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• Protecting Windows SMTP service against the spam

  - by MainMa

  Hi, I'm trying to use a Windows SMTP service on Windows Server 2008, but I can't understand how to secure it. Basically, if I open firewall for local network IPs only for %windir%\system32\inetsrv\inetinfo.exe and keep Connection and Relay settings of SMTP Virtual Server to "All except the list below" (with an empty list), a few minutes later I see spam appearing in Queue directory. (Why? Isn't firewall intended to block this?) Now, if I set Connection or Relay to "Only the list below", specifying the range of local IPs, I can't use the SMTP server nevermore (a "Unable to read data from the transport connection: net_io_connectionclosed." exception is thrown). So what is the way to get rid of spam from internet but let send mails from local network?

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• Automatic storing package before installing it on .deb based system?

  - by macias

  The reason I am asking this question is I am concerned about simple rollback (I already read how to find out what packages were installed). So I would like to set global (per entire system) option, that forces system to store each package before installing/updating it. With such workflow, I could update whatever I want, and if for example the newest version of Dolphin would be worse than previous one I could simply go to directory with stored packages and install previous version instead (the previous version is either base version -- on ISO -- or version from previous update). Is there such feature as global option to automatically store each package before install? It have to be guaranteed that no package is updated on-fly, i.e. without being stored before. I am learning LMDE, but answer for any .deb based system would be fine -- Ubuntu, Debian, you name it.

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• After updating debian lenny, ps stops recognising my users

  - by William Coates

  Since upgrading my debian lenny box with apt-get, ps seems to be behaving strangely, and also if i run top i see under the user column the ids, not the names. whoami => foo ps -U foo => ERROR: User name does not exist. I get this output when I run "strace -e trace=open ps -U foo 2&1 | less", seems just this /usr/lib/libnss_compat.so.2 doesnt exist: open("/etc/mtab", O_RDONLY) = 3 open("/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 3 open("/proc/self/stat", O_RDONLY) = 3 open("/proc/uptime", O_RDONLY) = 3 open("/etc/nsswitch.conf", O_RDONLY) = 4 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = 4 open("/lib/libnss_compat.so.2", O_RDONLY)=4 open("/usr/lib/libnss_compat.so.2", O_RDONLY)=-1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/proc/self/stat", O_RDONLY)= 4

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• Does Hauppauge WinTV HVR-900 (r2) [USB ID 2040:6502] work with ubuntu 12.04 LTS?

