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• RPC command to initiate a software install

  - by ericmayo

  I was recently working with a product from Symantech called Norton EndPoint protection. It consists of a server console application and a deployment application and I would like to incorporate their deployment method into a future version of one of my products. The deployment application allows you to select computer workstations running Win2K, WinXP, or Win7. The selection of workstations is provided from either AD (Active Directory) or NT Domain (WINs/DNS NetBIOS lookup). From the list, one can click and choose which workstations to deploy the end point software which is Symantech's virus & spyware protection suite. Then, after selecting which workstations should receive the package, the software copies the setup.exe program to each workstation (presumable over the administrative share \pcname\c$) and then commands the workstation to execute setup.exe resulting in the workstation installing the software. I really like how their product works but not sure what they are doing to accomplish all the steps. I've not done any deep investigations into this such as sniffing the network, etc... and wanted to check here to see if anyone is familiar with what I'm talking about and if you know how it's accomplished or have ideas how it could be accomplished. My thinking is that they are using the admin share to copy the software to the selected workstations and then issuing an RPC call to command the workstation to do the install. What's interesting is that the workstations do this without any of the logged in users knowing what's going on until the very end where a reboot is necessary. At which point, the user gets a pop-up asking to reboot now or later, etc... My hunch is that the setup.exe program is popping this message. To the point: I'm looking to find out the mechanism by which one Windows based machine can tell another to do some action or run some program. My programming language is C/C++ Any thoughts/suggestions appreciated.

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• Appropriate uses of Monad `fail` vs. MonadPlus `mzero`

  - by jberryman

  This is a question that has come up several times for me in the design code, especially libraries. There seems to be some interest in it so I thought it might make a good community wiki. The fail method in Monad is considered by some to be a wart; a somewhat arbitrary addition to the class that does not come from the original category theory. But of course in the current state of things, many Monad types have logical and useful fail instances. The MonadPlus class is a sub-class of Monad that provides an mzero method which logically encapsulates the idea of failure in a monad. So a library designer who wants to write some monadic code that does some sort of failure handling can choose to make his code use the fail method in Monad or restrict his code to the MonadPlus class, just so that he can feel good about using mzero, even though he doesn't care about the monoidal combining mplus operation at all. Some discussions on this subject are in this wiki page about proposals to reform the MonadPlus class. So I guess I have one specific question: What monad instances, if any, have a natural fail method, but cannot be instances of MonadPlus because they have no logical implementation for mplus? But I'm mostly interested in a discussion about this subject. Thanks! EDIT: One final thought occured to me. I recently learned (even though it's right there in the docs for fail) that monadic "do" notation is desugared in such a way that pattern match failures, as in (x:xs) <- return [] call the monad's fail. It seems like the language designers must have been strongly influenced by the prospect of some automatic failure handling built in to haskell's syntax in their inclusion of fail in Monad.

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• Creating Binary Block from struct

  - by MOnsDaR

  I hope the title is describing the problem, i'll change it if anyone has a better idea. I'm storing information in a struct like this: struct AnyStruct { AnyStruct : testInt(20), testDouble(100.01), testBool1(true), testBool2(false), testBool3(true), testChar('x') {} int testInt; double testDouble; bool testBool1; bool testBool2; bool testBool3; char testChar; std::vector<char> getBinaryBlock() { //how to build that? } } The struct should be sent via network in a binary byte-buffer with the following structure: Bit 00- 31: testInt Bit 32- 61: testDouble most significant portion Bit 62- 93: testDouble least significant portion Bit 94: testBool1 Bit 95: testBool2 Bit 96: testBool3 Bit 97-104: testChar According to this definition the resulting std::vector should have a size of 13 bytes (char == byte) My question now is how I can form such a packet out of the different datatypes I've got. I've already read through a lot of pages and found datatypes like std::bitset or boost::dynamic_bitset, but neither seems to solve my problem. I think it is easy to see, that the above code is just an example, the original standard is far more complex and contains more different datatypes. Solving the above example should solve my problems with the complex structures too i think. One last point: The problem should be solved just by using standard, portable language-features of C++ like STL or Boost (

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• How to write to a Text File in Pipe delimited format from MS Sql Server / ASP.Net?

