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  • What does flushing thread local memory to global memory mean?

    - by Jack Griffith
    Hi, I am aware that the purpose of volatile variables in Java is that writes to such variables are immediately visible to other threads. I am also aware that one of the effects of a synchronized block is to flush thread-local memory to global memory. I have never fully understood the references to 'thread-local' memory in this context. I understand that data which only exists on the stack is thread-local, but when talking about objects on the heap my understanding becomes hazy. I was hoping that to get comments on the following points: When executing on a machine with multiple processors, does flushing thread-local memory simply refer to the flushing of the CPU cache into RAM? When executing on a uniprocessor machine, does this mean anything at all? If it is possible for the heap to have the same variable at two different memory locations (each accessed by a different thread), under what circumstances would this arise? What implications does this have to garbage collection? How aggressively do VMs do this kind of thing? Overall, I think am trying to understand whether thread-local means memory that is physically accessible by only one CPU or if there is logical thread-local heap partitioning done by the VM? Any links to presentations or documentation would be immensely helpful. I have spent time researching this, and although I have found lots of nice literature, I haven't been able to satisfy my curiosity regarding the different situations & definitions of thread-local memory. Thanks very much.

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  • Grails UrlMappings with .html

    - by Glennn
    I'm developing a Grails web application (mainly as a learning exercise). I have previously written some standard Grails apps, but in this case I wanted to try creating a controller that would intercept all requests (including static html) of the form: <a href="/testApp/testJsp.jsp">test 1</a> <a href="/testApp/testGsp.gsp">test 2</a> <a href="/testApp/testHtm.htm">test 3</a> <a href="/testApp/testHtml.html">test 4</a> The intent is to do some simple business logic (auditing) each time a user clicks a link. I know I could do this using a Filter (or a range of other methods), however I thought this should work too and wanted to do this using a Grails framework. I set up the Grail UrlMappings.groovy file to map all URLs of that form (/$myPathParam?) to a single controller: class UrlMappings { static mappings = { "/$controller/$action?/$id?"{ constraints { } } "/$path?" (controller: 'auditRecord', action: 'showPage') "500"(view:'/error') } } In that controller (in the appropriate "showPage" action) I've been printing out the path information, for example: def showPage = { println "params.path = " + params.path ... render(view: resultingView) } The results of the println in the showPage action for each of my four links are testJsp.jsp testGsp.gsp testHtm.htm testHtml Why is the last one "testHtml", not "testHtml.html"? In a previous (Stack Overflow query) Olexandr encountered this issue and was advised to simply concatenate the value of request.format - which, indeed, does return "html". However request.format also returns "html" for all four links. I'm interested in gaining an understanding of what Grails is doing and why. Is there some way to configure Grails so the params.path variable in the controller shows "testHtml.html" rather than stripping off the "html" extension? It doesn't seem to remove the extension for any other file type (including .htm). Is there a good reason it's doing this? I know that it is a bit unusual to use a controller for static html, but still would like to understand what's going on.

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  • How to make UIButton work like Launcher in SpringBoard, when pressed for long timeinterval

    - by KayKay
    In my ViewController I am using UIButton which triggers some action when touchedUpInside. Upto here no problem, but i also want to add another action for touchDown event. More precisely i dont have an idea how to add that action to which event, that will work the same as when App-Icon is pressed longer in springboard which causes springboard enter in editing mode.Actually what i want is : when this button is kept holding for ,say about 2 seconds it will pop-up an alertView without touch being heldUp (with finger is still on button). I have tried with 2 NSdate difference, one of which is allocated when touchedDown and other when touchUpInside. Its working and popping alert,but only after touchedUpInside. I want it to show alert without touch being removed. Here is the code. (IBAction)touchedDown:(id)sender { momentTouchedDown = [[NSDate alloc] init];//class variable NSLog(@"touched down"); } - (IBAction)touchUpInside:(id)sender { NSLog(@"touch lifted Up\n"); NSDate *momentLifted = [[NSDate alloc] init]; double timeInterval = [momentLifted timeIntervalSinceDate:momentTouchedDown]; NSLog(@"time lifted = %@, time down = %@, time diff = %@", momentLifted, momentTouchedDown, [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%g",timeInterval]); [momentLifted release]; if(timeInterval > 2.0) { NSLog(@"AlertBox has been fired"); UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"Yes" message:@""//msg delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"Cancel" otherButtonTitles:@"OK" , nil]; [alert show]; [alert release]; } } Please provide me an insight..thanks for help in advance.

