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• How to layout class definition when inheriting from multiple interfaces

  - by gabr

  Given two interface definitions ... IOmniWorkItem = interface ['{3CE2762F-B7A3-4490-BF22-2109C042EAD1}'] function GetData: TOmniValue; function GetResult: TOmniValue; function GetUniqueID: int64; procedure SetResult(const value: TOmniValue); // procedure Cancel; function DetachException: Exception; function FatalException: Exception; function IsCanceled: boolean; function IsExceptional: boolean; property Data: TOmniValue read GetData; property Result: TOmniValue read GetResult write SetResult; property UniqueID: int64 read GetUniqueID; end; IOmniWorkItemEx = interface ['{3B48D012-CF1C-4B47-A4A0-3072A9067A3E}'] function GetOnWorkItemDone: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate; function GetOnWorkItemDone_Asy: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate; procedure SetOnWorkItemDone(const Value: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate); procedure SetOnWorkItemDone_Asy(const Value: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate); // property OnWorkItemDone: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate read GetOnWorkItemDone write SetOnWorkItemDone; property OnWorkItemDone_Asy: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate read GetOnWorkItemDone_Asy write SetOnWorkItemDone_Asy; end; ... what are your ideas of laying out class declaration that inherits from both of them? My current idea (but I don't know if I'm happy with it): TOmniWorkItem = class(TInterfacedObject, IOmniWorkItem, IOmniWorkItemEx) strict private FData : TOmniValue; FOnWorkItemDone : TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate; FOnWorkItemDone_Asy: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate; FResult : TOmniValue; FUniqueID : int64; strict protected procedure FreeException; protected //IOmniWorkItem function GetData: TOmniValue; function GetResult: TOmniValue; function GetUniqueID: int64; procedure SetResult(const value: TOmniValue); protected //IOmniWorkItemEx function GetOnWorkItemDone: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate; function GetOnWorkItemDone_Asy: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate; procedure SetOnWorkItemDone(const Value: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate); procedure SetOnWorkItemDone_Asy(const Value: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate); public constructor Create(const data: TOmniValue; uniqueID: int64); destructor Destroy; override; public //IOmniWorkItem procedure Cancel; function DetachException: Exception; function FatalException: Exception; function IsCanceled: boolean; function IsExceptional: boolean; property Data: TOmniValue read GetData; property Result: TOmniValue read GetResult write SetResult; property UniqueID: int64 read GetUniqueID; public //IOmniWorkItemEx property OnWorkItemDone: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate read GetOnWorkItemDone write SetOnWorkItemDone; property OnWorkItemDone_Asy: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate read GetOnWorkItemDone_Asy write SetOnWorkItemDone_Asy; end; As noted in answers, composition is a good approach for this example but I'm not sure it applies in all cases. Sometimes I'm using multiple inheritance just to split read and write access to some property into public (typically read-only) and private (typically write-only) part. Does composition still apply here? I'm not really sure as I would have to move the property in question out from the main class and I'm not sure that's the correct way to do it. Example: // public part of the interface interface IOmniWorkItemConfig = interface function OnExecute(const aTask: TOmniBackgroundWorkerDelegate): IOmniWorkItemConfig; function OnRequestDone(const aTask: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate): IOmniWorkItemConfig; function OnRequestDone_Asy(const aTask: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate): IOmniWorkItemConfig; end; // private part of the interface IOmniWorkItemConfigEx = interface ['{42CEC5CB-404F-4868-AE81-6A13AD7E3C6B}'] function GetOnExecute: TOmniBackgroundWorkerDelegate; function GetOnRequestDone: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate; function GetOnRequestDone_Asy: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate; end; // implementing class TOmniWorkItemConfig = class(TInterfacedObject, IOmniWorkItemConfig, IOmniWorkItemConfigEx) strict private FOnExecute : TOmniBackgroundWorkerDelegate; FOnRequestDone : TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate; FOnRequestDone_Asy: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate; public constructor Create(defaults: IOmniWorkItemConfig = nil); public //IOmniWorkItemConfig function OnExecute(const aTask: TOmniBackgroundWorkerDelegate): IOmniWorkItemConfig; function OnRequestDone(const aTask: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate): IOmniWorkItemConfig; function OnRequestDone_Asy(const aTask: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate): IOmniWorkItemConfig; public //IOmniWorkItemConfigEx function GetOnExecute: TOmniBackgroundWorkerDelegate; function GetOnRequestDone: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate; function GetOnRequestDone_Asy: TOmniWorkItemDoneDelegate; end;

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• What's the best way to manage reusable classes/libraries separately?