  - by NJTechGuy

  I have a text file which needs to be constantly updated (regular intervals). All I want is the syntax and possibly some code that outputs data from a MS Sql Database using ASP.Net. The code I have so far is : <%@ Import Namespace="System.IO" %> <script language="vb" runat="server"> sub Page_Load(sender as Object, e as EventArgs) Dim FILENAME as String = Server.MapPath("Output.txt") Dim objStreamWriter as StreamWriter ' If Len(Dir$(FILENAME)) > 0 Then Kill(FILENAME) objStreamWriter = File.AppendText(FILENAME) objStreamWriter.WriteLine("A user viewed this demo at: " & DateTime.Now.ToString()) objStreamWriter.Close() Dim objStreamReader as StreamReader objStreamReader = File.OpenText(FILENAME) Dim contents as String = objStreamReader.ReadToEnd() lblNicerOutput.Text = contents.Replace(vbCrLf, "<br>") objStreamReader.Close() end sub </script> <asp:label runat="server" id="lblNicerOutput" Font-Name="Verdana" /> With PHP, it is a breeze, but with .Net I have no clue. If you could help me with the database connectivity and how to write the data in pipe delimited format to an Output.txt file, that had be awesome. Thanks guys!

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• Learning PHP - start out using a framework or no?

  - by Kevin Torrent

  I've noticed a lot of jobs in my area for PHP. I've never used PHP before, and figure if I can get more opportunities if I pick it up then it might be a good idea. The problem is that PHP without any framework is ugly and 99% of the time really bad code. All the tutorials and books I've seen are really lousy - it never shows any kind of good programming practice but always the quick and dirty kind of way of doing things. I'm afraid that trying to learn PHP this way will just imprint these bad practices in my head and make me waste time later trying to unlearn them. I've used C# in the past so I'm familiar with OOP and software design patterns and similar. Should I be trying to learn PHP by using one of the better known frameworks for it? I've looked at CakePHP, Symfony and the Zend Framework so far; Zend seems to be the most flexible without being too constraining like Cake and Symfony (although Symfony seemed less constraining than CakePHP which is trying too hard to be Ruby on Rails), but many tutorials for Zend I've seen assume you already know PHP and want to learn to use the framework. What would be my best opportunity for learning PHP, but learning GOOD PHP that uses real software engineering techniques instead of spaghetti code? It seems all the PHP books and resources either assume you are just using raw PHP and therefore showcase bade practices, or that you already know PHP and therefore don't even touch on parts of the language.

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• Please recommend the one SQL book for a developer without a lot of SQL experience.

  - by Hamish Grubijan

  I have too many hobbies outside of my profession, so I am hoping to read just one good book, and get a tad better at SQL. My background: took one boring, theoretical class in databases, was exposed to SQL professionally (in addition to several other languages and technologies) for a year and a half. I've done about 5 years of C#/Java stuff professionally. By "professionally" I mean doing it full-time while someone paid me more than $25/hr for it - not necessarily that I created masterpieces along the way :) I want to become better at SQL (coding aspect; DBA is not of particular importance to me right now). I am looking for one book to give me a solid foundation in it. When I needed to learn some C from almost a scratch, I used (and loved) this book: http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-2nd-Brian-Kernighan/dp/0131103628 I am hoping to find one just like this for SQL. I am not doing web development now or in a near future, and I am looking for something that is hopefully not specific to any one sub-industry. Thanks in advance.