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  • Calling Java classes from IzPack

    - by bguiz
    I am trying to write an IzPack installer which is able to detect a previously installed version of the application. After finding out that it doesn't really support this feature, I think the only way to do this is through writing a Java class and calling it from IzPack. Tim Williscroft has previously suggested this method: <condition type="java" id="jbossEnv"> <java> <class>au.com.codarra.ela.installer.JBossChecker</class <field>hasJBossEnv</field> </java> <returnvalue type="boolean">true</returnvalue> </condition> However, is it possible to call <java> from somewhere other than a <condition> tag? I want to be able to call it from a <variable> tag. Also, is it possible to call a method from a Java class instead of reading a value of a field? I want to be able to pass parameters to my class. Thank you!

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  • Whats wrong with my cookies?

    - by William
    For some reason This php script won't echo my cookie variable: <?php require 'connection.php'; require 'variables.php'; $name = $_POST['name']; $pass = $_POST['pass']; if(($name == $admin_name) && ($pass == $admin_pass)){ setcookie($forum_url."name",$name,time()+604800); setcookie($forum_url."pass",$pass,time()+604800); } else echo 'Failed'; ?> heres the html that gets sent to admin_login.php <form method=post action=admin_login.php> <div id="formdiv"> <div class="fieldtext1">Name</div> <div class="fieldtext1">Pass</div> <input type="text" name=name size=25 /> <input type="password" name=pass size=25 /> </div> <input type=submit value="Submit" id="submitbutton"> </form> here is the index, where I want the info echoed <?php echo $_COOKIE[$forum_url."name"]; ?> What am I doing wrong?

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  • WIKI replacement solution for SharePoint?

    - by Jakub
    I'm trying to research a replacement for the pathetic WIKI that comes with WSS (only wiki code it has is to create url links). I have looked at a few but most 'replacements' I see are MOSS only? (or so it just states MOSS for requirements). Has anyone faced this situation? What did you end up using? I would like something that I can have all in one location (not different apps, hence WSS). With LDAP / AD Integration like WSS. Thanks appreciate any input. I would like to see ~ $3k solutions tho (nothing super expensive, hence why we don't run MOSS). EDIT: Anyone else have any suggestions? EDIT2: Actually since I haven't had much feedback (thanks to those that have). I installed mediawiki under IIS with PHP enabled, and enabled the IIS AD hack for authentication. IIS ends up prompting for authentication (user/pass) if you use a non IE browser, then it sets the $_SERVER["REMOTE_USER"] variable, and grabs some AD info (groups etc). Works rather well, only issues is the UGLY urls so far. But its fully working. Seems like a good setup. Other than having to rely on MYSQL (my company strives to be mainly SQL Server)

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  • How can I fix this clang warning: "Object with +0 retain counts returned to caller where +1 (owning)

    - by mipadi
    I have a piece of Objective-C code that looks like the following: - (NSString *)copyData:(NSData *)data { NSString *path = [[[self outputDirectory] stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"archive"] stringByAppendingPathExtension:@"zip"]; NSLog(@"Copying data to %@", path); [data writeToFile:path atomically:NO]; return path; } The code is called from an initializer that looks like this: - (id)initWithData:(NSData *)data { if ((self = [super init]) != nil) { NSString *path = [self copyData:data]; // Line 41 (referenced in warning, shown below) return [self initWithContentsOfFile:path]; } return self; } When running the clang static analyzer, I get the following warnings for the path variable: Potential leak of an object allocated on line 41 and stored into 'path' Object with +0 retain counts returned to caller where +1 (owning) retain count is expected I'm confused. My understanding is that stringByAppendingPathComponent should not return an autoreleased string, so it should have a net retain count of 0. (Obviously I don't want to retain it.) I've tried altering copyData: to return the following, but it didn't get rid of the warning: return [[path retain] autorelease]; So what's the deal with this warning?