  - by nightfly

  I have this DVB+Analog usb tv tuner Hauppauge WinTV HVR-900 (r2) [USB ID 2040:6502]. This used to work under ubuntu 10.04 LTS. But in 12.04 there seems to be a problem. I have linux-firmware-nonfree and ivtv-utils installed. I am running Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS 64 bit with all updates installed and the default unity environment. When I run mplayer tv:// -tv driver=v4l2:device=/dev/video1:input=1:norm=PAL I get a solid green screen and no picture. Here input 1 is the composite input of the card. MPlayer svn r34540 (Ubuntu), built with gcc-4.6 (C) 2000-2012 MPlayer Team mplayer: could not connect to socket mplayer: No such file or directory Failed to open LIRC support. You will not be able to use your remote control. Playing tv://. TV file format detected. Selected driver: v4l2 name: Video 4 Linux 2 input author: Martin Olschewski comment: first try, more to come ;-) Selected device: Hauppauge WinTV HVR 900 (R2) Tuner cap: Tuner rxs: Capabilities: video capture VBI capture device tuner audio read/write streaming supported norms: 0 = NTSC; 1 = NTSC-M; 2 = NTSC-M-JP; 3 = NTSC-M-KR; 4 = NTSC-443; 5 = PAL; 6 = PAL-BG; 7 = PAL-H; 8 = PAL-I; 9 = PAL-DK; 10 = PAL-M; 11 = PAL-N; 12 = PAL-Nc; 13 = PAL-60; 14 = SECAM; 15 = SECAM-B; 16 = SECAM-G; 17 = SECAM-H; 18 = SECAM-DK; 19 = SECAM-L; 20 = SECAM-Lc; inputs: 0 = Television; 1 = Composite1; 2 = S-Video; Current input: 1 Current format: YUYV v4l2: current audio mode is : MONO v4l2: ioctl set format failed: Invalid argument v4l2: ioctl set format failed: Invalid argument v4l2: ioctl set format failed: Invalid argument v4l2: ioctl query control failed: Invalid argument v4l2: ioctl query control failed: Invalid argument v4l2: ioctl query control failed: Invalid argument v4l2: ioctl query control failed: Invalid argument Failed to open VDPAU backend libvdpau_nvidia.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory [vdpau] Error when calling vdp_device_create_x11: 1 ========================================================================== Opening video decoder: [raw] RAW Uncompressed Video Movie-Aspect is undefined - no prescaling applied. VO: [xv] 640x480 = 640x480 Packed YUY2 Selected video codec: [rawyuy2] vfm: raw (RAW YUY2) ========================================================================== Audio: no sound Starting playback... v4l2: select timeout V: 0.0 2/ 2 ??% ??% ??,?% 0 0 v4l2: select timeout V: 0.0 4/ 4 ??% ??% ??,?% 0 0 v4l2: select timeout V: 0.0 6/ 6 ??% ??% ??,?% 0 0 v4l2: select timeout v4l2: 0 frames successfully processed, 1 frames dropped. Exiting... (Quit) Here is the dmesg of the card when plugged in.. [12742.228097] usb 1-4: new high-speed USB device number 3 using ehci_hcd [12742.367289] em28xx: New device WinTV HVR-900 @ 480 Mbps (2040:6502, interface 0, class 0) [12742.367296] em28xx: Audio Vendor Class interface 0 found [12742.367585] em28xx #0: chip ID is em2882/em2883 [12742.550086] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom 00: 1a eb 67 95 40 20 02 65 d0 12 5c 03 82 1e 6a 18 [12742.550104] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom 10: 00 00 24 57 66 07 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 [12742.550120] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom 20: 46 00 01 00 f0 10 02 00 b8 00 00 00 5b e0 00 00 [12742.550135] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom 30: 00 00 20 40 20 6e 02 20 10 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 [12742.550150] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom 40: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 [12742.550165] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom 50: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 [12742.550181] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom 60: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 18 03 34 00 30 00 [12742.550196] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom 70: 32 00 37 00 38 00 32 00 33 00 39 00 30 00 31 00 [12742.550211] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom 80: 00 00 1e 03 57 00 69 00 6e 00 54 00 56 00 20 00 [12742.550226] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom 90: 48 00 56 00 52 00 2d 00 39 00 30 00 30 00 00 00 [12742.550241] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom a0: 84 12 00 00 05 50 1a 7f d4 78 23 fa fd d0 28 89 [12742.550257] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom b0: ff 00 00 00 04 84 0a 00 01 01 20 77 00 40 1d b7 [12742.550272] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom c0: 13 f0 74 02 01 00 01 79 63 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 [12742.550287] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom d0: 84 12 00 00 05 50 1a 7f d4 78 23 fa fd d0 28 89 [12742.550302] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom e0: ff 00 00 00 04 84 0a 00 01 01 20 77 00 40 1d b7 [12742.550317] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom f0: 13 f0 74 02 01 00 01 79 63 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 [12742.550334] em28xx #0: EEPROM ID= 0x9567eb1a, EEPROM hash = 0x2bbf3bdd [12742.550338] em28xx #0: EEPROM info: [12742.550340] em28xx #0: AC97 audio (5 sample rates) [12742.550343] em28xx #0: 500mA max power [12742.550346] em28xx #0: Table at 0x24, strings=0x1e82, 0x186a, 0x0000 [12742.552590] em28xx #0: Identified as Hauppauge WinTV HVR 900 (R2) (card=18) [12742.555516] tveeprom 15-0050: Hauppauge model 65018, rev B2C0, serial# 1292061 [12742.555523] tveeprom 15-0050: tuner model is Xceive XC3028 (idx 120, type 71) [12742.555529] tveeprom 15-0050: TV standards PAL(B/G) PAL(I) PAL(D/D1/K) ATSC/DVB Digital (eeprom 0xd4) [12742.555534] tveeprom 15-0050: audio processor is None (idx 0) [12742.555537] tveeprom 15-0050: has radio [12742.570297] tuner 15-0061: Tuner -1 found with type(s) Radio TV. [12742.570327] xc2028 15-0061: creating new instance [12742.570332] xc2028 15-0061: type set to XCeive xc2028/xc3028 tuner [12742.573685] xc2028 15-0061: Loading 80 firmware images from xc3028-v27.fw, type: xc2028 firmware, ver 2.7 [12742.624056] xc2028 15-0061: Loading firmware for type=BASE MTS (5), id 0000000000000000. [12744.126591] xc2028 15-0061: Loading firmware for type=MTS (4), id 000000000000b700. [12744.153586] xc2028 15-0061: Loading SCODE for type=MTS LCD NOGD MONO IF SCODE HAS_IF_4500 (6002b004), id 000000000000b700. [12744.280963] Registered IR keymap rc-hauppauge [12744.281151] input: em28xx IR (em28xx #0) as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.7/usb1/1-4/rc/rc1/input10 [12744.281541] rc1: em28xx IR (em28xx #0) as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.7/usb1/1-4/rc/rc1 [12744.282454] em28xx #0: Config register raw data: 0xd0 [12744.284709] em28xx #0: AC97 vendor ID = 0xffffffff [12744.285829] em28xx #0: AC97 features = 0x6a90 [12744.285832] em28xx #0: Empia 202 AC97 audio processor detected [12744.359211] em28xx #0: v4l2 driver version 0.1.3 [12744.404066] xc2028 15-0061: Loading firmware for type=BASE F8MHZ MTS (7), id 0000000000000000. [12745.915089] MTS (4), id 00000000000000ff: [12745.915100] xc2028 15-0061: Loading firmware for type=MTS (4), id 0000000100000007. [12746.161668] em28xx #0: V4L2 video device registered as video1 [12746.161673] em28xx #0: V4L2 VBI device registered as vbi0 [12746.162845] em28xx-audio.c: probing for em28xx Audio Vendor Class [12746.162848] em28xx-audio.c: Copyright (C) 2006 Markus Rechberger [12746.162851] em28xx-audio.c: Copyright (C) 2007-2011 Mauro Carvalho Chehab [12746.221099] xc2028 15-0061: attaching existing instance [12746.221105] xc2028 15-0061: type set to XCeive xc2028/xc3028 tuner [12746.221109] em28xx #0: em28xx #0/2: xc3028 attached [12746.221113] DVB: registering new adapter (em28xx #0) [12746.221118] DVB: registering adapter 0 frontend 0 (Micronas DRXD DVB-T)... [12746.221869] em28xx #0: Successfully loaded em28xx-dvb [13111.196055] xc2028 15-0061: Loading firmware for type=BASE F8MHZ MTS (7), id 0000000000000000. [13112.720062] MTS (4), id 00000000000000ff: [13112.720072] xc2028 15-0061: Loading firmware for type=MTS (4), id 0000000100000007. [13214.956057] xc2028 15-0061: Loading firmware for type=BASE F8MHZ MTS (7), id 0000000000000000. [13216.479806] MTS (4), id 00000000000000ff: [13216.479816] xc2028 15-0061: Loading firmware for type=MTS (4), id 0000000100000007. [13276.408056] xc2028 15-0061: Loading firmware for type=BASE F8MHZ MTS (7), id 0000000000000000. [13277.932093] MTS (4), id 00000000000000ff: [13277.932104] xc2028 15-0061: Loading firmware for type=MTS (4), id 0000000100000007. [13305.032076] xc2028 15-0061: Loading firmware for type=BASE F8MHZ MTS (7), id 0000000000000000. [13306.556449] MTS (4), id 00000000000000ff: [13306.556460] xc2028 15-0061: Loading firmware for type=MTS (4), id 0000000100000007. [13392.236055] xc2028 15-0061: Loading firmware for type=BASE F8MHZ MTS (7), id 0000000000000000. [13393.760123] MTS (4), id 00000000000000ff: [13393.760133] xc2028 15-0061: Loading firmware for type=MTS (4), id 0000000100000007. [13637.534053] usb 1-4: USB disconnect, device number 3 [13637.534183] em28xx #0: disconnecting em28xx #0 video [13637.560214] em28xx #0: V4L2 device vbi0 deregistered [13637.560335] em28xx #0: V4L2 device video1 deregistered [13637.561237] xc2028 15-0061: destroying instance [13639.772120] usb 1-4: new high-speed USB device number 4 using ehci_hcd [13639.911351] em28xx: New device WinTV HVR-900 @ 480 Mbps (2040:6502, interface 0, class 0) [13639.911357] em28xx: Audio Vendor Class interface 0 found [13639.911637] em28xx #0: chip ID is em2882/em2883 [13640.094262] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom 00: 1a eb 67 95 40 20 02 65 d0 12 5c 03 82 1e 6a 18 [13640.094280] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom 10: 00 00 24 57 66 07 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 [13640.094295] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom 20: 46 00 01 00 f0 10 02 00 b8 00 00 00 5b e0 00 00 [13640.094311] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom 30: 00 00 20 40 20 6e 02 20 10 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 [13640.094326] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom 40: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 [13640.094341] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom 50: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 [13640.094356] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom 60: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 18 03 34 00 30 00 [13640.094371] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom 70: 32 00 37 00 38 00 32 00 33 00 39 00 30 00 31 00 [13640.094386] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom 80: 00 00 1e 03 57 00 69 00 6e 00 54 00 56 00 20 00 [13640.094401] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom 90: 48 00 56 00 52 00 2d 00 39 00 30 00 30 00 00 00 [13640.094416] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom a0: 84 12 00 00 05 50 1a 7f d4 78 23 fa fd d0 28 89 [13640.094432] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom b0: ff 00 00 00 04 84 0a 00 01 01 20 77 00 40 1d b7 [13640.094447] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom c0: 13 f0 74 02 01 00 01 79 63 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 [13640.094462] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom d0: 84 12 00 00 05 50 1a 7f d4 78 23 fa fd d0 28 89 [13640.094477] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom e0: ff 00 00 00 04 84 0a 00 01 01 20 77 00 40 1d b7 [13640.094492] em28xx #0: i2c eeprom f0: 13 f0 74 02 01 00 01 79 63 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 [13640.094509] em28xx #0: EEPROM ID= 0x9567eb1a, EEPROM hash = 0x2bbf3bdd [13640.094512] em28xx #0: EEPROM info: [13640.094515] em28xx #0: AC97 audio (5 sample rates) [13640.094517] em28xx #0: 500mA max power [13640.094521] em28xx #0: Table at 0x24, strings=0x1e82, 0x186a, 0x0000 [13640.097391] em28xx #0: Identified as Hauppauge WinTV HVR 900 (R2) (card=18) [13640.099617] tveeprom 15-0050: Hauppauge model 65018, rev B2C0, serial# 1292061 [13640.099623] tveeprom 15-0050: tuner model is Xceive XC3028 (idx 120, type 71) [13640.099629] tveeprom 15-0050: TV standards PAL(B/G) PAL(I) PAL(D/D1/K) ATSC/DVB Digital (eeprom 0xd4) [13640.099634] tveeprom 15-0050: audio processor is None (idx 0) [13640.099637] tveeprom 15-0050: has radio [13640.112849] tuner 15-0061: Tuner -1 found with type(s) Radio TV. [13640.112877] xc2028 15-0061: creating new instance [13640.112882] xc2028 15-0061: type set to XCeive xc2028/xc3028 tuner [13640.115930] xc2028 15-0061: Loading 80 firmware images from xc3028-v27.fw, type: xc2028 firmware, ver 2.7 [13640.164057] xc2028 15-0061: Loading firmware for type=BASE MTS (5), id 0000000000000000. [13641.666643] xc2028 15-0061: Loading firmware for type=MTS (4), id 000000000000b700. [13641.693262] xc2028 15-0061: Loading SCODE for type=MTS LCD NOGD MONO IF SCODE HAS_IF_4500 (6002b004), id 000000000000b700. [13641.820765] Registered IR keymap rc-hauppauge [13641.820958] input: em28xx IR (em28xx #0) as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.7/usb1/1-4/rc/rc2/input11 [13641.821335] rc2: em28xx IR (em28xx #0) as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.7/usb1/1-4/rc/rc2 [13641.822256] em28xx #0: Config register raw data: 0xd0 [13641.824526] em28xx #0: AC97 vendor ID = 0xffffffff [13641.825503] em28xx #0: AC97 features = 0x6a90 [13641.825507] em28xx #0: Empia 202 AC97 audio processor detected [13641.899015] em28xx #0: v4l2 driver version 0.1.3 [13641.944064] xc2028 15-0061: Loading firmware for type=BASE F8MHZ MTS (7), id 0000000000000000. [13643.470765] MTS (4), id 00000000000000ff: [13643.470776] xc2028 15-0061: Loading firmware for type=MTS (4), id 0000000100000007. [13643.717713] em28xx #0: V4L2 video device registered as video1 [13643.717718] em28xx #0: V4L2 VBI device registered as vbi0 [13643.718770] em28xx-audio.c: probing for em28xx Audio Vendor Class [13643.718775] em28xx-audio.c: Copyright (C) 2006 Markus Rechberger [13643.718778] em28xx-audio.c: Copyright (C) 2007-2011 Mauro Carvalho Chehab [13643.777148] xc2028 15-0061: attaching existing instance [13643.777154] xc2028 15-0061: type set to XCeive xc2028/xc3028 tuner [13643.777158] em28xx #0: em28xx #0/2: xc3028 attached [13643.777162] DVB: registering new adapter (em28xx #0) [13643.777167] DVB: registering adapter 0 frontend 0 (Micronas DRXD DVB-T)... [13643.777876] em28xx #0: Successfully loaded em28xx-dvb And here goes the lsmod output lsmod|grep em28xx em28xx_dvb 18579 0 dvb_core 110619 1 em28xx_dvb em28xx_alsa 18305 0 em28xx 109365 2 em28xx_dvb,em28xx_alsa v4l2_common 16454 3 tuner,tvp5150,em28xx videobuf_vmalloc 13589 1 em28xx videobuf_core 26390 2 em28xx,videobuf_vmalloc rc_core 26412 10 rc_hauppauge,ir_lirc_codec,ir_mce_kbd_decoder,ir_sony_decoder,ir_jvc_decoder,ir_rc6_decoder,ir_rc5_decoder,em28xx,ir_nec_decoder snd_pcm 97188 3 em28xx_alsa,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec tveeprom 21249 1 em28xx videodev 98259 5 tuner,tvp5150,em28xx,v4l2_common,uvcvideo snd 78855 14 em28xx_alsa,snd_hda_codec_conexant,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hwdep,snd_pcm,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq,snd_timer,snd_seq_device Isn't this driver mainline now? Or this card is not supported? Or the analog functionality is screwed? I need the analog capture working for this card. Please help!