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• Error while reading custom configuration file(app.config)

  - by Newbie

  I am making a custom configuration in my winform application. (It will represent a country-corrency list) First the CountryList class namespace UtilityMethods { public class CountryList : ConfigurationSection { public CountryList() { // // TODO: Add constructor logic here // } [ConfigurationProperty("CountryCurrency", IsRequired = true)] public Hashtable CountryCurrencies { get { return CountryCurrency.GetCountryCurrency(); } } } } The GetCountryCurrency() method is defined in CountryCurrency class as under namespace UtilityMethods { public static class CountryCurrency { public static Hashtable GetCountryCurrency() { Hashtable ht = new Hashtable(); ht.Add("India", "Rupees"); ht.Add("USA", "Dollar"); return ht; } } } The app.config file looks like <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <configuration> <configSections> <section name ="CountryList1" type ="UtilityMethods.CountryList,CountryList,Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral"/> </configSections> <appSettings /> </configuration> And I am calling this from a button_click's event as try { CountryList cList = ConfigurationManager.GetSection("CountryList") as CountryList; Hashtable ht = cList.CountryCurrencies; } catch (Exception ex) { string h = ex.Message; } Upon running the application and clicking on the button I am getting this error Could not load type 'UtilityMethods.CountryList' from assembly 'System.Configuration, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a' Please help (dotnet framework : 3.5 Language: C#)

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• Need Help finding an appropriate task assignment algorithm for a college project involving coordinat

  - by Trif Mircea

  I am a long time lurker here and have found over time many answers regarding jquery and web development topics so I decided to ask a question of my own. This time I have to create a c++ project for college which should help manage the workflow of a company providing all kinds of services through in the field teams. The ideas I have so far are: client-server application; the server is a dispatcher where all the orders from clients get and the clients are mobile devices (PDAs) each team in the field having one a order from a client is a task. Each task is made up of a series of subtasks. You have a database with estimations on how long a task should take to complete you also know what tasks or subtasks each team on the field can perform based on what kind of specialists made up the team (not going to complicate the problem by adding needed materials, it is considered that if a member of a team can perform a subtask he has the stuff needed) Now knowing these factors, what would a good task assignment algorithm be? The criteria is: how many tasks can a team do, how many tasks they have in the queue, it could also be location, how far away are they from the place but I don't think I can implement that.. It needs to be efficient and also to adapt quickly is the human dispatcher manually assigns a task. Any help or leads would be really appreciated. Also I'm not 100% sure in the idea so if you have another way you would go about creating such an application please share, even if it just a quick outline. I have to write a theoretical part too so even if the ideas are far more complex that what i outlined that would be ok ; I'd write those and implement what I can. Edit: C++ is the only language I know unfortunately.

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• How to pass common arguments to Perl modules

  - by Leonard

  I'm not thrilled with the argument-passing architecture I'm evolving for the (many) Perl scripts that have been developed for some scripts that call various Hadoop MapReduce jobs. There are currently 8 scripts (of the form run_something.pl) that are run from cron. (And more on the way ... we expect anywhere from 1 to 3 more for every function we add to hadoop.) Each of these have about 6 identical command-line parameters, and a couple command line parameters that are similar, all specified with Euclid. The implementations are in a dozen .pm modules. Some of which are common, and others of which are unique.... Currently I'm passing the args globally to each module ... Inside run_something.pl I have: set_common_args (%ARGV); set_something_args (%ARGV); And inside Something.pm I have sub set_something_args { (%MYARGS) =@_; } So then I can do if ( $MYARGS{'--needs_more_beer'} ) { $beer++; } I'm seeing that I'm probably going to have additional "common" files that I'll want to pass args to, so I'll have three or four set_xxx_args calls at the top of each run_something.pl, and it just doesn't seem too elegant. On the other hand, it beats passing the whole stupid argument array down the call chain, and choosing and passing individual elements down the call chain is (a) too much work (b) error-prone (c) doesn't buy much. In lots of ways what I'm doing is just object-oriented design without the object-oriented language trappings, and it looks uglier without said trappings, but nonetheless ... Anyone have thoughts or ideas?