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  • phppgadmin : How does it kick users out of postgres, so it can db_drop?

    - by egarcia
    I've got one Posgresql database (I'm the owner) and I'd like to drop it and re-create it from a dump. Problem is, there're a couple applications (two websites, rails and perl) that access the db regularly. So I get a "database is being accessed by other users" error. I've read that one possibility is getting the pids of the processes involved and killing them individually. I'd like to do something cleaner, if possible. Phppgadmin seems to do what I want: I am able to drop schemas using its web interface, even when the websites are on, without getting errors. So I'm investigating how its code works. However, I'm no PHP expert. I'm trying to understand the phppgadmin code in order to see how it does it. I found out a line (257 in Schemas.php) where it says: $data->dropSchema(...) $data is a global variable and I could not find where it is defined. Any pointers would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Minimum privileges to read SQL Jobs using SQL SMO

    - by Gustavo Cavalcanti
    I wrote an application to use SQL SMO to find all SQL Servers, databases, jobs and job outcomes. This application is executed through a scheduled task using a local service account. This service account is local to the application server only and is not present in any SQL Server to be inspected. I am having problems getting information on job and job outcomes when connecting to the servers using a user with dbReader rights on system tables. If we set the user to be sysadmin on the server it all works fine. My question to you is: What are the minimum privileges a local SQL Server user needs to have in order to connect to the server and inspect jobs/job outcomes using the SQL SMO API? I connect to each SQL Server by doing the following: var conn = new ServerConnection { LoginSecure = false, ApplicationName = "SQL Inspector", ServerInstance = serverInstanceName, ConnectAsUser = false, Login = user, Password = password }; var smoServer = new Server (conn); I read the jobs by reading smoServer.JobServer.Jobs and read the JobSteps property on each of these jobs. The variable server is of type Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server. user/password are of the user found in each SQL Server to be inspected. If "user" is SysAdmin on the SQL Server to be inspected all works ok, as well as if we set ConnectAsUser to true and execute the scheduled task using my own credentials, which grants me SysAdmin privileges on SQL Server per my Active Directory membership. Thanks!

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  • How to add text to email sent from a php contact form

    - by JustStatic
    Hi all this is the PHP im using: <?php $name = $_POST['name']; $email = $_POST['email']; $phone = $_POST['phone']; $message = $_POST['message']; $formcontent=" From: $name \n Phone: $phone \n Message: $message"; $recipient = "[email protected]"; $subject = "Contact Form"; $mailheader = "From: $email \r\n"; mail($recipient, $subject, $formcontent, $mailheader) or die("Error!"); echo "Thank You!" . " -" . "<a href='contact.html' style='text-decoration:none; color:#ff0099;'> Return Home</a>"; ?> Its working perfectly fine but i would like there to be some text sent with this email that says "This is from your website" or something similar to tell the recipient that it isnt spam (my client isn't tech friendly and sees everything plain text as spam). I'm very new to PHP with nearly 0 knowledge and have no idea how to add something like that. I did have a go at making a new variable with the string inside and then include that in the: mail($recipient, $subject, $formcontent, $mailheader) or die("Error!"); line but with no success. Thanks for taking the time any help would be welcome.

