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• Saving order of a List in JPA

  - by Rosen Martev

  Hello, I have the following question about JPA: Can I save the order of the elements in a java.util.List? In my application the order in which I put elements in the Lists is important but after I get those collections from the database the order is not the same (as expected). Can you show me a way to deal with this problem? P.S. There is not a field in the entities that I put in the collections by which I can order them. Rosen

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• What are the general disadvantages to most frameworks?

  - by JamieC

  I'm trying to come up with a list of negative reasons for the use of frameworks. I know there are many advantages, such as partially complete solutions (Collections, Exception handling, etc). What disadvantages are there apart from the inverse of the above (ie: 'you will have to create your own collections/ own exception handling'). Thanks

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• Foreach/For loop alternative lambda function?

  - by mamu

  We use for or foreach to loop through collections and process each entries. Is there any alternative in all those new lambda functions for collections in C#? Traditional way of doing foreach(var v in vs) { Console.write(v); } Is there anything like? vs.foreach(v => console.write(v))

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• Convert IDictionary to Dictionary

  - by croisharp

  I have to convert System.Collections.Generic.IDictionary<string, decimal> to System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<string, decimal>, and i can't. I tried the ToDictionary method and can't specify right arguments. I've tried the following: // my dictionary is PlannedSurfaces (of type IDictionary<string, decimal>) blabla.ToDictionary<string, decimal>(localConstruction.PlannedSurfaces)

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• Why doesn't HashTable.Contains() just simply return false if it is passed a null?

  - by Nate Pinchot

  I understand why passing a null to HashTable.Contains() doesn't work, but I don't understand what the point of it throwing an ArgumentNullException is - instead of just simply returning false? What is the benefit of throwing the exception (other than to make me do null checks before calling .Contains())? Caused By [System.ArgumentNullException] Key cannot be null. Parameter name: key at System.Collections.Hashtable.ContainsKey(Object key) at System.Collections.Hashtable.Contains(Object key)

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• Applications of concurrent queues and stacks in .NET 4

  - by Jon Harrop

  .NET 4 includes new concurrent data structures. The Bag and Dictionary collections have obvious applications but I cannot see any use for the Queue and Stack data structures. What are people using these for? Also, I've noticed that the design based upon linked lists incurs a lot of allocation and that destroys scalability. This is surprising given that the sole purpose of these collections is multicore programming. Is this an inherent limitation or are they just badly implemented?

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• Is there a way to organize a icon collection to allow for easy searching?

  - by John M

  Is there any way of organizing a icon collection so that it easier to find needed icons? For example: the program needs a save icon there are 5 icons collections on your HD that have a save icon and there are 5 more collections that don't have a save icon (but you don't know that) do you browse through each icon collection? run a search (assumes files are named consistently)? Would it be ideal to have some sort of organized directory (printable?)?

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• ImmutableDictionary has no constructors defined

  - by lukasLansky

  So, I would like to write something like this: var d = new ImmutableDictionary<string, int> { { "a", 1 }, { "b", 2 } }; (using ImmutableDictionary from System.Collections.Immutable). It seems like a straightforward usage as I am declaring all the values upfront -- no mutation there. But this gives me error: The type 'System.Collections.Immutable.ImmutableDictionary<TKey,TValue>' has no constructors defined How I am supposed to create a new immutable dictionary with static content?

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• Generating EF Code First model classes from an existing database

  - by Jon Galloway

  Entity Framework Code First is a lightweight way to "turn on" data access for a simple CLR class. As the name implies, the intended use is that you're writing the code first and thinking about the database later. However, I really like the Entity Framework Code First works, and I want to use it in existing projects and projects with pre-existing databases. For example, MVC Music Store comes with a SQL Express database that's pre-loaded with a catalog of music (including genres, artists, and songs), and while it may eventually make sense to load that seed data from a different source, for the MVC 3 release we wanted to keep using the existing database. While I'm not getting the full benefit of Code First - writing code which drives the database schema - I can still benefit from the simplicity of the lightweight code approach. Scott Guthrie blogged about how to use entity framework with an existing database, looking at how you can override the Entity Framework Code First conventions so that it can work with a database which was created following other conventions. That gives you the information you need to create the model classes manually. However, it turns out that with Entity Framework 4 CTP 5, there's a way to generate the model classes from the database schema. Once the grunt work is done, of course, you can go in and modify the model classes as you'd like, but you can save the time and frustration of figuring out things like mapping SQL database types to .NET types. Note that this template requires Entity Framework 4 CTP 5 or later. You can install EF 4 CTP 5 here. Step One: Generate an EF Model from your existing database The code generation system in Entity Framework works from a model. You can add a model to your existing project and delete it when you're done, but I think it's simpler to just spin up a separate project to generate the model classes. When you're done, you can delete the project without affecting your application, or you may choose to keep it around in case you have other database schema updates which require model changes. I chose to add the Model classes to the Models folder of a new MVC 3 application. Right-click the folder and select "Add / New Item..."   Next, select ADO.NET Entity Data Model from the Data Templates list, and name it whatever you want (the name is unimportant).   Next, select "Generate from database." This is important - it's what kicks off the next few steps, which read your database's schema.   Now it's time to point the Entity Data Model Wizard at your existing database. I'll assume you know how to find your database - if not, I covered that a bit in the MVC Music Store tutorial section on Models and Data. Select your database, uncheck the "Save entity connection settings in Web.config" (since we won't be using them within the application), and click Next.   Now you can select the database objects you'd like modeled. I just selected all tables and clicked Finish.   And there's your model. If you want, you can make additional changes here before going on to generate the code.   Step Two: Add the DbContext Generator Like most code generation systems in Visual Studio lately, Entity Framework uses T4 templates which allow for some control over how the code is generated. K Scott Allen wrote a detailed article on T4 Templates and the Entity Framework on MSDN recently, if you'd like to know more. Fortunately for us, there's already a template that does just what we need without any customization. Right-click a blank space in the Entity Framework model surface and select "Add Code Generation Item..." Select the Code groupt in the Installed Templates section and pick the ADO.NET DbContext Generator. If you don't see this listed, make sure you've got EF 4 CTP 5 installed and that you're looking at the Code templates group. Note that the DbContext Generator template is similar to the EF POCO template which came out last year, but with "fix up" code (unnecessary in EF Code First) removed.   As soon as you do this, you'll two terrifying Security Warnings - unless you click the "Do not show this message again" checkbox the first time. It will also be displayed (twice) every time you rebuild the project, so I checked the box and no immediate harm befell my computer (fingers crossed!).   Here's the payoff: two templates (filenames ending with .tt) have been added to the project, and they've generated the code I needed.   The "MusicStoreEntities.Context.tt" template built a DbContext class which holds the entity collections, and the "MusicStoreEntities.tt" template build a separate class for each table I selected earlier. We'll customize them in the next step. I recommend copying all the generated .cs files into your application at this point, since accidentally rebuilding the generation project will overwrite your changes if you leave them there. Step Three: Modify and use your POCO entity classes Note: I made a bunch of tweaks to my POCO classes after they were generated. You don't have to do any of this, but I think it's important that you can - they're your classes, and EF Code First respects that. Modify them as you need for your application, or don't. The Context class derives from DbContext, which is what turns on the EF Code First features. It holds a DbSet for each entity. Think of DbSet as a simple List, but with Entity Framework features turned on.   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ // <auto-generated> // This code was generated from a template. // // Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if // the code is regenerated. // </auto-generated> //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ namespace EF_CodeFirst_From_Existing_Database.Models { using System; using System.Data.Entity; public partial class Entities : DbContext { public Entities() : base("name=Entities") { } public DbSet<Album> Albums { get; set; } public DbSet<Artist> Artists { get; set; } public DbSet<Cart> Carts { get; set; } public DbSet<Genre> Genres { get; set; } public DbSet<OrderDetail> OrderDetails { get; set; } public DbSet<Order> Orders { get; set; } } } It's a pretty lightweight class as generated, so I just took out the comments, set the namespace, removed the constructor, and formatted it a bit. Done. If I wanted, though, I could have added or removed DbSets, overridden conventions, etc. using System.Data.Entity; namespace MvcMusicStore.Models { public class MusicStoreEntities : DbContext { public DbSet Albums { get; set; } public DbSet Genres { get; set; } public DbSet Artists { get; set; } public DbSet Carts { get; set; } public DbSet Orders { get; set; } public DbSet OrderDetails { get; set; } } } Next, it's time to look at the individual classes. Some of mine were pretty simple - for the Cart class, I just need to remove the header and clean up the namespace. //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ // // This code was generated from a template. // // Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if // the code is regenerated. // //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ namespace EF_CodeFirst_From_Existing_Database.Models { using System; using System.Collections.Generic; public partial class Cart { // Primitive properties public int RecordId { get; set; } public string CartId { get; set; } public int AlbumId { get; set; } public int Count { get; set; } public System.DateTime DateCreated { get; set; } // Navigation properties public virtual Album Album { get; set; } } } I did a bit more customization on the Album class. Here's what was generated: //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ // // This code was generated from a template. // // Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if // the code is regenerated. // //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ namespace EF_CodeFirst_From_Existing_Database.Models { using System; using System.Collections.Generic; public partial class Album { public Album() { this.Carts = new HashSet(); this.OrderDetails = new HashSet(); } // Primitive properties public int AlbumId { get; set; } public int GenreId { get; set; } public int ArtistId { get; set; } public string Title { get; set; } public decimal Price { get; set; } public string AlbumArtUrl { get; set; } // Navigation properties public virtual Artist Artist { get; set; } public virtual Genre Genre { get; set; } public virtual ICollection Carts { get; set; } public virtual ICollection OrderDetails { get; set; } } } I removed the header, changed the namespace, and removed some of the navigation properties. One nice thing about EF Code First is that you don't have to have a property for each database column or foreign key. In the Music Store sample, for instance, we build the app up using code first and start with just a few columns, adding in fields and navigation properties as the application needs them. EF Code First handles the columsn we've told it about and doesn't complain about the others. Here's the basic class: using System.ComponentModel; using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace MvcMusicStore.Models { public class Album { public int AlbumId { get; set; } public int GenreId { get; set; } public int ArtistId { get; set; } public string Title { get; set; } public decimal Price { get; set; } public string AlbumArtUrl { get; set; } public virtual Genre Genre { get; set; } public virtual Artist Artist { get; set; } public virtual List OrderDetails { get; set; } } } It's my class, not Entity Framework's, so I'm free to do what I want with it. I added a bunch of MVC 3 annotations for scaffolding and validation support, as shown below: using System.ComponentModel; using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace MvcMusicStore.Models { [Bind(Exclude = "AlbumId")] public class Album { [ScaffoldColumn(false)] public int AlbumId { get; set; } [DisplayName("Genre")] public int GenreId { get; set; } [DisplayName("Artist")] public int ArtistId { get; set; } [Required(ErrorMessage = "An Album Title is required")] [StringLength(160)] public string Title { get; set; } [Required(ErrorMessage = "Price is required")] [Range(0.01, 100.00, ErrorMessage = "Price must be between 0.01 and 100.00")] public decimal Price { get; set; } [DisplayName("Album Art URL")] [StringLength(1024)] public string AlbumArtUrl { get; set; } public virtual Genre Genre { get; set; } public virtual Artist Artist { get; set; } public virtual List<OrderDetail> OrderDetails { get; set; } } } The end result was that I had working EF Code First model code for the finished application. You can follow along through the tutorial to see how I built up to the finished model classes, starting with simple 2-3 property classes and building up to the full working schema. Thanks to Diego Vega (on the Entity Framework team) for pointing me to the DbContext template.