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• perl - universal operator overload

  - by Todd Freed

  I have an idea for perl, and I'm trying to figure out the best way to implement it. The idea is to have new versions of every operator which consider the undefined value as the identity of that operation. For example: $a = undef + 5; # undef treated as 0, so $a = 5 $a = undef . "foo"; # undef treated as '', so $a = foo $a = undef && 1; # undef treated as false, $a = true and so forth. ideally, this would be in the language as a pragma, or something. use operators::awesome; However, I would be satisfied if I could implement this special logic myself, and then invoke it where needed: use My::Operators; The problem is that if I say "use overload" inside My::Operators only affects objects blessed into My::Operators. So the question is: is there a way (with "use overoad" or otherwise) to do a "universal operator overload" - which would be called for all operations, not just operations on blessed scalars. If not - who thinks this would be a great idea !? It would save me a TON of this kind of code if($object && $object{value} && $object{value} == 15) replace with if($object{value} == 15) ## the special "is-equal-to" operator

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• If statement doesn't work? do download without filed name and email

  - by user1833871

  I've created some if / else statements to get a download when a user hit click jf he fields name and email but doesn"t work for my site http://my-easy-woodworking-projects.com because it is do download without field name and email contact.php is <?php $field_name = $_POST['cf_name']; $field_email = $_POST['cf_email']; $field_message = $_POST['cf_message']; $mail_to = '[email protected]'; $subject = 'Message from a site visitor '.$field_name; $body_message = 'From: '.$field_name."\n"; $body_message .= 'E-mail: '.$field_email."\n"; $body_message .= 'Message: '.$field_message; $headers = 'From: '.$field_email."\r\n"; $headers .= 'Reply-To: '.$field_email."\r\n"; $mail_status = mail($mail_to, $subject, $body_message, $headers); if ($mail_status) { echo <script>\n" echo "var str = \"download\"; \n"" echo "document.write(str.link("http://www.myshedplans.com/12BY8SHED.pdf"));\n" echo "</script>\n" } echo else { echo <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> echo // Print a message echo alert('Message failed. Please, send an email to [email protected]'); echo // Redirect to some page of the site. You can also specify full URL, e.g. http://template-help.com window.location = 'contact_page.html'; echo </script> }?>

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• Three most critical programming concepts

  - by Todd

  I know this has probably been asked in one form or fashion but I wanted to pose it once again within the context of my situation (and probably others here @ SO). I made a career change to Software Engineering some time ago without having an undergrad or grad degree in CS. I've supplemented my undergrad and grad studies in business with programming courses (VB, Java,C, C#) but never performed academic coursework in the other related disciplines (algorithms, design patterns, discrete math, etc.)...just mostly self-study. I know there are several of you who have either performed interviews and/or made hiring decisions. Given recent trends in demand, what would you say are the three most essential Comp Sci concepts that a developer should have a solid grasp of outside of language syntax? For example, I've seen blog posts of the "Absolute minimum X that every programmer must know" variety...that's what I'm looking for. Again if it's truly a redundancy please feel free to close; my feelings won't be hurt. (Closest ones I could find were http://stackoverflow.com/questions/164048/basic-programming-algorithmic-concepts- which was geared towards a true beginner, and http://stackoverflow.com/questions/648595/essential-areas-of-knowledge-which I didn't feel was concrete enough). Thanks in advance all! T.

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• How to write a simple Lexer/Parser with antlr 2.7?

  - by Burkhard

  Hello, I have a complex grammar (in antlr 2.7) which I need to extend. Having never used antlr before, I wanted to write a very simple Lexer and Parser first. I found a very good explanation for antlr3 and tried to adapt it: header{ #include <iostream> using namespace std; } options { language="Cpp"; } class P2 extends Parser; /* This will be the entry point of our parser. */ eval : additionExp ; /* Addition and subtraction have the lowest precedence. */ additionExp : multiplyExp ( "+" multiplyExp | "-" multiplyExp )* ; /* Multiplication and addition have a higher precedence. */ multiplyExp : atomExp ( "*" atomExp | "/" atomExp )* ; /* An expression atom is the smallest part of an expression: a number. Or when we encounter parenthesis, we're making a recursive call back to the rule 'additionExp'. As you can see, an 'atomExp' has the highest precedence. */ atomExp : Number | "(" additionExp ")" ; /* A number: can be an integer value, or a decimal value */ number : ("0".."9")+ ("." ("0".."9")+)? ; /* We're going to ignore all white space characters */ protected ws : (" " | "\t" | "\r" | "\n") { newline(); } ; It does generate four files without errors: P2.cpp, P2.hpp, P2TokenTypes.hpp and P2TokenTypes.txt. But now what? How do I create a working programm with that? I tried to add these files to a VS2005-WinConsole-Project but it does not compile: p2.cpp(277) : fatal error C1010: unexpected end of file while looking for precompiled header. Did you forget to add '#include "stdafx.h"' to your source?