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  • UIViewController remaining

    - by Guy
    Hi Guys. I have a UIViewController named equationVC who's user interface is being programmatically created from another NSObject class called equationCon. Upon loading equationVC, a method called chooseInterface is called from the equationCon class. I have a global variable (globalVar) that points to a user defined string. chooseInterface finds a method in the equationCon class that matches the string globalVar points to. In this case, let's say that globalVar points to a string that is called "methodThatMatches." In methodThatMatches, another view controller needs to show the results of what methodThatMatches did. methodThatMatches creates a new equationVC that calls upon methodThatMatches2. As a test, each method changes the color of the background. When the application starts up, I get a purple background, but as soon as I hit backwards I get another purple screen, which should be yellow. I do not think that I am release the view properly. Can anyone help? -(void)chooseInterface { NSString* equationTemp = [globalVar stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@" " withString:@""]; equationTemp = [equationTemp stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"'" withString:@""]; SEL equationName = NSSelectorFromString(equationTemp); NSLog(@"selector! %@",NSStringFromSelector(equationName)); if([self respondsToSelector:equationName]){ [self performSelector:equationName]; } } -(void)methodThatMatches{ self.equationVC.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor yellowColor]; [setGlobalVar:@"methodThatMatches2"]; EquationVC* temp = [[EquationVC alloc] init]; [[self.equationVC navigationController] pushViewController:temp animated:YES ]; [temp release]; } -(void)methodThatmatches2{ self.equationVC.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor purpleColor]; }

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  • Trouble using the ref keyword. Very newbie question!

    - by Sergio Tapia
    Here's my class: public class UserInformation { public string Username { get; set; } public string ComputerName { get; set; } public string Workgroup { get; set; } public string OperatingSystem { get; set; } public string Processor { get; set; } public string RAM { get; set; } public string IPAddress { get; set; } public UserInformation GetUserInformation() { var CompleteInformation = new UserInformation(); GetPersonalDetails(ref CompleteInformation); GetMachineDetails(ref CompleteInformation); return CompleteInformation; } private void GetPersonalDetails(ref UserInformation CompleteInformation) { } private void GetMachineDetails(ref UserInformation CompleteInformation) { } } I'm under the impression that the ref keyword tells the computer to use the same variable and not create a new one. Am I using it correctly? Do I have to use ref on both the calling code line and the actual method implementation?

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  • How do I add ROW_NUMBER to a LINQ query or Entity?

    - by Whozumommy
    I'm stumped by this easy data problem. I'm using the Entity framework and have a database of products. My results page returns a paginated list of these products. Right now my results are ordered by the number of sales of each product, so my code looks like this: return Products.OrderByDescending(u => u.Sales.Count()); This returns an IQueryable dataset of my entities, sorted by the number of sales. I want my results page to show the rank of each product (in the dataset). My results should look like this: Page #1 1. Bananas 2. Apples 3. Coffee Page #2 4. Cookies 5. Ice Cream 6. Lettuce I'm expecting that I just want to add a column in my results using the SQL ROW_NUMBER variable...but I don't know how to add this column to my results datatable. My resulting page does contain a foreach loop, but since I'm using a paginated set I'm guessing using that number to fake a ranking number would NOT be the best approach. So my question is, how do I add a ROW_NUMBER column to my query results in this case?

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  • How is a relative JMP (x86) implemented in an Assembler?

    - by Pindatjuh
    While building my assembler for the x86 platform I encountered some problems with encoding the JMP instruction: enc inst size in bytes EB cb JMP rel8 2 E9 cw JMP rel16 4 (because of 0x66 16-bit prefix) E9 cd JMP rel32 5 ... (from my favourite x86 instruction website, http://siyobik.info/index.php?module=x86&id=147) All are relative jumps, where the size of each encoding (operation + operand) is in the third column. Now my original (and thus fault because of this) design reserved the maximum (5 bytes) space for each instruction. The operand is not yet known, because it's a jump to a yet unknown location. So I've implemented a "rewrite" mechanism, that rewrites the operands in the correct location in memory, if the location of the jump is known, and fills the rest with NOPs. This is a somewhat serious concern in tight-loops. Now my problem is with the following situation: b: XXX c: JMP a e: XXX ... XXX d: JMP b a: XXX (where XXX is any instruction, depending on the to-be assembled program) The problem is that I want the smallest possible encoding for a JMP instruction (and no NOP filling). I have to know the size of the instruction at c before I can calculate the relative distance between a and b for the operand at d. The same applies for the JMP at c: it needs to know the size of d before it can calculate the relative distance between e and a. How do existing assemblers implement this, or how would you implement this? This is what I am thinking which solves the problem: First encode all the instructions to opcodes between the JMP and it's target, and if this region contains a variable-sized opcode, use the maximum size, i.e. 5 for JMP. Then in some conditions, the JMP is oversized (because it may fit in a smaller encoding): so another pass will search for oversized JMPs, shrink them, and move all instructions ahead), and set absolute branching instructions (i.e. external CALLs) after this pass is completed. I wonder, perhaps this is an over-engineered solution, that's why I ask this question.

