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  • Physics in carrom like game using cocos2d + Box2D

    - by Raj
    I am working on carrom like game using cocos2d + Box2D. I set world gravity(0,0), want gravity in z-axis. I set following values for coin and striker body: Coin body (circle with radius - 15/PTM_RATIO): density = 20.0f; friction = 0.4f; restitution = 0.6f; Striker body (circle with radius - 15/PTM_RATIO): density = 25.0f; friction = 0.6f; restitution = 0.3f; Output is not smooth. When I apply ApplyLinearImpulse(force,position) the coin movement looks like floating in the air - takes too much time to stop. What values for coin and striker make it look like real carrom?

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  • Why is GL_TEXTURE_MAX_ANISOTROPY_EXT undefined?

    - by Haydn
    So I'm writing my texture class in my opengl game, I get to the part where I would normally set GL_TEXTURE_MAX_ANISOTROPY_EXT, and I'm shocked to discover that it's undefined! This exact same extensions worked perfectly in a different application, so I know it's not a typo or something. It's worth noting that I'm getting my extensions using glcorearb.h, instead of glext.h, because I have no intention of supporting the compatibility profile. Could this be my problem, and if so, how do I work around it?

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  • cross resolution level design advice [on hold]

    - by Mike
    I was looking for some beginner advice regarding level design across multiple resolutions. I believe the answer is likely "it depends", but any input from anyone with real experience is very appreciated. Basically, I am building a 2D Super Metroid type game. If rooms/levels are to be a tiled grid, what are some general best practices for designing rooms when taking into account different resolutions? Since more or less tiles could fit vertically on a single screen depending on the resolution, is it better to design towards possibly having more of the room visible depending on the screen (with a bare minimum needed for gameplay), or should I fix the design at a certain tile height and scale the graphics?

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  • SpriteFont Exception, no such character?

    - by Michal Bozydar Pawlowski
    I have such spriteFont: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!-- This file contains an xml description of a font, and will be read by the XNA Framework Content Pipeline. Follow the comments to customize the appearance of the font in your game, and to change the characters which are available to draw with. --> <XnaContent xmlns:Graphics="Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.Graphics"> <Asset Type="Graphics:FontDescription"> <!-- Modify this string to change the font that will be imported. --> <FontName>Segoe UI</FontName> <!-- Size is a float value, measured in points. Modify this value to change the size of the font. --> <Size>20</Size> <!-- Spacing is a float value, measured in pixels. Modify this value to change the amount of spacing in between characters. --> <Spacing>0</Spacing> <!-- UseKerning controls the layout of the font. If this value is true, kerning information will be used when placing characters. --> <UseKerning>true</UseKerning> <!-- Style controls the style of the font. Valid entries are "Regular", "Bold", "Italic", and "Bold, Italic", and are case sensitive. --> <Style>Regular</Style> <!-- If you uncomment this line, the default character will be substituted if you draw or measure text that contains characters which were not included in the font. --> <!-- <DefaultCharacter>*</DefaultCharacter> --> <!-- CharacterRegions control what letters are available in the font. Every character from Start to End will be built and made available for drawing. The default range is from 32, (ASCII space), to 126, ('~'), covering the basic Latin character set. The characters are ordered according to the Unicode standard. See the documentation for more information. --> <CharacterRegions> <CharacterRegion> <Start>&#09;</Start> <End>&#09;</End> </CharacterRegion> <CharacterRegion> <Start>&#32;</Start> <End>&#1200;</End> </CharacterRegion> </CharacterRegions> </Asset> </XnaContent> It has the character regions (32-1200) And I get this exception: A first chance exception of type 'System.ArgumentException' occurred in Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics.ni.dll The character '?' (0x0441) is not available in this SpriteFont. If applicable, adjust the font's start and end CharacterRegions to include this character. Parameter name: character Why? I'm drawing the string like this: spriteBatch.DrawString(font24, zasadyText, zasadyTextPos, kolorCzcionki1, -0.05f, Vector2.Zero, 1.0f, SpriteEffects.None, 0.5f) I even changed the spriteFont to cyrillic: <CharacterRegions> <CharacterRegion> <Start>&#09;</Start> <End>&#09;</End> </CharacterRegion> <CharacterRegion> <Start>&#0032;</Start> <End>&#0383;</End> </CharacterRegion> <CharacterRegion> <Start>&#1040;</Start> <End>&#1111;</End> </CharacterRegion> </CharacterRegions> </Asset> </XnaContent> and it still doesn't work. I got the (0x441 = char) exception -- EDIT -- Ok, I got the solution. It was a letter mistake in language. I had this: if (jezyk == "ru_RU") { font14 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("ru_font14"); font24 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("ru_font24"); font12 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("ru_czcionkaFloty"); font10 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("ru_font10"); font28 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("ru_font28"); font20 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("ru_font20"); } else { font14 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("font14"); font24 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("font24"); font12 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("czcionkaFloty"); font10 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("font10"); font28 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("font28"); font20 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("font20"); } and there should be not "ru_RU" but "ru-RU" I have no idea. I changed the spriteFont to cyrillic: <CharacterRegions> <CharacterRegion> <Start>&#09;</Start> <End>&#09;</End> </CharacterRegion> <CharacterRegion> <Start>&#0032;</Start> <End>&#0383;</End> </CharacterRegion> <CharacterRegion> <Start>&#1040;</Start> <End>&#1111;</End> </CharacterRegion> </CharacterRegions> </Asset> </XnaContent> and it still doesn't work. I got the (0x441 = char) exception

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  • Game Clock Precision

    - by Philip
    I'm reading a fantastic article about game timer precision and here is a quote about 2/3 of the way into the article: If you start your game clock at about 4 billion (more precisely 2^32, or any large power of two) then your exponent, and hence your precision, will remain constant for the next ~4 billion seconds, or ~136 years. He doesn't give a concrete example of this though. Does this mean I would want to add 2^32 to the game clock value that I store at the beginning of each frame? Or is there a way to actually set the clock in Windows so that the numbers start at 2^32?