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• Contrary to Python 3.1 Docs, hash(obj) != id(obj). So which is correct?

  - by Don O'Donnell

  The following is from the Python v3.1.2 documentation: From The Python Language Reference Section 3.3.1 Basic Customization: object.__hash__(self) ... User-defined classes have __eq__() and __hash__() methods by default; with them, all objects compare unequal (except with themselves) and x.__hash__() returns id(x). From The Glossary: hashable ... Objects which are instances of user-defined classes are hashable by default; they all compare unequal, and their hash value is their id(). This is true up through version 2.6.5: Python 2.6.5 (r265:79096, Mar 19 2010 21:48:26) ... ... >>> class C(object): pass ... >>> c = C() >>> id(c) 11335856 >>> hash(c) 11335856 But in version 3.1.2: Python 3.1.2 (r312:79149, Mar 21 2010, 00:41:52) ... ... >>> class C: pass ... >>> c = C() >>> id(c) 11893680 >>> hash(c) 743355 So which is it? Should I report a documentation bug or a program bug? And if it's a documentation bug, and the default hash() value for a user class instance is no longer the same as the id() value, then it would be interesting to know what it is or how it is calculated, and why it was changed in version 3.

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• I need an IDE for typo3 core development in php

  - by Flugan

  Php in itself is difficult for IDEs because of the dynamic nature of the language. My current development environment is mostly netbeans against a local svn copy of the codebase setup in a local development webserver. The code is full text indexed by vistas search engine for almost instant searches. I do a lot of development directly against the main development server using a combination of tools. Putty to interact with the server and deploy by updating an svn checkout on the development server. Tortoise SVN locally to have a fairly rich SVN experience. Netbeans obviously have SVN integration. Most of the changes on the remote server is commited using the putty session. WinSCP to interact with the development server with norton commander like interface as well as the good putty integration. Finally my text editor for remote editing is notepad++ out of habit and because of some nice features and good price. What I'm really missing is good php editing. Because of the way typo3 works almost all objects are instanciated through make instance abstraction that either returns the base class or the customized class if the framework has been extended. I'm not looking for a magic editing package and would like to find an editor which can use annotations to specify the type of commonly used variables.

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• Being pressured to GOTO the dark-side

  - by Dan McG

  We have a situation at work where developers working on a legacy (core) system are being pressured into using GOTO statements when adding new features into existing code that is already infected with spagetti code. Now, I understand there may be arguments for using 'just one little GOTO' instead of spending the time on refactoring to a more maintainable solution. The issue is, this isolated 'just one little GOTO' isn't so isolated. At least once every week or so there is a new 'one little GOTO' to add. This codebase is already a horror to work with due to code dating back to or before 1984 being riddled with GOTOs that would make many Pastafarians believe it was inspired by the Flying Spagetti Monster itself. Unfortunately the language this is written in doesn't have any ready made refactoring tools, so it makes it harder to push the 'Refactor to increase productivity later' because short-term wins are the only wins paid attention to here... Has anyone else experienced this issue whereby everybody agrees that we cannot be adding new GOTOs to jump 2000 lines to a random section, but continually have Anaylsts insist on doing it just this one time and having management approve it? tldr; How can one go about addressing the issue of developers being pressured (forced) to continually add GOTO statements (by add, I mean add to jump to random sections many lines away) because it 'gets that feature in quicker'? I'm beginning to fear we may loses valuable developers to the raptors over this...

