improvement for some of my high-cpu servers, but the client is going to want to see something concrete that helps me identify which servers really could benefit from disabling hyperthreading. Of course, conventional performance troubleshooting is ongoing, but sometimes any little bit helps.

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• Hardware, network infrastructure for runnng gaming server nd on VirtualGL

  - by archer

  Foud nice project VirtualGL (http://www.virtualgl.org/). Tried to run 3D fames (EVE Online, Prototype) on server and display the output on thin client using 100Mbps network. Server: Gentoo Linux on AMD Phoenom II x6 3.4Gz, 8GB RAM, 2x NVIDIA 9800 GTX in single session with display resulution 1024x768 on client. Performance is very promising. Going to increase network speed to 1Gbps (using either Ethernet or Fiber) and run 5-6 clients simultenously. My questions are: a) what would be better for network - 1Gbps Ethernet or Fiber (clients are distributed in max 20m around server)? Is that a must to use managed switch for better network performance? b) Should I increase number of video cards to put in SLI on server (going to use Gigabyte GA-890FXA-UD7 which has 6 PCIExpress slots [2 x4, 2 x8 and 2 x16]). Will it impact performance significantly. If I need to increase the number of video cards - what would be better - put 2 banks of video cards with 3 in bank using SLI, or 3 banks with 2 in the bank? Would linux recognize that and properly use all banks of video cards? c) any suggestions on good thin clients supporting 1920x1080 HDMI video and 1Gbps network I understand that my questions can't be answered clearly (unless someone already managed to use this kind of stuff ;)) although any suggestions would be very helpful.

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• Improving IO with FlashCache

  - by Devator

  I have a server with 2 HDD's (2x 1 TB), running in RAID 1 (SW-RAID). I want to improve IO performance by using flashcache. There are running KVM virtual machines on it, using LVM. Regarding this, I have the following questions: Will this even work? flashcache works for block devices, however these are all virtual machines with their own setup. How much would I expect to increase performance? Most virtual machines run websites and some host games. How big does the SSD needs to be? Would having a bigger SSD increase performance since it's able to cache more files? What happens if the SSD dies? Would flashcache retrieve files from the traditional HDD and I could simply replace the SSD? How much faster would writeback be in comparison with writethrough and writearound? I have no access to a test system unfortunately, so could I install flashcache on a live server without unmounting the the disks? I found a great tutorial here which I would be using.

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• dns server bind is not work

  - by milad

  I just installed bind on RHEL 6 and point a domain to that server. but actually when i ping domain it returns error 1214: Here is my named.conf: // // named.conf // // Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BIND named(8) DNS // server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS resolver only). // // See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files. // options { listen-on port 53 { any; }; listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; }; directory "/var/named"; dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db"; statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt"; memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt"; allow-query { any; }; recursion yes; dnssec-enable yes; dnssec-validation yes; dnssec-lookaside auto; /* Path to ISC DLV key */ bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key"; managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic"; }; logging { channel default_debug { file "data/named.run"; severity dynamic; }; }; zone "." IN { type hint; file "named.ca"; }; include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones"; include "/etc/named.root.key"; zone "mydomain.com"{ type master; file "/var/named/data/named.mydomain.com"; allow-update { none; }; };` AND The content of "/var/named/data/named.mydomain.com": $TTL 38400 mydomain.com. IN SOA ns1.mydomain.com. milad.yahoo.com. ( 2012101201 ; serial number YYMMDDNN 28800 ; Refresh 7200 ; Retry 864000 ; Expire 38400 ; Min TTL ) mydomain.com. IN A 1.2.3.4 www IN A 1.2.3.4 ns1.mydomain.com. IN A 1.2.3.4 ns2.mydomain.com. IN A 1.2.3.4 mydomain.com. IN NS ns1.mydomain.com. mydomain.com. IN NS ns2.mydomain.com. AND i'm sure the named service is running: [root@server ~]# service named status version: 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.3 CPUs found: 8 worker threads: 8 number of zones: 20 debug level: 0 xfers running: 0 xfers deferred: 0 soa queries in progress: 0 query logging is OFF recursive clients: 0/0/1000 tcp clients: 0/100 server is up and running named (pid 26299) is running... Thanks for your answers. i know that the ping is not the job of bind, i use it just to check whether domain is pointed to host or not.(ping is open in my server as i got reply in pinging ip) i use network-tools.com to ping domain. here the output of dig utility: dig mydomain.com ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.3 <<>> mydomain.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: SERVFAIL, id: 6806 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;mydomain.com. IN A ;; Query time: 321 msec ;; SERVER: 5.6.7.8#53(5.6.7.8)##note that 5.6.7.8 is my idc dns ip ;; WHEN: Sun Oct 14 23:53:47 2012