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• Loosely coupled .NET Cache Provider using Dependency Injection

  - by Rhames

  I have recently been reading the excellent book “Dependency Injection in .NET”, written by Mark Seemann. I do not generally buy software development related books, as I never seem to have the time to read them, but I have found the time to read Mark’s book, and it was time well spent I think. Reading the ideas around Dependency Injection made me realise that the Cache Provider code I wrote about earlier (see http://geekswithblogs.net/Rhames/archive/2011/01/10/using-the-asp.net-cache-to-cache-data-in-a-model.aspx) could be refactored to use Dependency Injection, which should produce cleaner code. The goals are to: Separate the cache provider implementation (using the ASP.NET data cache) from the consumers (loose coupling). This will also mean that the dependency on System.Web for the cache provider does not ripple down into the layers where it is being consumed (such as the domain layer). Provide a decorator pattern to allow a consumer of the cache provider to be implemented separately from the base consumer (i.e. if we have a base repository, we can decorate this with a caching version). Although I used the term repository, in reality the cache consumer could be just about anything. Use constructor injection to provide the Dependency Injection, with a suitable DI container (I use Castle Windsor). The sample code for this post is available on github, https://github.com/RobinHames/CacheProvider.git ICacheProvider In the sample code, the key interface is ICacheProvider, which is in the domain layer. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3:   4: namespace CacheDiSample.Domain 5: { 6: public interface ICacheProvider<T> 7: { 8: T Fetch(string key, Func<T> retrieveData, DateTime? absoluteExpiry, TimeSpan? relativeExpiry); 9: IEnumerable<T> Fetch(string key, Func<IEnumerable<T>> retrieveData, DateTime? absoluteExpiry, TimeSpan? relativeExpiry); 10: } 11: }   This interface contains two methods to retrieve data from the cache, either as a single instance or as an IEnumerable. the second paramerter is of type Func<T>. This is the method used to retrieve data if nothing is found in the cache. The ASP.NET implementation of the ICacheProvider interface needs to live in a project that has a reference to system.web, typically this will be the root UI project, or it could be a separate project. The key thing is that the domain or data access layers do not need system.web references adding to them. In my sample MVC application, the CacheProvider is implemented in the UI project, in a folder called “CacheProviders”: 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: using System.Linq; 4: using System.Web; 5: using System.Web.Caching; 6: using CacheDiSample.Domain; 7:   8: namespace CacheDiSample.CacheProvider 9: { 10: public class CacheProvider<T> : ICacheProvider<T> 11: { 12: public T Fetch(string key, Func<T> retrieveData, DateTime? absoluteExpiry, TimeSpan? relativeExpiry) 13: { 14: return FetchAndCache<T>(key, retrieveData, absoluteExpiry, relativeExpiry); 15: } 16:   17: public IEnumerable<T> Fetch(string key, Func<IEnumerable<T>> retrieveData, DateTime? absoluteExpiry, TimeSpan? relativeExpiry) 18: { 19: return FetchAndCache<IEnumerable<T>>(key, retrieveData, absoluteExpiry, relativeExpiry); 20: } 21:   22: #region Helper Methods 23:   24: private U FetchAndCache<U>(string key, Func<U> retrieveData, DateTime? absoluteExpiry, TimeSpan? relativeExpiry) 25: { 26: U value; 27: if (!TryGetValue<U>(key, out value)) 28: { 29: value = retrieveData(); 30: if (!absoluteExpiry.HasValue) 31: absoluteExpiry = Cache.NoAbsoluteExpiration; 32:   33: if (!relativeExpiry.HasValue) 34: relativeExpiry = Cache.NoSlidingExpiration; 35:   36: HttpContext.Current.Cache.Insert(key, value, null, absoluteExpiry.Value, relativeExpiry.Value); 37: } 38: return value; 39: } 40:   41: private bool TryGetValue<U>(string key, out U value) 42: { 43: object cachedValue = HttpContext.Current.Cache.Get(key); 44: if (cachedValue == null) 45: { 46: value = default(U); 47: return false; 48: } 49: else 50: { 51: try 52: { 53: value = (U)cachedValue; 54: return true; 55: } 56: catch 57: { 58: value = default(U); 59: return false; 60: } 61: } 62: } 63:   64: #endregion 65:   66: } 67: }   The FetchAndCache helper method checks if the specified cache key exists, if it does not, the Func<U> retrieveData method is called, and the results are added to the cache. Using Castle Windsor to register the cache provider In the MVC UI project (my application root), Castle Windsor is used to register the CacheProvider implementation, using a Windsor Installer: 1: using Castle.MicroKernel.Registration; 2: using Castle.MicroKernel.SubSystems.Configuration; 3: using Castle.Windsor; 4:   5: using CacheDiSample.Domain; 6: using CacheDiSample.CacheProvider; 7:   8: namespace CacheDiSample.WindsorInstallers 9: { 10: public class CacheInstaller : IWindsorInstaller 11: { 12: public void Install(IWindsorContainer container, IConfigurationStore store) 13: { 14: container.Register( 15: Component.For(typeof(ICacheProvider<>)) 16: .ImplementedBy(typeof(CacheProvider<>)) 17: .LifestyleTransient()); 18: } 19: } 20: }   Note that the cache provider is registered as a open generic type. Consuming a Repository I have an existing couple of repository interfaces defined in my domain layer: IRepository.cs 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3:   4: using CacheDiSample.Domain.Model; 5:   6: namespace CacheDiSample.Domain.Repositories 7: { 8: public interface IRepository<T> 9: where T : EntityBase 10: { 11: T GetById(int id); 12: IList<T> GetAll(); 13: } 14: }   IBlogRepository.cs 1: using System; 2: using CacheDiSample.Domain.Model; 3:   4: namespace CacheDiSample.Domain.Repositories 5: { 6: public interface IBlogRepository : IRepository<Blog> 7: { 8: Blog GetByName(string name); 9: } 10: }   These two repositories are implemented in the DataAccess layer, using Entity Framework to retrieve data (this is not important though). One important point is that in the BaseRepository implementation of IRepository, the methods are virtual. This will allow the decorator to override them. The BlogRepository is registered in a RepositoriesInstaller, again in the MVC UI project. 1: using Castle.MicroKernel.Registration; 2: using Castle.MicroKernel.SubSystems.Configuration; 3: using Castle.Windsor; 4:   5: using CacheDiSample.Domain.CacheDecorators; 6: using CacheDiSample.Domain.Repositories; 7: using CacheDiSample.DataAccess; 8:   9: namespace CacheDiSample.WindsorInstallers 10: { 11: public class RepositoriesInstaller : IWindsorInstaller 12: { 13: public void Install(IWindsorContainer container, IConfigurationStore store) 14: { 15: container.Register(Component.For<IBlogRepository>() 16: .ImplementedBy<BlogRepository>() 17: .LifestyleTransient() 18: .DependsOn(new 19: { 20: nameOrConnectionString = "BloggingContext" 21: })); 22: } 23: } 24: }   Now I can inject a dependency on the IBlogRepository into a consumer, such as a controller in my sample code: 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: using System.Linq; 4: using System.Web; 5: using System.Web.Mvc; 6:   7: using CacheDiSample.Domain.Repositories; 8: using CacheDiSample.Domain.Model; 9:   10: namespace CacheDiSample.Controllers 11: { 12: public class HomeController : Controller 13: { 14: private readonly IBlogRepository blogRepository; 15:   16: public HomeController(IBlogRepository blogRepository) 17: { 18: if (blogRepository == null) 19: throw new ArgumentNullException("blogRepository"); 20:   21: this.blogRepository = blogRepository; 22: } 23:   24: public ActionResult Index() 25: { 26: ViewBag.Message = "Welcome to ASP.NET MVC!"; 27:   28: var blogs = blogRepository.GetAll(); 29:   30: return View(new Models.HomeModel { Blogs = blogs }); 31: } 32:   33: public ActionResult About() 34: { 35: return View(); 36: } 37: } 38: }   Consuming the Cache Provider via a Decorator I used a Decorator pattern to consume the cache provider, this means my repositories follow the open/closed principle, as they do not require any modifications to implement the caching. It also means that my controllers do not have any knowledge of the caching taking place, as the DI container will simply inject the decorator instead of the root implementation of the repository. The first step is to implement a BlogRepository decorator, with the caching logic in it. Note that this can reside in the domain layer, as it does not require any knowledge of the data access methods. BlogRepositoryWithCaching.cs 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: using System.Linq; 4: using System.Text; 5:   6: using CacheDiSample.Domain.Model; 7: using CacheDiSample.Domain; 8: using CacheDiSample.Domain.Repositories; 9:   10: namespace CacheDiSample.Domain.CacheDecorators 11: { 12: public class BlogRepositoryWithCaching : IBlogRepository 13: { 14: // The generic cache provider, injected by DI 15: private ICacheProvider<Blog> cacheProvider; 16: // The decorated blog repository, injected by DI 17: private IBlogRepository parentBlogRepository; 18:   19: public BlogRepositoryWithCaching(IBlogRepository parentBlogRepository, ICacheProvider<Blog> cacheProvider) 20: { 21: if (parentBlogRepository == null) 22: throw new ArgumentNullException("parentBlogRepository"); 23:   24: this.parentBlogRepository = parentBlogRepository; 25:   26: if (cacheProvider == null) 27: throw new ArgumentNullException("cacheProvider"); 28:   29: this.cacheProvider = cacheProvider; 30: } 31:   32: public Blog GetByName(string name) 33: { 34: string key = string.Format("CacheDiSample.DataAccess.GetByName.{0}", name); 35: // hard code 5 minute expiry! 36: TimeSpan relativeCacheExpiry = new TimeSpan(0, 5, 0); 37: return cacheProvider.Fetch(key, () => 38: { 39: return parentBlogRepository.GetByName(name); 40: }, 41: null, relativeCacheExpiry); 42: } 43:   44: public Blog GetById(int id) 45: { 46: string key = string.Format("CacheDiSample.DataAccess.GetById.{0}", id); 47:   48: // hard code 5 minute expiry! 49: TimeSpan relativeCacheExpiry = new TimeSpan(0, 5, 0); 50: return cacheProvider.Fetch(key, () => 51: { 52: return parentBlogRepository.GetById(id); 53: }, 54: null, relativeCacheExpiry); 55: } 56:   57: public IList<Blog> GetAll() 58: { 59: string key = string.Format("CacheDiSample.DataAccess.GetAll"); 60:   61: // hard code 5 minute expiry! 62: TimeSpan relativeCacheExpiry = new TimeSpan(0, 5, 0); 63: return cacheProvider.Fetch(key, () => 64: { 65: return parentBlogRepository.GetAll(); 66: }, 67: null, relativeCacheExpiry) 68: .ToList(); 69: } 70: } 71: }   The key things in this caching repository are: I inject into the repository the ICacheProvider<Blog> implementation, via the constructor. This will make the cache provider functionality available to the repository. I inject the parent IBlogRepository implementation (which has the actual data access code), via the constructor. This will allow the methods implemented in the parent to be called if nothing is found in the cache. I override each of the methods implemented in the repository, including those implemented in the generic BaseRepository. Each override of these methods follows the same pattern. It makes a call to the CacheProvider.Fetch method, and passes in the parentBlogRepository implementation of the method as the retrieval method, to be used if nothing is present in the cache. Configuring the Caching Repository in the DI Container The final piece of the jigsaw is to tell Castle Windsor to use the BlogRepositoryWithCaching implementation of IBlogRepository, but to inject the actual Data Access implementation into this decorator. This is easily achieved by modifying the RepositoriesInstaller to use Windsor’s implicit decorator wiring: 1: using Castle.MicroKernel.Registration; 2: using Castle.MicroKernel.SubSystems.Configuration; 3: using Castle.Windsor; 4:   5: using CacheDiSample.Domain.CacheDecorators; 6: using CacheDiSample.Domain.Repositories; 7: using CacheDiSample.DataAccess; 8:   9: namespace CacheDiSample.WindsorInstallers 10: { 11: public class RepositoriesInstaller : IWindsorInstaller 12: { 13: public void Install(IWindsorContainer container, IConfigurationStore store) 14: { 15:   16: // Use Castle Windsor implicit wiring for the block repository decorator 17: // Register the outermost decorator first 18: container.Register(Component.For<IBlogRepository>() 19: .ImplementedBy<BlogRepositoryWithCaching>() 20: .LifestyleTransient()); 21: // Next register the IBlogRepository inmplementation to inject into the outer decorator 22: container.Register(Component.For<IBlogRepository>() 23: .ImplementedBy<BlogRepository>() 24: .LifestyleTransient() 25: .DependsOn(new 26: { 27: nameOrConnectionString = "BloggingContext" 28: })); 29: } 30: } 31: }   This is all that is needed. Now if the consumer of the repository makes a call to the repositories method, it will be routed via the caching mechanism. You can test this by stepping through the code, and seeing that the DataAccess.BlogRepository code is only called if there is no data in the cache, or this has expired. The next step is to add the SQL Cache Dependency support into this pattern, this will be a future post.