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  • Why does Unity3D crash in VirtualBox?

    - by FakeRainBrigand
    I'm running Unity3D in a virtual instance of Windows, using the Virtual Box software on Linux. I have guest additions installed with DirectX support. I've tried using Windows XP SP3 32-bit, and Windows 7 64bit. My host is Ubuntu 12.04 64bit. I installed and registered Unity on both. It loads up fine, and then crashes my entire VirtualBox instance (equivalent of a computer shutting off with no warning).

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  • Shadow mapping: what is the light looking at?

    - by PgrAm
    I'm all set to set up shadow mapping in my 3d engine but there is one thing I am struggling to understand. The scene needs to be rendered from the light's point of view so I simply first move my camera to the light's position but then I need to find out which direction the light is looking. Since its a point light its not shining in any particular direction. How do I figure out what the orientation for the light point of view is?

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  • Reasoner Conversion Problems:

    - by Annalyne
    I have this code right here in Java and I wanted to translate it in C++, but I had some problems going: this is the java code: import java.io.*; import java.util.*; public class ClueReasoner { private int numPlayers; private int playerNum; private int numCards; private SATSolver solver; private String caseFile = "cf"; private String[] players = {"sc", "mu", "wh", "gr", "pe", "pl"}; private String[] suspects = {"mu", "pl", "gr", "pe", "sc", "wh"}; private String[] weapons = {"kn", "ca", "re", "ro", "pi", "wr"}; private String[] rooms = {"ha", "lo", "di", "ki", "ba", "co", "bi", "li", "st"}; private String[] cards; public ClueReasoner() { numPlayers = players.length; // Initialize card info cards = new String[suspects.length + weapons.length + rooms.length]; int i = 0; for (String card : suspects) cards[i++] = card; for (String card : weapons) cards[i++] = card; for (String card : rooms) cards[i++] = card; numCards = i; // Initialize solver solver = new SATSolver(); addInitialClauses(); } private int getPlayerNum(String player) { if (player.equals(caseFile)) return numPlayers; for (int i = 0; i < numPlayers; i++) if (player.equals(players[i])) return i; System.out.println("Illegal player: " + player); return -1; } private int getCardNum(String card) { for (int i = 0; i < numCards; i++) if (card.equals(cards[i])) return i; System.out.println("Illegal card: " + card); return -1; } private int getPairNum(String player, String card) { return getPairNum(getPlayerNum(player), getCardNum(card)); } private int getPairNum(int playerNum, int cardNum) { return playerNum * numCards + cardNum + 1; } public void addInitialClauses() { // TO BE IMPLEMENTED AS AN EXERCISE // Each card is in at least one place (including case file). for (int c = 0; c < numCards; c++) { int[] clause = new int[numPlayers + 1]; for (int p = 0; p <= numPlayers; p++) clause[p] = getPairNum(p, c); solver.addClause(clause); } // If a card is one place, it cannot be in another place. // At least one card of each category is in the case file. // No two cards in each category can both be in the case file. } public void hand(String player, String[] cards) { playerNum = getPlayerNum(player); // TO BE IMPLEMENTED AS AN EXERCISE } public void suggest(String suggester, String card1, String card2, String card3, String refuter, String cardShown) { // TO BE IMPLEMENTED AS AN EXERCISE } public void accuse(String accuser, String card1, String card2, String card3, boolean isCorrect) { // TO BE IMPLEMENTED AS AN EXERCISE } public int query(String player, String card) { return solver.testLiteral(getPairNum(player, card)); } public String queryString(int returnCode) { if (returnCode == SATSolver.TRUE) return "Y"; else if (returnCode == SATSolver.FALSE) return "n"; else return "-"; } public void printNotepad() { PrintStream out = System.out; for (String player : players) out.print("\t" + player); out.println("\t" + caseFile); for (String card : cards) { out.print(card + "\t"); for (String player : players) out.print(queryString(query(player, card)) + "\t"); out.println(queryString(query(caseFile, card))); } } public static void main(String[] args) { ClueReasoner cr = new ClueReasoner(); String[] myCards = {"wh", "li", "st"}; cr.hand("sc", myCards); cr.suggest("sc", "sc", "ro", "lo", "mu", "sc"); cr.suggest("mu", "pe", "pi", "di", "pe", null); cr.suggest("wh", "mu", "re", "ba", "pe", null); cr.suggest("gr", "wh", "kn", "ba", "pl", null); cr.suggest("pe", "gr", "ca", "di", "wh", null); cr.suggest("pl", "wh", "wr", "st", "sc", "wh"); cr.suggest("sc", "pl", "ro", "co", "mu", "pl"); cr.suggest("mu", "pe", "ro", "ba", "wh", null); cr.suggest("wh", "mu", "ca", "st", "gr", null); cr.suggest("gr", "pe", "kn", "di", "pe", null); cr.suggest("pe", "mu", "pi", "di", "pl", null); cr.suggest("pl", "gr", "kn", "co", "wh", null); cr.suggest("sc", "pe", "kn", "lo", "mu", "lo"); cr.suggest("mu", "pe", "kn", "di", "wh", null); cr.suggest("wh", "pe", "wr", "ha", "gr", null); cr.suggest("gr", "wh", "pi", "co", "pl", null); cr.suggest("pe", "sc", "pi", "ha", "mu", null); cr.suggest("pl", "pe", "pi", "ba", null, null); cr.suggest("sc", "wh", "pi", "ha", "pe", "ha"); cr.suggest("wh", "pe", "pi", "ha", "pe", null); cr.suggest("pe", "pe", "pi", "ha", null, null); cr.suggest("sc", "gr", "pi", "st", "wh", "gr"); cr.suggest("mu", "pe", "pi", "ba", "pl", null); cr.suggest("wh", "pe", "pi", "st", "sc", "st"); cr.suggest("gr", "wh", "pi", "st", "sc", "wh"); cr.suggest("pe", "wh", "pi", "st", "sc", "wh"); cr.suggest("pl", "pe", "pi", "ki", "gr", null); cr.printNotepad(); cr.accuse("sc", "pe", "pi", "bi", true); } } how can I convert this? there are too many errors I get. for my C++ code (as a commentor asked for) #include <iostream> #include <cstdlib> #include <string> using namespace std; void Scene_Reasoner() { int numPlayer; int playerNum; int cardNum; string filecase = "Case: "; string players [] = {"sc", "mu", "wh", "gr", "pe", "pl"}; string suspects [] = {"mu", "pl", "gr", "pe", "sc", "wh"}; string weapons [] = {"kn", "ca", "re", "ro", "pi", "wr"}; string rooms[] = {"ha", "lo", "di", "ki", "ba", "co", "bi", "li", "st"}; string cards [0]; }; void Scene_Reason_Base () { numPlayer = players.length; // Initialize card info cards = new String[suspects.length + weapons.length + rooms.length]; int i = 0; for (String card : suspects) cards[i++] = card; for (String card : weapons) cards[i++] = card; for (String card : rooms) cards[i++] = card; cardNum = i; }; private int getCardNum (string card) { for (int i = 0; i < numCards; i++) if (card.equals(cards[i])) return i; cout << "Illegal card: " + card <<endl; return -1; }; private int getPairNum(String player, String card) { return getPairNum(getPlayerNum(player), getCardNum(card)); }; private int getPairNum(int playerNum, int cardNum) { return playerNum * numCards + cardNum + 1; }; int main () { return 0; }