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• ESXI ftpput fails Syntax problem

  - by Datapimp23

  I'm trying to ftpput my virtual machines dirs to our NAS. Which doesn't support NFS. Only FTP and samba. So I'm in the ESXi console and enter the followin command ftpput ipaddress /vmfs/volumes/4a1157e1-be81171a-1b39-001d09080124/VMNAME /Backup /Backup is a public share on the nas, I can access it through any ftp client. After I enter I get the following ftpput: can't open 'Backup': No such file or directory I'm kind of in the dark here. Any suggestions?

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• Requesting better explanation for etag/expiration of favicon.ico

  - by syn4k

  Following this article: Configuring favicon with expires header in htaccess Using YSlow, I keep getting: (no expires) http://devwww.someplace.com/favicon.ico Also, YSlow indicates: Grade C on Configure entity tags (ETags) for the same file. My relevant config (.htaccess): # Configure ETags FileETag MTime Size <IfModule mod_expires.c> # Enable Expires Headers for this directory and sub directories that don't override it ExpiresActive on # Set default expiration for all files ExpiresDefault "access plus 24 hours" # Add Proper MIME-Type for Favicon AddType image/x-icon .ico # Set specific expriation by file type ExpiresByType image/x-icon "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType image/ico "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType image/icon "access plus 1 month" </IfModule> As you can see, I am setting both, etags and expiration however, both seem to be ignored. Yes, mod_expires is being loaded by my Apache configuration.