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  • Creating spotlight in OpenGL scene

    - by Victor Oliveira
    Im studying OpenGL and trying to create a spot light at my application. The code that Im using for my #vertex-shader is below: #:vertex-shader #{ #version 150 core in vec3 in_pos; in vec2 in_tc; out vec2 tc; glLightf(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPOT_CUTOFF, 20.0f); GLfloat spot_direction[] = { -1.0, -1.0, 0.0 }; glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPOT_DIRECTION, spot_direction); glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); void main() { vec4 pos= vec4(vec3(1.0)*in_pos - vec3(1.0), 1.0); pos.z=0.0; gl_Position = pos; tc = in_tc; } } The thing is, everytime Im trying to run the code an Error that says: Type: other, Source: api, ID: 131169, Severity: low Message: Framebuffer detailed info: The driver allocated storage for renderbuffer 1. len = 157, written = 0 failed to compile vertex shader of deferred: directional info log for shader deferred: directional vertex info log for shader deferred: directional: ERROR: Unbound variable: when Specifications: Renderer: GeForce GTX 580/PCIe/SSE2 Version: 3.3.0 NVIDIA 319.17 GLSL: 3.30 NVIDIA via Cg compiler Status: Using GLEW 1.9.0 1024 x 768 OS: Linux debian I guess to create this spotlight is pretty much simple, but since Im really new to OpenGL I dont have a clue how to do it until now, even reading sources like: http://www.glprogramming.com/red/chapter05.html#name3 Read also in some place that light spots can get really hard to understand, but I cant avoid this step right now since Im following my lecture schedule. Could anybody help me?

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  • how do i work bool!

    - by user350217
    HI! im a beginner and im really getting frustrated with this whole concept. i dont understand how to exactly use the bool function. i know what it is but i cantfigure out how to make it work in my program. Im trying to say that if my variable "selection" is any letter beween 'A' and 'I' then it is valid and can continue on to the next function which is called calcExchangeAmt(amtExchanged, selection). if it is false i want it to ask the user if they want to repeat the program and if they agree to repeat i want it to clear the screen and restart to the main function. please help edit my work! this is my bool function: bool isSelectionValid(char selection, char yesNo, double amtExchanged) { bool validData; validData = true; if((selection >= 'a' && selection <= 'i') || (selection >= 'A' && selection <= 'I')) { validData = calcExchangeAmt (amtExchanged, selection); } else(validData == false); { cout<<"Do you wish to continue? (Y for Yes / N for No)"; cin>>yesNo; } do { main(); } while ((yesNo =='y')||(yesNo == 'Y')); { system("cls"); } return 0; } this is the warning that im gettng: warning C4800: 'double' : forcing value to bool 'true' or 'false' (performance warning)

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  • Send already generated MHTML using CDOSYS through C#?

