code complete - Page 49

Does a prose to code compiler exist?

- by Raynos

I have seen some horrible code in my time including people virtually duplicating the code in comments // add 4 to x x+=4; // for each i in 0 to 9 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { // multiply x by i x *= i; } Taking this concept further, I'm curious whether prose to code compilers exist. Is there a valid use case for English prose to code? Do compilers exist that do this? The distinction between this and auto generated code, is that auto generated code is generally always a subset of a project. Can we have complete projects auto generated from english prose? I realise that this might overlap with the concept of declarative languages.

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Releasing a project under GPL v2 or later without the source code of libraries

- by Luciano Silveira

I wrote a system in Java that I want to release under the terms of GPL v2 or later. I've used Apache Maven to deal with all the dependencies of the system, so I don't have the source code of any of the libraries used. I've already checked, all the libraries were released under GPL-compatible licenses (Apache v2, 3-clause BSD, MIT, LGPL v2 and v2.1). I have 3 questions about this scenario: 1) Can I release a package with only the binaries of code I wrote, not including the libraries, and distribute only the source code I wrote? 2) Can I release a package with all the binaries, including the libraries, and distribute only the source code I wrote? 3) Can I release a package with all the binaries, including the libraries, and distribute only the source code I wrote plus the source code of the libraries licensed under the LGPL license?

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How do you handle measuring Code Coverage in JavaScript

- by Dancrumb

In order to measure Code Coverage for JavaScript unit tests, one needs to instrument the code, run the tests and then perform post-processing. My concern is that, as a result, you are unit testing code that will never be run in production. Since JavaScript isn't compiled, what you test should be precisely what you execute. So here's my question, how do you handle this? One thought I had was to run Unit Testing on the production code and use that for my pass fail. I would then create a shadow of my production code, with instrumentation and run my unit tests again; this would give me my code coverage stats. Has anyone come across a method that is a little more graceful than this?

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What is testable code?

- by Michael Freidgeim

We are improving quality of code and trying to develop more unit tests. The question that developers asked was "How to make code testable ?" From http://openmymind.net/2010/8/17/Write-testable-code-even-if-you-dont-write-tests/ First and foremost, its loosely coupled, taking advantage of dependency injection (and auto-wiring), composition and interface-programming. Testable code is also readable - meaning it leverages single responsibility principle and Liskov substitution principle.A few practical suggestions are listed in http://misko.hevery.com/code-reviewers-guide/More recommendations are in http://googletesting.blogspot.com/2008/08/by-miko-hevery-so-you-decided-to.htmlIt is slightly too theoretical - " the trick is translating these abstract concepts into concrete decisions in your code."

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Un espace de revue de code a ouvert ses portes dans la rubrique Qt, venez participer

Bonjour à tous, Suite à une certaine demande après le défi, il nous a semblé utile d'organiser quelque peu une revue de code Qt. En deux mots, de quoi s'agit-il ? Des développeurs plus expérimentés lisent le code d'autres développeurs et le commentent : ceci aurait été mieux d'une autre manière, ce commentaire ne veut rien dire, ce pavé de code devrait être réécrit, etc. Des remarques sur le fond et la forme du code, sur son organisation, les patrons de conception utilisés, les concepts inhérents à Qt et/ou au C++ mal compris ou mal appliqués, etc. L'objectif est de confronter les opinions sur un code pour qu'au final tout le monde y gagne. Pour l'organisation, autant faire simple : pour ceux qui souhaitent une revue de code, créez un ...

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Top X tips to code & debug efficiently [closed]

- by user1510230

I'm starting a big Java project and I wanted to have some advices that could benefit us all. What are the X (X could be 5 / 10 / ... or even 100 :) most important tips to code and debug efficiently in general (and in particular with java / javascript) ? I'll start with some basic ones : Use functions everytime a portion of code is used more than twice. Try not to code features with more than 15 lines of code in one shot. Rather write 5 lines of code then check if they work correctly then write 5 more... and so on start with the outcome of the function and then code it backwards (bottom-top approach) ... Thanks everybody

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Where to find GUI code

- by muffinz

I've been rummaging through Unity's source code (Shell Interface) and I was a little curious about something; where in the code are you supposed to find positional code? I'll clarify a bit with some examples. How do you find in the code what tells the Launcher to sit on the left side of the screen? Where in the code does it tell the "Session" button on the panel (top) to sit at the very right of the screen? I guess my real question is how do I find this out for myself? I've looked through a big portion of the source code and can't find anything related to the actual position of these items, only their sub-items like text-align. Any guidance on this would be much appreciated.