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• jQuery preventing RedirectToAction from working?

  - by DaveDev

  I'm trying to redirect the user if they login successfully but the code I have on my page seems to be preventing the redirection from working. If I remove the jQuery below the redirection works. Can somebody tell me tell me if there's something I'm doing wrong? Thanks I have the following Action: [AcceptVerbs(HttpVerbs.Post)] public ActionResult Login(User user) { var myErrors = new Dictionary<string, string>(); try { if (ModelState.IsValid) { if (userRepository.ValidUser(user)) { return RedirectToAction("Index", "Group", new {page = (int?)null}); } else { return Json("Username or password seems to be incorrect"); } } else { foreach (KeyValuePair<string, ModelState> keyValuePair in ViewData.ModelState) { if (keyValuePair.Value.Errors.Count > 0) { List<string> errors = new List<string>(); myErrors.Add(keyValuePair.Key, keyValuePair.Value.Errors[0].ErrorMessage); } } return Json(myErrors); } } catch (Exception) { return Json("Invalid"); } } and the following code on my page: <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { $("#SaveSuccess").hide(); $("#btnLogin").click(function() { $("form").submit(function(event) { var formData = $(this).serialize(); $.post($(this).attr("action"), formData, function(res) { ShowErrors(res); if (res == true) { $("#SaveSuccess").text("Saved"); } else { $("#divError").html(res); } $("#SaveSuccess").fadeIn(100); }, "json"); return false; }); }); }); </script>

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• Custom UITableViewCell trouble with UIAccessibility elements

  - by ojreadmore

  No matter what I try, I can't keep my custom UITableViewCell from acting like it should under the default rules for UIAccessiblity. I don't want this cell to act like an accessibility container (per se), so following this guide I should be able to make all of my subviews accessible, right?! It says to make each element accessible separately and make sure the cell itself is not accessible. - (BOOL)isAccessibilityElement { return NO; } - (NSString *)accessibilityLabel { return nil; } - (NSInteger)accessibilityElementCount { return 0; } - (id)initWithStyle:(UITableViewCellStyle)style reuseIdentifier:(NSString *)reuseIdentifier //cells use this reusage stuff { if (self = [super initWithStyle:style reuseIdentifier:reuseIdentifier]) { [self setIsAccessibilityElement:NO]; sub1 = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0,0,1,1)]; [sub1 setAccessibilityLanguage:@"es"]; [sub1 setIsAccessibilityElement:YES]; [sub1 setAccessibilityLabel:sub1.text] sub2 = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0,0,1,1)]; [sub2 setAccessibilityLanguage:@"es"]; [sub2 setIsAccessibilityElement:YES]; [sub2 setAccessibilityLabel:sub2.text] The voice over system reads the contents of the whole cell all at once, even though I'm trying to stop that behavior. I could say [sub2 setIsAccessibilityElement:NO]; but that would would make this element entirely unreadable. I want to keep it readable, but not have the whole cell be treated like a container (and assumed to be the English language). There does not appear to be a lot of information out there on this, so at the very least I'd like to document it.

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• How can I debug PEAR auth?

  - by croceldon

  I have a directory on my site that I've implemented PEAR's Auth to run my authentication. It is working great. However, I've tried to make a copy of my site (it's going to be translated to a different language), and on this new site, the Auth process doesn't seem to be working correctly. I can login properly, but every time I try to go to a different page in the same directory, and use Auth to authorize, it forces me to login again. Here's my logic: $auth_options = array( 'dsn' => mysql://user:password@server/db', 'table' => 'users', 'usernamecol' => 'username', 'passwordcol' => 'password', 'db_fields' => '*' ); $auth = new Auth("DB", $auth_options, "login_function"); $auth->setFailedLoginCallback('bad_login'); $auth->start(); if (!$auth->checkAuth()) { die('cannot succeed in checkAuth') exit; } else { include("nocache.php"); } This is part of a file that's included in every php page I that I desire to require authentication. I can login properly once, but whenever I then try to go to a different page that requires authentication, it makes me login again (and I see the 'cannot succeed' die message at the bottom of the page). Again, this solution works fine on my original site, I copied all the files, and only changed the db server/password - it still doesn't work. And I'm using the same webhost for both. What am I doing wrong here? Or how can I debug this further?