  - by Tom

  When coding, I naturally often come up with classes or a set of classes with a high reusability. I'm looking for an easy, straight-forward way to work on them separately. I'd like to be able to easily integrate them into any project; it also should be possible to switch to a different version with as few commands as possible. Am I right with the assumption that git (or another VCS) is best suited for this? I thought of setting up local repositories for each class/project/library/plugin and then just cloning/pulling them. It would be great if I could reference those projects by name, not by the full path. Like git clone someproject. edit: To clarify, I know what VCS are about and I do use them. I'm just looking for a comfortable way to store and edit some reusable pieces of code (including unit tests) separately and to be able to include them (without the unit tests) in other projects, without having to manually copy files. Apache Maven is a good example, but I'm looking for a language-independent solution, optimally command-line-based.

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• Why are UUID / GUID's in the format they are?

  - by Xeoncross

  Globally Unique Identifiers (GUID) are a grouped string with a specific format which I assume has a security reason. A GUID is most commonly written in text as a sequence of hexadecimal digits separated into five groups, such as: 3F2504E0-4F89-11D3-9A0C-0305E82C3301 Why aren't GUID/UUID strings just random bytes encoded using hexadecimal of X length? This text notation contains the following fields, separated by hyphens: | Hex digits | Description |------------------------- | 8 | Data1 | 4 | Data2 | 4 | Data3 | 4 | Initial two bytes from Data4 | 12 | Remaining six bytes from Data4 There are also several versions of the UUID standards. Version 4 UUIDs are generally internally stored as a raw array of 128 bits, and typically displayed in a format something like: uuid:xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx

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• Validation and Error Generation when using the Data Mapper Pattern

  - by AndyPerlitch

  I am working on saving state of an object to a database using the data mapper pattern, but I am looking for suggestions/guidance on the validation and error message generation step (step 4 below). Here are the general steps as I see them for doing this: (1) The data mapper is used to get current info (assoc array) about the object in db: +=====================================================+ | person_id | name | favorite_color | age | +=====================================================+ | 1 | Andy | Green | 24 | +-----------------------------------------------------+ mapper returns associative array, eg. Person_Mapper::getPersonById($id) : $person_row = array( 'person_id' => 1, 'name' => 'Andy', 'favorite_color' => 'Green', 'age' => '24', ); (2) the Person object constructor takes this array as an argument, populating its fields. class Person { protected $person_id; protected $name; protected $favorite_color; protected $age; function __construct(array $person_row) { $this->person_id = $person_row['person_id']; $this->name = $person_row['name']; $this->favorite_color = $person_row['favorite_color']; $this->age = $person_row['age']; } // getters and setters... public function toArray() { return array( 'person_id' => $this->person_id, 'name' => $this->name, 'favorite_color' => $this->favorite_color, 'age' => $this->age, ); } } (3a) (GET request) Inputs of an HTML form that is used to change info about the person is populated using Person::getters <form> <input type="text" name="name" value="<?=$person->getName()?>" /> <input type="text" name="favorite_color" value="<?=$person->getFavColor()?>" /> <input type="text" name="age" value="<?=$person->getAge()?>" /> </form> (3b) (POST request) Person object is altered with the POST data using Person::setters $person->setName($_POST['name']); $person->setFavColor($_POST['favorite_color']); $person->setAge($_POST['age']); *(4) Validation and error message generation on a per-field basis - Should this take place in the person object or the person mapper object? - Should data be validated BEFORE being placed into fields of the person object? (5) Data mapper saves the person object (updates row in the database): $person_mapper->savePerson($person); // the savePerson method uses $person->toArray() // to get data in a more digestible format for the // db gateway used by person_mapper Any guidance, suggestions, criticism, or name-calling would be greatly appreciated.