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• Gnome Do not Launching

  - by PyRulez

  When I try running gnome do, I get this. chris@Chris-Ubuntu-Laptop:~$ gnome-do pgrep: invalid user name: -u and it is not writable Trying sudo: chris@Chris-Ubuntu-Laptop:~$ sudo gnome-do [NetworkService] Could not initialize Network Manager dbus: Unable to open the session message bus. [Error 17:54:30.122] [SystemService] Could not initialize dbus: Unable to open the session message bus. (Do:2401): Wnck-CRITICAL **: wnck_set_client_type got called multiple times. (Do:2401): libdo-WARNING **: Binding '<Super>space' failed! [Error 17:54:30.649] [AbstractKeyBindingService] Key "" is already mapped. Tomboy.NotesItemSource "Tomboy Notes" encountered an error in UpdateItems: System.TypeInitializationException: An exception was thrown by the type initializer for Tomboy.TomboyDBus ---> System.Exception: Unable to open the session message bus. ---> System.ArgumentNullException: Argument cannot be null. Parameter name: address at NDesk.DBus.Bus.Open (System.String address) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at NDesk.DBus.Bus.get_Session () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at NDesk.DBus.Bus.get_Session () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Tomboy.TomboyDBus..cctor () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at Tomboy.NotesItemSource.UpdateItems () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Do.Universe.Safe.SafeItemSource.UpdateItems () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 . Firefox.PlacesItemSource "Firefox Places" encountered an error in UpdateItems: System.InvalidCastException: Cannot cast from source type to destination type. at Mono.Data.Sqlite.SqliteDataReader.VerifyType (Int32 i, DbType typ) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Mono.Data.Sqlite.SqliteDataReader.GetString (Int32 i) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Firefox.PlacesItemSource+<LoadPlaceItems>c__Iterator3.MoveNext () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.Collections.Generic.List`1[Firefox.PlaceItem].AddEnumerable (IEnumerable`1 enumerable) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.Collections.Generic.List`1[Firefox.PlaceItem]..ctor (IEnumerable`1 collection) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.Linq.Enumerable.ToArray[PlaceItem] (IEnumerable`1 source) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Firefox.PlacesItemSource.UpdateItems () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Do.Universe.Safe.SafeItemSource.UpdateItems () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 . Do.Universe.Linux.GNOMESpecialLocationsItemSource "GNOME Special Locations" encountered an error in UpdateItems: System.IO.FileNotFoundException: Could not find file "/root/.gtk-bookmarks". File name: '/root/.gtk-bookmarks' at System.IO.FileStream..ctor (System.String path, FileMode mode, FileAccess access, FileShare share, Int32 bufferSize, Boolean anonymous, FileOptions options) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.IO.FileStream..ctor (System.String path, FileMode mode, FileAccess access, FileShare share) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at (wrapper remoting-invoke-with-check) System.IO.FileStream:.ctor (string,System.IO.FileMode,System.IO.FileAccess,System.IO.FileShare) at System.IO.File.OpenRead (System.String path) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.IO.StreamReader..ctor (System.String path, System.Text.Encoding encoding, Boolean detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks, Int32 bufferSize) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.IO.StreamReader..ctor (System.String path) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at (wrapper remoting-invoke-with-check) System.IO.StreamReader:.ctor (string) at Do.Universe.Linux.GNOMESpecialLocationsItemSource+<ReadBookmarkItems>c__Iterator3.MoveNext () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Do.Universe.Linux.GNOMESpecialLocationsItemSource.UpdateItems () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Do.Universe.Safe.SafeItemSource.UpdateItems () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 . ^[^\Full thread dump: "<unnamed thread>" tid=0x0xb7570700 this=0x0x56f18 thread handle 0x403 state : not waiting owns () at (wrapper managed-to-native) Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.read (int,intptr,ulong) <0xffffffff> at Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.read (int,void*,ulong) <0x00023> at Mono.Unix.UnixStream.Read (byte[],int,int) <0x0008b> at NDesk.DBus.Connection.ReadMessage () <0x0003c> at NDesk.DBus.Connection.Iterate () <0x0001b> at NDesk.DBus.BusG/<Init>c__AnonStorey0.<>m__0 (intptr,NDesk.GLib.IOCondition,intptr) <0x00033> at (wrapper native-to-managed) NDesk.DBus.BusG/<Init>c__AnonStorey0.<>m__0 (intptr,NDesk.GLib.IOCondition,intptr) <0xffffffff> at (wrapper managed-to-native) Gtk.Clipboard.gtk_clipboard_wait_is_text_available (intptr) <0xffffffff> at Gtk.Clipboard.WaitIsTextAvailable () <0x00017> at Do.Universe.SelectedTextItem.UpdateSelection (object,System.EventArgs) <0x00027> at Do.Platform.AbstractApplicationService.OnSummoned () <0x00025> at Do.Platform.ApplicationService.<ApplicationService>m__31 (object,System.EventArgs) <0x00013> at Do.Core.Controller.OnSummoned () <0x00025> at Do.Core.Controller.Summon () <0x00027> at Do.Do.Main (string[]) <0x001eb> at (wrapper runtime-invoke) <Module>.runtime_invoke_void_object (object,intptr,intptr,intptr) <0xffffffff> "<unnamed thread>" tid=0x0xb2c81b40 this=0x0x194150 thread handle 0x412 state : interrupted state owns () at (wrapper managed-to-native) System.IO.InotifyWatcher.ReadFromFD (intptr,byte[],intptr) <0xffffffff> at System.IO.InotifyWatcher.Monitor () <0x0005f> at System.Threading.Thread.StartInternal () <0x00057> at (wrapper runtime-invoke) object.runtime_invoke_void__this__ (object,intptr,intptr,intptr) <0xffffffff> "Universe Update Dispatcher" tid=0x0xb29ffb40 this=0x0x569d8 thread handle 0x41b state : interrupted state owns () at (wrapper managed-to-native) System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitOne_internal (System.Threading.WaitHandle,intptr,int,bool) <0xffffffff> at System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitOne (System.TimeSpan,bool) <0x00133> at System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitOne (System.TimeSpan) <0x00022> at Do.Core.UniverseManager.UniverseUpdateLoop () <0x0007a> at System.Threading.Thread.StartInternal () <0x00057> at (wrapper runtime-invoke) object.runtime_invoke_void__this__ (object,intptr,intptr,intptr) <0xffffffff> Tomboy.NotesItemSource "Tomboy Notes" encountered an error in UpdateItems: System.TypeInitializationException: An exception was thrown by the type initializer for Tomboy.TomboyDBus ---> System.Exception: Unable to open the session message bus. ---> System.ArgumentNullException: Argument cannot be null. Parameter name: address at NDesk.DBus.Bus.Open (System.String address) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at NDesk.DBus.Bus.get_Session () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at NDesk.DBus.Bus.get_Session () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Tomboy.TomboyDBus..cctor () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at Tomboy.NotesItemSource.UpdateItems () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Do.Universe.Safe.SafeItemSource.UpdateItems () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 . Firefox.PlacesItemSource "Firefox Places" encountered an error in UpdateItems: System.InvalidCastException: Cannot cast from source type to destination type. at Mono.Data.Sqlite.SqliteDataReader.VerifyType (Int32 i, DbType typ) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Mono.Data.Sqlite.SqliteDataReader.GetString (Int32 i) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Firefox.PlacesItemSource+<LoadPlaceItems>c__Iterator3.MoveNext () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.Collections.Generic.List`1[Firefox.PlaceItem].AddEnumerable (IEnumerable`1 enumerable) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.Collections.Generic.List`1[Firefox.PlaceItem]..ctor (IEnumerable`1 collection) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.Linq.Enumerable.ToArray[PlaceItem] (IEnumerable`1 source) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Firefox.PlacesItemSource.UpdateItems () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Do.Universe.Safe.SafeItemSource.UpdateItems () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 . Do.Universe.Linux.GNOMESpecialLocationsItemSource "GNOME Special Locations" encountered an error in UpdateItems: System.IO.FileNotFoundException: Could not find file "/root/.gtk-bookmarks". File name: '/root/.gtk-bookmarks' at System.IO.FileStream..ctor (System.String path, FileMode mode, FileAccess access, FileShare share, Int32 bufferSize, Boolean anonymous, FileOptions options) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.IO.FileStream..ctor (System.String path, FileMode mode, FileAccess access, FileShare share) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at (wrapper remoting-invoke-with-check) System.IO.FileStream:.ctor (string,System.IO.FileMode,System.IO.FileAccess,System.IO.FileShare) at System.IO.File.OpenRead (System.String path) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.IO.StreamReader..ctor (System.String path, System.Text.Encoding encoding, Boolean detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks, Int32 bufferSize) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.IO.StreamReader..ctor (System.String path) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at (wrapper remoting-invoke-with-check) System.IO.StreamReader:.ctor (string) at Do.Universe.Linux.GNOMESpecialLocationsItemSource+<ReadBookmarkItems>c__Iterator3.MoveNext () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Do.Universe.Linux.GNOMESpecialLocationsItemSource.UpdateItems () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Do.Universe.Safe.SafeItemSource.UpdateItems () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 . It stops when I try my key combination, ctrl-alt-. It does not pop up though.