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• BIOS setting: AHCI or RAID (when using SSD + 2x HDD in RAID-0)

  - by nixdagibts

  Hello there, I want to add a new SSD and use it as system drive with Win7 x64 installed. As driver I chose newest Intel Rapid Storage driver (not MSAHCI). I know that I have to use AHCI as BIOS setting for optimal SSD read/write performance. But I'm also using 2 normal HDDs as separate RAID-0 SSD: Win7 HDD: RAID-0 HDD: RAID-0 If I set my BIOS on my ASUS P5W DH Deluxe to AHCI, my RAID-0 cant be recognized And If im using RAID as setting, maybe my SSD has not its top speed. But I'm not sure about that. In short: AHCI no RAID-0 RAID no optimal SSD performance (?) Now my question: Can I use RAID as BIOS setting and be sure, that theres no decrease in SSD performance? Google finds so many articles with similar topics and my head is just exploding. Two examples: - set AHCI and after installing OS switch to RAID as BIOS setting... what? - use a diskette and F6 while installing win7... really? O.o I thought those times are gone

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• Optimizing Disk I/O & RAID on Windows SQL Server 2005

  - by David

  I've been monitoring our SQL server for a while, and have noticed that I/O hits 100% every so often using Task Manager and Perfmon. I have normally been able to correlate this spike with SUSPENDED processes in SQL Server Management when I execute "exec sp_who2". The RAID controller is controlled by LSI MegaRAID Storage Manager. We have the following setup: System Drive (Windows) on RAID 1 with two 280GB drives SQL is on a RAID 10 (2 mirroed drives of 280GB in two different spans) This is a database that is hammered during the day, but is pretty inactive at night. The DB size is currently about 13GB, and is used by approximately 200 (and growing) users a day. I have a couple of ideas I'm toying around with: Checking for Indexes & reindexing some tables Adding an additional RAID 1 (with 2 new, smaller, HDs) and moving the SQL's Log Data File (LDF) onto the new RAID. For #2, my question is this: Would we really be increasing disk performance (IO) by moving data off of the RAID 10 onto a RAID 1? RAID 10 obviously has better performance than RAID 1. Furthermore, SQL must write to the transaction logs before writing to the database. But on the flip side, we'll be reducing both the size of the disks as well as the amount of data written to the RAID 10, which is where all of the "meat" is - thereby increasing that RAID's performance for read requests. Is there any way to find out what our current limiting factor is? (The drives vs. the RAID Controller)? If the limiting factor is the drives, then maybe adding the additional RAID 1 makes sense. But if the limiting factor is the Controller itself, then I think we're approaching this thing wrong. Finally, are we just wasting our time? Should we instead be focusing our efforts towards #1 (reindexing tables, reducing network latency where possible, etc...)?

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• Implications of disabling the AMD Phenom's TLB patch?

  - by DMA57361

  I'm currently running a AMD Phenom X4 9600 processor (yeah, it's aging a bit, but other recent problems mean it's not getting upgraded in the immediate future), which happens to be one of the chips that suffer from the TLB errata. I recall that the first time I played with disabling the TLB patch (probably over a year ago, while playing a game that had a severe performance problem such that it was almost unplayable unless the patch was disabled) I had at least one BSOD, but I can't remeber them being particularly frequent. However, because it decreased instability, I stopped disabling the patch once I was done with the game. Now, after some recent hardware changes I was experiancing much worse performance than expected from the new hardware under some circumstances, and the TLB jumped to mind - after testing I found that disabling the patch would improve the performance to expected levels. I'm now wondering if it's worthwhile always having the patch disabled to avoid any potential slowdowns cropping up in the future, or if it is too dangerous. Everything I read states that the bug, when not patched, can causes a system lock-up in "rare circumstances". So, with the TLB patch disabled: How frequently should system lock-ups be expected? Do we know what the circumstances that trigger the lock-ups are? (Don't worry too much about being highly technical, but essentially I wonder if the chip more vunerable under heavy load, or heavy memory usage, etc?) Are there any secondary problems I should be aware of? (Don't include things that are charateristic to all lock-ups, please)

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• How can I format an SD card with a more robust Linux-usable filesystem with a specific cluster size for better write performace?