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  • Best depth sorting method for a Top Down 2D game using a 3D physics engine

    - by Alic44
    I've spent many days googling this and still have issues with my game engine I'd like to ask about, which I haven't seen addressed before. I think the problem is that my game is an unusual combination of a completely 2D graphical approach using XNA's SpriteBatch, and a completely 3D engine (the amazing BEPU physics engine) with rotation mostly disabled. In essence, my question is similar to this one (the part about "faux 3D"), but the difference is that in my game, the player as well as every other creature is represented by 3D objects, and they can all jump, pick up other objects, and throw them around. What this means is that sorting by one value, such as a Z position (how far north/south a character is on the screen) won't work, because as soon as a smaller creature jumps on top of a larger creature, or a box, and walks backwards, the moment its z value is less than that other creature, it will appear to be behind the object it is actually standing on. I actually originally solved this problem by splitting every object in the game into physics boxes which MUST have a Y height equal to their Z depth. I then based the depth sorting value on the object's y position (how high it is off the ground) PLUS its z position (how far north or south it is on the screen). The problem with this approach is that it requires all moving objects in the game to be split graphically into chunks which match up with a physical box which has its y dimension equal to its z dimension. Which is stupid. So, I got inspired last night to rewrite with a fresh approach. My new method is a little more complex, but I think a little more sane: every object which needs to be sorted by depth in the game exposes the interface IDepthDrawable and is added to a list owned by the DepthDrawer object. IDepthDrawable contains: public interface IDepthDrawable { Rectangle Bounds { get; } //possibly change this to a class if struct copying of the xna Rectangle type becomes an issue DepthDrawShape DepthShape { get; } void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch); } The Bounds Rectangle of each IDepthDrawable object represents the 2D Axis-Aligned Bounding Box it will take up when drawn to the screen. Anything that doesn't intersect the screen will be culled at this stage and the remaining on-screen IDepthDrawables will be Bounds tested for intersections with each other. This is where I get a little less sure of what I'm doing. Each group of collisions will be added to a list or other collection, and each list will sort itself based on its DepthShape property, which will have access to the object-to-be-drawn's physics information. For starting out, lets assume everything in the game is an axis aligned 3D Box shape. Boxes are pretty easy to sort. Something like: if (depthShape1.Back > depthShape2.Front) //if depthShape1 is in front of depthShape2. //depthShape1 goes on top. else if (depthShape1.Bottom > depthShape2.Top) //if depthShape1 is above depthShape2. //depthShape1 goes on top. //if neither of these are true, depthShape2 must be in front or above. So, by sorting draw order by several different factors from the physics engine, I believe I can get a really correct draw order. My question is, is this a good way of going about this, or is there some tried and true, tested way which is completely different and has somehow completely eluded me on the internets? And, if this does seem like a good way to remake my draw order sorting, what's the right sorting algorithm for reordering the Bounds Rectangle collision lists, and how do you deal with a Bounds Rectangle colliding with two different object which don't collide with eachother. I know these are solved problems, but I've only been programming for a year so any specific input here will be greatly appreciated. Thanks for reading this far, ye who made it -- sorry it was so long!