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• Convert a image to a monochrome byte array

  - by Scott Chamberlain

  I am writing a library to interface C# with the EPL2 printer language. One feature I would like to try to implement is printing images, the specification doc says p1 = Width of graphic Width of graphic in bytes. Eight (8) dots = one (1) byte of data. p2 = Length of graphic Length of graphic in dots (or print lines) Data = Raw binary data without graphic file formatting. Data must be in bytes. Multiply the width in bytes (p1) by the number of print lines (p2) for the total amount of graphic data. The printer automatically calculates the exact size of the data block based upon this formula. I plan on my source image being a 1 bit per pixel bmp file, already scaled to size. I just don't know how to get it from that format in to a byte[] for me to send off to the printer. I tried ImageConverter.ConvertTo(Object, Type) it succeeds but the array it outputs is not the correct size and the documentation is very lacking on how the output is formatted. My current test code. Bitmap i = (Bitmap)Bitmap.FromFile("test.bmp"); ImageConverter ic = new ImageConverter(); byte[] b = (byte[])ic.ConvertTo(i, typeof(byte[])); Any help is greatly appreciated even if it is in a totally different direction.

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• Need help extrapolating Java code

  - by Berlioz

  If anyone familiar with Rebecca Wirfs-Brock, she has a piece of Java code found in her book titled, Object Design: Roles, Responsibilities, and Collaborations. Here is the quote Applying Double Dispatch to a Specific Problem To implement the game Rock, Paper, Scissors we need to write code that determines whether one object “beats” another. The game has nine possible outcomes based on the three kinds of objects. The number of interactions is the cross product of the kinds of objects. Case or switch statements are often governed by the type of data that is being operated on. The object-oriented language equivalent is to base its actions on the class of some other object. In Java, it looks like this Here is the piece of Java code on page 16 ' import java.util.*; import java.lang.*; public class Rock { public static void main(String args[]) { } public static boolean beats(GameObject object) { if (object.getClass.getName().equals("Rock")) { result = false; } else if (object.getClass.getName().equals("Paper")) { result = false; } else if(object.getClass.getName().equals("Scissors")) { result = true; } return result; } }' ===This is not a very good solution. First, the receiver needs to know too much about the argument. Second, there is one of these nested conditional statements in each of the three classes. If new kinds of objects could be added to the game, each of the three classes would have to be modified. Can anyone share with me how to get this "less than optimal" piece of code to work in order to see it 'working'. She proceeds to demonstrate a better way, but I will spare you. Thanks

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• do the Python libraries have a natural dependence on the global namespace?

  - by msw

  I first ran into this when trying to determine the relative performance of two generators: t = timeit.repeat('g.get()', setup='g = my_generator()') So I dug into the timeit module and found that the setup and statement are evaluated with their own private, initially empty namespaces so naturally the binding of g never becomes accessible to the g.get() statement. The obvious solution is to wrap them into a class, thus adding to the global namespace. I bumped into this again when attempting, in another project, to use the multiprocessing module to divide a task among workers. I even bundled everything nicely into a class but unfortunately the call pool.apply_async(runmc, arg) fails with a PicklingError because buried inside the work object that runmc instantiates is (effectively) an assignment: self.predicate = lambda x, y: x > y so the whole object can't be (understandably) pickled and whereas: def foo(x, y): return x > y pickle.dumps(foo) is fine, the sequence bar = lambda x, y: x > y yields True from callable(bar) and from type(bar), but it Can't pickle <function <lambda> at 0xb759b764>: it's not found as __main__.<lambda>. I've given only code fragments because I can easily fix these cases by merely pulling them out into module or object level defs. The bug here appears to be in my understanding of the semantics of namespace use in general. If the nature of the language requires that I create more def statements I'll happily do so; I fear that I'm missing an essential concept though. Why is there such a strong reliance on the global namespace? Or, what am I failing to understand? Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!