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• Should I charge for travel time as a contractor?

  - by Keith

  Here's a question for all my fellow contractors - I'm paid quite handsomely for my normal contracted hours (any overtime is billed at the same rate) but do you think it fair to bill for travel time to the other end of the country (regional office) when this takes place outside of the normal working day (or overlapping into the evening) as well as actual time holed up in a hotel room when you get there, ready for a normal working day the next day, along with the return journey? Petrol is claimed normally (nominal rate) and hotel is covered by the company I contract for.

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• Developing my momentum on open source projects

  - by sashang

  Hi I've been struggling to develop momentum contributing to open source projects. I have in the past tried with gcc and contributed a fix to libstdc++ but it was a once off and even though I spent months in my spare time on the dev mailing list and reading through things I just never seemed to develop any momentum with the code. Eventually I unsubscribed and got my free time back and uncluttered my mailbox. Like a lot of people I have some little open source defunct projects lying around on the net, but they're not large and I'm the only contributor. At the moment I'm more interested in contributing to a large open source project and want to know how people got started because I find it difficult while working full time to develop any momentum with the code base. Other more regular contributors, who are on the project full-time, are able to make changes at will and as result enter that positive feedback cycle where they understand the code and also know where it's heading. It makes the barrier to entry higher for those that come along later. My questions are to people who actively contribute to large opensource projects, like the Linux kernel, or gcc or clang/llvm or anything else with say a developer head count of more than 10. How did you get started? Was there a large chunk of time in your life that you just could dedicate to working on the project? I know in Linus's case he had a chunk of time (6 months) to get it started. What barriers to entry did you encounter? Can you describe the initial stages of the time spent with the project, from when you had little understanding of the code to when you understood enough to commit regularly. Thanks

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• Is C++11 Uniform Initialization a replacement for the old style syntax?

  - by Robert Dailey

  I understand that C++11's uniform initialization solves some syntactical ambiguity in the language, but in a lot of Bjarne Stroustrup's presentations (particularly those during the GoingNative 2012 talks), his examples primarily use this syntax now whenever he is constructing objects. Is it recommended now to use uniform initialization in all cases? What should the general approach be for this new feature as far as coding style goes and general usage? What are some reasons to not use it? Note that in my mind I'm thinking primarily of object construction as my use case, but if there are other scenarios to consider please let me know.

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• Do I have to learn html and javascript to create web applications?

  - by vainolo

  I am an experienced Java programmer, and I want to create a complex web application requiring dynamic pages, drawings, etc (take SO as an example). Do I have to learn javascript/html in order to create such an application? It is not that I don't want to learn another language (I've done this before), but technology on the javascript environment seems to change so fast that when you finish learning one framework it is already obsolete. I have checked a number of java framework for web development (spring, play), but not deeply. So can these frameworks (or other possible java frameworks that I'm not aware of) be used without learning html/javascript? I also have some python experience. So if I can do the app in python it is also an option.

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• Passing functions into other functions as parameters, bad practice?

  - by BlueHat

  We've been in the process of changing how our AS3 application talks to our back end and we're in the process of implementing a REST system to replace our old one. Sadly the developer who started the work is now on long term sick leave and it's been handed over to me. I've been working with it for the past week or so now and I understand the system, but there's one thing that's been worrying me. There seems to be a lot of passing of functions into functions. For example our class that makes the call to our servers takes in a function that it will then call and pass an object to when the process is complete and errors have been handled etc. It's giving me that "bad feeling" where I feel like it's horrible practice and I can think of some reasons why but I want some confirmation before I propose a re-work to system. I was wondering if anyone had any experience with this possible problem?

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• Legality of copying information from a Wikia? [closed]

  - by Sergio Tapia

  I'm making a website that will act as a compendium for a video game. I noticed that a page from Wikia has a ton of useful content such as background stories and trivia for many of the "entities" in the game. According to their site: The text on Wikia sites is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike License 3.0 (Unported) (CC-BY-SA). I'm not a lawyer; so what is the legality of copying and pasting the information written there collaboratively by the hivemind, into my website? If needed I would not be opposed to pasting the content and providing a source link at the end of each paragraph. Can I paste the content into my site? Thanks for the help!