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  • How to port animation from one skeleton to another?

    - by shawn
    While I need to do this in a Blender3D modeler script, the math should be similar for other modelers or realtime engines. Blender3D specific terminology: Armature = skeleton EditBone = rest pose bone (stores the rest pose matrix) PoseBone = can store a different pose (animation matrix) for each frame of your animation I need to share animations (Blender Actions) between Armatures which have EditBones with same names and which have the same positions, but can have different (rest pose) angles and scales. Plus the Armatures might have different bone hierarchy (bone parenting/ no bone parenting). Why I need this: I've made an importer/exporter for a 3d format for a game. The format doesn't store enough info to connect/parent the bones, which makes posing/animating character models in a 3d modeller nearly impossible (original model files for the 3d modeler don't exist, this is for modding). As there are only 2 character skeleton types in the game, I decided to optionally allow to generate the bone from a hardcoded data in the model importer and undo that in the exporter. This allows to easily pose the model for checking weights, easily create weights, makes it easier for Blender to generate automatic weights and of course makes animating possible. This worked perfectly: the importer optionally generated the Armature itself and the exporter removed those changes, so the exported model works with existing animations in the game. But now I'm writing an importer and exporter for the game's animation format and here come the problems of: Trying to make original animations work in Blender with my "custom" (modified) Armature Trying to make animations created by using the "custom" (modified) Armature work with the original models in the game (and Blender). Constraints or bone snapping inside Blender won't work as they don't care that the bones have different angles in the rest pose, they will still face the same direction. It seems I just need to get the "difference" between the EditBone matrices of all EditBones for the two Armatures somehow and apply that difference to PoseBone matrices of all PoseBones, for all frames of my animation. I need to know how to get that difference and how to apply it. BTW, PoseBone matrices are relative to rest pose, they are by default [1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000](matrix [row 0]) [0.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000](matrix [row 1]) [0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000](matrix [row 2]) [0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000](matrix [row 3]) So the question is: How to get the difference between two bone (EditBone) matrices to apply that difference to the animation matrices (PoseBone matrices)? Please be easy on the matrix math.

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  • Unity 3d (Using Blender) - anime/manga/cel-shaded style characters

    - by David Archer
    Making a game using Blender for 3D models and Unity for the game engine. Just wondering if anyone knows any links to pages that give a tutorial on Japanese anime style 3D modelling, texturing and shading through blender. I'm actually looking to create a cel-shaded look eventually (read: Okami/Jet Set Radio style) and I'm kind of stuck with the design stuff. I'm not a Blender expert by any means, and still kind of new to the design side of things (I'm a programmer by trade), so please don't vote me down too hard. I've tried googling, but there doesn't seem to be much in the way of what I'm after. The only thing I've found really is a plugin for blender called freestyle, or using the ToonShader shading tool. If there are any good tutorials or anything, I'm really happy to sit through them - just want to learn :) Thanks for any help :)

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  • How many vertices are needed to draw reasonably good-looking terrain?

    - by bobbaluba
    I have some pretty expensive code in my terrain vertex shader, and I am trying to figure out if it will still be fast enough. I haven't yet developed a level-of-detail system for my terrain rendering, but I can easily benchmark my code by just drawing mock triangles. My problem is, how do I know how many vertices to test with? Are there for example rendering engines that will tell me how many terrain vertices are currently on-screen? Or maybe it is possible to create a formula that will give me an estimate based on screen resolution?

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  • How to build a 4x game?

    - by Marco
    I'm trying to study how succefully implement a 4x game. Area of interest: 1) map data: how to store stellars systems (graphs?), how to generate them and so on.. 2) multiplayer: how to organize code in a non graphical server and a client to display it 3) command system: what are patters to catch user and ai decisions and handle them, adding at first "explore" and "colonize" then "combat", "research", "spy" and so on (commands can affect ships, planets, research, etc..) 4) ai system: ai can use commands to expand, upgrade planets and ship I know is a big questions, so help is appreciated :D 1) Map data Best choice is have a graph to model a galaxy. A node is a stellar system and every system have a list of planets. Ship cannot travel outside of predefined paths, like in Ascendancy: http://www.abandonia.com/files/games/221/Ascendancy_2.png Every connection between two stellar systems have a cost, in turns. Generate a galaxy is only a matter of: - dimension: number of stellar systems, - variety: randomize number of planets and types (desertic, earth, etc..), - positions of each stellar system on game space - connections: assure that exist a path between every node, so graph is "connected" (not sure if this a matematically correct term) 2) Multiplayer Game is organized in turns: player 1, player 2, ai1, ai2. Server take care of all data and clients just diplay it and collect data change. Because is a turn game, latency is not a problem :D 3) Command system I would like to design a hierarchy of commands to take care of this aspect: abstract Genericcommand (target) ExploreCommand (Ship) extends genericcommand colonizeCommand (Ship) buildcommand(planet, object) and so on. In my head all this commands are stored in a queue for every planets, ships or reasearch center or spy, and each turn a command is sent to a server to apply command and change data state 4) ai system I don't have any idea about this. Is a big topic and what I want is a simple ai. Something like "expand and fight against everyone". I think about a behaviour tree to control ai moves, so I can develop an ai that try to build ships to expand and then colonize planets, upgrade them throught science and combat enemies. Could be done with a finite state machine too ? any ideas, resources, article are welcome!