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• Best way to bring a system down with a "maintenance" message?

  - by iftrue

  What's the best way to bring down an apache2/tomcat6 setup for maintenance? Specifically, apache2 can stay running, but tomcat needs to restart to accomplish a number of tasks. My initial thought is to change the root directory in the httpd.conf VirtualHost entry to point to a new location, then issue a force-reload command to direct traffic away from the actual tomcat application. After some period of time, I perform tomcat maintenance, switch the VirtualHost entry, and force-reload to begin directing traffic back. Is there a better way to do this? I'm looking to start work on a rather extensive web application, and my deployment procedure right now involves shutting everything down and bringing everything back up. Is there a better way to do this than what I've proposed?

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• Watch videos from a remote computer on the LAN on ubuntu

  - by tapan

  I want to watch the videos on a friends computer on the LAN without having to download it. Both of us are running ubuntu. Now one way is to ssh to his computer, cd to the directory where the video is and run the falling command: cat video.avi | ssh me@mycomputer mplayer - This works. However the problem is that I cannot seek inside the video as in can't go forward or backward in it. Is there a method by which I can watch the videos and also seek in them ? I can install any software on his comp and my comp to aid this process. I have root level access on both computers. Any suggestions ?

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• Install Git on my Media Temple (dv) 4.0 server

  - by Chris

  I'm trying to install Git on my Media Temple (dv) 4.0 server. I've followed these instructions: http://wiki.mediatemple.net/w/%28dv%29_4.0:Install_GIT It seems to have "installed", as there are a boat load of files in the following directory: /root/git-2012-06-06 However, when I perform any git command in the server: git: command not found My assumption is that something, somewhere isn't configured properly, but I have no idea where to start. Could anybody lend a hand / offer some pointers? (And if you hadn't guessed, I'm pretty new to all this, so please be kind!) Thanks very much Chris

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• Why is group write permission ignored in Ubuntu?

  - by NorthPole

  I want my user to have full access to the local Apache root folder, and I also want the Apache user to have full access to the same folder. What I did was create a new group called DevGroup and I added my user and www-data there. Also I changed the permissions to 770 to allow full group access. But now it won't allow me or the Apache user any kind of access to the folder. Here is what I get with ls: drwxrwx--- 12 root DevGroup 4096 Sep 27 17:34 testFolder Which seems perfect but when I try as a user to access the file I get this: var/www$ ls testFolder/ ls: cannot open directory testFolder/: Permission denied Also when I try to access a page in the folder from a browser: [Thu Sep 27 17:47:16 2012] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] PHP Fatal error: Unknown: Failed opening required '/var/www/testFolder/foo.php' (include_path='.:/usr/share/php:/usr/share/pear') in Unknown on line 0 What's the problem and how can I fix it?

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• Cygwin Syntax Trouble

  - by mkrouse

  I'm on windows 7 using Cygwin. My script and text file are located in the same directory. #!/bin/bash while read name; do echo "Name read from file - $name" done < /home/Matt/servers.txt I get this error and I don't know why because this is correct while loop syntax..? u0146121@U0146121-TPD-A ~/Matt $ ./script.sh ./script.sh: line 4: syntax error near unexpected token `done' ./script.sh: line 4: `done < /home/Matt/servers.txt' Can anybody tell me what I'm doing wrong? I think it's because I'm on windows and using Cygwin.

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• Removing DS_Store files and variants?

  - by Ron Gejman

  I am running an Ubuntu 10.04.1 LTS server. Frequently I open up files using AFP from my Mac. Inevitably this created .DS_Store files on the server (although for some reason they are named :2eDS_Store. However, it also creates variants on DS_Store files. These variants are often named similarly to other files in that directory. E.g.: ~$ ls total 60K -rw-r--r-- 1 tarakhovsky 16K 2010-11-30 18:28 :2eDS_Store drwx--S--- 4 tarakhovsky 4.0K 2010-11-08 13:58 :2eTemporaryItems/ lrwxrwxrwx 1 tarakhovsky 15 2010-10-19 17:44 bigdisk -> /media/bigdisk// ... drwxr-xr-x 3 tarakhovsky 4.0K 2010-11-03 18:24 Temporary Items/ drwxr-xr-x 3 tarakhovsky 4.0K 2010-11-30 01:34 tmp/ ... I've disabled creation of DS_Store files using: defaults write com.apple.desktopservices DSDontWriteNetworkStores true so hopefully this won't continue to occur—but I really want to get rid of all of the existing variants of DS_Store files already on the server. Any ideas as to why these variants are being created and how I can get rid of them all?

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• Can't update scala on Gentoo

