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• What is the difference between /sbin/nologin and /bin/false?

  - by Michael Hampton

  I have often heard it recommended that a user account should be disabled by setting its shell to /bin/false. But, on my existing Linux systems, I see that a great number of existing accounts (all of them service accounts) have a shell of /sbin/nologin instead. I see from the man page that /sbin/nologin prints a message to the user saying the account is disabled, and then exits. Presumably /bin/false would not print anything. I also see that /sbin/nologin is listed in /etc/shells, while /bin/false is not. The man page says that FTP will disable access for users with a shell not listed in /etc/shells and implies that other programs may do the same. Does that mean that somebody could FTP in with an account that has /sbin/nologin as its shell? What is the difference here? Which one of these should I use to disable a user account, and in what circumstances? What other effects does a listing in /etc/shells have?

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• portable usb harddisk regardless in windows and ubuntu / linux environment

  - by user8184

  I am doing web development mostly in ubuntu. Sometimes i need to go into windows to do other administrative work. Now i am ignorant about file systems. I cannot tell the difference between NTFS and FAT32. My eyes just glaze over the wikipedia articles. All I know is i have been using this 320 Gb portable USB harddisk to save files when I am in ubuntu and when I am in windows. Now i got a situation where sometimes the windows 7 cannot detect the harddisk. I believe it has to do with the file system issue. Or my harddisk is coming apart. To make it easy to backup my files in a portable USB harddisk regardless in ubuntu or windows, please advise me. That means i can go from from linux/ubuntu to portable harddisk read/write files from windows 7 to portable harddisk read/write files the same files. Thank you.

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• How to generate the right password format for Apache2 authentication in use with DBD and MySQL 5.1?

  - by Walkman

  I want to authenticate users for a folder from a MySQL 5.1 database with AuthType Basic. The passwords are stored in plain text (they are not really passwords, so doesn't matter). The password format for apache however only allows for SHA1, MD5 on Linux systems as described here. How could I generate the right format with an SQL query ? Seems like apache format is a binary format with a lenght of 20, but the mysql SHA1 function return 40 long. My SQL query is something like this: SELECT CONCAT('{SHA}', BASE64_ENCODE(SHA1(access_key))) FROM user_access_keys INNER JOIN users ON user_access_keys.user_id = users.id WHERE name = %s where base64_encode is a stored function (Mysql 5.1 doesn't have TO_BASE64 yet). This query returns a 61 byte BLOB which is not the same format that apache uses. How could I generate the same format ? You can suggest other method for this too. The point is that I want to authenticate users from a MySQL5.1 database using plain text as password.

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• Suppress log messages about 3ware disk temperature changes on CentOS?

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  I have a number of CentOS 5 servers which use 3ware RAID controllers. These servers are bugging my team with messages about minor temperature changes, like this: Jun 8 12:32:39 HOST smartd[1231]: Device: /dev/twa0 [3ware_disk_01], SMART Usage Attribute: 194 Temperature_Celsius changed from 119 to 118 Jun 8 12:32:39 HOST smartd[1231]: Device: /dev/twa0 [3ware_disk_03], SMART Usage Attribute: 194 Temperature_Celsius changed from 122 to 121 How can I suppress these messages? According to man smartd.conf : To disable any of the 3 reports, set the corresponding limit to 0. Trailing zero arguments may be omitted. By default, all temperature reports are disabled (´-W 0´). On my systems, smartd is reporting about temperature changes by default. I tried a manual approach. In /etc/smartd.conf, I have the following: /dev/twa0 -d 3ware,1 -a -W 0 /dev/twa0 -d 3ware,3 -a -W 0 But this still does not suppress the messages. Since these messages show up in /var/log/messages, LogWatch is sending unnecessary emails every night.

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• virtual machines

  - by André Alçada Padez

  well, i hope this doesn't get categorized as a boating question, but it really is related to programming. I have windows XP, and i am going to have to have a VM running: Windows 7 Visual Studio 2008 Sql Server 2008 IIS 7 (8 in a little while) Wamp Photoshop CS5 etc... so i was wondering what should i use to be easier to install and configure, and best performance: Virtual Box or Microsoft's Virtual Machine? Thank you Well i tried Virtual Box, it's always crashing for some reason. I think i'm going to try Virtual PC, just to stick to an all Microsoft Solution.