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  • OpenGL: Filtering/antialising textures in a 2D game

    - by futlib
    I'm working on a 2D game using OpenGL 1.5 that uses rather large textures. I'm seeing aliasing effects and am wondering how to tackle those. I'm finding lots of material about antialiasing in 3D games, but I don't see how most of that applies to 2D games - e.g. antisoptric filtering seems to make no sense, FSAA doesn't sound like the best bet either. I suppose this means texture filtering is my best option? Right now I'm using bilinear filtering, I think: glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); From what I've read, I'd have to use mipmaps to use trilinear filtering, which would drive memory usage up, so I'd rather not. I know the final sizes of all the textures when they are loaded, so can't I somehow size them correctly at that point? (Using some form of texture filtering).

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  • rts libgdx design?

    - by user36531
    I am attempting to create a simple rts multi-player strategy game using libgdx. I am stumped at the moment. I want the underlying game world to run at all times and be aware of where all items are on the map.. so if player A logs in and moves unit to some location on the grid and logs off, that unit info is still there and can be accessed again by player A when they log back on to move somewhere else (if it didnt get attacked during the playerA was logged off). How can i do this? Do i create a main game world on the server and when players connect make client just sequentially request whats in each visible tile? Is there an easier way to get this done? Or go SQL route? Whats better?

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  • XNA windows phone release black textures

    - by Lukasz Kajstura
    i just made a 3d game in XNA for windows phone 7. I build it in release mode on visual studio 2010 and suddenly when I run game there is no textures on models - 2 models are black and one is transparent. Models are in .X format exported from 3dsmax and have textures in .jpg also added to game content. I set build action to none and all worked fine in debug mode. When I change to release mode - black textures. When I set build action to compile it gives me warning: Asset was built 2 times with different settings: using TextureImporter and TextureProcessor using TextureImporter and TextureProcessor, referenced by... and still no textures. What can I do?

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  • 2D XNA C#: Texture2D Wrapping Issue

    - by Kieran
    Working in C#/XNA for a Windows game: I'm using Texture2D to draw sprites. All of my sprites are 16 x 32. The sprites move around the screen as you would expect, by changing the top X/Y position of them when they're being drawn by the spritebatch. Most of the time when I run the game, the sprites appear like this: and when moved, they move as I expect, as one element. Infrequently they appear like this: and when moved it's like there are two sprites with a gap in between them - it's hard to describe. It only seems to happen sometimes - is there something I'm missing? I'd really like to know why this is happening. [Edit:] Adding Draw code as requested: This is the main draw routine - it first draws the sprite to a RenderTarget then blows it up by a scale of 4: protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { // Draw to render target GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(renderTarget); GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); Texture2D imSprite = null; spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.FrontToBack, null, SamplerState.PointWrap, null, null); ManSprite.Draw(spriteBatch); base.Draw(gameTime); spriteBatch.End(); // Draw render target to screen GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); imageFrame = (Texture2D)renderTarget; GraphicsDevice.Clear(ClearOptions.Target | ClearOptions.DepthBuffer, Color.DarkSlateBlue, 1.0f, 0); spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.FrontToBack, null, SamplerState.PointClamp, null, null); spriteBatch.Draw(imageFrame, new Vector2(0, 0), null, Color.White, 0, new Vector2(0, 0), IM_SCALE, SpriteEffects.None, 0); spriteBatch.End(); } This is the draw routine for the Sprite class: public virtual void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { spriteBatch.Draw(Texture, new Vector2(PositionX, PositionY), null, Color.White, 0.0f, Vector2.Zero, Scale, SpriteEffects.None, 0.3f); }

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  • how can I specify interleaved vertex attributes and vertex indices