  - by xhochy

  As I wanted to test Scala 2.9.2 on my gentoo system I tried updated the package but ended up with this error. I can't figure out where the problem may be: Calculating dependencies ...... done! >>> Verifying ebuild manifests >>> Jobs: 0 of 1 complete, 1 running Load avg: 0.23, 0.16, 0.20 >>> Emerging (1 of 1) dev-lang/scala-2.9.2 >>> Jobs: 0 of 1 complete, 1 running Load avg: 0.23, 0.16, 0.20 >>> Failed to emerge dev-lang/scala-2.9.2, Log file: >>> Jobs: 0 of 1 complete, 1 running Load avg: 0.23, 0.16, 0.20 >>> '/var/tmp/portage/dev-lang/scala-2.9.2/temp/build.log' >>> Jobs: 0 of 1 complete, 1 running Load avg: 0.23, 0.16, 0.20 >>> Jobs: 0 of 1 complete, 1 running, 1 failed Load avg: 0.23, 0.16, 0.20 >>> Jobs: 0 of 1 complete, 1 failed Load avg: 0.23, 0.16, 0.20 * Package: dev-lang/scala-2.9.2 * Repository: gentoo * Maintainer: [email protected] * USE: amd64 elibc_glibc kernel_linux multilib userland_GNU * FEATURES: sandbox [01m[31;06m!!! ERROR: Couldn't find suitable VM. Possible invalid dependency string. Due to jdk-with-com-sun requiring a target of 1.7 but the virtual machines constrained by virtual/jdk-1.6 and/or this package requiring virtual(s) jdk-with-com-sun[0m * Unable to determine VM for building from dependencies: NV_DEPEND: virtual/jdk:1.6 java-virtuals/jdk-with-com-sun !binary? ( dev-java/ant-contrib:0 ) app-arch/xz-utils >=dev-java/java-config-2.1.9-r1 source? ( app-arch/zip ) >=dev-java/ant-core-1.7.0 dev-java/ant-nodeps >=dev-java/javatoolkit-0.3.0-r2 >=dev-lang/python-2.4 * ERROR: dev-lang/scala-2.9.2 failed (setup phase): * Failed to determine VM for building. * * Call stack: * ebuild.sh, line 93: Called pkg_setup * scala-2.9.2.ebuild, line 43: Called java-pkg-2_pkg_setup * java-pkg-2.eclass, line 53: Called java-pkg_init * java-utils-2.eclass, line 2187: Called java-pkg_switch-vm * java-utils-2.eclass, line 2674: Called die * The specific snippet of code: * die "Failed to determine VM for building." * * If you need support, post the output of `emerge --info '=dev-lang/scala-2.9.2'`, * the complete build log and the output of `emerge -pqv '=dev-lang/scala-2.9.2'`. !!! When you file a bug report, please include the following information: GENTOO_VM= CLASSPATH="" JAVA_HOME="" JAVACFLAGS="" COMPILER="" and of course, the output of emerge --info * The complete build log is located at '/var/tmp/portage/dev-lang/scala-2.9.2/temp/build.log'. * The ebuild environment file is located at '/var/tmp/portage/dev-lang/scala-2.9.2/temp/die.env'. * Working directory: '/var/tmp/portage/dev-lang/scala-2.9.2' * S: '/var/tmp/portage/dev-lang/scala-2.9.2/work/scala-2.9.2-sources' * Messages for package dev-lang/scala-2.9.2: * Unable to determine VM for building from dependencies: * ERROR: dev-lang/scala-2.9.2 failed (setup phase): * Failed to determine VM for building. * * Call stack: * ebuild.sh, line 93: Called pkg_setup * scala-2.9.2.ebuild, line 43: Called java-pkg-2_pkg_setup * java-pkg-2.eclass, line 53: Called java-pkg_init * java-utils-2.eclass, line 2187: Called java-pkg_switch-vm * java-utils-2.eclass, line 2674: Called die * The specific snippet of code: * die "Failed to determine VM for building." * * If you need support, post the output of `emerge --info '=dev-lang/scala-2.9.2'`, * the complete build log and the output of `emerge -pqv '=dev-lang/scala-2.9.2'`. * The complete build log is located at '/var/tmp/portage/dev-lang/scala-2.9.2/temp/build.log'. * The ebuild environment file is located at '/var/tmp/portage/dev-lang/scala-2.9.2/temp/die.env'. * Working directory: '/var/tmp/portage/dev-lang/scala-2.9.2' * S: '/var/tmp/portage/dev-lang/scala-2.9.2/work/scala-2.9.2-sources' The following eix output may help: % eix java-virtuals/jdk-with-com-sun [I] java-virtuals/jdk-with-com-sun Available versions: 20111111 {{ELIBC="FreeBSD"}} Installed versions: 20111111(16:08:51 18/04/12)(ELIBC="-FreeBSD") Homepage: http://www.gentoo.org Description: Virtual ebuilds that require internal com.sun classes from a JDK Both virtual jdks 1.6 and 1.7 are installed: % eix virtual/jdk [I] virtual/jdk Available versions: (1.4) ~1.4.2-r1[1] (1.5) 1.5.0 ~1.5.0-r3[1] (1.6) 1.6.0 1.6.0-r1 (1.7) (~)1.7.0 Installed versions: 1.6.0-r1(1.6)(23:22:48 10/11/12) 1.7.0(1.7)(23:21:09 10/11/12) Description: Virtual for JDK [1] "java-overlay" /var/lib/layman/java-overlay

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• How to re-install IIS with factory settings?

  - by Palash Mondal

  I had made some changes in IIS 7.5 on Win 7 and after that it has been not working correctly. The website are not opening and they are giving errors. I already tried installing/re-installing IIS using "Turn Windows features on or off" but it didn't help. I also tried to replace "ApplicationHost.Config" file inside "C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\config" with the backup file in "%systemdrive%\inetpub\history" directory but this also didn't help. I want to have the IIS with default factory settings. Thanks!

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• Apache security for multi-user development web server.

  - by mrmartinblue

  I've been searching and reading through documents all morning and understand that I need to use some combination of chown and probably 'jailing' to securely give programmers access to directories on my centos webserver. Here's the situation: I have an apache web server that has any number of virtual sites located in /var/www/site1 /var/www/site2 etc.. I have different developers that need full access both ssh and vsFTP to only the site they are working on. What is the best way to create and maintain security in this scenario. My thought would be to create a new user for each coder, jail that user to the website directory they are allowed to work in, add their user to a group and set the webroot's owner to that group. Any thoughts? Good, bad, ugly? Thanks!

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• Clean Code Development & Flexible work environment - MSCC 26.10.2013