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• implement N-Tier Entity Framework 4.0 with DTOs

  - by kathy

  Hi, I'm currently building a web based system and trying to implement N-Tier Entity Framework 4.0 with DTOs in a SOA Architecture. I am having a problem understanding how I should implement the Data Access Layer (DAL) , the Business Logic Layer (BLL) and the Presentation Layer. Let’s suppose that I have a “useraccount” entity has the following : Id FirstName LastName AuditFields_InsertDate AuditFields_UpdateDate In the DAL I created a class “UserAccountsData.cs” as the following : using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace OrderSystemDAL { public static class UserAccountsData { public static int Insert(string firstName, string lastName, DateTime insertDate) { using (OrderSystemEntities db = new OrderSystemEntities()) { return Insert(db, firstName, lastName, insertDate); } } public static int Insert(OrderSystemEntities db, string firstName, string lastName, DateTime insertDate) { return db.UserAccounts_Insert(firstName, lastName, insertDate, insertDate).ElementAt(0).Value; } public static void Update(int id, string firstName, string lastName, DateTime updateDate) { using (OrderSystemEntities db = new OrderSystemEntities()) { Update(db, id, firstName, lastName, updateDate); } } public static void Update(OrderSystemEntities db, int id, string firstName, string lastName, DateTime updateDate) { db.UserAccounts_Update(id, firstName, lastName, updateDate); } public static void Delete(int id) { using (OrderSystemEntities db = new OrderSystemEntities()) { Delete(db, id); } } public static void Delete(OrderSystemEntities db, int id) { db.UserAccounts_Delete(id); } public static UserAccount SelectById(int id) { using (OrderSystemEntities db = new OrderSystemEntities()) { return SelectById(db, id); } } public static UserAccount SelectById(OrderSystemEntities db, int id) { return db.UserAccounts_SelectById(id).ElementAtOrDefault(0); } public static List<UserAccount> SelectAll() { using (OrderSystemEntities db = new OrderSystemEntities()) { return SelectAll(db); } } public static List<UserAccount> SelectAll(OrderSystemEntities db) { return db.UserAccounts_SelectAll().ToList(); } } } And in the BLL I created a class “UserAccountEO.cs” as the following : using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Collections; using OrderSystemDAL; namespace OrderSystemBLL { public class UserAccountEO { public int Id { get; set; } public string FirstName { get; set; } public string LastName { get; set; } public DateTime InsertDate { get; set; } public DateTime UpdateDate { get; set; } public string FullName { get { return LastName + ", " + FirstName; } } public bool Save(ref ArrayList validationErrors) { ValidateSave(ref validationErrors); if (validationErrors.Count == 0) { if (Id == 0) { Id = UserAccountsData.Insert(FirstName, LastName, DateTime.Now); } else { UserAccountsData.Update(Id, FirstName, LastName, DateTime.Now); } return true; } else { return false; } } private void ValidateSave(ref ArrayList validationErrors) { if (FirstName.Trim() == "") { validationErrors.Add("The First Name is required."); } if (LastName.Trim() == "") { validationErrors.Add("The Last Name is required."); } } public void Delete(ref ArrayList validationErrors) { ValidateDelete(ref validationErrors); if (validationErrors.Count == 0) { UserAccountsData.Delete(Id); } } private void ValidateDelete(ref ArrayList validationErrors) { //Check for referential integrity. } public bool Select(int id) { UserAccount userAccount = UserAccountsData.SelectById(id); if (userAccount != null) { MapData(userAccount); return true; } else { return false; } } internal void MapData(UserAccount userAccount) { Id = userAccount.Id; FirstName = userAccount.FristName; LastName = userAccount.LastName; InsertDate = userAccount.AuditFields_InsertDate; UpdateDate = userAccount.AuditFields_UpdateDate; } public static List<UserAccountEO> SelectAll() { List<UserAccountEO> userAccounts = new List<UserAccountEO>(); List<UserAccount> userAccountDTOs = UserAccountsData.SelectAll(); foreach (UserAccount userAccountDTO in userAccountDTOs) { UserAccountEO userAccountEO = new UserAccountEO(); userAccountEO.MapData(userAccountDTO); userAccounts.Add(userAccountEO); } return userAccounts; } } } And in the PL I created a webpage as the following : using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.UI; using System.Web.UI.WebControls; using OrderSystemBLL; using System.Collections; namespace OrderSystemUI { public partial class Users : System.Web.UI.Page { protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (!IsPostBack) { LoadUserDropDownList(); } } private void LoadUserDropDownList() { ddlUsers.DataSource = UserAccountEO.SelectAll(); ddlUsers.DataTextField = "FullName"; ddlUsers.DataValueField = "Id"; ddlUsers.DataBind(); } } } Is the above way the right way to Implement the DTOs pattern in n-tier Architecture using EF4 ??? I would appreciate your help Thanks.

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• Python hashable dicts

  - by TokenMacGuy

  As an exercise, and mostly for my own amusement, I'm implementing a backtracking packrat parser. The inspiration for this is i'd like to have a better idea about how hygenic macros would work in an algol-like language (as apposed to the syntax free lisp dialects you normally find them in). Because of this, different passes through the input might see different grammars, so cached parse results are invalid, unless I also store the current version of the grammar along with the cached parse results. (EDIT: a consequence of this use of key-value collections is that they should be immutable, but I don't intend to expose the interface to allow them to be changed, so either mutable or immutable collections are fine) The problem is that python dicts cannot appear as keys to other dicts. Even using a tuple (as I'd be doing anyways) doesn't help. >>> cache = {} >>> rule = {"foo":"bar"} >>> cache[(rule, "baz")] = "quux" Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: unhashable type: 'dict' >>> I guess it has to be tuples all the way down. Now the python standard library provides approximately what i'd need, collections.namedtuple has a very different syntax, but can be used as a key. continuing from above session: >>> from collections import namedtuple >>> Rule = namedtuple("Rule",rule.keys()) >>> cache[(Rule(**rule), "baz")] = "quux" >>> cache {(Rule(foo='bar'), 'baz'): 'quux'} Ok. But I have to make a class for each possible combination of keys in the rule I would want to use, which isn't so bad, because each parse rule knows exactly what parameters it uses, so that class can be defined at the same time as the function that parses the rule. But combining the rules together is much more dynamic. In particular, I'd like a simple way to have rules override other rules, but collections.namedtuple has no analogue to dict.update(). Edit: An additional problem with namedtuples is that they are strictly positional. Two tuples that look like they should be different can in fact be the same: >>> you = namedtuple("foo",["bar","baz"]) >>> me = namedtuple("foo",["bar","quux"]) >>> you(bar=1,baz=2) == me(bar=1,quux=2) True >>> bob = namedtuple("foo",["baz","bar"]) >>> you(bar=1,baz=2) == bob(bar=1,baz=2) False tl'dr: How do I get dicts that can be used as keys to other dicts? Having hacked a bit on the answers, here's the more complete solution I'm using. Note that this does a bit extra work to make the resulting dicts vaguely immutable for practical purposes. Of course it's still quite easy to hack around it by calling dict.__setitem__(instance, key, value) but we're all adults here. class hashdict(dict): """ hashable dict implementation, suitable for use as a key into other dicts. >>> h1 = hashdict({"apples": 1, "bananas":2}) >>> h2 = hashdict({"bananas": 3, "mangoes": 5}) >>> h1+h2 hashdict(apples=1, bananas=3, mangoes=5) >>> d1 = {} >>> d1[h1] = "salad" >>> d1[h1] 'salad' >>> d1[h2] Traceback (most recent call last): ... KeyError: hashdict(bananas=3, mangoes=5) based on answers from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1151658/python-hashable-dicts """ def __key(self): return tuple(sorted(self.items())) def __repr__(self): return "{0}({1})".format(self.__class__.__name__, ", ".join("{0}={1}".format( str(i[0]),repr(i[1])) for i in self.__key())) def __hash__(self): return hash(self.__key()) def __setitem__(self, key, value): raise TypeError("{0} does not support item assignment" .format(self.__class__.__name__)) def __delitem__(self, key): raise TypeError("{0} does not support item assignment" .format(self.__class__.__name__)) def clear(self): raise TypeError("{0} does not support item assignment" .format(self.__class__.__name__)) def pop(self, *args, **kwargs): raise TypeError("{0} does not support item assignment" .format(self.__class__.__name__)) def popitem(self, *args, **kwargs): raise TypeError("{0} does not support item assignment" .format(self.__class__.__name__)) def setdefault(self, *args, **kwargs): raise TypeError("{0} does not support item assignment" .format(self.__class__.__name__)) def update(self, *args, **kwargs): raise TypeError("{0} does not support item assignment" .format(self.__class__.__name__)) def __add__(self, right): result = hashdict(self) dict.update(result, right) return result if __name__ == "__main__": import doctest doctest.testmod()

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• removeFirst and addLast methods of LinkedList Class are Unknown