    - by freefallr
    I'm writing a generic ShaderProgram class that compiles a set of Shader objects, passes args to the shader (like vertex position, vertex normal, tex coords etc), then links the shader components into a shader program, for use with glDrawArrays. My vertex data already exists in a VertexBufferObject that uses the following data structure to create a vertex buffer: class CustomVertex { public: float m_Position[3]; // x, y, z // offset 0, size = 3*sizeof(float) float m_TexCoords[2]; // u, v // offset 3*sizeof(float), size = 2*sizeof(float) float m_Normal[3]; // nx, ny, nz; float colour[4]; // r, g, b, a float padding[20]; // padded for performance }; I've already written a working VertexBufferObject class that creates a vertex buffer object from an array of CustomVertex objects. This array is said to be interleaved. It renders successfully with the following code: void VertexBufferObject::Draw() { if( ! m_bInitialized ) return; glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_nVboId ); glBindBuffer( GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_nVboIdIndex ); glEnableClientState( GL_VERTEX_ARRAY ); glEnableClientState( GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY ); glEnableClientState( GL_NORMAL_ARRAY ); glEnableClientState( GL_COLOR_ARRAY ); glVertexPointer( 3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(CustomVertex), ((char*)NULL + 0) ); glTexCoordPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(CustomVertex), ((char*)NULL + 12)); glNormalPointer(GL_FLOAT, sizeof(CustomVertex), ((char*)NULL + 20)); glColorPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(CustomVertex), ((char*)NULL + 32)); glDrawElements( GL_TRIANGLES, m_nNumIndices, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, ((char*)NULL + 0) ); glDisableClientState( GL_VERTEX_ARRAY ); glDisableClientState( GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY ); glDisableClientState( GL_NORMAL_ARRAY ); glDisableClientState( GL_COLOR_ARRAY ); glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0 ); glBindBuffer( GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0 ); } Back to the Vertex Array Object though. My code for creating the Vertex Array object is as follows. This is performed before the ShaderProgram runtime linking stage, and no glErrors are reported after its steps. // Specify the shader arg locations (e.g. their order in the shader code) for( int n = 0; n < vShaderArgs.size(); n ++) glBindAttribLocation( m_nProgramId, n, vShaderArgs[n].sFieldName.c_str() ); // Create and bind to a vertex array object, which stores the relationship between // the buffer and the input attributes glGenVertexArrays( 1, &m_nVaoHandle ); glBindVertexArray( m_nVaoHandle ); // Enable the vertex attribute array (we're using interleaved array, since its faster) glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vShaderArgs[0].nVboId ); glBindBuffer( GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, vShaderArgs[0].nVboIndexId ); // vertex data for( int n = 0; n < vShaderArgs.size(); n ++ ) { glEnableVertexAttribArray(n); glVertexAttribPointer( n, vShaderArgs[n].nFieldSize, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, vShaderArgs[n].nStride, (GLubyte *) NULL + vShaderArgs[n].nFieldOffset ); AppLog::Ref().OutputGlErrors(); } This doesn't render correctly at all. I get a pattern of white specks onscreen, in the shape of the terrain rectangle, but there are no regular lines etc. Here's the code I use for rendering: void ShaderProgram::Draw() { using namespace AntiMatter; if( ! m_nShaderProgramId || ! m_nVaoHandle ) { AppLog::Ref().LogMsg("ShaderProgram::Draw() Couldn't draw object, as initialization of ShaderProgram is incomplete"); return; } glUseProgram( m_nShaderProgramId ); glBindVertexArray( m_nVaoHandle ); glDrawArrays( GL_TRIANGLES, 0, m_nNumTris ); glBindVertexArray(0); glUseProgram(0); } Can anyone see errors or omissions in either the VAO creation code or rendering code? thanks!

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  • Rotation based on x coordinate and x velocity?

    - by Lewis
    -(void) accelerometer:(UIAccelerometer *)accelerometer didAccelerate:(UIAcceleration *)acceleration { float deceleration = 0.3f, sensitivity = 8.0f, maxVelocity = 150; // adjust velocity based on current accelerometer acceleration playerVelocity.x = playerVelocity.x * deceleration + acceleration.x * sensitivity; // we must limit the maximum velocity of the player sprite, in both directions (positive & negative values) playerVelocity.x = fmaxf(fminf(playerVelocity.x, maxVelocity), -maxVelocity); } Hi, I want to rotate my sprite based on the velocity and accelerometer input. My sprite can move along the X axis like so: <--------- sprite ----------- But it always faces forwards, if it is moving left I want it to point slightly to the left, the degree of how far it is pointing to be judged from the velocity. This should also work for the right. I tried using atan but as the y velocity and position is always the same the function returns 0, which doesn't rotate it at all. Any ideas? Regards, Lewis.

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  • Combine 3D objects in XNA 4