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• Test/Dummy SMTP server for Windows

  - by geoaxis

  I would like to install a Test/Dummy SMTP server on a Windows 2008 server (virtual box). I just want to test my web application on the machine it self so I don't need the mails to go out on the internet, but just to be written to disk (so that I can verify that the mail function was indeed called and the correct data was handed over to SMTP) Can you recommend some tool. I guess starting your own SMTP server in python is an option. I am looking for a simple (ready to use) solution, targeted for tests systems. I will need to integrate it to automated tests (Selenium) at a later stage. Thanks

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• How to consolidate servers with the not-very-strong infrastructure

  - by Sim

  All, Situation We are in retail industry with about 10 distributors and use Solomon as the standard ERP for all our systems Each distributor has 1 HQ and 5 - 10 branches, each branch has their own server (Windows 2000/XP/2003 + Solomon + another built-in POS system) Everyday, branches has to extract data and send (via email/Skype) to HQ for data consolidation purpose When we first deployed our ERP, the infrastructure (e.g. Internet connection) wasn't reliable enough. That's why we went with the de-centralized model (each branch got their own server) Now, the infrastructure is mature already. And we need to consolidate data more quickly (not from branches -- HQ -- our company but something like HQ -- our company only) Goal We just have Solomon servers in distributor HQ. All the transactions in branches (retrieved from POS) will by synchronized with HQ server directly) There is a backup plan just in case the Internet goes down, or HQ server goes down Question With the above question, could you guys suggests some model for me ? Should we use Terminal services, any other solutions ? Any watchout/suggestions ? Any good article to read 'bout this ? Thanks a lot

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• Windows Explorer slow response when disconnect from the network

  - by ITGuy24

  As a Systems Admin I have seen this issue repeatedly and it drives me crazy. Basically the problem occurs when you open My Documents or My Computer (Windows Explorer) there is a big delay ranging from 5-25 seconds before it actually opens and shows the content. Sometimes the problem continues with each subfolder you open. The problem is most common when disconnected from the network and when you have mapped drives. The most common solution for this problem is to disconnect any mapped drives or printers that are discconected/not reaachable. I have also heard that turning off "Automatically search for network folders and printers" can solve this issue but I have yet to see this work. Does anyone know of any other work arounds for this?

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• Determine/resolve filepath/alias of a certain command in the Windows command prompt

  - by porg

  How can I find out to which filepath (or alias) a certain command input will point to, in the Windows command prompt? Specifically Windows XP, info on other versions also appreciated! On Unix systems I simply use: $ which commandname /a/commandname Or: $ type -a commandname commandname is aliased to `/b/commandname' commandname is /a/commandname commandname is /b/commandname And I am simply looking for the equivalent in the Windows Shell (specifically Win XP). I came to this general question, from a specific issue: I had installed robocopy.exe (version 026), but the command line "robocopy" always triggers version 010, and I would like to determine where this command points to, in order to correct this mistake.

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• Sending UDP/514 data magically appears in syslog without rsyslog running

  - by ale

  I’m using a programming language without a library to log to rsyslog over UDP. I thought I was going to need to write a library but I discovered something weird. If I send data on UDP/514 with the port open on the server then the data appears in the server’s syslog. rsyslogd isn’t running so syslog isn’t doing this. Data doesn’t get formatted into a syslog message so rsyslogd really isn’t doing this (only raw text enters syslog). Linux must see the data coming in on this port and know that it should go into /var/log/messages? If I do the same on another port (e.g. UDP/515) then nothing appears in the log! What is doing this? Some CentOS feature? The kernel?

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• Migrate an intermediate CA to a new root

  - by Tim Brigham

  Using the Microsoft CA is there any way to cut over to a new certificate authority from an intermediate authority? Both my systems are Microsoft CAs - I have a 2008 R2 Enterprise CA (intermediate) and an old 2003 CA (root). The 2003 box bit the dust and I don't have good backups. I still have a few months before the CRL expires; instead of having to cut over to a new intermediate authority is there a ready way to simply point this intermediate authority to a new offline CA?

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• Eclipse: would more CPU cores with HyperThreading help increase speed?

  - by Dylan

  I'm programming a very large project in Eclipse. Right now I use a dual core machine with 2GB RAM, but Eclipse is sometimes busy for minutes (refreshing/indexing/building), so I'm upgrading to a new machine (with 16GB RAM and an SSD). Now I must choose between an Intel 2500K or an Intel 2600K that has HyperThreading. The price difference is about $100. Would that be worth it, for Eclipse, or is more memory/faster drive much more important for Eclipse ? Can Eclipse make use of the HyperThreading at all?

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• In what way does non-"full n-key rollover" hinder fast typists?