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• How to transform a production to LL(1) grammar for a list separated by a semicolon?

  - by Subb

  Hi, I'm reading this introductory book on parsing (which is pretty good btw) and one of the exercice is to "build a parser for your favorite language." Since I don't want to die today, I thought I could do a parser for something relatively simple, ie a simplified CSS. Note: This book teach you how to right a LL(1) parser using the recursive-descent algorithm. So, as a sub-exercice, I am building the grammar from what I know of CSS. But I'm stuck on a production that I can't transform in LL(1) : //EBNF block = "{", declaration, {";", declaration}, [";"], "}" //BNF <block> =:: "{" <declaration> "}" <declaration> =:: <single-declaration> <opt-end> | <single-declaration> ";" <declaration> <opt-end> =:: "" | ";" This describe a CSS block. Valid block can have the form : { property : value } { property : value; } { property : value; property : value } { property : value; property : value; } ... The problem is with the optional ";" at the end, because it overlap with the starting character of {";", declaration}, so when my parser meet a semicolon in this context, it doesn't know what to do. The book talk about this problem, but in its example, the semicolon is obligatory, so the rule can be modified like this : block = "{", declaration, ";", {declaration, ";"}, "}" So, Is it possible to achieve what I'm trying to do using a LL(1) parser?

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• Best (Java) book for understanding 'under the bonnet' for programming?

  - by Ben

  What would you say is the best book to buy to understand exactly how programming works under the hood in order to increase performance? I've coded in assembly at university, I studied computer architecture and I obviously did high level programming, but what I really dont understand is things like: -what is happening when I perform a cast -whats the difference in performance if I declare something global as opposed to local? -How does the memory layout for an ArrayList compare with a Vector or LinkedList? -Whats the overhead with pointers? -Are locks more efficient than using synchronized? -Would creating my own array using int[] be faster than using ArrayList -Advantages/disadvantages of declaring a variable volatile I have got a copy of Java Performance Tuning but it doesnt go down very low and it contains rather obvious things like suggesting a hashmap instead of using an ArrayList as you can map the keys to memory addresses etc. I want something a bit more Computer Sciencey, linking the programming language to what happens with the assembler/hardware. The reason im asking is that I have an interview coming up for a job in High Frequency Trading and everything has to be as efficient as possible, yet I cant remember every single possible efficiency saving so i'd just like to learn the fundamentals. Thanks in advance

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• Should we retire the term "Context"?

  - by MrGumbe

  I'm not sure if there is a more abused term in the world of programming than "Context." A word that has a very clear meaning in the English language has somehow morphed into a hot mess in software development, where the definition where the connotation can be completely different based on what library you happen to be developing in. Tomcat uses the word context to mean the configuration of a web application. Java applets, on the other hand, use an AppletContext to define attributes of the browser and HTML tag that launched it, but the BeanContext is defined as a container. ASP.NET uses the HttpContext object as a grab bag of state - containing information about the current request / response, session, user, server, and application objects. Context Oriented Programming defines the term as "Any information which is computationally accessible may form part of the context upon which behavioral variations depend," which I translate as "anything in the world." The innards of the Windows OS uses the CONTEXT structure to define properties about the hardware environment. The .NET installation classes, however, use the InstallContext property to represent the command line arguments entered to the installation class. The above doesn't even touch how all of us non-framework developers have used the term. I've seen plenty of developers fall into the subconscious trap of "I can't think of anything else to call this class, so I'll name it 'WidgetContext.'" Do you all agree that before naming our class a "Context," we may want to first consider some more descriptive terms? "Environment", "Configuraton", and "ExecutionState" come readily to mind.

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