  Finally, some spare time to summarize my impressions and experiences of the recent meetup of Mauritius Software Craftsmanship Community. I already posted my comment on the event and on our social media networks: Professional - It's getting better with our meetups and I really appreciated that 'seniors' and 'juniors' were present today. Despite running a little bit out of time it was really great to see more students coming to the gathering. This time we changed location for our Saturday meetup and it worked out very well. A big thank you to Ebene Accelerator, namely Mrs Poonum, for the ability to use their meeting rooms for our community get-together. Already some weeks ago I had a very pleasant conversation with her about the MSCC aims, 'mission' and how we organise things. Additionally, I think that an environment like the Ebene Accelerator is a good choice as it acts as an incubator for young developers and start-ups. Reactions from other craftsmen Before I put my thoughts about our recent meeting down, I'd like to mention and cross-link to some of the other craftsmen that were present: "MSCC meet up is a massive knowledge gaining strategies for students, future entrepreneurs, or for geeks all around. Knowledge sharing becomes a fun. For those who have not been able to made it do subscribe on our MSCC meet up group at meetup.com." -- Nitin on Learning is fun with #MSCC #Ebene Accelerator "We then talked about the IT industry in Mauritius, salary issues in various field like system administration, software development etc. We analysed the reasons why people tend to hop from one company to another. That was a fun debate." -- Ish on MSCC meetup - Gang of Geeks "Flexible Learning Environment was quite interesting since these lines struck cords : "You're not a secretary....9 to 5 shouldn't suit you"....This allowed reflection...deep reflection....especially regarding the local mindset...which should be changed in a way which would promote creativity rather than choking it till death..." -- Yannick on 2nd MSCC Monthly Meet-up And others on Facebook... ;-) Visual impressions are available on our Meetup event page. More first time attendees We great pleasure I noticed that we have once again more first time visitors. A quick overlook showed that we had a majority of UoM students in first, second or last year. Some of them are already participating in the UoM Computer Club or are nominated as members of the Microsoft Student Partner (MSP) programme. Personally, I really appreciate the fact that the MSCC is able to gather such a broad audience. And as I wrote initially, the MSCC is technology-agnostic; we want IT people from any segment of this business. Of course, students which are about to delve into the 'real world' of working are highly welcome, and I hope that they might get one or other glimpse of experience or advice from employees. Sticking to the schedule? No, not really... And honestly, it was a good choice to go a little bit of the beaten tracks. I mean, yes we have a 'rough' agenda of topics that we would like to talk about or having a presentation about. But we keep it 'agile'. Due to the high number of new faces, we initiated another quick round of introductions and I gave a really brief overview of the MSCC. Next, we started to reflect on the Clean Code Developer (CCD) - Red Grade which we introduced on the last meetup. Nirvan was the lucky one and he did a good job on summarizing the various abbreviations of the first level of being a CCD. Actually, more interesting, we exchanged experience about the principles and practices of Red Grade, and it was very informative to get to know that Yann actually 'interviewed' a couple of friends, other students, local guys working in IT companies as well as some IT friends from India in order to counter-check on what he learned first-hand about Clean Code. Currently, he is reading the book of Robert C. Martin on that topic and I'm looking forward to his review soon. More output generates more input What seems to be like a personal mantra is working out pretty well for me since the beginning of this year. Being more active on social media networks, writing more article on my blog, starting the Mauritius Software Craftsmanship Community, and contributing more to other online communities has helped me to receive more project requests, job offers and possibilities to expand my business at IOS Indian Ocean Software Ltd. Actually, it is not a coincidence that one of the questions new craftsmen should answer during registration asks about having a personal blog. Whether you are just curious about IT, right in the middle of your Computer Studies, or already working in software development or system administration since a while you should consider to advertise and market yourself online. Easiest way to resolve this are to have online profiles on professional social media networks like LinkedIn, Xing, Twitter, and Google+ (no Facebook should be considered for private only), and considering to have a personal blog. Why? -- Be yourself, be proud of your work, and let other people know that you're passionate about your profession. Trust me, this is going to open up opportunities you might not have dreamt about... Exchanging ideas about having a professional online presence - MSCC meetup on the 26th October 2013 Furthermore, consider to put your Curriculum Vitae online, too. There are quite a number of service providers like 1ClickCV, Stack Overflow Careers 2.0, etc. which give you the ability to have an up to date CV online. At least put it on your site, next to your personal blog. Similar to what you would be able to see on my site here. Cyber Island Mauritius - are we there? A couple of weeks ago I got a 'cold' message on LinkedIn from someone living in the U.S. asking about the circumstances and conditions of the IT world of Mauritius. He has a great business idea, venture capital and is currently looking for a team of software developers (mainly mobile - iOS) for a new startup here in Mauritius. Since then we exchanged quite some details through private messages and Skype conversations, and I suggested that it might be a good chance to join our meetup through a conference call and see for yourself about potential candidates. During approximately 30 to 40 minutes the brief idea of the new startup was presented - very promising state-of-the-art technology aspects and integration of various public APIs -, and we had a good Q&A session about it. Also thanks to the excellent bandwidth provided by the Ebene Accelerator the video conference between three parties went absolutely well. Clean Code Developer - Orange Grade Hahaha - nice one... Being at the Orange Tower at Ebene and then talking about an Orange Grade as CCD. Well, once again I provided an overview of the principles and practices in that rank of Clean Code, and similar to our last meetup we discussed on the various aspect of each principle, whether someone already got in touch with it during studies or work, and how it could affect their future view on their source code. Following are the principles and practices of Clean Code Developer - Orange Grade: CCD Orange Grade - Principles Single Level of Abstraction (SLA) Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) Separation of Concerns (SoC) Source Code conventions CCD Orange Grade - Practices Issue Tracking Automated Integration Tests Reading, Reading, Reading Reviews Especially the part on reading technical books got some extra attention. We quickly gathered our views on that and came up with a result that ranges between Zero (0) and up to Fifteen (15) book titles per year. Personally, I'm keeping my progress between Six (6) and Eight (8) titles per year, but at least One (1) per quarter of a year. Which is also connected to the fact that I'm participating in the O'Reilly Reader Review Program and have a another benefit to get access to free books only by writing and publishing a review afterwards. We also had a good exchange on the extended topic of 'Reviews' - which to my opinion is abnormal difficult here in Mauritius for various reasons. As far as I can tell from my experience working with Mauritian software developers, either as colleagues, employees or during consulting services there are unfortunately two dominant pattern on that topic: Keeping quiet Running away Honestly, I have no evidence about why these are the two 'solutions' on reviews but that's the situation that I had to face over the last couple of years. Sitting together and talking about problematic issues, tackling down root causes of de-motivational activities and working on general improvements doesn't seem to have a ground within the IT world of Mauritius. Are you a typist or a creative software craftsman? - MSCC meetup on the 26th October 2013 One very good example that we talked about was the fact of 'job hoppers' as you can easily observe it on someone's CV - those people change job every single year; for no obvious reason! Frankly speaking, I wouldn't even consider an IT person like to for an interview. As a company you're investing money and effort into the abilities of your employees. Hiring someone that won't stay for a longer period is out of question. And sorry to say, these kind of IT guys smell fishy about their capabilities and more likely to cause problems than actually produce productive results. One of the reasons why there is a probation period on an employment contract is to give you the liberty to leave as early as possible in case that you don't like your new position. Don't fool yourself or waste other people's time and money by hanging around a full year only to snatch off the bonus payment... Future outlook: Developer's Conference Even though it is not official yet I already mentioned it several times during our weekly Code & Coffee sessions. The MSCC is looking forward to be able to organise or to contribute to an upcoming IT event. Currently, the rough schedule is set for April 2014 but this mainly depends on availability of location(s), a decent time frame for preparations, and the underlying procedures with public bodies to have it approved and so on. As soon as the information about date and location has been fixed there will be a 'Call for Papers' period in order to attract local IT enthusiasts to apply for a session slot and talk about their field of work and their passion in IT. More to come for sure... My resume of the day It was a great gathering and I am very pleased about the fact that we had another 15 craftsmen (plus 2 businessmen on conference call plus 2 young apprentices) in the same room, talking about IT related topics and sharing their experience as employees and students. Personally, I really appreciated the feedback from the students about their current view on their future career, and I really hope that some of them are going to pursue their dreams. Start promoting yourself and it will happen... Looking forward to your blogs! And last but not least our numbers on Meetup and Facebook have been increased as a direct consequence of this meetup. Please, spread the word about the MSCC and get your friends and colleagues to join our official site. The higher the number of craftsmen we have the better chances we have t achieve something great! Thanks!

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• Having many subdomains with SSL--best practices?