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• How to handle "porting" software that's still in development

  - by BAM

  My company is building an iOS version of an Android app that our client is developing (but has not yet released). We have access to the latest builds and source, however since the software is frequently re-structured and refactored, we're doing a lot of unnecessary re-work. In addition, the due date on the contract will likely be passed before the client's application is even ready for release. In other words, we're supposed to build the iOS version before the original Android version is even complete. Luckily the client tossed out the original deadline, but now we may have to renegotiate pricing... never a fun situation. Are we handling this incorrectly? How are "ports" (especially between mobile platforms) normally done? Is there a correct way to pipeline development for multiple platforms without so much re-work? Thanks in advance! :)

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• Motivation Problems, Middle School Programmer [closed]

  - by Anonymous

  I'm in middle school at the moment and have been programming for about a year and a half. I mostly work with Python and Ruby, and am currently learning Rails. I know, you can never learn enough, it takes a looong time to master a subject, but I feel like I don't have much left to learn :(. I've learned many concepts in Python, learned basically the whole std lib and have written a ton of programs, same with Ruby. In Ruby I've also done a lot of metaprogramming. After I've learned all the concepts, and written a lot of programs, there is nothing really left for me to do! What can I do, now that I've learned all the concepts, and written some programs? I can't get a job working with real developers, and the programming camp I went to last year was far too easy.

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• Manual memory allocation and purity

  - by Eonil

  Language like Haskell have concept of purity. In pure function, I can't mutate any state globally. Anyway Haskell fully abstracts memory management, so memory allocation is not a problem here. But if languages can handle memory directly like C++, it's very ambiguous to me. In these languages, memory allocation makes visible mutation. But if I treat making new object as impure action, actually, almost nothing can be pure. So purity concept becomes almost useless. How should I handle purity in languages have memory as visible global object?

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• the requested resource is not available [closed]