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Linux Kernel wait_for_completion_timeout not wakeup by complete

- by Jun Li

I am working on a strange issue with the i2c-omap driver. I am not sure if the problem happens at other time or not, but it happens around 5% of the time I tried to power off the system. During system power off, I write to some registers in the PMIC via I2C. In i2c-omap.c, I can see that the calling thread is waiting on wait_for_completion_timeout with a timeout value set to 1 second. And I can see the IRQ called "complete" (I added printk AFTER "complete"). However, after "complete" gets called, the wait_for_completion_timeout did not return. Instead, it takes up to 5 MINUTES before it returns. And the return value of wait_for_completion_timeout is positive indicating that there is no timeout. And the whole I2C transaction was successful. In the meantime, I can see printk messages from other drivers. And the serial console still works. It is on Android, and if I use "top" I can see system_server is taking about 95% of the CPU. Killing system_server can make the wait_for_completion_timeout return immediately. So my question is what could a user space app (system_server) do to make a kernel "wait_for_completion_timeout" not being wake up? Thanks!

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Should checkins be small steps or complete features?

- by Caspin

Two of version controls uses seem to dictate different checkin styles. distibution centric: changesets will generally reflect a complete feature. In general these checkins will be larger. This style is more user/maintainer friendly. rollback centric: changesets will be individual small steps so the history can function like an incredibly powerful undo. In general these checkins will be smaller. This style is more developer friendly. I like to use my version control as really powerful undo while while I banging away at some stubborn code/bug. In this way I'm not afraid to make drastic changes just to try out a possible solution. However, this seems to give me a fragmented file history with lots of "well that didn't work" checkins. If instead I try to have my changeset reflect complete features I loose the use of my version control software for experimentation. However, it is much easier for user/maintainers to figure out how the code is evolving. Which has great advantages for code reviews, managing multiple branches, etc. So what's a developer to do? checkin small steps or complete features?

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PL/SQL pre-compile and Code Quality checks in an automatted build environment?

- by Lars Corneliussen

We build software using Hudson and Maven. We have C#, java and last, but not least PL/SQL sources (sprocs, packages, DDL, crud) For C# and Java we do unit tests and code analysis, but we don't really know the health of our PL/SQL sources before we actually publish them to the target database. Requirements There are a couple of things we wan't to test in the following priority: Are the sources valid, hence "compilable"? For packages, with respect to a certain database, would they compile? Code Quality: Do we have code flaws like duplicates, too complex methods or other violations to a defined set of rules? Also, the tool must run head-less (commandline, ant, ...) we wan't to do analysis on a partial code base (changed sources only) Tools We did a little research and found the following tools that could potencially help: Cast Application Intelligence Platform (AIP): Seems to be a server that grasps information about "anything". Couldn't find a console version that would export in readable format. Toad for Oracle: The Professional version is said to include something called Xpert validates a set of rules against a code base. Sonar + PL/SQL-Plugin: Uses Toad for Oracle to display code-health the sonar-way. This is for browsing the current state of the code base. Semantic Designs DMSToolkit: Quite general analysis of source code base. Commandline available? Semantic Designs Clones Detector: Detects clones. But also via command line? Fortify Source Code Analyzer: Seems to be focussed on security issues. But maybe it is extensible? more... So far, Toad for Oracle together with Sonar seems to be an elegant solution. But may be we are missing something here? Any ideas? Other products? Experiences? Related Questions on SO: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/531430/any-static-code-analysis-tools-for-stored-procedures http://stackoverflow.com/questions/839707/any-code-quality-tool-for-pl-sql http://stackoverflow.com/questions/956104/is-there-a-static-analysis-tool-for-python-ruby-sql-cobol-perl-and-pl-sql

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I want tell the VC++ Compiler to compile all code. Can it be done?