  - by user318068

  I have a problem with my code in C# . if i click in compiler button , I get the following errors 'System.Collections.Generic.LinkedList<int?>' does not contain a definition for 'removeFirst' and no extension method 'removeFirst' accepting a first argument of type 'System.Collections.Generic.LinkedList<int?>' could be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?). and 'System.Collections.Generic.LinkedList<Hanoi_tower.Sol>' does not contain a definition for 'addLast' and no extension method 'addLast' accepting a first argument of type 'System.Collections.Generic.LinkedList<Hanoi_tower.Sol>' could be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?) This is my program using System.; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace Hanoi_tower { public class Sol { public LinkedList<int?> tower1 = new LinkedList<int?>(); public LinkedList<int?> tower2 =new LinkedList<int?>(); public LinkedList<int?> tower3 =new LinkedList<int?>(); public int depth; public LinkedList<Sol> neighbors; public Sol(LinkedList<int?> tower1, LinkedList<int?> tower2, LinkedList<int?> tower3) { this.tower1 = tower1; this.tower2 = tower2; this.tower3 = tower3; neighbors = new LinkedList<Sol>(); } public virtual void getneighbors() { Sol temp = this.copy(); Sol neighbor1 = this.copy(); Sol neighbor2 = this.copy(); Sol neighbor3 = this.copy(); Sol neighbor4 = this.copy(); Sol neighbor5 = this.copy(); Sol neighbor6 = this.copy(); if (temp.tower1.Count != 0) { if (neighbor1.tower2.Count != 0) { if (neighbor1.tower1.First.Value < neighbor1.tower2.First.Value) { neighbor1.tower2.AddFirst(neighbor1.tower1.RemoveFirst); neighbors.AddLast(neighbor1); } } else { neighbor1.tower2.AddFirst(neighbor1.tower1.RemoveFirst()); neighbors.AddLast(neighbor1); } if (neighbor2.tower3.Count != 0) { if (neighbor2.tower1.First.Value < neighbor2.tower3.First.Value) { neighbor2.tower3.AddFirst(neighbor2.tower1.RemoveFirst()); neighbors.AddLast(neighbor2); } } else { neighbor2.tower3.AddFirst(neighbor2.tower1.RemoveFirst()); neighbors.AddLast(neighbor2); } } //------------- if (temp.tower2.Count != 0) { if (neighbor3.tower1.Count != 0) { if (neighbor3.tower2.First.Value < neighbor3.tower1.First.Value) { neighbor3.tower1.AddFirst(neighbor3.tower2.RemoveFirst()); neighbors.AddLast(neighbor3); } } else { neighbor3.tower1.AddFirst(neighbor3.tower2.RemoveFirst()); neighbors.AddLast(neighbor3); } if (neighbor4.tower3.Count != 0) { if (neighbor4.tower2.First.Value < neighbor4.tower3.First.Value) { neighbor4.tower3.AddFirst(neighbor4.tower2.RemoveFirst()); neighbors.AddLast(neighbor4); } } else { neighbor4.tower3.AddFirst(neighbor4.tower2.RemoveFirst()); neighbors.AddLast(neighbor4); } } //------------------------ if (temp.tower3.Count() != 0) { if (neighbor5.tower1.Count() != 0) { if(neighbor5.tower3.ElementAtOrDefault() < neighbor5.tower1.ElementAtOrDefault()) { neighbor5.tower1.AddFirst(neighbor5.tower3.RemoveFirst()); neighbors.AddLast(neighbor5); } } else { neighbor5.tower1.AddFirst(neighbor5.tower3.RemoveFirst()); neighbors.AddLast(neighbor5); } if (neighbor6.tower2.Count() != 0) { if(neighbor6.tower3.element() < neighbor6.tower2.element()) { neighbor6.tower2.addFirst(neighbor6.tower3.removeFirst()); neighbors.addLast(neighbor6); } } else { neighbor6.tower2.addFirst(neighbor6.tower3.removeFirst()); neighbors.addLast(neighbor6); } } } public override string ToString() { string str; str="tower1"+ tower1.ToString() + " tower2" + tower2.ToString() + " tower3" + tower3.ToString(); return str; } public Sol copy() { Sol So; LinkedList<int> l1= new LinkedList<int>(); LinkedList<int> l2=new LinkedList<int>(); LinkedList<int> l3 = new LinkedList<int>(); for(int i=0;i<=this.tower1.Count() -1;i++) { l1.AddLast(tower1.get(i)); } for(int i=0;i<=this.tower2.size()-1;i++) { l2.addLast(tower2.get(i)); } for(int i=0;i<=this.tower3.size()-1;i++) { l3.addLast(tower3.get(i)); } So = new Sol(l1, l2, l3); return So; } public bool Equals(Sol sol) { if (this.tower1.Equals(sol.tower1) & this.tower2.Equals(sol.tower2) & this.tower3.Equals(sol.tower3)) return true; return false; } public virtual bool containedin(Stack<Sol> vec) { bool found =false; for(int i=0;i<= vec.Count-1;i++) { if(vec.get(i).tower1.Equals(this.tower1) && vec.get(i).tower2.Equals(this.tower2) && vec.get(i).tower3.Equals(this.tower3)) { found=true; break; } } return found; } } }

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• OWB 11gR2 - Find and Search Metadata in Designer

  - by David Allan

  Here are some tools and techniques for finding objects, specifically in the design repository. There are ways of navigating and collating objects that are useful for day to day development and build-time usage - this includes features out of the box and utilities constructed on top. There are a variety of techniques to navigate and find objects in the repository, the first 3 are out of the box, the 4th is an expert utility. Navigating by the tree, grouping by project and module - ok if you are aware of the exact module/folder that objects reside in. The structure panel is a useful way of finding parts of an object, especially when large rather than using the canvas. In large scale projects it helps to have accelerators (either find or collections below). Advanced find to search by name - 11gR2 included a find capability specifically for large scale projects. There were improvements in both the tree search and the object editors (including highlighting in mapping for example). So you can now do regular expression based search and quickly navigate to objects within a repository. Collections - logically organize your objects into virtual folders by shortcutting the actual objects. This is useful for a range of things since all the OWB services operate on collections too (export/import, validation, deployment). See the post here for new collection functionality in 11gR2. Reports for searching by type, updated on, updated by etc. Useful for activities such as periodic incremental actions (deploy all mappings changed in the past week). The report style view is useful since I can quickly see who changed what and when. You can see all the audit details for objects within each objects property inspector, but its useful to just get all objects changed today or example, all objects changed since my last build etc. This utility combines both UI extensions via experts and the public views on the repository. In the figure to the right you see the contextual option 'Object Search' which invokes the utility, you can see I have quite a number of modules within my project. Figure out all the potential objects which have been changed is not simple. The utility is an expert which provides this kind of search capability. The utility provides a report of the objects in the design repository which satisfy some filter criteria. The type of criteria includes; objects updated in the last n days optionally filter the objects updated by user filter the user by project and by type (table/mappings etc.) The search dialog appears with these options, you can multi-select the object types, so for example you can select TABLE and MAPPING. Its also possible to search across projects if need be. If you have multiple users using the repository you can define the OWB user name in the 'Updated by' property to restrict the report to just that user also. Finally there is a search name that will be used for some of the options such as building a collection - this name is used for the collection to be built. In the example I have done, I've just searched my project for all process flows and mappings that users have updated in the last 7 days. The results of the query are returned in a table containing the object names, types, full path and audit details. The columns are sort-able, you can sort the results by name, type, path etc. One of the cool things here, is that you can then perform operations on these objects - such as edit them, export single selection or entire results to MDL, create a collection from the results (now you have a saved set of references in the repository, you could do deploy/export etc.), create a deployment script from the results...or even add in your own ideas! You see from this that you can do bulk operations on sets of objects based on search results. So for example selecting the 'Build Collection' option creates a collection with all of the objects from my search, you can subsequently deploy/generate/maintain this collection of objects. Under the hood of the expert if just basic OMB commands from the product and the use of the public views on the design repository. You can see how easy it is to build up macro-like capabilities that will help you do day-to-day as well as build like tasks on sets of objects.

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• Tuple in C# 4.0

  - by Jalpesh P. Vadgama

  C# 4.0 language includes a new feature called Tuple. Tuple provides us a way of grouping elements of different data type. That enables us to use it a lots places at practical world like we can store a coordinates of graphs etc. In C# 4.0 we can create Tuple with Create method. This Create method offer 8 overload like following. So you can group maximum 8 data types with a Tuple. Followings are overloads of a data type. Create(T1)- Which represents a tuple of size 1 Create(T1,T2)- Which represents a tuple of size 2 Create(T1,T2,T3) – Which represents a tuple of size 3 Create(T1,T2,T3,T4) – Which represents a tuple of size 4 Create(T1,T2,T3,T4,T5) – Which represents a tuple of size 5 Create(T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6) – Which represents a tuple of size 6 Create(T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7) – Which represents a tuple of size 7 Create(T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8) – Which represents a tuple of size 8 Following are some example code for tuple. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace TupleExample { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var tuple = System.Tuple.Create<string, string, string>("Jalpesh", "P", "Vadgama"); Console.WriteLine(tuple); var t = System.Tuple.Create<int, string>(1, "Jalpesh"); Console.WriteLine(t); } } } Following is a output of above as expected. You can also access values insides Tuple with ItemN property. Where N represents particular number of item in tuple. Following is an example of it. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace TupleExample { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var tuple = System.Tuple.Create<string, string, string>("Jalpesh", "P", "Vadgama"); Console.WriteLine(tuple.Item1); Console.WriteLine(tuple.Item2); Console.WriteLine(tuple.Item3); } } } Here you can see I have printed items with Item1,Item2 and Item3 . Following is the output of above code.   Even we can create a nested tuple also following is code for nested tuple. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace TupleExample { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var tuple = System.Tuple.Create(1,"Jalpesh",new Tuple<string,string>("P","Vadgama")); Console.WriteLine(tuple.Item1); Console.WriteLine(tuple.Item2); Console.WriteLine(tuple.Item3); } } } Following is a output above code as expected. As you can see there are unlimited possibilities we can do lots of things with Tuple. Hope you liked it. Stay tuned for more. Till then Happy Programming!!