    - by Christoph
    Currently I am writing on my thesis for university, the theme I am working on is 3D Visualization of hierarchical structures using cone trees. I want to do is to draw a cone and arrange a number of spheres at the bottom of the cone. The spheres should be arranged according to the radius and the number of spheres correctly. As you can imagine I need a lot of these cone/sphere combinations. First Attempt I was able to find some tutorials that helped with drawing cones and spheres. Cone public Cone(GraphicsDevice device, float height, int tessellation, string name, List<Sphere> children) { //prepare children and calculate the children spacing and radius of the cone if (children == null || children.Count == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("children"); } this.Height = height; this.Name = name; this.Children = children; //create the cone if (tessellation < 3) { throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("tessellation"); } //Create a ring of triangels around the outside of the cones bottom for (int i = 0; i < tessellation; i++) { Vector3 normal = this.GetCircleVector(i, tessellation); // add the vertices for the top of the cone base.AddVertex(Vector3.Up * height, normal); //add the bottom circle base.AddVertex(normal * this.radius + Vector3.Down * height, normal); //Add indices base.AddIndex(i * 2); base.AddIndex(i * 2 + 1); base.AddIndex((i * 2 + 2) % (tessellation * 2)); base.AddIndex(i * 2 + 1); base.AddIndex((i * 2 + 3) % (tessellation * 2)); base.AddIndex((i * 2 + 2) % (tessellation * 2)); } //create flate triangle to seal the bottom this.CreateCap(tessellation, height, this.Radius, Vector3.Down); base.InitializePrimitive(device); } Sphere public void Initialize(GraphicsDevice device, Vector3 qi) { int verticalSegments = this.Tesselation; int horizontalSegments = this.Tesselation * 2; //single vertex on the bottom base.AddVertex((qi * this.Radius) + this.lowering, Vector3.Down); for (int i = 0; i < verticalSegments; i++) { float latitude = ((i + 1) * MathHelper.Pi / verticalSegments) - MathHelper.PiOver2; float dy = (float)Math.Sin(latitude); float dxz = (float)Math.Cos(latitude); //Create a singe ring of latitudes for (int j = 0; j < horizontalSegments; j++) { float longitude = j * MathHelper.TwoPi / horizontalSegments; float dx = (float)Math.Cos(longitude) * dxz; float dz = (float)Math.Sin(longitude) * dxz; Vector3 normal = new Vector3(dx, dy, dz); base.AddVertex(normal * this.Radius, normal); } } // Finish with a single vertex at the top of the sphere. AddVertex((qi * this.Radius) + this.lowering, Vector3.Up); // Create a fan connecting the bottom vertex to the bottom latitude ring. for (int i = 0; i < horizontalSegments; i++) { AddIndex(0); AddIndex(1 + (i + 1) % horizontalSegments); AddIndex(1 + i); } // Fill the sphere body with triangles joining each pair of latitude rings. for (int i = 0; i < verticalSegments - 2; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < horizontalSegments; j++) { int nextI = i + 1; int nextJ = (j + 1) % horizontalSegments; base.AddIndex(1 + i * horizontalSegments + j); base.AddIndex(1 + i * horizontalSegments + nextJ); base.AddIndex(1 + nextI * horizontalSegments + j); base.AddIndex(1 + i * horizontalSegments + nextJ); base.AddIndex(1 + nextI * horizontalSegments + nextJ); base.AddIndex(1 + nextI * horizontalSegments + j); } } // Create a fan connecting the top vertex to the top latitude ring. for (int i = 0; i < horizontalSegments; i++) { base.AddIndex(CurrentVertex - 1); base.AddIndex(CurrentVertex - 2 - (i + 1) % horizontalSegments); base.AddIndex(CurrentVertex - 2 - i); } base.InitializePrimitive(device); } The tricky part now is to arrange the spheres at the bottom of the cone. I tried is to draw just the cone and then draw the spheres. I need a lot of these cones, so it would be pretty hard to calculate all the positions correctly. Second Attempt So the second try was to generate a object that builds all vertices of the cone and all of the spheres at once. So I was hoping to render a cone with all its spheres arranged correctly. After a short debug I found out that the cone is created and the first sphere, when it turn of the second sphere I am running into an OutOfBoundsException of ushort.MaxValue. Cone and Spheres public ConeWithSpheres(GraphicsDevice device, float height, float coneDiameter, float sphereDiameter, int coneTessellation, int sphereTessellation, int numberOfSpheres) { if (coneTessellation < 3) { throw new ArgumentException(string.Format("{0} is to small for the tessellation of the cone. The number must be greater or equal to 3", coneTessellation)); } if (sphereTessellation < 3) { throw new ArgumentException(string.Format("{0} is to small for the tessellation of the sphere. The number must be greater or equal to 3", sphereTessellation)); } //set properties this.Height = height; this.ConeDiameter = coneDiameter; this.SphereDiameter = sphereDiameter; this.NumberOfChildren = numberOfSpheres; //end set properties //generate the cone this.GenerateCone(device, coneTessellation); //generate the spheres //vector that defines the Y position of the sphere on the cones bottom Vector3 lowering = new Vector3(0, 0.888f, 0); this.GenerateSpheres(device, sphereTessellation, numberOfSpheres, lowering); } // ------ GENERATE CONE ------ private void GenerateCone(GraphicsDevice device, int coneTessellation) { int doubleTessellation = coneTessellation * 2; //Create a ring of triangels around the outside of the cones bottom for (int index = 0; index < coneTessellation; index++) { Vector3 normal = this.GetCircleVector(index, coneTessellation); //add the vertices for the top of the cone base.AddVertex(Vector3.Up * this.Height, normal); //add the bottom of the cone base.AddVertex(normal * this.ConeRadius + Vector3.Down * this.Height, normal); //add indices base.AddIndex(index * 2); base.AddIndex(index * 2 + 1); base.AddIndex((index * 2 + 2) % doubleTessellation); base.AddIndex(index * 2 + 1); base.AddIndex((index * 2 + 3) % doubleTessellation); base.AddIndex((index * 2 + 2) % doubleTessellation); } //create flate triangle to seal the bottom this.CreateCap(coneTessellation, this.Height, this.ConeRadius, Vector3.Down); base.InitializePrimitive(device); } // ------ GENERATE SPHERES ------ private void GenerateSpheres(GraphicsDevice device, int sphereTessellation, int numberOfSpheres, Vector3 lowering) { int verticalSegments = sphereTessellation; int horizontalSegments = sphereTessellation * 2; for (int childCount = 1; childCount < numberOfSpheres; childCount++) { //single vertex at the bottom of the sphere base.AddVertex((this.GetCircleVector(childCount, this.NumberOfChildren) * this.SphereRadius) + lowering, Vector3.Down); for (int verticalSegmentsCount = 0; verticalSegmentsCount < verticalSegments; verticalSegmentsCount++) { float latitude = ((verticalSegmentsCount + 1) * MathHelper.Pi / verticalSegments) - MathHelper.PiOver2; float dy = (float)Math.Sin(latitude); float dxz = (float)Math.Cos(latitude); //create a single ring of latitudes for (int horizontalSegmentsCount = 0; horizontalSegmentsCount < horizontalSegments; horizontalSegmentsCount++) { float longitude = horizontalSegmentsCount * MathHelper.TwoPi / horizontalSegments; float dx = (float)Math.Cos(longitude) * dxz; float dz = (float)Math.Sin(longitude) * dxz; Vector3 normal = new Vector3(dx, dy, dz); base.AddVertex((normal * this.SphereRadius) + lowering, normal); } } //finish with a single vertex at the top of the sphere base.AddVertex((this.GetCircleVector(childCount, this.NumberOfChildren) * this.SphereRadius) + lowering, Vector3.Up); //create a fan connecting the bottom vertex to the bottom latitude ring for (int i = 0; i < horizontalSegments; i++) { base.AddIndex(0); base.AddIndex(1 + (i + 1) % horizontalSegments); base.AddIndex(1 + i); } //Fill the sphere body with triangles joining each pair of latitude rings for (int i = 0; i < verticalSegments - 2; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < horizontalSegments; j++) { int nextI = i + 1; int nextJ = (j + 1) % horizontalSegments; base.AddIndex(1 + i * horizontalSegments + j); base.AddIndex(1 + i * horizontalSegments + nextJ); base.AddIndex(1 + nextI * horizontalSegments + j); base.AddIndex(1 + i * horizontalSegments + nextJ); base.AddIndex(1 + nextI * horizontalSegments + nextJ); base.AddIndex(1 + nextI * horizontalSegments + j); } } //create a fan connecting the top vertiex to the top latitude for (int i = 0; i < horizontalSegments; i++) { base.AddIndex(this.CurrentVertex - 1); base.AddIndex(this.CurrentVertex - 2 - (i + 1) % horizontalSegments); base.AddIndex(this.CurrentVertex - 2 - i); } base.InitializePrimitive(device); } } Any ideas how I could fix this?