    - by mutex
    I have a ready generated MHTML as a byte array (from Aspose.Words) and would like to send it as an email. I'm trying to do this through CDOSYS, though am open to other suggestions. For now though I have the following: CDO.Message oMsg = new CDO.Message(); CDO.IConfiguration iConfg = oMsg.Configuration; Fields oFields = iConfg.Fields; // Set configuration. Field oField = oFields["http://schemas.microsoft.com/cdo/configuration/sendusing"]; oField.Value = CDO.CdoSendUsing.cdoSendUsingPort; oField = oFields["http://schemas.microsoft.com/cdo/configuration/smtpserver"]; oField.Value = SmtpClient.Host; oField = oFields["http://schemas.microsoft.com/cdo/configuration/smtpserverport"]; oField.Value = SmtpClient.Port; oFields.Update(); //oMsg.CreateMHTMLBody("http://www.microsoft.com", CDO.CdoMHTMLFlags.cdoSuppressNone, "", ""); // NEED MAGIC HERE :) oMsg.Subject = warning.Subject; // string oMsg.From = "[email protected]"; oMsg.To = warning.EmailAddress; oMsg.Send(); In this snippet, the warning variable has a Body property which is a byte[]. Where it says "NEED MAGIC HERE" in the code above I want to use this byte[] to set the body of the CDO Message. I have tried the following, which unsurprisingly doesn't work: oMsg.HTMLBody = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(warning.Body); Anybody have any ideas how I can achieve what I want with CDOSYS or something else?

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  • strange behavior in python

    - by fsm
    The tags might not be accurate since I am not sure where the problem is. I have a module where I am trying to read some data from a socket, and write the results into a file (append) It looks something like this, (only relevant parts included) if __name__ == "__main__": <some init code> for line in file: t = Thread(target=foo, args=(line,)) t.start() while nThreads > 0: time.sleep(1) Here are the other modules, def foo(text): global countLock, nThreads countLock.acquire() nThreads += 1 countLock.release() """connect to socket, send data, read response""" writeResults(text, result) countLock.acquire() nThreads -= 1 countLock.release() def writeResults(text, result): """acquire file lock""" """append to file""" """release file lock""" Now here's the problem. Initially, I had a typo in the function 'foo', where I was passing the variable 'line' to writeResults instead of 'text'. 'line' is not defined in the function foo, it's defined in the main block, so I should have seen an error, but instead, it worked fine, except that the data was appended to the file multiple times, instead of being written just once, which is the required behavior, which I got when I fixed the typo. My question is, 1) Why didn't I get an error? 2) Why was the writeResults function being called multiple times?

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  • Applying policy based design question

    - by Arthur
    I've not read the Modern C++ Design book but have found the idea of behavior injection through templates interesting. I am now trying to apply it myself. I have a class that has a logger that I thought could be injected as a policy. The logger has a log() method which takes an std::string or std::wstring depending on its policy: // basic_logger.hpp template<class String> class basic_logger { public: typedef String string_type; void log(const string_type & s) { ... } }; typedef basic_logger<std::string> logger; typedef basic_logger<std::wstring> wlogger; // reader.hpp template<class Logger = logger> class reader { public: typedef Logger logger_type; void read() { _logger.log("Reading..."); } private: logger_type _logger; }; Now the questing is, should the reader take a Logger as an argument, like above, or should it take a String and then instantiate a basic_logger as an instance variable? Like so: template<class String> class reader { public: typedef String string_type; typedef basic_logger<string_type> logger_type; // ... private: logger_type _logger; }; What is the right way to go?

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  • How to create a CGBitmapContext which works for Retina display and not wasting space for regular display?

    - by ????
    Is it true that if it is in UIKit, including drawRect, the HD aspect of Retina display is automatically handled? So does that mean in drawRect, the current graphics context for a 1024 x 768 view is actually a 2048 x 1536 pixel Bitmap context? (is there a way to print this size out to verify it). We actually enjoy the luxury of 1 point = 4 pixels automatically handled for us. However, if we use CGBitmapContextCreate, then those will really be pixels, not points? (at least if we provide a data buffer for that bitmap, the size is not for the higher resolution, but for the standard resolution, and even if we pass NULL as the buffer so that CGBitmapContextCreate handles the buffer for us, the size probably is the same as if we pass in a data buffer, and it is just standard resolution, not Retina's resolution). We can always create 2048 x 1536 for iPad 1 and iPad 2 as well as the New iPad, but it will waste memory and processor and GPU power, as it is only needed for the New iPad. So do we have to use a if () { } else { } to create such a bitmap context and how do we actually do so? And all our code CGContextMoveToPoint has to be adjusted for Retina display to use x * 2 and y * 2 vs non-retina display of just using x, y as well? That can be quite messy for the code. (or maybe we can define a local variable scaleFactor and set it to 1 for standard resolution and 2 if it is retina, so our x and y will always be x * scaleFactor, y * scaleFactor instead of just x and y.) It seems that UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions can create one for Retina automatically if the scale of 0.0 is passed in, but I don't think it can be used if I need to create the context and keep it (and using ivar or property of UIViewController to hold it). If I don't release it using UIGraphicsEndImageContext, then it stays in the graphics context stack, so it seems like I have to use CGBitmapContextCreate instead. (or do we just let it stay at the bottom of the stack and not worry about it?)