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• Activation Error while testing Exception Handling Application Block

  - by CletusLoomis

  I'm getting the following error while testing my EHAB implementation: {"Activation error occured while trying to get instance of type ExceptionPolicyImpl, key "LogPolicy""} System.Exception Stack Trace: StackTrace " at Microsoft.Practices.ServiceLocation.ServiceLocatorImplBase.GetInstance(Type serviceType, String key) in c:\Home\Chris\Projects\CommonServiceLocator\main\Microsoft.Practices.ServiceLocation\ServiceLocatorImplBase.cs:line 53 at Microsoft.Practices.ServiceLocation.ServiceLocatorImplBase.GetInstance[TService](String key) in c:\Home\Chris\Projects\CommonServiceLocator\main\Microsoft.Practices.ServiceLocation\ServiceLocatorImplBase.cs:line 103 at Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.ExceptionPolicy.GetExceptionPolicy(Exception exception, String policyName) in e:\Builds\EntLib\Latest\Source\Blocks\ExceptionHandling\Src\ExceptionHandling\ExceptionPolicy.cs:line 131 at Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.ExceptionPolicy.HandleException(Exception exceptionToHandle, String policyName) in e:\Builds\EntLib\Latest\Source\Blocks\ExceptionHandling\Src\ExceptionHandling\ExceptionPolicy.cs:line 55 at Blackbox.Exception.ExceptionMain.LogException(Exception pException) in C:_Work_Black Box\Blackbox.Exception\ExceptionMain.vb:line 14 at BlackBox.Business.BusinessMain.TestExceptionHandling() in C:_Work_Black Box\BlackBox.Business\BusinessMain.vb:line 16 at Blackbox.Service.Service1.TestExceptionHandling() in C:_Work_Black Box\Blackbox.Service\Service.svc.vb:line 43" String Inner Exception: InnerException {"Resolution of the dependency failed, type = "Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.ExceptionPolicyImpl", name = "LogPolicy". Exception occurred while: Calling constructor Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.TraceListeners.FormattedEventLogTraceListener(System.String source, System.String log, System.String machineName, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Formatters.ILogFormatter formatter). Exception is: ArgumentException - Event log names must consist of printable characters and cannot contain \, *, ?, or spaces At the time of the exception, the container was: Resolving Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.ExceptionPolicyImpl,LogPolicy Resolving parameter "policyEntries" of constructor Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.ExceptionPolicyImpl(System.String policyName, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable1[[Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.ExceptionPolicyEntry, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling, Version=5.0.414.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35]] policyEntries) Resolving Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.ExceptionPolicyEntry,LogPolicy.All Exceptions Resolving parameter "handlers" of constructor Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.ExceptionPolicyEntry(System.Type exceptionType, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.PostHandlingAction postHandlingAction, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable1[[Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.IExceptionHandler, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling, Version=5.0.414.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35]] handlers, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.Instrumentation.IExceptionHandlingInstrumentationProvider instrumentationProvider) Resolving Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.Logging.LoggingExceptionHandler,LogPolicy.All Exceptions.Logging Exception Handler (mapped from Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.IExceptionHandler, LogPolicy.All Exceptions.Logging Exception Handler) Resolving parameter "writer" of constructor Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.Logging.LoggingExceptionHandler(System.String logCategory, System.Int32 eventId, System.Diagnostics.TraceEventType severity, System.String title, System.Int32 priority, System.Type formatterType, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.LogWriter writer) Resolving Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.LogWriterImpl,LogWriter.default (mapped from Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.LogWriter, (none)) Resolving parameter "structureHolder" of constructor Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.LogWriterImpl(Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.LogWriterStructureHolder structureHolder, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Instrumentation.ILoggingInstrumentationProvider instrumentationProvider, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.ILoggingUpdateCoordinator updateCoordinator) Resolving Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.LogWriterStructureHolder,LogWriterStructureHolder.default (mapped from Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.LogWriterStructureHolder, (none)) Resolving parameter "traceSources" of constructor Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.LogWriterStructureHolder(System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable1[[Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Filters.ILogFilter, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging, Version=5.0.414.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35]] filters, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable1[[System.String, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]] traceSourceNames, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable1[[Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.LogSource, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging, Version=5.0.414.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35]] traceSources, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.LogSource allEventsTraceSource, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.LogSource notProcessedTraceSource, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.LogSource errorsTraceSource, System.String defaultCategory, System.Boolean tracingEnabled, System.Boolean logWarningsWhenNoCategoriesMatch, System.Boolean revertImpersonation) Resolving Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.LogSource,General Resolving parameter "traceListeners" of constructor Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.LogSource(System.String name, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable1[[System.Diagnostics.TraceListener, System, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]] traceListeners, System.Diagnostics.SourceLevels level, System.Boolean autoFlush, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Instrumentation.ILoggingInstrumentationProvider instrumentationProvider) Resolving Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.TraceListeners.ReconfigurableTraceListenerWrapper,Event Log Listener (mapped from System.Diagnostics.TraceListener, Event Log Listener) Resolving parameter "wrappedTraceListener" of constructor Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.TraceListeners.ReconfigurableTraceListenerWrapper(System.Diagnostics.TraceListener wrappedTraceListener, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.ILoggingUpdateCoordinator coordinator) Resolving Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.TraceListeners.FormattedEventLogTraceListener,Event Log Listener?implementation (mapped from System.Diagnostics.TraceListener, Event Log Listener?implementation) Calling constructor Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.TraceListeners.FormattedEventLogTraceListener(System.String source, System.String log, System.String machineName, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Formatters.ILogFormatter formatter) "} System.Exception My web.config is as follows: <?xml version="1.0"?> <configuration> <configSections> <section name="loggingConfiguration" type="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Configuration.LoggingSettings, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging, Version=5.0.414.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" requirePermission="true" /> <section name="exceptionHandling" type="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.Configuration.ExceptionHandlingSettings, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling, Version=5.0.414.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" requirePermission="true" /> </configSections> <loggingConfiguration name="" tracingEnabled="true" defaultCategory="General"> <listeners> <add name="Event Log Listener" type="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.TraceListeners.FormattedEventLogTraceListener, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging, Version=5.0.414.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" listenerDataType="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Configuration.FormattedEventLogTraceListenerData, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging, Version=5.0.414.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" source="Enterprise Library Logging" formatter="Text Formatter" log="C:\Blackbox.log" machineName="." traceOutputOptions="LogicalOperationStack, DateTime, Timestamp, Callstack" /> </listeners> <formatters> <add type="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Formatters.TextFormatter, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging, Version=5.0.414.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" template="Timestamp: {timestamp}{newline}&#xA;Message: {message}{newline}&#xA;Category: {category}{newline}&#xA;Priority: {priority}{newline}&#xA;EventId: {eventid}{newline}&#xA;Severity: {severity}{newline}&#xA;Title:{title}{newline}&#xA;Machine: {localMachine}{newline}&#xA;App Domain: {localAppDomain}{newline}&#xA;ProcessId: {localProcessId}{newline}&#xA;Process Name: {localProcessName}{newline}&#xA;Thread Name: {threadName}{newline}&#xA;Win32 ThreadId:{win32ThreadId}{newline}&#xA;Extended Properties: {dictionary({key} - {value}{newline})}" name="Text Formatter" /> </formatters> <categorySources> <add switchValue="All" name="General"> <listeners> <add name="Event Log Listener" /> </listeners> </add> </categorySources> <specialSources> <allEvents switchValue="All" name="All Events" /> <notProcessed switchValue="All" name="Unprocessed Category" /> <errors switchValue="All" name="Logging Errors &amp; Warnings"> <listeners> <add name="Event Log Listener" /> </listeners> </errors> </specialSources> </loggingConfiguration> <exceptionHandling> <exceptionPolicies> <add name="LogPolicy"> <exceptionTypes> <add name="All Exceptions" type="System.Exception, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" postHandlingAction="NotifyRethrow"> <exceptionHandlers> <add name="Logging Exception Handler" type="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.Logging.LoggingExceptionHandler, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.Logging, Version=5.0.414.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" logCategory="General" eventId="100" severity="Error" title="Enterprise Library Exception Handling" formatterType="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.TextExceptionFormatter, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling" priority="0" /> </exceptionHandlers> </add> </exceptionTypes> </add> <add name="WcfExceptionShielding"> <exceptionTypes> <add name="InvalidOperationException" type="System.InvalidOperationException, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" postHandlingAction="ThrowNewException"> <exceptionHandlers> <add type="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.WCF.FaultContractExceptionHandler, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.WCF, Version=5.0.414.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" exceptionMessageResourceType="" exceptionMessageResourceName="This is the message" exceptionMessage="This is the exception" faultContractType="Blackbox.Service.WCFFault, Blackbox.Service, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null" name="Fault Contract Exception Handler"> <mappings> <add source="{Guid}" name="Id" /> <add source="{Message}" name="MessageText" /> </mappings> </add> </exceptionHandlers> </add> </exceptionTypes> </add> </exceptionPolicies> </exceptionHandling> <connectionStrings> <add name="CompassEntities" connectionString="metadata=~\bin\CompassModel.csdl|~\bin\CompassModel.ssdl|~\bin\CompassModel.msl;provider=Devart.Data.Oracle;provider connection string=&quot;User Id=foo;Password=foo;Server=foo64mo;Home=OraClient11g_home1;Persist Security Info=True&quot;" providerName="System.Data.EntityClient" /> <add name="BlackboxEntities" connectionString="metadata=~\bin\BlackboxModel.csdl|~\bin\BlackboxModel.ssdl|~\bin\BlackboxModel.msl;provider=System.Data.SqlClient;provider connection string=&quot;Data Source=sqldev1\cps;Initial Catalog=FundServ;Integrated Security=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=True&quot;" providerName="System.Data.EntityClient" /> </connectionStrings> <system.web> <compilation debug="true" strict="false" explicit="true" targetFramework="4.0" /> </system.web> <system.serviceModel> <behaviors> <serviceBehaviors> <behavior> <!-- To avoid disclosing metadata information, set the value below to false and remove the metadata endpoint above before deployment --> <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true"/> <!-- To receive exception details in faults for debugging purposes, set the value below to true. Set to false before deployment to avoid disclosing exception information --> <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false"/> </behavior> </serviceBehaviors> </behaviors> <serviceHostingEnvironment multipleSiteBindingsEnabled="true" /> </system.serviceModel> <system.webServer> <modules runAllManagedModulesForAllRequests="true"/> </system.webServer> </configuration> My code is as follows: Public Shared Function LogException(ByVal pException As System.Exception) As Boolean Return ExceptionPolicy.HandleException(pException, "LogPolicy") End Function Any assistance is appreciated.