- by KGB

I am using VS2005 VC++ for unmanaged C++. I have VSTS and am trying to use the code coverage tool to accomplish two things with regards to unit tests: See how much of my referenced code under test is getting executed See how many methods of my code under test (if any) are not unit tested at all Setting up the VSTS code coverage tool (see the link text) and accomplishing task #1 was straightforward. However #2 has been a surprising challenge for me. Here is my test code. class CodeCoverageTarget { public: std::string ThisMethodRuns() { return "Running"; } std::string ThisMethodDoesNotRun() { return "Not Running"; } }; #include <iostream> #include "CodeCoverageTarget.h" using namespace std; int main() { CodeCoverageTarget cct; cout<<cct.ThisMethodRuns()<<endl; } When both methods are defined within the class as above the compiler automatically eliminates the ThisMethodDoesNotRun() from the obj file. If I move it's definition outside the class then it is included in the obj file and the code coverage tool shows it has not been exercised at all. Under most circumstances I want the compiler to do this elimination for me but for the code coverage tool it defeats a significant portion of the value (e.g. finding untested methods). I have tried a number of things to tell the compiler to stop being smart for me and compile everything but I am stumped. It would be nice if the code coverage tool compensated for this (I suppose by scanning the source and matching it up with the linker output) but I didn't find anything to suggest it has a special mode to be turned on. Am I totally missing something simple here or is this not possible with the VC++ compiler + VSTS code coverage tool? Thanks in advance, KGB

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Are there any good resources for developing Entity Framework 4 code-first?

- by KallDrexx

I am trying to convert my model-first project to code-first, as I can see dealing with the models with the graphical designer will become hard. Unfortunately, with all my googling I can't find one good reference that describes how to do code-first development. Most resources are out of date (so out of date they refer to it as code-only), and the other references I can find seem to assume you understand the basics of context building and code-first (for example, they reference code to build contexts but don't describe where that code should actually go, and how it's actually run). Are there any decent resources for code-first development, that describe how to map your POCO entities into a database schema?

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What should be done first: Code reviews or Unit tests?

- by goldenmean

Hello, If a developer implements code for some module and wants to get it reviewed. What should be the order : *First unit test the module after designing test cases for the module, debugging and fixing the bugs and then give the modified code for peer code review (Pros- Code to be reviewed is 'clean' to a good extent. Reduces some avoidable review comments and rework. Cons- Developer might spend large time debugging/fixing a bug which could have pointed/anticipated in peer code reviews) Or *First do the code review with peers and then go for unit testing. What are your thoughts/experience on this? I believe this approach for unit testing, code reviewing should be programming language agnostic, but it would be interesting to know otherwise(if applicable) with specific examples. -AD

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What books help one to learn to read code?

- by Daniel

Lion's Commentary on Unix Sixth Edition with Source Code is a wonderful book to learn how to read code. Reading code is important -- how does one learn how to write excellent code without having read excellent code? But, sadly, while great writers, of fiction and non-fiction, all spend a great deal of time reading stuff, we, programmers, seem to avoid it like the plague. Worse still, programming books usually go the same way. They might show a pattern or a style, but they often avoid showing good, complex code, and helping one go through it. There are exceptions, of course. I hope. So, with that in mind, what books are to be found which help one learn how to read code?

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Using the StopWatch class to calculate the execution time of a block of code

- by vik20000in

Many of the times while doing the performance tuning of some, class, webpage, component, control etc. we first measure the current time taken in the execution of that code. This helps in understanding the location in code which is actually causing the performance issue and also help in measuring the amount of improvement by making the changes. This measurement is very important as it helps us understand the problem in code, Helps us to write better code next time (as we have already learnt what kind of improvement can be made with different code) . Normally developers create 2 objects of the DateTime class. The exact time is collected before and after the code where the performance needs to be measured. Next the difference between the two objects is used to know about the time spent in the code that is measured. Below is an example of the sample code. DateTime dt1, dt2; dt1 = DateTime.Now; for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) { string str = "string"; } dt2 = DateTime.Now; TimeSpan ts = dt2.Subtract(dt1); Console.WriteLine("Time Spent : " + ts.TotalMilliseconds.ToString()); The above code works great. But the dot net framework also provides for another way to capture the time spent on the code without doing much effort (creating 2 datetime object, timespan object etc..). We can use the inbuilt StopWatch class to get the exact time spent. Below is an example of the same work with the help of the StopWatch class. Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew(); for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) { string str = "string"; } sw.Stop(); Console.WriteLine("Time Spent : " +sw.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds.ToString()); [Note the StopWatch class resides in the System.Diagnostics namespace] If you use the StopWatch class the time taken for measuring the performance is much better, with very little effort. Vikram

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Managing common code on Windows 7 (.NET) and Windows 8 (WinRT)