  - by Harvey

  Goal: microSD card formatted... for best write performance for use only with embedded Linux for better reliability (random power failures may occur) using an 64kB cluster size I'm using an 8GB microSD card for data storage inside an embedded Linux/ARM device. The SD card is not removable. I've been using ext3 instead of the pre-installed FAT32 because it seems to better handle random power failures during writes. However, I kept noticing that my write performance is always best with the pre-installed FAT32 from Kingston. If I reformat the card with FAT32, the performance still suffers. After browsing wikipedia, I stumbled upon the following comment saying that some cards are optimized for specific cluster sizes. In my case, the Kingston comes pre-formatted for an 64kB cluster size. Risks of reformatting Reformatting an SD card with a different file system, or even with the same one, may make the card slower, or shorten its lifespan. Some cards use wear leveling, in which frequently modified blocks are mapped to different portions of memory at different times, and some wear-leveling algorithms are designed for the access patterns typical of the file allocation table on a FAT16 or FAT32 device.[60] In addition, the preformatted file system may use a cluster size that matches the erase region of the physical memory on the card; reformatting may change the cluster size and make writes less efficient.

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• Painless deployment of a Django app (port from Drupal). Do I have to switch to a VPS?

  - by Monden

  I'm about to complete porting my Drupal based community site to Django. My Drupal site is hosted at a shared hosting (Dreamhost) for last 4 years, and stability & performance has been satisfactory. The site gets around 5k unique visitors with 70-80k page views a day. This will be my first deployment of a Django application and I'm not comfortable with managing my own VPS. I use Ubuntu as a dev. server, but I don't have experience with it at the production env. I have an unrelated internal CRM app (Django) that I host with Webfaction. However security and performance isn't an issue as it's only accessed by 5 people. Unfortunately, I don't have much time to learn and maintain a VPS at this moment. I would like to know if I can host a site with this much traffic at Webfaction's shared environment? How would performance differ in comparison to Linode or Slicehost? Google AppEngine isn't an option at the moment as I'll be using my current Postgresql database.

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• virtual machines, dual booting and data disks on SSD

  - by stevemarvell

  This is in planning, so if I've got the strategy wrong, please let me know. There are multiple questions here, but I think they all degenerate to the same answers. The hardware is a laptop with a single SSD. I'm trying to not lose the performance of the SSD. I plan a native dual booting Windows (plus cygwin) and Linux machine which is my BYOD and represents the development environment. I keep the codebase on a shared partition (though sometimes this is an external thunderbolt SSD) which can be natively "mounted" by whichever OS is in operation. I boot into one or the other environments depending on the task in hand. Sometime I have to develop with windows tools, but generally, Linux is my preferred development environment. It would be ideal if I could VM the other OS and run either in either. I'm going to assume, because I've not found a sensible VM based solution, that I have get samba involved to share the code partition between VMs. Is this going to blow my SSD performance in the VM? The client also supplies me with a VM for the target environment, usually linux. This is not often suited to development and is used for testing only. I normally keep two copies of this, one as a sandbox and one which I deploy to using the client's preferred method. I keep these VM snapshots on the shared partition. The latter is interacted with over the network and so has no disk sharing requirements. However, it would be useful for the sandbox to be able to "mount" the code base from the natively running OS. Is this samba or nfs again, depending on the native OS? Am I missing a trick which allows this to all work smoothly with all four environments running at once without loosing the SSD performance?

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• Curious enigma of a network cable / connection / quality

  - by Foo Bar

  So, the situation is like this: I'm renting an apartment in a large house and I'm sharing internet with the landlord who lives downstairs. The internet is (in my best guess) optical 20/20Mbit. I don't know how it's all wired in his flat (haven't been there / seen it). Anyway, in my flat comes a cable which seems to be connected directly to the optic to ethernet router (and the password is the default one, so I have access, he he). There was a switch connected to that and to wires that go around the flat, and the wiring is terrible. It's even mixing phone and ethernet, and from what I see some cables are even interconnected!? Anyways, this cable that comes to my flat is very short. I can barely connect my computer on it, but if I do, I seem to get decent speed / performance. Not great, but decent. If, however, I connect switch to it (tried 2 different switches and a wifi switch) it's all blinking but I can't even connect to 192.168.1.1 (the router). DHCP fails, ping is losing 80-100% of replies. So I connected this cable directly to the other cable which goes to my work room, with a connector that has two female jacks and no electronics. Now when I connect my computer in my room, again, the performance is decent. When I connect WRT54GL (with tomato, DHCP disabled) to it and I plug a cable in this WRT and to my computer... the performance is gone. Download seems okay on Speedtest, but upload is .2Mbps and it's connecting forever. So what kind cable troll am I having here? Any ideas?