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• AbstractMethodError on org.apache.xalan.processor.TransformerFactoryImpl

  - by JBristow

  With the following code: private Document transformDoc(Source source) throws TransformerException, IOException { Transformer xslTransformer = TransformerFactory.newInstance().newTransformer(new StreamSource(pdfTransformXslt.getInputStream())); xslTransformer.setParameter("http://apache.org/xml/features/nonvalidating/load-external-dtd", false); xslTransformer.setParameter("http://xml.org/sax/features/validation", false); JDOMResult result = new JDOMResult(); xslTransformer.transform(source, result); return result.getDocument(); } I'm getting the following error: java.lang.AbstractMethodError: org.apache.xalan.processor.TransformerFactoryImpl.setFeature(Ljava/lang/String;Z)V Why is this? Here's my Maven dependency tree: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Building mc-hub-batch task-segment: [dependency:tree] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ snapshot com.billmelater:mc-test-support:2.0.0.11-SNAPSHOT: checking for updates from repository.jboss.org [dependency:tree {execution: default-cli}] com.billmelater:mc-hub-batch:jar:2.0.0.11-SNAPSHOT +- com.billmelater:mc-hub-core:jar:2.0.0.11-SNAPSHOT:compile | +- commons-lang:commons-lang:jar:2.4:compile | +- commons-collections:commons-collections:jar:3.2.1:compile | +- commons-beanutils:commons-beanutils:jar:1.8.0:compile | +- commons-digester:commons-digester:jar:2.0:compile | | +- (commons-beanutils:commons-beanutils:jar:1.8.0:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | \- (commons-logging:commons-logging:jar:1.1.1:compile - version managed from 1.0.4; omitted for duplicate) | \- (org.springframework.batch:spring-batch-core:jar:2.0.2.RELEASE:compile - omitted for duplicate) +- com.billmelater:mc-test-support:jar:2.0.0.11-SNAPSHOT:test | +- (com.billmelater:mc-hub-core:jar:2.0.0.11-SNAPSHOT:test - omitted for duplicate) | +- (org.springframework:spring:jar:2.5.6:test - omitted for duplicate) | +- org.springframework:spring-jdbc:jar:2.5.6.SEC01:test | | +- (commons-logging:commons-logging:jar:1.1.1:test - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.springframework:spring-beans:jar:2.5.6.SEC01:test - omitted for conflict with 2.5.6) | | +- (org.springframework:spring-context:jar:2.5.6.SEC01:test - omitted for conflict with 2.5.6) | | +- (org.springframework:spring-core:jar:2.5.6.SEC01:test - omitted for conflict with 2.5.6) | | \- (org.springframework:spring-tx:jar:2.5.6.SEC01:test - omitted for conflict with 2.5.6) | +- (org.dbunit:dbunit:jar:2.4.5:test - omitted for duplicate) | +- (log4j:log4j:jar:1.2.15:test - omitted for duplicate) | +- (org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.5.6:compile - version managed from 1.5.8; scope updated from test; omitted for duplicate) | +- (org.slf4j:slf4j-log4j12:jar:1.5.6:test - omitted for duplicate) | +- org.jboss.seam:jboss-seam:jar:2.2.0.GA:test | | +- xstream:xstream:jar:1.1.3:test | | +- (xpp3:xpp3_min:jar:1.1.3.4.O:compile - scope updated from test; omitted for duplicate) | | \- org.jboss.el:jboss-el:jar:1.0_02.CR4:test | +- (org.testng:testng:jar:jdk15:5.8:test - omitted for duplicate) | +- (org.hibernate:hibernate-core:jar:3.3.2.GA:test - version managed from 3.3.0.SP1; omitted for duplicate) | +- org.hibernate:hibernate-entitymanager:jar:3.4.0.GA:test | | +- (org.hibernate:ejb3-persistence:jar:1.0.2.GA:test - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.hibernate:hibernate-commons-annotations:jar:3.1.0.GA:test - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.hibernate:hibernate-annotations:jar:3.4.0.GA:test - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.hibernate:hibernate-core:jar:3.3.2.GA:test - version managed from 3.3.0.SP1; omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.5.6:test - version managed from 1.4.2; omitted for duplicate) | | +- (dom4j:dom4j:jar:1.6.1-jboss:test - version managed from 1.6.1; omitted for duplicate) | | +- (javax.transaction:jta:jar:1.0.1B:test - version managed from 1.1; omitted for duplicate) | | \- javassist:javassist:jar:3.4.GA:test | +- (org.hibernate:hibernate-validator:jar:3.1.0.GA:test - omitted for duplicate) | +- (org.apache.velocity:velocity:jar:1.6.2:test - omitted for duplicate) | \- (ojdbc:ojdbc:jar:14:test - omitted for duplicate) +- org.springframework:spring:jar:2.5.6:compile +- org.springframework.batch:spring-batch-core:jar:2.0.2.RELEASE:compile | +- org.springframework.batch:spring-batch-infrastructure:jar:2.0.2.RELEASE:compile | | +- (commons-logging:commons-logging:jar:1.1.1:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.springframework:spring-core:jar:2.5.6:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | \- (stax:stax:jar:1.2.0:compile - omitted for duplicate) | +- org.aspectj:aspectjrt:jar:1.5.4:compile | +- org.aspectj:aspectjweaver:jar:1.5.4:compile | +- com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream:jar:1.3:compile | | \- xpp3:xpp3_min:jar:1.1.4c:compile | +- org.codehaus.jettison:jettison:jar:1.0:compile | +- org.springframework:spring-aop:jar:2.5.6:compile | | +- aopalliance:aopalliance:jar:1.0:compile | | +- (commons-logging:commons-logging:jar:1.1.1:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.springframework:spring-beans:jar:2.5.6:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | \- (org.springframework:spring-core:jar:2.5.6:compile - omitted for duplicate) | +- org.springframework:spring-beans:jar:2.5.6:compile | | +- (commons-logging:commons-logging:jar:1.1.1:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | \- (org.springframework:spring-core:jar:2.5.6:compile - omitted for duplicate) | +- org.springframework:spring-context:jar:2.5.6:compile | | +- (aopalliance:aopalliance:jar:1.0:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (commons-logging:commons-logging:jar:1.1.1:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.springframework:spring-beans:jar:2.5.6:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | \- (org.springframework:spring-core:jar:2.5.6:compile - omitted for duplicate) | +- org.springframework:spring-core:jar:2.5.6:compile | | \- (commons-logging:commons-logging:jar:1.1.1:compile - omitted for duplicate) | +- org.springframework:spring-tx:jar:2.5.6:compile | | +- (commons-logging:commons-logging:jar:1.1.1:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.springframework:spring-beans:jar:2.5.6:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.springframework:spring-context:jar:2.5.6:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | \- (org.springframework:spring-core:jar:2.5.6:compile - omitted for duplicate) | \- stax:stax:jar:1.2.0:compile | \- stax:stax-api:jar:1.0.1:compile +- commons-dbcp:commons-dbcp:jar:1.2.2:compile | \- commons-pool:commons-pool:jar:1.3:compile +- org.hibernate:hibernate-core:jar:3.3.2.GA:compile | +- antlr:antlr:jar:2.7.7:compile (version managed from 2.7.6) | +- dom4j:dom4j:jar:1.6.1-jboss:compile (version managed from 1.6.1) | +- javax.transaction:jta:jar:1.0.1B:compile (version managed from 1.1) | \- (org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.5.6:compile - version managed from 1.4.2; omitted for duplicate) +- org.hibernate:hibernate-validator:jar:3.1.0.GA:compile | +- (org.hibernate:hibernate-core:jar:3.3.2.GA:compile - version managed from 3.3.0.SP1; omitted for duplicate) | +- org.hibernate:hibernate-commons-annotations:jar:3.1.0.GA:compile | | \- (org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.5.6:compile - version managed from 1.4.2; omitted for duplicate) | \- (org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.5.6:compile - version managed from 1.4.2; omitted for duplicate) +- org.hibernate:hibernate-annotations:jar:3.4.0.GA:compile | +- org.hibernate:ejb3-persistence:jar:1.0.2.GA:compile | +- (org.hibernate:hibernate-commons-annotations:jar:3.1.0.GA:compile - omitted for duplicate) | +- (org.hibernate:hibernate-core:jar:3.3.2.GA:compile - version managed from 3.3.0.SP1; omitted for duplicate) | +- (org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.5.6:compile - version managed from 1.4.2; omitted for duplicate) | \- (dom4j:dom4j:jar:1.6.1-jboss:compile - version managed from 1.6.1; omitted for duplicate) +- ojdbc:ojdbc:jar:14:compile +- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.5.6:compile +- org.slf4j:slf4j-log4j12:jar:1.5.6:compile | \- (org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.5.6:compile - version managed from 1.4.2; omitted for duplicate) +- log4j:log4j:jar:1.2.15:compile +- org.apache.velocity:velocity:jar:1.6.2:compile | +- (commons-collections:commons-collections:jar:3.2.1:compile - omitted for duplicate) | +- (commons-lang:commons-lang:jar:2.4:compile - omitted for duplicate) | \- oro:oro:jar:2.0.8:compile +- org.testng:testng:jar:jdk15:5.8:test +- org.dbunit:dbunit:jar:2.4.5:test | +- junit:junit:jar:4.7:test (version managed from 3.8.2) | +- (org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.5.6:test - version managed from 1.4.2; omitted for duplicate) | \- (commons-collections:commons-collections:jar:3.2.1:test - omitted for duplicate) +- hsqldb:hsqldb:jar:1.8.0.7:test +- jboss:javassist:jar:3.3.ga:provided +- org.jdom:jdom:jar:1.1:compile +- jaxen:jaxen:jar:1.1.1:provided +- org.apache.xmlgraphics:fop:jar:0.95:compile | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:xmlgraphics-commons:jar:1.3.1:compile - omitted for duplicate) | +- org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-svg-dom:jar:1.7:compile | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-svg-dom:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for cycle) | | +- org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-anim:jar:1.7:compile | | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-awt-util:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-dom:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-ext:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | | \- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-parser:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-awt-util:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-css:jar:1.7:compile | | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-ext:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-util:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | | \- (xml-apis:xml-apis-ext:jar:1.3.04:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-dom:jar:1.7:compile | | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-css:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-ext:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-util:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-xml:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | | +- (xalan:xalan:jar:2.6.0:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | | \- (xml-apis:xml-apis-ext:jar:1.3.04:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-ext:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-parser:jar:1.7:compile | | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-awt-util:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-util:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | | \- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-xml:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-util:jar:1.7:compile | | \- xml-apis:xml-apis-ext:jar:1.3.04:compile | +- org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-bridge:jar:1.7:compile | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-anim:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-awt-util:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-css:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-dom:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-ext:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-bridge:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for cycle) | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-gvt:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-parser:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-bridge:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for cycle) | | +- org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-script:jar:1.7:compile | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-svg-dom:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-util:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-xml:jar:1.7:compile | | | \- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-util:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- xalan:xalan:jar:2.6.0:compile | | \- (xml-apis:xml-apis-ext:jar:1.3.04:compile - omitted for duplicate) | +- org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-awt-util:jar:1.7:compile | | \- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-util:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | +- org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-gvt:jar:1.7:compile | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-awt-util:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-gvt:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for cycle) | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-bridge:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | \- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-util:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | +- org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-transcoder:jar:1.7:compile | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-awt-util:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-bridge:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-dom:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-gvt:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-svg-dom:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-svggen:jar:1.7:compile | | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-awt-util:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | | \- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-util:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-util:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-xml:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | \- (xml-apis:xml-apis-ext:jar:1.3.04:compile - omitted for duplicate) | +- org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-extension:jar:1.7:compile | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-awt-util:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-bridge:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-css:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-dom:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-ext:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-gvt:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-parser:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-svg-dom:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | +- (org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-util:jar:1.7:compile - omitted for duplicate) | | \- (xml-apis:xml-apis-ext:jar:1.3.04:compile - omitted for duplicate) | +- org.apache.xmlgraphics:batik-ext:jar:1.7:compile | +- commons-logging:commons-logging:jar:1.1.1:compile | +- commons-io:commons-io:jar:1.3.1:compile | \- org.apache.avalon.framework:avalon-framework-api:jar:4.3.1:compile +- org.apache.xmlgraphics:xmlgraphics-commons:jar:1.3.1:compile | +- (commons-io:commons-io:jar:1.3.1:compile - omitted for duplicate) | \- (commons-logging:commons-logging:jar:1.1.1:compile - version managed from 1.0.4; omitted for duplicate) +- org.easymock:easymock:jar:2.0:test \- org.easymock:easymockclassextension:jar:2.2:test +- (org.easymock:easymock:jar:2.2:test - omitted for conflict with 2.0) \- cglib:cglib-nodep:jar:2.2:test (version managed from 2.1_3) Can anyone tell me how to clear out intellij's classpath too?