  - by James Pj

  I have written a Java servlet program and run it through local Tomcat 7, But it was showing following error : HTTP Status 404 - /skypark/registration type Status report message /skypark/registration description The requested resource is not available. Apache Tomcat/7.0.33 I don't know what was the reason for it my Html page is <html> <head> <title> User registration </title> </head> <body> <form action="registration" method="post"> <center> <h2><b>Skypark User Registration</b></h2> <table border="0"> <tr><td> First Name </td><td> <input type="text" name="fname"/></br> </td></tr><tr><td> Last Name </td><td> <input type="text" name="lname"/></br> </td></tr><tr><td> UserName </td><td> <input type="text" name="uname"></br> </td></tr><tr><td> Enter Password </td><td> <input type="password" name="pass"></br> </td></tr><tr><td> Re-Type Password </td><td> <input type="password" name="pass1"></br> </td></tr><tr><td> Enter Email ID </td><td> <input type="email" name="email1"></br> </td></tr><tr><td> Phone Number </td><td> <input type="number" name="phone"> </td></tr><tr><td> Gender<br> </td></tr><tr><td> <input type="radio" name="gender" value="Male">Male</input></br> </td></tr><tr><td> <input type="radio" name="gender" value="Female">Female</input></br> </td></tr><tr><td> Enter Your Date of Birth<br> </td><td> <Table Border=0> <tr> <td> Date </td> <td>Month</td> <td>Year</td> </tr><tr> <td> <select name="date"> <option value="1">1</option> <option value="2">2</option> <option value="3">3</option> <option value="4">4</option> <option value="5">5</option> . . . have some code . . . </table> <input type="submit" value="Submit"></br> </center> </form> </body> </html> My servlet is : package skypark; import skypark.*; import java.io.*; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; import java.sql.*; public class Registration extends HttpServlet { public static Connection prepareConnection()throws ClassNotFoundException,SQLException { String dcn="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"; String url="jdbc:oracle:thin:@JamesPJ-PC:1521:skypark"; String usname="system"; String pass="tiger"; Class.forName(dcn); return DriverManager.getConnection(url,usname,pass); } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse resp)throws ServletException,IOException { resp.setContentType("text/html"); PrintWriter out=resp.getWriter(); try { String phone1,uname,fname,lname,dob,address,city,state,country,pin,email,password,gender,lang,qual,relegion,privacy,hobbies,fav; uname=req.getParameter("uname"); fname=req.getParameter("fname"); lname=req.getParameter("lname"); dob=req.getParameter("date"); address=req.getParameter("address"); city=req.getParameter("city"); state=req.getParameter("state"); country=req.getParameter("country"); pin=req.getParameter("pin"); email=req.getParameter("email1"); password=req.getParameter("password"); gender=req.getParameter("gender"); phone1=req.getParameter("phone"); lang=""; qual=""; relegion=""; privacy=""; hobbies=""; fav=""; int phone=Integer.parseInt(phone1); Connection con=prepareConnection(); String Query="Insert into regdetails values(?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)"; PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement(Query); ps.setString(1,uname); ps.setString(2,fname); ps.setString(3,lname); ps.setString(4,dob); ps.setString(5,address); ps.setString(6,city); ps.setString(7,state); ps.setString(8,country); ps.setString(9,pin); ps.setString(10,lang); ps.setString(11,qual); ps.setString(12,relegion); ps.setString(13,privacy); ps.setString(14,hobbies); ps.setString(15,fav); ps.setString(16,gender); int c=ps.executeUpdate(); String query="insert into passmanager values(?,?,?,?)"; PreparedStatement ps1=con.prepareStatement(query); ps1.setString(1,uname); ps1.setString(2,password); ps1.setString(3,email); ps1.setInt(4,phone); int i=ps1.executeUpdate(); if(c==1||c==Statement.SUCCESS_NO_INFO && i==1||i==Statement.SUCCESS_NO_INFO) { out.println("<html><head><title>Login</title></head><body>"); out.println("<center><h2>Skypark.com</h2>"); out.println("<table border=0><tr>"); out.println("<td>UserName/E-Mail</td>"); out.println("<form action=login method=post"); out.println("<td><input type=text name=uname></td>"); out.println("</tr><tr><td>Password</td>"); out.println("<td><input type=password name=pass></td></tr></table>"); out.println("<input type=submit value=Login>"); out.println("</form></body></html>"); } else { out.println("<html><head><title>Error!</title></head><body>"); out.println("<center><b>Given details are incorrect</b>"); out.println(" Please try again</center></body></html>"); RequestDispatcher rd=req.getRequestDispatcher("registration.html"); rd.include(req,resp); return; } } catch(Exception e) { out.println("<html><head><title>Error!</title><body>"); out.println("<b><i>Unable to process try after some time</i></b>"); out.println("</body></html>"); RequestDispatcher rd=req.getRequestDispatcher("registration.html"); rd.include(req,resp); return; } out.flush(); out.close(); } } And the web.xml file is <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0" metadata-complete="true"> <servlet> <servlet-name>reg</servlet-name> <servlet-class>skypark.Registration</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>reg</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/registration</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> This i kept in C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Tomcat 7.0\webapps\skypark\WEB_INF\web.xml and servlet class in C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Tomcat 7.0\webapps\skypark\WEB_INF\classes\skypark and registration.html in C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Tomcat 7.0\webapps\skypark\ if any mistake in this makes above error means please help me.Thanks in advance....

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• As a software architect, am I supposed to focus that much on analysing the logs and fixing other's bugs?

  - by Hatem81

  Since my graduation (late 2005) I was working for the same company as a c++ software engineer. A year ago I was promoted as a software architect but I have found myself involved more and more in qualification and fixing bugs, level 2 support. 50% of my time spent in Notepad++ analysing the software logs and trying to figure out what went wrong. 30% fixing other's bugs and the remaining (if any) reviewing developers spaghetti code. I started hating this product and thinking about an exit strategy out of this company. What do you think I can do in this situation? do you other software architect still fixing bugs in the code?

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• Why is not there a python compiler to native machine's code?

  - by user2986898

  As I understand, the cause of the speed difference between compiled languages and python is, that the first compiles code all way to the native machine's code, whereas python compiles to python bytecode, to be interpreted by the PVM. I see that this way python codes can be used on multiple operation system (at least in most cases), however I do not understand, why is not there an additional (and optional) compiler for python, which compiles the same way as traditional compilers. This would leave to the programmer to chose, which is more important to them; multiplatform executability or performance on native machine. In general; why are not there any languages which could be behave both as compiled and interpreted?