  - by Michael Kjörling

  Wikipedia claims (although the latter claim does not cite a source) that: High-end keyboards that provide full n-key rollover typically do so via a PS/2 interface as the USB mode most often used by operating systems has a maximum of only six keys plus modifiers that can be pressed at the same time.[4] This hinders fast typists, ... In what way would the system being able to recognize only six non-modifier keys at once hinder a fast typist? I consider myself a relatively fast typist and I usually press one key, plus modifiers, at once; I can't imagine any real-life situation in which the system only recognizing six non-modifier keys being pressed at once has been a limiting factor in my keyboard usage. (Multi-stroke keyboard shortcuts as used by high-end software like Visual Studio, Emacs and the like are a different matter.) Note that I am not really interested in answers centered around multiplayer computer games; I'm looking for answers that give reasons that would be relevant to typists, somehow supporting the statement made on Wikipedia.

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• SSH use only my password, Ignore my ssh key, don't prompt me for a passphrase

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  This is a question regarding the OpenSSH client on Linux, MacOSX and FreeBSD. Normally, I log into systems using my SSH key. Occasionally, I want my SSH client to ignore my SSH key and use a password instead. If I 'ssh hostname', my client prompts me for the Passphrase to my SSH key which is an annoyance. Instead, I want the client to simply ignore my SSH key, so that the server will ask me for my password instead. I tried the following, but I am still prompted for the passphrase to my SSH key. After this, I am prompted for my password. ssh -o PreferredAuthentications=password host.example.org I want to do this on the client side, without any modification of the remote host.

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• taskbar-free window manager

  - by 7vies

  I'm looking for a window manager that is not based on the "standard" taskbar (which I find a poor idea and I'm completely tired of). I'm aware of tiling window managers and improvements in last versions of operating systems, but I can't find what I need. I suppose that any window takes the whole screen (or can be tiled), and I imagine switching between windows like that: on a hotkey or mouse hot zone the screen becomes a task switcher where tasks are organized in a somewhat convenient manner. Well, it's a bit like a taskbar with autohide, but I think there could be some more convenient ideas than simply stacking icons and descriptions... It is also supposed to be lightweight enough, for example to run on a netbook. Any suggestions?

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• How do I diagnose a HP Notebook which has hardware issues?

  - by Rob

  My HP DV6t-2300 recently crashed while using FLV Player. It wouldn't start up after this so I had to do a hardware reset (remove power sources, hold down power button ~15 seconds, put back power sources). After this it would turn on, but start up would freeze in Ubuntu, Windows 7, Ubuntu Recovery Mode, and various Linux Live CDs. The only successful way to boot was in Windows 7 Safe Mode. The HP Customer Service was very polite, but they are trying to blame it on a corrupt operating system which is clearly not the case (since I have tried 4 operating systems and none work). I am thinking it might be the GPU since 1) I was watching movies when it crashed and 2) Windows Safe Mode might not use the dedicated GPU. I already ran Memory and HDD tests and there were no detected errors. Any ideas of what's wrong, or suggestions for tests that I should run in safe mode? Should I try reinstalling Windows 7 to convince HP that it's not the OS?

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• Desktop totally black, icons gone, taskbar visible, can't browse computer in Windows Explorer

  - by Abel

  Situation: Windows Vista, latest updates. After restarting to complete an installation, I find myself looking at a totally black windows desktop without any icons. The start menu and taskbar, including quickstart icons, appears. Some, but not all task bar tray icons appear. The systems seems stable. When I open Windows Explorer and click "desktop" in the folder treeview, the cursor immediately jumps back to the previously selected item. No error. Same when clicking on my user's profile or my documents. When I try "save as" in, say, Notepad, nothing happens, the dialog box (which defaults to "my documents") doesn't even show. Again, no error. Nothing serious afaict in the event log. Typing something in Start Search shows "Search failed to initialize". Most programs, including Internet Explorer, Firefox etc work as expected. Anybody ever encountered such abomination?

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• how insecure is my short password really?

  - by rika-uehara

  Using systems like TrueCrypt, when I have to define a new password I am often informed that using a short password is insecure and "very easy" to break by brute-force. I always use passwords of 8 characters in length, which are not based on dictionary words, which consists of characters from the set A-Z, a-z, 0-9 I.e. I use password like sDvE98f1 How easy is it to crack such a password by brute-force? I.e. how fast. I know it heavily depends on the hardware but maybe someone could give me an estimate how long it would take to do this on a dual core with 2GHZ or whatever to have a frame of reference for the hardware. To briute-force attack such a password one needs not only to cycle through all combinations but also try to de-crypt with each guessed password which also needs some time. Also, is there some software to brute-force hack truecrypt because I want to try to brute-force crack my own passsword to see how long it takes if it is really that "very easy".