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  • How to convert struct to char array in C

    - by falcojr
    I'm trying to convert a struct to a char array to send over the network. However, I get some weird output from the char array when I do. #include <stdio.h> struct x { int x; } __attribute__((packed)); int main() { struct x a; a.x=127; char *b = (char *)&a; int i; for (i=0; i<4; i++) printf("%02x ", b[i]); printf("\n"); for (i=0; i<4; i++) printf("%d ", b[i]); printf("\n"); return 0; } Here is the output for various values of a.x (on an X86 using gcc): 127: 7f 00 00 00 127 0 0 0 128: ffffff80 00 00 00 -128 0 0 0 255: ffffffff 00 00 00 -1 0 0 0 256: 00 01 00 00 0 1 0 0 I understand the values for 127 and 256, but why do the numbers change when going to 128? Why wouldn't it just be: 80 00 00 00 128 0 0 0 Am I forgetting to do something in the conversion process or am I forgetting something about integer representation? *Note: This is just a small test program. In a real program I have more in the struct, better variable names, and I convert to little-endian. *Edit: formatting

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  • How to modify/replace option set file when building from command line?

    - by Heinrich Ulbricht
    I build packages from a batch file using commands like: msbuild ..\lib\Package.dproj /target:Build /p:config=%1 The packages' settings are dependent on an option set: <Import Project="..\optionsets\COND_Defined.optset" Condition="'$(Base)'!='' And Exists('..\optionsets\COND_Defined.optset')"/> This option set defines a conditional symbol many of my packages depend on. The file looks like this: <Project xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003"> <PropertyGroup> <DCC_Define>CONDITION;$(DCC_Define)</DCC_Define> </PropertyGroup> <ProjectExtensions> <Borland.Personality>Delphi.Personality.12</Borland.Personality> <Borland.ProjectType>OptionSet</Borland.ProjectType> <BorlandProject> <Delphi.Personality/> </BorlandProject> <ProjectFileVersion>12</ProjectFileVersion> </ProjectExtensions> </Project> Now I need two builds: one with the condition defined and one without. My attack vector would be the option set file. I have some ideas on what to do: write a program which modifies the option set file, run this before batch build fiddle with the project files and modify the option set path to contain an environment variable, then have different option sets in different locations But before starting to reinvent the wheel I'd like to ask how you would tackle this task? Maybe there are already means meant to support such a case (like certain command line switches, things I could configure in Delphi or batch file magic).

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  • PayPal express checkout on the shopping cart