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• "The name 'WithTable' does not exist in the current context" using Fluent NHibernate

  - by Byron Sommardahl

  Might be a really easy problem to fix, but it the solution is eluding me! I'm using Fluent NHibernate 1.0 RTM (and using NHibernate bins that ships with it). I'm trying to map my entities and cannot use the WithTable() method. It's not available in Intelligence and VS doesn't suggest any namespaces to reference. Here's my code: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using GeoCodeThe.Net.Domain.Entities; using FluentNHibernate.Mapping; namespace GeoCodeThe.Net.Domain.Mappings { class CategoryMap: ClassMap<ICategory> { public CategoryMap() { WithTable("Categories"); // <----- Compile error: The name 'WithTable' does not exist in the current context Id(x => x.Id); Map(x => x.Name); Map(x => x.Tags); } } My bin folder has: Antlr3.Runtime.dll Castle.Core.dll Castle.DynamicProxy2.dll FluentNHibernate.dll Iesi.Collections.dll log4net.dll NHibernate.ByteCode.Castle.dll NHibernate.dll FluentNHibernate.pdb Castle.Core.xml Castle.DynamicProxy2.xml FluentNHibernate.xml Iesi.Collections.xml log4net.xml NHibernate.ByteCode.Castle.xml NHibernate.xml Any clue what I'm missing? Let me know if you need any more clarification.

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• Javascript html5 database transaction problem in loops

  - by Marek

  I'm hittig my head on this and i will be glad for any help. I need to store in a database a context (a list of string ids) for another page. I open a page with a list of artworks and this page save into the database those artowrks ids. When i click on an artwork i open its webpage but i can access the database to know the context and refer to the next and prev artwork. This is my code to retrieve the contex: updateContext = function () { alert("updating context"); try { mydb.transaction( function(transaction) { transaction.executeSql("select artworks.number from artworks, collections where collections.id = artworks.section_id and collections.short_name in ('cro', 'cra', 'crp', 'crm');", [], contextDataHandler, errorHandler); }); } catch(e) { alert(e.message); } } the contextDatahandler function then iterates through the results and fill again the current_context table: contextDataHandler = function(transaction, results) { try { mydb.transaction( function(transaction) { transaction.executeSql("drop table current_context;", [], nullDataHandler, errorHandler); transaction.executeSql("create table current_context(id String);", [], nullDataHandler, errorHandler); } ) } catch(e) { alert(e.message); } var s = ""; for (var i=0; i < results.rows.length; i++) { var item = results.rows.item(0); s += item['number'] + " "; mydb.transaction( function(tx) { tx.executeSql("insert into current_context(id) values (?);", [item['number']]); } ) } alert(s); } the result is, i get the current_context table deleted, recreated, and filled, but all the rows are filled with the LAST artwork id. the query to retrieve the artworks ids works, so i think it's a transaction problem, but i cant figure out where. thanks for any help

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• Cannot resolve Dictionary in Unity container

  - by IanR

  Hi, I've just stumbled upon this: within a Unity container, I want to register IDictionary<TK, TV>; assume that it's IDictionary<string, int> _unityContainer = new UnityContainer() .RegisterType<IDictionary<string, int>, Dictionary<string, int>>(); but if I try var d = _unityContainer.Resolve<IDictionary<string, int>>(); it fails to resolve... I get... Microsoft.Practices.Unity.ResolutionFailedException: Microsoft.Practices.Unity.ResolutionFailedException: Resolution of the dependency failed, type = "System.Collections.Generic.IDictionary`2[System.String,System.Int32]", name = "(none)". Exception occurred while: while resolving. Exception is: InvalidOperationException - The type Dictionary`2 has multiple constructors of length 2. Unable to disambiguate. At the time of the exception, the container was: Resolving System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary2[System.String,System.Int32],(none) (mapped from System.Collections.Generic.IDictionary2[System.String,System.Int32], (none)) --- System.InvalidOperationException: The type Dictionary`2 has multiple constructors of length 2. Unable to disambiguate.. So it looks like it has found the Type to resolve (being Dictionary<string, int>) but failed to new it up... How come unity can't resolve this type? If I type IDictionary<string, int> d = new Dictionary<string, int>() that works... any ideas? thanks!

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• Possible to create an implicit cast for an anonymous type to a dictionary?

  - by Ralph

  I wrote a method like this: using AttrDict = System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<string, object>; using IAttrDict = System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<System.Collections.Generic.KeyValuePair<string, object>>; static string HtmlTag(string tagName, string content = null, IAttrDict attrs = null) { var sb = new StringBuilder("<"); sb.Append(tagName); if(attrs != null) foreach (var attr in attrs) sb.AppendFormat(" {0}=\"{1}\"", attr.Key, attr.Value.ToString().EscapeQuotes()); if (content != null) sb.AppendFormat(">{0}</{1}>", content, tagName); else sb.Append(" />"); return sb.ToString(); } Which you can call like HtmlTag("div", "hello world", new AttrDict{{"class","green"}}); Not too bad. But what if I wanted to allow users to pass an anonymous type in place of the dict? Like HtmlTag("div", "hello world", new {@class="green"}); Even better! I could write the overload easily, but the problem is I'm going to have about 50 functions like this, I don't want to overload each one of them. I was hoping I could just write an implicit cast to do the work for me... public class AttrDict : Dictionary<string, object> { public static implicit operator AttrDict(object obj) { // conversion from anonymous type to AttrDict here } } But C# simply won't allow it: user-defined conversions to or from a base class are not allowed So what can I do?

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• Worse is better. Is there an example?

  - by J.F. Sebastian

  Is there a widely-used algorithm that has time complexity worse than that of another known algorithm but it is a better choice in all practical situations (worse complexity but better otherwise)? An acceptable answer might be in a form: There are algorithms A and B that have O(N**2) and O(N) time complexity correspondingly, but B has such a big constant that it has no advantages over A for inputs less then a number of atoms in the Universe. Examples highlights from the answers: Simplex algorithm -- worst-case is exponential time -- vs. known polynomial-time algorithms for convex optimization problems. A naive median of medians algorithm -- worst-case O(N**2) vs. known O(N) algorithm. Backtracking regex engines -- worst-case exponential vs. O(N) Thompson NFA -based engines. All these examples exploit worst-case vs. average scenarios. Are there examples that do not rely on the difference between the worst case vs. average case scenario? Related: The Rise of ``Worse is Better''. (For the purpose of this question the "Worse is Better" phrase is used in a narrower (namely -- algorithmic time-complexity) sense than in the article) Python's Design Philosophy: The ABC group strived for perfection. For example, they used tree-based data structure algorithms that were proven to be optimal for asymptotically large collections (but were not so great for small collections). This example would be the answer if there were no computers capable of storing these large collections (in other words large is not large enough in this case). Coppersmith–Winograd algorithm for square matrix multiplication is a good example (it is the fastest (2008) but it is inferior to worse algorithms). Any others? From the wikipedia article: "It is not used in practice because it only provides an advantage for matrices so large that they cannot be processed by modern hardware (Robinson 2005)."

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• Using a profile property of type List in .NET Membership

  - by hancock

  Hi, I'm working on a C# Webservice that needs to provide authentication as well as roles and profile management. I need each profile to have a property of type List. The profile section in the web.config looks like this: <profile defaultProvider="MyProfileProvider" enabled="true"> <providers> <remove name="MyProfileProvider"/> <add connectionStringName="MySqlServer" applicationName="MyApp" name="MyProfileProvider" type="System.Web.Profile.SqlProfileProvider" /> </providers> <properties> <add name="Websites" type="System.Collections.Generic.List&lt;String&gt;" serializeAs="Binary"/> </properties> </profile> However, when I start the webservice and try to access that property it returns the following error: System.Configuration.ConfigurationErrorsException: Attempting to load this property's type resulted in the following error: Could not load type 'System.Collections.Generic.List<String>'. (C:\Projects\MyProject\web.config line 58) --- System.Web.HttpException: Could not load type 'System.Collections.Generic.List<String>'. Is there a way to use a generic collection for this purpose?

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• Powershell / .Net: Get a reference to an object returned by a method

  - by Dan Menes

  I am teaching myself PowerShell by writing a simple parser. I use the .Net framework class Collections.Stack. I want to modify the object at the top of the stack in place. I know I can pop() the object off, modify it, and then push() it back on, but that strikes me as inelegant. First, I tried this: $stk = new-object Collections.Stack $stk.push( (,'My first value') ) ( $stk.peek() ) += ,'| My second value' Which threw an error: Assignment failed because [System.Collections.Stack] doesn't contain a settable property 'peek()'. At C:\Development\StackOverflow\PowerShell-Stacks\test.ps1:3 char:12 + ( $stk.peek <<<< () ) += ,'| My second value' + CategoryInfo : InvalidOperation: (peek:String) [], RuntimeException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : ParameterizedPropertyAssignmentFailed Next I tried this: $ary = $stk.peek() $ary += ,'| My second value' write-host "Array is: $ary" write-host "Stack top is: $($stk.peek())" Which prevented the error but still didn't do the right thing: Array is: My first value | My second value Stack top is: My first value Clearly, what is getting assigned to $ary is a copy of the object at the top of the stack, so when I the object in $ary, the object at the top of the stack remains unchanged. Finally, I read up on teh [ref] type, and tried this: $ary_ref = [ref]$stk.peek() $ary_ref.value += ,'| My second value' write-host "Referenced array is: $($ary_ref.value)" write-host "Stack top is still: $($stk.peek())" But still no dice: Referenced array is: My first value | My second value Stack top is still: My first value I assume the peek() method returns a reference to the actual object, not the clone. If so, then the reference appears to be being replaced by a clone by PowerShell's expression processing logic. Can somebody tell me if there is a way to do what I want to do? Or do I have to revert to pop() / modify / push()?

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