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• mySQL Optimization Suggestions

  - by Brian Schroeter

  I'm trying to optimize our mySQL configuration for our large Magento website. The reason I believe that mySQL needs to be configured further is because New Relic has shown that our SELECT queries are taking a long time (20,000+ ms) in some categories. I ran MySQLTuner 1.3.0 and got the following results... (Disclaimer: I restarted mySQL earlier after tweaking some settings, and so the results here may not be 100% accurate): >> MySQLTuner 1.3.0 - Major Hayden <[email protected]> >> Bug reports, feature requests, and downloads at http://mysqltuner.com/ >> Run with '--help' for additional options and output filtering [OK] Currently running supported MySQL version 5.5.37-35.0 [OK] Operating on 64-bit architecture -------- Storage Engine Statistics ------------------------------------------- [--] Status: +ARCHIVE +BLACKHOLE +CSV -FEDERATED +InnoDB +MRG_MYISAM [--] Data in MyISAM tables: 7G (Tables: 332) [--] Data in InnoDB tables: 213G (Tables: 8714) [--] Data in PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA tables: 0B (Tables: 17) [--] Data in MEMORY tables: 0B (Tables: 353) [!!] Total fragmented tables: 5492 -------- Security Recommendations ------------------------------------------- [!!] User '@host5.server1.autopartsnetwork.com' has no password set. [!!] User '@localhost' has no password set. [!!] User 'root@%' has no password set. -------- Performance Metrics ------------------------------------------------- [--] Up for: 5h 3m 4s (5M q [317.443 qps], 42K conn, TX: 18B, RX: 2B) [--] Reads / Writes: 95% / 5% [--] Total buffers: 35.5G global + 184.5M per thread (1024 max threads) [!!] Maximum possible memory usage: 220.0G (174% of installed RAM) [OK] Slow queries: 0% (6K/5M) [OK] Highest usage of available connections: 5% (61/1024) [OK] Key buffer size / total MyISAM indexes: 512.0M/3.1G [OK] Key buffer hit rate: 100.0% (102M cached / 45K reads) [OK] Query cache efficiency: 66.9% (3M cached / 5M selects) [!!] Query cache prunes per day: 3486361 [OK] Sorts requiring temporary tables: 0% (0 temp sorts / 812K sorts) [!!] Joins performed without indexes: 1328 [OK] Temporary tables created on disk: 11% (126K on disk / 1M total) [OK] Thread cache hit rate: 99% (61 created / 42K connections) [!!] Table cache hit rate: 19% (9K open / 49K opened) [OK] Open file limit used: 2% (712/25K) [OK] Table locks acquired immediately: 100% (5M immediate / 5M locks) [!!] InnoDB buffer pool / data size: 32.0G/213.4G [OK] InnoDB log waits: 0 -------- Recommendations ----------------------------------------------------- General recommendations: Run OPTIMIZE TABLE to defragment tables for better performance MySQL started within last 24 hours - recommendations may be inaccurate Reduce your overall MySQL memory footprint for system stability Enable the slow query log to troubleshoot bad queries Increasing the query_cache size over 128M may reduce performance Adjust your join queries to always utilize indexes Increase table_cache gradually to avoid file descriptor limits Read this before increasing table_cache over 64: http://bit.ly/1mi7c4C Variables to adjust: *** MySQL's maximum memory usage is dangerously high *** *** Add RAM before increasing MySQL buffer variables *** query_cache_size (> 512M) [see warning above] join_buffer_size (> 128.0M, or always use indexes with joins) table_cache (> 12288) innodb_buffer_pool_size (>= 213G) My my.cnf configuration is as follows... [client] port = 3306 [mysqld_safe] nice = 0 [mysqld] tmpdir = /var/lib/mysql/tmp user = mysql port = 3306 skip-external-locking character-set-server = utf8 collation-server = utf8_general_ci event_scheduler = 0 key_buffer = 512M max_allowed_packet = 64M thread_stack = 512K thread_cache_size = 512 sort_buffer_size = 24M read_buffer_size = 8M read_rnd_buffer_size = 24M join_buffer_size = 128M # for some nightly processes client sessions set the join buffer to 8 GB auto-increment-increment = 1 auto-increment-offset = 1 myisam-recover = BACKUP max_connections = 1024 # max connect errors artificially high to support behaviors of NetScaler monitors max_connect_errors = 999999 concurrent_insert = 2 connect_timeout = 5 wait_timeout = 180 net_read_timeout = 120 net_write_timeout = 120 back_log = 128 # this table_open_cache might be too low because of MySQL bugs #16244691 and #65384) table_open_cache = 12288 tmp_table_size = 512M max_heap_table_size = 512M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 512M open-files-limit = 8192 open-files = 1024 query_cache_type = 1 # large query limit supports SOAP and REST API integrations query_cache_limit = 4M # larger than 512 MB query cache size is problematic; this is typically ~60% full query_cache_size = 512M # set to true on read slaves read_only = false slow_query_log_file = /var/log/mysql/slow.log slow_query_log = 0 long_query_time = 0.2 expire_logs_days = 10 max_binlog_size = 1024M binlog_cache_size = 32K sync_binlog = 0 # SSD RAID10 technically has a write capacity of 10000 IOPS innodb_io_capacity = 400 innodb_file_per_table innodb_table_locks = true innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 30 # These servers have 80 CPU threads; match 1:1 innodb_thread_concurrency = 48 innodb_commit_concurrency = 2 innodb_support_xa = true innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32G innodb_file_per_table innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_log_buffer_size = 2G skip-federated [mysqldump] quick quote-names single-transaction max_allowed_packet = 64M I have a monster of a server here to power our site because our catalog is very large (300,000 simple SKUs), and I'm just wondering if I'm missing anything that I can configure further. :-) Thanks!