  - by jnunn

  I have a site that has many subdomains (one for each client). The content for each subdomain will be different, pulling different data, different layouts etc, so I don't think I can just alias one directory to many different sub domains. My question is, what's the best practice for doing this? Each subdomain will need SSL. My setup is Amazon EC2 (ubuntu) Wildcard SSL for my domain (*.mydomain.com) Apache 2 PHP (LAMP) Currently, I'm just creating a new entry into "/etc/hosts" and an appropriate spot in the web root (ie /var/www/abc.mydomain.com, /var/www/def.mydomain.com, etc). I've just discovered that I'll need a unique IP for each subdomain, and that's tricky with EC2 as they limit you to the number you can have (unless you jump through some hoops). Right now I have about 10 subdomains, which is manageable, but theoretically I could have thousands. Am I doing it the only way possible or is there a better way I should investigate?

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• Python and mod_wsgi path issue

  - by jasonh

  I have an AIX 6.1 system that I've compiled and installed: Apache 2.2.21 (into /usr/local/mercurial) Python 2.7.2 (into /usr/local/bin and /usr/local/lib) mod_wsgi 3.3 (with the AIX fix #1 described here) Mercurial 2.0 (system-wide) However, when Apache starts, I get the following message in error_log: IOError: invalid Python installation: unable to open /usr/local/bin/lib/python2.7/config/Makefile (No such file or directory) See the problem? bin/lib doesn't exist. /usr/local/lib/python2.7/config/Makefile does exist though. However, I can't figure out where it's getting that path from. Here's the environment variables I've got: PYTHONHOME=/usr/local/bin PYTHONPATH=/usr/local/lib/python2.7 LIBPATH="/usr/local/mercurial/lib:$LIBPATH" PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/lib:$PATH LDR_CNTRL="MAXDATA=0x80000000" AIXTHREAD_SCOPE=S AIXTHREAD_MUTEX_DEBUG=OFF AIXTHREAD_RWLOCK_DEBUG=OFF AIXTHREAD_COND_DEBUG=OFF SPINLOOPTIME=1000 YIELDLOOPTIME=8 MALLOCMULTIHEAP=considersize,heaps:8 I've tried all sorts of combinations with and without PYTHONHOME, PYTHONLIB and PATH in envvars. My PATH, in case it matters is: /usr/bin:/etc:/usr/sbin:/usr/ucb:/usr/bin/X11:/sbin:/usr/opt/ifor/bin:/usr/local/bin:.

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• LamedropXPd-like very simple zipper?

  - by overtherainbow

  Hello A friend of mine needs to zip a bunch of MP3's on her locked-down XP or Vista PC at work. There are two requirements: Since she doesn't have admin rights, the application should either not require an installer, or the installer doesn't require admin rights (don't know if it's possible) Ideally, the UI should be as dead-simple as eg. LamedropXPd, ie. just drag 'n drop files from Windows Explorer onto the icon, and off she has a ZIP file in the same directory as where the MP3's are located. Does someone know of such a utility? Thank you.

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• Error running phusion passenger in standalone mode

  - by msidell

  I'm trying to run standalone phusion passenger so that I can run different ruby rvm configurations on the same host. I already have ruby and passenger running fine on this host. I am following the instructions here. When I run standalone passenger the first time, it appears to successfully install nginx. But then when it tries to run, I get this error: [root@clark directra]# passenger start -a 127.0.0.1 -p 3001 -d --user dweb *** ERROR *** Could not start Passenger Nginx core: nginx: [alert] could not open error log file: open() "/tmp/passenger-standalone.16757/logs/error.log" failed (2: No such file or directory) nginx: [alert] Unable to start the Phusion Passenger watchdog (/var/lib/passenger-standalone/3.0.11-x86-ruby1.9.3-linux-gcc4.1.2-1002/support/ agents/PassengerWatchdog): Permission denied (13) (13: Permission denied) Stopping web server... done FWIW, /tmp is writeable. Any idea what's wrong?

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• How can I get a Windows 2008 print server to deploy to child domains?

  - by Tyler Benson

  I am setting up a print server for our company that has a parent domain and 2 child domains. The print server is on the parent domain and I have no problems getting the print server to deploy printers through group policy to users on its own domain. The problem I am having is that it isn't deploying the printers to users that are in it's child domains. Some other info that may help: I am not sharing or listing printers in the directory I have added pushprinterconnections.exe to the group policy login script Does anything come to mind?

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• Best way to replicate servers

  - by Matthew

  I currently have two servers both with linux software RAID1 configurations. They use heartbeat and DRBD to create a shared DRBD device that hosts a a exported NFS directory. The servers run Ubuntu Server with a LXDE GUI and some IP These servers are going to be placed on fishing vessels to act has redundant storage for IP cameras. My boss wants me to figure out the most efficient way to create these servers. We might be looking at pushing out several systems a week. Each configuration will be almost identical besides IP addressing. What would be the best method to automate the configuration process? We are trying to cut down on labor costs to set these up. Imaging and Proceeding are both on my mind right now

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• Windows Despooler Requires Administrator to Print

  - by Software Monkey

  Does anyone know what changes I might need to make to allow restricted users to print using a printer configured for spooling? My Windows XP SP3 system currently requires me to use an Admin account for printing if the print is configured to spool documents before printing. If the printer is configured for direct printing it works for all accounts. This used to work and some months back it just stopped, and I can't pin down why. The printer itself is configured for all uses to have complete authority. My system is locked down for restricted users given them only read authority to the entire file system except their data directories, which is how I have run my systems for years. I assume there may be a directory somewhere that I need to allow users to write to.

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• Oracle Linux Tips and Tricks: Using SSH