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• Writing a method to 'transform' an immutable object: how should I approach this?

  - by Prog

  (While this question has to do with a concrete coding dilemma, it's mostly about what's the best way to design a function.) I'm writing a method that should take two Color objects, and gradually transform the first Color into the second one, creating an animation. The method will be in a utility class. My problem is that Color is an immutable object. That means that I can't do color.setRGB or color.setBlue inside a loop in the method. What I can do, is instantiate a new Color and return it from the method. But then I won't be able to gradually change the color. So I thought of three possible solutions: 1- The client code includes the method call inside a loop. For example: int duration = 1500; // duration of the animation in milliseconds int steps = 20; // how many 'cycles' the animation will take for(int i=0; i<steps; i++) color = transformColor(color, targetColor, duration, steps); And the method would look like this: Color transformColor(Color original, Color target, int duration, int steps){ int redDiff = target.getRed() - original.getRed(); int redAddition = redDiff / steps; int newRed = original.getRed() + redAddition; // same for green and blue .. Thread.sleep(duration / STEPS); // exception handling omitted return new Color(newRed, newGreen, newBlue); } The disadvantage of this approach is that the client code has to "do part of the method's job" and include a for loop. The method doesn't do it's work entirely on it's own, which I don't like. 2- Make a mutable Color subclass with methods such as setRed, and pass objects of this class into transformColor. Then it could look something like this: void transformColor(MutableColor original, Color target, int duration){ final int STEPS = 20; int redDiff = target.getRed() - original.getRed(); int redAddition = redDiff / steps; int newRed = original.getRed() + redAddition; // same for green and blue .. for(int i=0; i<STEPS; i++){ original.setRed(original.getRed() + redAddition); // same for green and blue .. Thread.sleep(duration / STEPS); // exception handling omitted } } Then the calling code would usually look something like this: // The method will usually transform colors of JComponents JComponent someComponent = ... ; // setting the Color in JComponent to be a MutableColor Color mutableColor = new MutableColor(someComponent.getForeground()); someComponent.setForeground(mutableColor); // later, transforming the Color in the JComponent transformColor((MutableColor)someComponent.getForeground(), new Color(200,100,150), 2000); The disadvantage is - the need to create a new class MutableColor, and also the need to do casting. 3- Pass into the method the actual mutable object that holds the color. Then the method could do object.setColor or similar every iteration of the loop. Two disadvantages: A- Not so elegant. Passing in the object that holds the color just to transform the color feels unnatural. B- While most of the time this method will be used to transform colors inside JComponent objects, other kinds of objects may have colors too. So the method would need to be overloaded to receive other types, or receive Objects and have instanceof checks inside.. Not optimal. Right now I think I like solution #2 the most, than solution #1 and solution #3 the least. However I'd like to hear your opinions and suggestions regarding this.

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• Amazon Kindle - Whispersync implementation?

  - by Bala

  For those who are not aware of Kindle's whispersync, here is how it works (from amazon.com): "...Whispersync synchronizes the bookmarks and furthest page read among devices registered to the same account. Whispersync is on by default to ensure a seamless reading experience for a book read across multiple Kindles." Can anyone give some details on how the Whispersync feature is implemented in Kindle and in the Backend of Amazon? I am guessing this implementation involves a very simple hashmap for each user account. Each hashmap maps Books with satellite information about the book. Satellite information contains bookmarks, furthest page read, device on which it was read, etc.. Thanks!

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• Career Shifters: How to compete with IT/ComSci graduates

  - by CareerShifter

  I am wondering what are the chances of a career shifter (mid 20's), who have maybe 3-6 months programming experience vs. younger fresh IT/Com Sci graduates. You see, even though I really love programming (Java/J2EE), but nobody gives me a feedback when I apply online. maybe because they preferred IT/ComSci graduates vs a career shifter like me.. So can you advice on how to improve my chance on being hired. How can i get a real-job programming experince if nobody is hiring me. I can make my own projects (working e-commerce site blah blah) but it is still different from the real job. And my codes are working but it still needs a lot of improvement and no one can tell me how to improve it because no one sees it (because I'm doing it alone?). Do you know any open source websites (java/j2ee/jee) / online home-based jobs who accepts java/j2ee/jee trainees.. Thank you very much

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• returning null vs returning zero, which would be better?