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• How to fix Windows 2008 R2 BOOTMGR is missing

  - by cyberkiwi

  BOOTMGR IS MISSING PRESS CTRL+ALT+DEL TO RESTART Note: This is a VM on VMWare ESX server, but that should not matter I put in the 2008 R2 x64 install dvd and can get to recovery, but it lists no Operating Systems. Clicking on Next brings me to +=========================== System Recovery Options +=========================== Choose a recovery tool Operating system: Unknown or (Unknown) Local Disk ..... Command Prompt I start the command prompt, go to C:\ and perform a dir /a Apart from files I put there myself, these are showing $Recycle.Bin Documents and Settings [C:\Users] Program Files Program Files (x86) ProgramData Recovery System Volume Information Temp Users Windows Where to go next? Is it like the NTLDR problem with Windows 2003 where I can just drop a file in there and it will be hunky dory again?

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• Cheapest Embedded System with Wireless Connectivity?

  - by geeko

  Problem: I'm trying to capture some information coming from keyboard, mouse and barcode reader connected to some PC via PS/2, USB and/or RS-232, before information get to PC and send it over the Internet to some central server. I'm thinking to do so by using some kind of hardware interface (middleware, if you like) between PC and input devices. I thought this interface can be embedded PC, PDA or simply some mobile phone with wireless connectivity. PS/2 and RS-232 could be converted to USB using some USB convector/hub that connects to one of these interface systems. Then some special API programming take place to communicate between PC, input devices and wireless server, in the form of application running on the interface system. What's the cheapest solution that can achieve this? Or possibly any other solution?

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• Which VMs are easier to install/configure and more performant?

  - by André Alçada Padez

  well, i hope this doesn't get categorized as a boating question, but it really is related to programming. I have windows XP, and i am going to have to have a VM running: Windows 7 Visual Studio 2008 Sql Server 2008 IIS 7 (8 in a little while) Wamp Photoshop CS5 etc... so i was wondering what should i use to be easier to install and configure, and best performance: Virtual Box or Microsoft's Virtual Machine? Thank you Well i tried Virtual Box, it's always crashing for some reason. I think i'm going to try Virtual PC, just to stick to an all Microsoft Solution.

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• Brand new Lenovo u410 heats up around touchpad

  - by Ali

  My Lenovo u410 started heating around the right palm rest minutes after I unpacked it! I am devastated, because I bought this for programming, and it's impossible to type on this for extended periods with the surface getting so hot. I haven't run any serious programs on it yet, so the processor has been pretty much idle. I've been Googling this problem, and found only one person who had this issue too. Is this is a defect in the product? Why aren't many others getting this problem? I bought it via newegg.com and as per their policy you can't return a product once you've opened it. Specs: Core i5, 6 GB RAM, 750 GB harddisk. Running Windows 8.

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• Load-balance with LAN and Wi-Fi

  - by Synox

  I have a Mac, which runs Mac OS X 10.6 or Ubuntu 9.10 or Windows XP (Multiboot). Solution can be for any of the systems, whatever works better. I have two ISPs, one can be accessed via Wi-Fi, one can be accessed via LAN. In Mac OS X I can define the priority, which network to choose first. But what I wish to do is to load-balance with both networks. I don't want to buy extra hardware. I have some unused Wi-Fi routers if this would help. Compiling and configuring programms in Linux is no problem for me.

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• Laptop burned after heavy OpenGL usage. Is there hope?

  - by leladax

  After programming for OpenGL and a 'slow OS' case for a couple of minutes the screen went blank. I shut it down with forcing it with the shutdown key and now there's no led at all with battery or AC, it doesn't start at all, it's totally dead. It's most certainly not the AC adapter since that didn't show at first, it doesn't start a led at all and if the AC is connected it does a very slight and faint clicking noise (one has to have his ear next to it to hear it, near the AC connector). Is there any hope? I suppose it's a burned motherboard. I suspected a burned GPU but that would still leave the leds at least lid or at least attempting to start up. Now it's totally dead. It's a TOSHIBA satellite x200-219. It has no warranty, as it's more than 2 years since purchase.

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• Remote connection to dynamic public ip & private ip addresses

  - by user53864

  Many times I connected to windows computer which has static public ip address via remote desktop over wan links. I'm wondering how could I connect to the remote computer that has dynamic public ip address & private ip addresses assigned. I've 2 systems at home: xp system-------connected to internet(dynamic public ip) & allowed other users to connected to the internet on the interface. windows vista system--------enabled dhcp on the interface to access internet from xp. How could I remotely connect from my office to the 'vista system'?. If I've a router/modem at my home it may be possible to allow the ports for the system but I don't. Any tips?

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