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• What does SQL Server's BACKUPIO wait type mean?

  - by solublefish

  I'm using Sql Server 2008 ("R1"), with some maintenance plans that back up my databases to a network share. Some of my backup jobs show long waits of type "BACKUPIO". Of course it seems like this is an I/O subsystem limitation, but I'm skeptical. Perfmon stats for I/O on the production (source) server are well within normal trends for that server. The destination server shows a sustained 7MB/s write rate, which seems incredibly low, even for a slow disk. The network link is gigabit ethernet and nowhere near saturated. The few docs I've turned up about BACKUPIO indicate that it's not specifically a wait on I/O, surprisingly enough. This MSFT doc says it's abnormal unless you're using a tape drive, which I'm not. But it doesn't say (or I don't understand) exactly what resource is missing. http://www.docstoc.com/docs/24580659/Performance-Tuning-in-SQL-Server-2005 And this piece says it's not related to I/O performance at all. http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=686168&seqNum=5 "Note that BACKUPIO and IO_AUDIT_MUTEX are not related to IO performance." Anyway, does anyone know what BACKUPIO actually means and/or what I can do to diagnose or eliminate it?

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• NDepend tool – Why every developer working with Visual Studio.NET must try it!

  - by hajan

  In the past two months, I have had a chance to test the capabilities and features of the amazing NDepend tool designed to help you make your .NET code better, more beautiful and achieve high code quality. In other words, this tool will definitely help you harmonize your code. I mean, you’ve probably heard about Chaos Theory. Experienced developers and architects are already advocates of the programming chaos that happens when working with complex project architecture, the matrix of relationships between objects which simply even if you are the one who have written all that code, you know how hard is to visualize everything what does the code do. When the application get more and more complex, you will start missing a lot of details in your code… NDepend will help you visualize all the details on a clever way that will help you make smart moves to make your code better. The NDepend tool supports many features, such as: Code Query Language – which will help you write custom rules and query your own code! Imagine, you want to find all your methods which have more than 100 lines of code :)! That’s something simple! However, I will dig much deeper in one of my next blogs which I’m going to dedicate to the NDepend’s CQL (Code Query Language) Architecture Visualization – You are an architect and want to visualize your application’s architecture? I’m thinking how many architects will be really surprised from their architectures since NDepend shows your whole architecture showing each piece of it. NDepend will show you how your code is structured. It shows the architecture in graphs, but if you have very complex architecture, you can see it in Dependency Matrix which is more suited to display large architecture Code Metrics – Using NDepend’s panel, you can see the code base according to Code Metrics. You can do some additional filtering, like selecting the top code elements ordered by their current code metric value. You can use the CQL language for this purpose too. Smart Search – NDepend has great searching ability, which is again based on the CQL (Code Query Language). However, you have some options to search using dropdown lists and text boxes and it will generate the appropriate CQL code on fly. Moreover, you can modify the CQL code if you want it to fit some more advanced searching tasks. Compare Builds and Code Difference – NDepend will also help you compare previous versions of your code with the current one at one of the most clever ways I’ve seen till now. Create Custom Rules – using CQL you can create custom rules and let NDepend warn you on each build if you break a rule Reporting – NDepend can automatically generate reports with detailed stats, graph representation, dependency matrixes and some additional advanced reporting features that will simply explain you everything related to your application’s code, architecture and what you’ve done. And that’s not all. As I’ve seen, there are many other features that NDepend supports. I will dig more in the upcoming days and will blog more about it. The team who built the NDepend have also created good documentation, which you can find on the NDepend website. On their website, you can also find some good videos that will help you get started quite fast. It’s easy to install and what is very important it is fully integrated with Visual Studio. To get you started, you can watch the following Getting Started Online Demo and Tutorial with explanations and screenshots. If you are interested to know more about how to use the features of this tool, either visit their website or wait for my next blogs where I will show some real examples of using the tool and how it helps make your code better. And the last thing for this blog, I would like to copy one sentence from the NDepend’s home page which says: ‘Hence the software design becomes concrete, code reviews are effective, large refactoring are easy and evolution is mastered.’ Website: www.ndepend.com Getting Started: http://www.ndepend.com/GettingStarted.aspx Features: http://www.ndepend.com/Features.aspx Download: http://www.ndepend.com/NDependDownload.aspx Hope you like it! Please do let me know your feedback by providing comments to my blog post. Kind Regards, Hajan