  - by Dark Star1

  I inherited a project that I am managing and having to maintain pending the redevelopment of the code base. At the moment I am being tasked with adding little feature all over the place and have gotten into the habit of returning null instead of zero in parts of the code where I am working on. The problem is we have a client that is using this code and parts of code that require data from my implemented features recieve a null and dump the stack trace in UI. I would like to avoid this entirely from my input but without the nullPointer exceptions there's the potential that errors would be introduced into the client's data which may go un-noticed. Usually I would have come up with my own error notification system but I have never inherited a project before. so I am unsure whether to continue down this path. I still believe that the stack dump is preferable to un-noticed data corruption/inaccuracies.

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• Why is quicksort better than other sorting algorithms in practice?

  - by Raphael

  This is a repost of a question on cs.SE by Janoma. Full credits and spoils to him or cs.SE. In a standard algorithms course we are taught that quicksort is O(n log n) on average and O(n²) in the worst case. At the same time, other sorting algorithms are studied which are O(n log n) in the worst case (like mergesort and heapsort), and even linear time in the best case (like bubblesort) but with some additional needs of memory. After a quick glance at some more running times it is natural to say that quicksort should not be as efficient as others. Also, consider that students learn in basic programming courses that recursion is not really good in general because it could use too much memory, etc. Therefore (and even though this is not a real argument), this gives the idea that quicksort might not be really good because it is a recursive algorithm. Why, then, does quicksort outperform other sorting algorithms in practice? Does it have to do with the structure of real-world data? Does it have to do with the way memory works in computers? I know that some memories are way faster than others, but I don't know if that's the real reason for this counter-intuitive performance (when compared to theoretical estimates).

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• Should I continue teaching old Java input methods alongside the new ones?

  - by user1598390

  I've been imparting a Java introduction course for several years. Some slides explain how to read from files and keyboard using BufferedReaders, InputStreams, FileInputStreamReaders etc. I'm adding slides explaining how to achieve this using more up to date approaches like Scanner. Should I leave out the old BufferedReaders, InputStreams and FileInputStreamReaders slides altogether, and teach only the new methods, or should I continue to teach these methods for the sake of completeness ? Will my students benefit from learning how to read from files and keyboard the old way ?

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• Which frontend framework/library should I learn to enhance an existing site? [on hold]

  - by Codemonkey

  I have a large site that I've coded by hand over the last couple of years. It's a sports results service, and allows users to view their results, compare themselves to others, buy photographs, that sort of thing. The code base is fairly substantial, and scarily uses no frameworks or libraries. It's a PHP backend, and a clean & compact frontend. I use the Highcharts library, but other than that all of the JS is my own. I'm not a fan of bulk, even if it is CDN-hosted and heavily cachable. Maybe I need to change my outlook on this? I'm wanting to make some significant changes to the site now, and it seems an appropriate time to enhance my skillset by learning AngularJS, or something else of that ilk. A large part of the site is tables of data, and as just one example of the sort of thing I want to achieve, I'd like to let users add/remove/sort columns better than they currently can. Are any of the various frameworks/libraries out there more suitable to shoehorning into an existing project?

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• The design of a generic data synchronizer, or, an [object] that does [actions] with the aid of [helpers]