  - by Robert Chase

  Out of all of the utilities available to systems administrators ssh is probably the most useful of them all. Not only does it allow you to log into systems securely, but it can also be used to copy files, tunnel IP traffic and run remote commands on distant servers. It’s truly the Swiss army knife of systems administration. Secure Shell, also known as ssh, was developed in 1995 by Tau Ylonen after the University of Technology in Finland suffered a password sniffing attack. Back then it was common to use tools like rcp, rsh, ftp and telnet to connect to systems and move files across the network. The main problem with these tools is they provide no security and transmitted data in plain text including sensitive login credentials. SSH provides this security by encrypting all traffic transmitted over the wire to protect from password sniffing attacks. One of the more common use cases involving SSH is found when using scp. Secure Copy (scp) transmits data between hosts using SSH and allows you to easily copy all types of files. The syntax for the scp command is: scp /pathlocal/filenamelocal remoteuser@remotehost:/pathremote/filenameremote In the following simple example, I move a file named myfile from the system test1 to the system test2. I am prompted to provide valid user credentials for the remote host before the transfer will proceed.  If I were only using ftp, this information would be unencrypted as it went across the wire.  However, because scp uses SSH, my user credentials and the file and its contents are confidential and remain secure throughout the transfer.  [user1@test1 ~]# scp /home/user1/myfile user1@test2:/home/user1user1@test2's password: myfile                                    100%    0     0.0KB/s   00:00 You can also use ssh to send network traffic and utilize the encryption built into ssh to protect traffic over the wire. This is known as an ssh tunnel. In order to utilize this feature, the server that you intend to connect to (the remote system) must have TCP forwarding enabled within the sshd configuraton. To enable TCP forwarding on the remote system, make sure AllowTCPForwarding is set to yes and enabled in the /etc/ssh/sshd_conf file: AllowTcpForwarding yes Once you have this configured, you can connect to the server and setup a local port which you can direct traffic to that will go over the secure tunnel. The following command will setup a tunnel on port 8989 on your local system. You can then redirect a web browser to use this local port, allowing the traffic to go through the encrypted tunnel to the remote system. It is important to select a local port that is not being used by a service and is not restricted by firewall rules.  In the following example the -D specifies a local dynamic application level port forwarding and the -N specifies not to execute a remote command.   ssh –D 8989 [email protected] -N You can also forward specific ports on both the local and remote host. The following example will setup a port forward on port 8080 and forward it to port 80 on the remote machine. ssh -L 8080:farwebserver.com:80 [email protected] You can even run remote commands via ssh which is quite useful for scripting or remote system administration tasks. The following example shows how to  log in remotely and execute the command ls –la in the home directory of the machine. Because ssh encrypts the traffic, the login credentials and output of the command are completely protected while they travel over the wire. [rchase@test1 ~]$ ssh rchase@test2 'ls -la'rchase@test2's password: total 24drwx------  2 rchase rchase 4096 Sep  6 15:17 .drwxr-xr-x. 3 root   root   4096 Sep  6 15:16 ..-rw-------  1 rchase rchase   12 Sep  6 15:17 .bash_history-rw-r--r--  1 rchase rchase   18 Dec 20  2012 .bash_logout-rw-r--r--  1 rchase rchase  176 Dec 20  2012 .bash_profile-rw-r--r--  1 rchase rchase  124 Dec 20  2012 .bashrc You can execute any command contained in the quotations marks as long as you have permission with the user account that you are using to log in. This can be very powerful and useful for collecting information for reports, remote controlling systems and performing systems administration tasks using shell scripts. To make your shell scripts even more useful and to automate logins you can use ssh keys for running commands remotely and securely without the need to enter a password. You can accomplish this with key based authentication. The first step in setting up key based authentication is to generate a public key for the system that you wish to log in from. In the following example you are generating a ssh key on a test system. In case you are wondering, this key was generated on a test VM that was destroyed after this article. [rchase@test1 .ssh]$ ssh-keygen -t rsaGenerating public/private rsa key pair.Enter file in which to save the key (/home/rchase/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /home/rchase/.ssh/id_rsa.Your public key has been saved in /home/rchase/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:7a:8e:86:ef:59:70:ef:43:b7:ee:33:03:6e:6f:69:e8 rchase@test1The key's randomart image is:+--[ RSA 2048]----+|                 ||  . .            ||   o .           ||    . o o        ||   o o oS+       ||  +   o.= =      ||   o ..o.+ =     ||    . .+. =      ||     ...Eo       |+-----------------+ Now that you have the key generated on the local system you should to copy it to the target server into a temporary location. The user’s home directory is fine for this. [rchase@test1 .ssh]$ scp id_rsa.pub rchase@test2:/home/rchaserchase@test2's password: id_rsa.pub                  Now that the file has been copied to the server, you need to append it to the authorized_keys file. This should be appended to the end of the file in the event that there are other authorized keys on the system. [rchase@test2 ~]$ cat id_rsa.pub >> .ssh/authorized_keys Once the process is complete you are ready to login. Since you are using key based authentication you are not prompted for a password when logging into the system.   [rchase@test1 ~]$ ssh test2Last login: Fri Sep  6 17:42:02 2013 from test1 This makes it much easier to run remote commands. Here’s an example of the remote command from earlier. With no password it’s almost as if the command ran locally. [rchase@test1 ~]$ ssh test2 'ls -la'total 32drwx------  3 rchase rchase 4096 Sep  6 17:40 .drwxr-xr-x. 3 root   root   4096 Sep  6 15:16 ..-rw-------  1 rchase rchase   12 Sep  6 15:17 .bash_history-rw-r--r--  1 rchase rchase   18 Dec 20  2012 .bash_logout-rw-r--r--  1 rchase rchase  176 Dec 20  2012 .bash_profile-rw-r--r--  1 rchase rchase  124 Dec 20  2012 .bashrc As a security consideration it's important to note the permissions of .ssh and the authorized_keys file.  .ssh should be 700 and authorized_keys should be set to 600.  This prevents unauthorized access to ssh keys from other users on the system.   An even easier way to move keys back and forth is to use ssh-copy-id. Instead of copying the file and appending it manually to the authorized_keys file, ssh-copy-id does both steps at once for you.  Here’s an example of moving the same key using ssh-copy-id.The –i in the example is so that we can specify the path to the id file, which in this case is /home/rchase/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [rchase@test1]$ ssh-copy-id -i /home/rchase/.ssh/id_rsa.pub rchase@test2 One of the last tips that I will cover is the ssh config file. By using the ssh config file you can setup host aliases to make logins to hosts with odd ports or long hostnames much easier and simpler to remember. Here’s an example entry in our .ssh/config file. Host dev1 Hostname somereallylonghostname.somereallylongdomain.com Port 28372 User somereallylongusername12345678 Let’s compare the login process between the two. Which would you want to type and remember? ssh somereallylongusername12345678@ somereallylonghostname.somereallylongdomain.com –p 28372 ssh dev1 I hope you find these tips useful.  There are a number of tools used by system administrators to streamline processes and simplify workflows and whether you are new to Linux or a longtime user, I'm sure you will agree that SSH offers useful features that can be used every day.  Send me your comments and let us know the ways you  use SSH with Linux.  If you have other tools you would like to see covered in a similar post, send in your suggestions.

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• Virtualization deployment for datacenter

  - by bogha

  Hi, my company is going to deploy an IT Infrastructure on a virtual platform, can you please help me with the following: 1- which one do you recommend, Cisco Unified computing system ( cisco + emc + vmware )or HP Blades( virtualization solution + HP Storage )? 2- i Need to install a DNS Server, Web server, cpanel for managing hosting packages and Microsoft layer of product for usingg in the corporate infrastructur ( active directory, Local DNS, Exchange server, DHCP, Global catalog ) what is the minimum requirments for these servers ( in terms of CPU and Memory ) . 3- what is the best way to implement a redundant solution in a virtual environment. thank you

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