    - by Noam Smadja
    i wish to achieve: so in my shopping cart page i set session("Payment_Amount") = total and downloaded both asp files the wizard told me. expresschecout.asp and paypalfunctions.asp. and added the API credentials to the corect place. and i add the form from their wizard: <form action='expresscheckout.asp' METHOD='POST'> <input type='image' name='submit' src='https://www.paypal.com/en_US/i/btn/btn_xpressCheckout.gif' border='0' align='top' alt='Check out with PayPal'/> </form> But when i go to my shopping cart and press on the paypal submit button i am taken to expressheckout.asp but the page stays whit, saying Done in the status bar. how can i debug that? :/ EDIT ADDED MY CODE, ASP: <!-- #include file ="paypalfunctions.asp" --> <% ' ================================== ' PayPal Express Checkout Module ' ================================== On Error Resume Next '------------------------------------ ' The paymentAmount is the total value of ' the shopping cart, that was set ' earlier in a session variable ' by the shopping cart page '------------------------------------ paymentAmount = Session("Payment_Amount") '------------------------------------ ' The currencyCodeType and paymentType ' are set to the selections made on the Integration Assistant '------------------------------------ currencyCodeType = "USD" paymentType = "Sale" '------------------------------------ ' The returnURL is the location where buyers return to when a ' payment has been succesfully authorized. ' ' This is set to the value entered on the Integration Assistant '------------------------------------ returnURL = "http://www.noamsm.co.il/index.asp" '------------------------------------ ' The cancelURL is the location buyers are sent to when they click the ' return to XXXX site where XXX is the merhcant store name ' during payment review on PayPal ' ' This is set to the value entered on the Integration Assistant '------------------------------------ cancelURL = "http://www.noamsm.co.il/index.asp" '------------------------------------ ' Calls the SetExpressCheckout API call ' ' The CallShortcutExpressCheckout function is defined in the file PayPalFunctions.asp, ' it is included at the top of this file. '------------------------------------------------- Set resArray = CallShortcutExpressCheckout (paymentAmount, currencyCodeType, paymentType, returnURL, cancelURL) ack = UCase(resArray("ACK")) If ack="SUCCESS" Then ' Redirect to paypal.com ReDirectURL( resArray("TOKEN") ) Else 'Display a user friendly Error on the page using any of the following error information returned by PayPal ErrorCode = URLDecode( resArray("L_ERRORCODE0")) ErrorShortMsg = URLDecode( resArray("L_SHORTMESSAGE0")) ErrorLongMsg = URLDecode( resArray("L_LONGMESSAGE0")) ErrorSeverityCode = URLDecode( resArray("L_SEVERITYCODE0")) End If %> i am guessing i am getting one of the errors from the bottom but cant find where to see thm..

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  • Temporary non-const istream reference in constructor (C++)

    - by Christopher Bruns
    It seems that a constructor that takes a non-const reference to an istream cannot be constructed with a temporary value in C++. #include <iostream> #include <sstream> using namespace std; class Bar { public: explicit Bar(std::istream& is) {} }; int main() { istringstream stream1("bar1"); Bar bar1(stream1); // OK on all platforms // compile error on linux, Mac gcc; OK on Windows MSVC Bar bar2(istringstream("bar2")); return 0; } This compiles fine with MSVC, but not with gcc. Using gcc I get a compile error: g++ test.cpp -o test test.cpp: In function ‘int main()’: test.cpp:18: error: no matching function for call to ‘Bar::Bar(std::istringstream)’ test.cpp:9: note: candidates are: Bar::Bar(std::istream&) test.cpp:7: note: Bar::Bar(const Bar&) Is there something philosophically wrong with the second way (bar2) of constructing a Bar object? It looks nicer to me, and does not require that stream1 variable that is only needed for a moment.

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  • Altruistic network connection bandwidth estimation

    - by datenwolf
    Assume two peers Alice and Bob connected over a IP network. Alice and Bob are exchanging packets of lossy compressed data which are generated and to be consumes in real time (think a VoIP or video chat application). The service is designed to cope with as little bandwidth available, but relies on low latencies. Alice and Bob would mark their connection with an apropriate QoS profile. Alice and Bob want use a variable bitrate compression and would like to consume all of the leftover bandwidth available for the connection between them, but would voluntarily reduce the consumed bitrate depending on the state of the network. However they'd like to retain a stable link, i.e. avoid interruptions in their decoded data stream caused by congestion and the delay until the bandwidth got adjusted. However it is perfectly possible for them to loose a few packets. TL;DR: Alice and Bob want to implement a VoIP protocol from scratch, and are curious about bandwidth and congestion control. What papers and resources do you suggest for Alice and Bob to read? Mainly in the area of bandwidth estimation and congestion control.

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