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  • Maya .IFF plugins for Gimp

    - by Kara Marfia
    Maya's preferred format for saving off a UV Snapshot is its own .IFF format, so I was hoping to find a plugin allowing Gimp 2 (Windows) to read it. I've found plenty of plugins for different linux distros, but none are win-friendly (that I can discern - admittedly I'm no whiz with Gimp). Does anyone know of one? Alternately, .tiff seems to work just fine, so if there's no good reason to bother fiddling with IFFs, I'd appreciate the input there, too. (sorry if this isn't on-topic)

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  • Any reliable polygon normal calculation code?

    - by Jenko
    I'm currently calculating the normal vector of a polygon using this code, but for some faces here and there it calculates a wrong normal. I don't really know what's going on or where it fails but its not reliable. Do you have any polygon normal calculation that's tested and found to be reliable? // calculate normal of a polygon using all points var n:int = points.length; var x:Number = 0; var y:Number = 0; var z:Number = 0 // ensure all points above 0 var minx:Number = 0, miny:Number = 0, minz:Number = 0; for (var p:int = 0, pl:int = points.length; p < pl; p++) { var po:_Point3D = points[p] = points[p].clone(); if (po.x < minx) { minx = po.x; } if (po.y < miny) { miny = po.y; } if (po.z < minz) { minz = po.z; } } for (p = 0; p < pl; p++) { po = points[p]; po.x -= minx; po.y -= miny; po.z -= minz; } var cur:int = 1, prev:int = 0, next:int = 2; for (var i:int = 1; i <= n; i++) { // using Newell method x += points[cur].y * (points[next].z - points[prev].z); y += points[cur].z * (points[next].x - points[prev].x); z += points[cur].x * (points[next].y - points[prev].y); cur = (cur+1) % n; next = (next+1) % n; prev = (prev+1) % n; } // length of the normal var length:Number = Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y + z * z); // turn large values into a unit vector if (length != 0){ x = x / length; y = y / length; z = z / length; }else { throw new Error("Cannot calculate normal since triangle has an area of 0"); }

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  • Physics timestep questions

    - by SSL
    I've got a projectile working perfectly using the code below: //initialised in loading screen 60 is the FPS - projectilEposition and velocity are Vector3 types gravity = new Vector3(0, -(float)9.81 / 60, 0); //called every frame projectilePosition += projectileVelocity; This seems to work fine but I've noticed in various projectile examples I've seen that the elapsedtime per update is taken into account. What's the difference between the two and how can I convert the above to take into account the elapsedtime? (I'm using XNA - do I use ElapsedTime.TotalSeconds or TotalMilliseconds)? Edit: Forgot to add my attempt at using elapsedtime, which seemed to break the physics: projectileVelocity.Y += -(float)((9.81 * gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds * gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds) * 0.5f); Thanks for the help

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  • Distributed C++ game server which use database.

    - by Slav
    Hello. My C++ turn-based game server (which uses database) does stand against current average amount of clients (players), so I want to expand it to multiple (more then one) amount of computers and databases where all clients still will remain within single game world (servers will must communicate with each other and use multiple databases). Is there some tutorials/books/common standards which explain how to do it in a best way?

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  • Modify game using external file

    - by Veehmot
    In Flash, for example, I can place an xml file along with the binary, then if I modify some variable the game will change for everyone. How to achieve something like that in Android? I know that for every change I make to the game, the player would need to download a new update. But the main goal I'm looking for, is modifying a game stats without the need for recompile the entire APK. I'm working with Haxe+OpenFL.

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