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• Advanced Record-Level Business Intelligence with Inner Queries

  - by gt0084e1

  While business intelligence is generally applied at an aggregate level to large data sets, it's often useful to provide a more streamlined insight into an individual records or to be able to sort and rank them. For instance, a salesperson looking at a specific customer could benefit from basic stats on that account. A marketer trying to define an ideal customer could pull the top entries and look for insights or patterns. Inner queries let you do sophisticated analysis without the overhead of traditional BI or OLAP technologies like Analysis Services. Example - Order History Constancy Let's assume that management has realized that the best thing for our business is to have customers ordering every month. We'll need to identify and rank customers based on how consistently they buy and when their last purchase was so sales & marketing can respond accordingly. Our current application may not be able to provide this and adding an OLAP server like SSAS may be overkill for our needs. Luckily, SQL Server provides the ability to do relatively sophisticated analytics via inner queries. Here's the kind of output we'd like to see. Creating the Queries Before you create a view, you need to create the SQL query that does the calculations. Here we are calculating the total number of orders as well as the number of months since the last order. These fields might be very useful to sort by but may not be available in the app. This approach provides a very streamlined and high performance method of delivering actionable information without radically changing the application. It's also works very well with self-service reporting tools like Izenda. SELECT CustomerID,CompanyName, ( SELECT COUNT(OrderID) FROM Orders WHERE Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID ) As Orders, DATEDIFF(mm, ( SELECT Max(OrderDate) FROM Orders WHERE Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID) ,getdate() ) AS MonthsSinceLastOrder FROM Customers Creating Views To turn this or any query into a view, just put CREATE VIEW AS before it. If you want to change it use the statement ALTER VIEW AS. Creating Computed Columns If you'd prefer not to create a view, inner queries can also be applied by using computed columns. Place you SQL in the (Formula) field of the Computed Column Specification or check out this article here. Advanced Scoring and Ranking One of the best uses for this approach is to score leads based on multiple fields. For instance, you may be in a business where customers that don't order every month require more persistent follow up. You could devise a simple formula that shows the continuity of an account. If they ordered every month since their first order, they would be at 100 indicating that they have been ordering 100% of the time. Here's the query that would calculate that. It uses a few SQL tricks to make this happen. We are extracting the count of unique months and then dividing by the months since initial order. This query will give you the following information which can be used to help sales and marketing now where to focus. You could sort by this percentage to know where to start calling or to find patterns describing your best customers. Number of orders First Order Date Last Order Date Percentage of months order was placed since last order. SELECT CustomerID, (SELECT COUNT(OrderID) FROM Orders WHERE Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID) As Orders, (SELECT Max(OrderDate) FROM Orders WHERE Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID) AS LastOrder, (SELECT Min(OrderDate) FROM Orders WHERE Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID) AS FirstOrder, DATEDIFF(mm,(SELECT Min(OrderDate) FROM Orders WHERE Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID),getdate()) AS MonthsSinceFirstOrder, 100*(SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT 100*DATEPART(yy,OrderDate) + DATEPART(mm,OrderDate)) FROM Orders WHERE Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID) / DATEDIFF(mm,(SELECT Min(OrderDate) FROM Orders WHERE Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID),getdate()) As OrderPercent FROM Customers

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• SQL Server Optimizer Malfunction?