  - by acheong87

  I'd like to create a generic data-source "synchronizer," where data-source "types" may include MySQL databases, Google Spreadsheets documents, CSV files, among others. I've been trying to figure out how to structure this in terms of classes and interfaces, keeping in mind (what I've read about) composition vs. inheritance and is-a vs. has-a, but each route I go down seems to violate some principle. For simplicity, assume that all data-sources have a header-row-plus-data-rows format. For example, assume that the first rows of Google Spreadsheets documents and CSV files will have column headers, a.k.a. "fields" (to parallel database fields). Also, eventually, I would like to implement this in PHP, but avoiding language-specific discussion would probably be more productive. Here's an overview of what I've tried. Part 1/4: ISyncable class CMySQL implements ISyncable GetFields() // sql query, pdo statement, whatever AddFields() RemFields() ... _dbh class CGoogleSpreadsheets implements ISyncable GetFields() // zend gdata api AddFields() RemFields() ... _spreadsheetKey _worksheetId class CCsvFile implements ISyncable GetFields() // read from buffer AddFields() RemFields() ... _buffer interface ISyncable GetFields() AddFields($field1, $field2, ...) RemFields($field1, $field2, ...) ... CanAddFields() // maybe the spreadsheet is locked for write, or CanRemFields() // maybe no permission to alter a database table ... AddRow() ModRow() RemRow() ... Open() Close() ... First Question: Does it make sense to use an interface, as above? Part 2/4: CSyncer Next, the thing that does the syncing. class CSyncer __construct(ISyncable $A, ISyncable $B) Push() // sync A to B Pull() // sync B to A Sync() // Push() and Pull() only differ in direction; factor. // Sync()'s job is to make sure that the fields on each side // match, to add fields where appropriate and possible, to // account for different column-orderings, etc., and of // course, to add and remove rows as necessary to sync. ... _A _B Second Question: Does it make sense to define such a class, or am I treading dangerously close to the "Kingdom of Nouns"? Part 3/4: CTranslator? ITranslator? Now, here's where I actually get lost, assuming the above is passable. Sometimes, two ISyncables speak different "dialects." For example, believe it or not, Google Spreadsheets (accessed through the Google Data API "list feed") returns column headers lower-cased and stripped of all spaces and symbols! That is, sys_TIMESTAMP is systimestamp, as far as my code can tell. (Yes, I am aware that the "cell feed" does not strip the name so; however cell-by-cell manipulation is too slow for what I'm doing.) One can imagine other hypothetical examples. Perhaps even the data itself can be in different "dialects." But let's take it as given for now, and not argue this if possible. Third Question: How would you implement "translation"? Note: Taking all this as an exercise, I'm more interested in the "idealized" design, rather than the practical one. (God knows that shipped sailed when I began this project.) Part 4/4: Further Thought Here's my train of thought to demonstrate I've thunk, albeit unfruitfully: First, I thought, primitively, "I'll just modify CMySQL::GetFields() to lower-case and strip field names so they're compatible with Google Spreadsheets." But of course, then my class should really be called, CMySQLForGoogleSpreadsheets, and that can't be right. So, the thing which translates must exist outside of an ISyncable implementor. And surely it can't be right to make each translation a method in CSyncer. If it exists outside of both ISyncable and CSyncer, then what is it? (Is it even an "it"?) Is it an abstract class, i.e. abstract CTranslator? Is it an interface, since a translator only does, not has, i.e. interface ITranslator? Does it even require instantiation? e.g. If it's an ITranslator, then should its translation methods be static? (I learned what "late static binding" meant, today.) And, dear God, whatever it is, how should a CSyncer use it? Does it "have" it? Is it, "it"? Who am I? ...am I, "I"? I've attempted to break up the question into sub-questions, but essentially my question is singular: How does one implement an object A that conceptually "links" (has) two objects b1 and b2 that share a common interface B, where certain pairs of b1 and b2 require a helper, e.g. a translator, to be handled by A? Something tells me that I've overcomplicated this design, or violated a principle much higher up. Thank you all very much for your time and any advice you can provide.

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• How to make a text search template?

  - by Flipper

  I am not really sure what to call this, but I am looking for a way to have a "template" for my code to go by when searching for text. I am working on a project where a summary for a piece of text is supplied to the user. I want to allow the user to select a piece of text on the page so that the next time they come across a similar page I can find the text. For instance, lets say somebody goes to foxnews.com and selects the article like in the image below. Then whenever they go to any other foxnews.com article I would be able to identify the text for the article and summarize it for them. But an issue I see with this is for a site like Stack Exchange where you have multiple comments to be selected (like below) which means that I would have to be able to recursively search for all separate pieces of text. Requirements Be able to keep pieces of text separate from each other. Possible Issues DIV's may not contain ids, classes, or names. A piece of text may span across multiple DIVs How to recognize where an old piece of text ends and a new begins. How to store this information for later searching?

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