  - by Tony Davis

  There was a sharp intake of breath from the audience when Adam Machanic declared the SQL Server optimizer to be essentially "stuck in 1997". It was during his fascinating "Query Tuning Mastery: Manhandling Parallelism" session at the recent PASS SQL Summit. Paraphrasing somewhat, Adam (blog | @AdamMachanic) offered a convincing argument that the optimizer often delivers flawed plans based on assumptions that are no longer valid with today’s hardware. In 1997, when Microsoft engineers re-designed the database engine for SQL Server 7.0, SQL Server got its initial implementation of a cost-based optimizer. Up to SQL Server 2000, the developer often had to deploy a steady stream of hints in SQL statements to combat the occasionally wilful plan choices made by the optimizer. However, with each successive release, the optimizer has evolved and improved in its decision-making. It is still prone to the occasional stumble when we tackle difficult problems, join large numbers of tables, perform complex aggregations, and so on, but for most of us, most of the time, the optimizer purrs along efficiently in the background. Adam, however, challenged further any assumption that the current optimizer is competent at providing the most efficient plans for our more complex analytical queries, and in particular of offering up correctly parallelized plans. He painted a picture of a present where complex analytical queries have become ever more prevalent; where disk IO is ever faster so that reads from disk come into buffer cache faster than ever; where the improving RAM-to-data ratio means that we have a better chance of finding our data in cache. Most importantly, we have more CPUs at our disposal than ever before. To get these queries to perform, we not only need to have the right indexes, but also to be able to split the data up into subsets and spread its processing evenly across all these available CPUs. Improvements such as support for ColumnStore indexes are taking things in the right direction, but, unfortunately, deficiencies in the current Optimizer mean that SQL Server is yet to be able to exploit properly all those extra CPUs. Adam’s contention was that the current optimizer uses essentially the same costing model for many of its core operations as it did back in the days of SQL Server 7, based on assumptions that are no longer valid. One example he gave was a "slow disk" bias that may have been valid back in 1997 but certainly is not on modern disk systems. Essentially, the optimizer assesses the relative cost of serial versus parallel plans based on the assumption that there is no IO cost benefit from parallelization, only CPU. It assumes that a single request will saturate the IO channel, and so a query would not run any faster if we parallelized IO because the disk system simply wouldn’t be able to handle the extra pressure. As such, the optimizer often decides that a serial plan is lower cost, often in cases where a parallel plan would improve performance dramatically. It was challenging and thought provoking stuff, as were his techniques for driving parallelism through query logic based on subsets of rows that define the "grain" of the query. I highly recommend you catch the session if you missed it. I’m interested to hear though, when and how often people feel the force of the optimizer’s shortcomings. Barring mistakes, such as stale statistics, how often do you feel the Optimizer fails to find the plan you think it should, and what are the most common causes? Is it fighting to induce it toward parallelism? Combating unexpected plans, arising from table partitioning? Something altogether more prosaic? Cheers, Tony.

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• Consumer Oriented Search In Oracle Endeca Information Discovery - Part 2

  - by Bob Zurek

  As discussed in my last blog posting on this topic, Information Discovery, a core capability of the Oracle Endeca Information Discovery solution enables businesses to search, discover and navigate through a wide variety of big data including structured, unstructured and semi-structured data. With search as a core advanced capabilities of our product it is important to understand some of the key differences and capabilities in the underlying data store of Oracle Endeca Information Discovery and that is our Endeca Server. In the last post on this subject, we talked about Exploratory Search capabilities along with support for cascading relevance. Additional search capabilities in the Endeca Server, which differentiate from simple keyword based "search boxes" in other Information Discovery products also include: The Endeca Server Supports Set Search.  The Endeca Server is organized around set retrieval, which means that it looks at groups of results (all the documents that match a search), as well as the relationship of each individual result to the set. Other approaches only compute the relevance of a document by comparing the document to the search query – not by comparing the document to all the others. For example, a search for “U.S.” in another approach might match to the title of a document and get a high ranking. But what if it were a collection of government documents in which “U.S.” appeared in many titles, making that clue less meaningful? A set analysis would reveal this and be used to adjust relevance accordingly. The Endeca Server Supports Second-Order Relvance. Unlike simple search interfaces in traditional BI tools, which provide limited relevance ranking, such as a list of results based on key word matching, Endeca enables users to determine the most salient terms to divide up the result. Determining this second-order relevance is the key to providing effective guidance. Support for Queries and Filters. Search is the most common query type, but hardly complete, and users need to express a wide range of queries. Oracle Endeca Information Discovery also includes navigation, interactive visualizations, analytics, range filters, geospatial filters, and other query types that are more commonly associated with BI tools. Unlike other approaches, these queries operate across structured, semi-structured and unstructured content stored in the Endeca Server. Furthermore, this set is easily extensible because the core engine allows for pluggable features to be added. Like a search engine, queries are answered with a results list, ranked to put the most likely matches first. Unlike “black box” relevance solutions, which generalize one strategy for everyone, we believe that optimal relevance strategies vary across domains. Therefore, it provides line-of-business owners with a set of relevance modules that let them tune the best results based on their content. The Endeca Server query result sets are summarized, which gives users guidance on how to refine and explore further. Summaries include Guided Navigation® (a form of faceted search), maps, charts, graphs, tag clouds, concept clusters, and clarification dialogs. Users don’t explicitly ask for these summaries; Oracle Endeca Information Discovery analytic applications provide the right ones, based on configurable controls and rules. For example, the analytic application might guide a procurement agent filtering for in-stock parts by visualizing the results on a map and calculating their average fulfillment time. Furthermore, the user can interact with summaries and filters without resorting to writing complex SQL queries. The user can simply just click to add filters. Within Oracle Endeca Information Discovery, all parts of the summaries are clickable and searchable. We are living in a search driven society where business users really seem to enjoy entering information into a search box. We do this everyday as consumers and therefore, we have gotten used to looking for that box. However, the key to getting the right results is to guide that user in a way that provides additional Discovery, beyond what they may have anticipated. This is why these important and advanced features of search inside the Endeca Server have been so important. They have helped to guide our great customers to success. 

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• sp_send_dbmail attach files stored as varbinary in database

  - by Mindstorm Interactive

  I have a two part question relating to sending query results as attachments using sp_send_dbmail. Problem 1: Only basic .txt files will open. Any other format like .pdf or .jpg are corrupted. Problem 2: When attempting to send multiple attachments, I receive one file with all file names glued together. I'm running SQL Server 2005 and I have a table storing uploaded documents: CREATE TABLE [dbo].[EmailAttachment]( [EmailAttachmentID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [MassEmailID] [int] NULL, -- foreign key [FileData] [varbinary](max) NOT NULL, [FileName] [varchar](100) NOT NULL, [MimeType] [varchar](100) NOT NULL I also have a MassEmail table with standard email stuff. Here is the SQL Send Mail script. For brevity, I've excluded declare statements. while ( (select count(MassEmailID) from MassEmail where status = 20 )>0) begin select @MassEmailID = Min(MassEmailID) from MassEmail where status = 20 select @Subject = [Subject] from MassEmail where MassEmailID = @MassEmailID select @Body = Body from MassEmail where MassEmailID = @MassEmailID set @query = 'set nocount on; select cast(FileData as varchar(max)) from Mydatabase.dbo.EmailAttachment where MassEmailID = '+ CAST(@MassEmailID as varchar(100)) select @filename = '' select @filename = COALESCE(@filename+ ',', '') +FileName from EmailAttachment where MassEmailID = @MassEmailID exec msdb.dbo.sp_send_dbmail @profile_name = 'MASS_EMAIL', @recipients = '[email protected]', @subject = @Subject, @body =@Body, @body_format ='HTML', @query = @query, @query_attachment_filename = @filename, @attach_query_result_as_file = 1, @query_result_separator = '; ', @query_no_truncate = 1, @query_result_header = 0; update MassEmailset status= 30,SendDate = GetDate() where MassEmailID = @MassEmailID end I am able to successfully read files from the database so I know the binary data is not corrupted. .txt files only read when I cast FilaData to varchar. But clearly original headers are lost. It's also worth noting that attachment file sizes are different than the original files. That is most likely due to improper encoding as well. So I'm hoping there's a way to create file headers using the stored mimetype, or some way to include file headers in the binary data? I'm also not confident in the values of the last few parameters, and I know coalesce is not quite right, because it prepends the first file name with a comma. But good documentation is nearly impossible to find. Please help!

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• How to get foreignSecurityPrincipal from group. using DirectorySearcher

  - by kain64b

  What I tested with 0 results: string queryForeignSecurityPrincipal = "(&(objectClass=foreignSecurityPrincipal)(memberof:1.2.840.113556.1.4.1941:={0})(uSNChanged>={1})(uSNChanged<={2}))"; sidsForeign = GetUsersSidsByQuery(groupName, string.Format(queryForeignSecurityPrincipal, groupPrincipal.DistinguishedName, 0, 0)); public IList<SecurityIdentifier> GetUsersSidsByQuery(string groupName, string query) { List<SecurityIdentifier> results = new List<SecurityIdentifier>(); try{ using (var context = new PrincipalContext(ContextType.Domain, DomainName, User, Password)) { using (var groupPrincipal = GroupPrincipal.FindByIdentity(context, IdentityType.SamAccountName, groupName)) { DirectoryEntry directoryEntry = (DirectoryEntry)groupPrincipal.GetUnderlyingObject(); do { directoryEntry = directoryEntry.Parent; } while (directoryEntry.SchemaClassName != "domainDNS"); DirectorySearcher searcher = new DirectorySearcher(directoryEntry){ SearchScope=System.DirectoryServices.SearchScope.Subtree, Filter=query, PageSize=10000, SizeLimit = 15000 }; searcher.PropertiesToLoad.Add("objectSid"); searcher.PropertiesToLoad.Add("distinguishedname"); using (SearchResultCollection result = searcher.FindAll()) { foreach (var obj in result) { if (obj != null) { var valueProp = ((SearchResult)obj).Properties["objectSid"]; foreach (var atributeValue in valueProp) { SecurityIdentifier value = (new SecurityIdentifier((byte[])atributeValue, 0)); results.Add(value); } } } } } } } catch (Exception e) { WriteSystemError(e); } return results; } I tested it on usual users with query: "(&(objectClass=user)(memberof:1.2.840.113556.1.4.1941:={0})(uSNChanged>={1})(uSNChanged<={2}))" and it is work, I test with objectClass=* ... nothing help... But If I call groupPrincipal.GetMembers,I get all foreing user account from group. BUT groupPrincipal.GetMembers HAS MEMORY LEAK. Any Idea how to fix my query????

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