- by ryanabr

Recent announcements regarding Windows Phone 8 and the fact that it will have the WinRT behind it might make some of this less painful but I discovered the "XmlDocument" object is in a new location in WinRT and is almost the same as it's brother in .NET System.Xml.XmlDocument (.NET) Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.XmlDocument (WinRT) The problem I am trying to solve is how to work with both types in the code that performs the same task on both Windows Phone 7 and Windows 8 platforms. The first thing I did was define my own XmlNode and XmlNodeList classes that wrap the actual Microsoft objects so that by using the "#if" compiler directive either work with the WinRT version of the type, or the .NET version from the calling code easily. public class XmlNode { #if WIN8 public Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.IXmlNode Node { get; set; } public XmlNode(Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.IXmlNode xmlNode) { Node = xmlNode; } #endif #if !WIN8 public System.Xml.XmlNode Node { get; set ; } public XmlNode(System.Xml.XmlNode xmlNode) { Node = xmlNode; } #endif } public class XmlNodeList { #if WIN8 public Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.XmlNodeList List { get; set; } public int Count {get {return (int)List.Count;}} public XmlNodeList(Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.XmlNodeList list) { List = list; } #endif #if !WIN8 public System.Xml.XmlNodeList List { get; set ; } public int Count { get { return List.Count;}} public XmlNodeList(System.Xml.XmlNodeList list) { List = list; } #endif } From there I can then use my XmlNode and XmlNodeList in the calling code with out having to clutter the code with all of the additional #if switches. The challenge after this was the code that worked directly with the XMLDocument object needed to be seperate on both platforms since the method for populating the XmlDocument object is completly different on both platforms. To solve this issue. I made partial classes, one partial class for .NET and one for WinRT. Both projects have Links to the Partial Class that contains the code that is the same for the majority of the class, and the partial class contains the code that is unique to the version of the XmlDocument. The files with the little arrow in the lower left corner denotes 'linked files' and are shared in multiple projects but only exist in one location in source control. You can see that the _Win7 partial class is included directly in the project since it include code that is only for the .NET platform, where as it's cousin the _Win8 (not pictured above) has all of the code specific to the _Win8 platform. In the _Win7 partial class is this code: public partial class WUndergroundViewModel { public static WUndergroundData GetWeatherData( double lat, double lng) { WUndergroundData data = new WUndergroundData(); System.Net. WebClient c = new System.Net. WebClient(); string req = "http://api.wunderground.com/api/xxx/yesterday/conditions/forecast/q/[LAT],[LNG].xml" ; req = req.Replace( "[LAT]" , lat.ToString()); req = req.Replace( "[LNG]" , lng.ToString()); XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument(); doc.Load(c.OpenRead(req)); foreach (XmlNode item in doc.SelectNodes("/response/features/feature" )) { switch (item.Node.InnerText) { case "yesterday" : ParseForecast( new FishingControls.XmlNodeList (doc.SelectNodes( "/response/forecast/txt_forecast/forecastdays/forecastday" )), new FishingControls.XmlNodeList (doc.SelectNodes( "/response/forecast/simpleforecast/forecastdays/forecastday" )), data); break ; case "conditions" : ParseCurrent( new FishingControls.XmlNode (doc.SelectSingleNode("/response/current_observation" )), data); break ; case "forecast" : ParseYesterday( new FishingControls.XmlNodeList (doc.SelectNodes( "/response/history/observations/observation" )),data); break ; } } return data; } } in _win8 partial class is this code: public partial class WUndergroundViewModel { public async static Task< WUndergroundData > GetWeatherData(double lat, double lng) { WUndergroundData data = new WUndergroundData (); HttpClient c = new HttpClient (); string req = "http://api.wunderground.com/api/xxxx/yesterday/conditions/forecast/q/[LAT],[LNG].xml" ; req = req.Replace( "[LAT]" , lat.ToString()); req = req.Replace( "[LNG]" , lng.ToString()); HttpResponseMessage msg = await c.GetAsync(req); string stream = await msg.Content.ReadAsStringAsync(); XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument (); doc.LoadXml(stream, null); foreach ( IXmlNode item in doc.SelectNodes("/response/features/feature" )) { switch (item.InnerText) { case "yesterday" : ParseForecast( new FishingControls.XmlNodeList (doc.SelectNodes( "/response/forecast/txt_forecast/forecastdays/forecastday" )), new FishingControls.XmlNodeList (doc.SelectNodes( "/response/forecast/simpleforecast/forecastdays/forecastday" )), data); break; case "conditions" : ParseCurrent( new FishingControls.XmlNode (doc.SelectSingleNode("/response/current_observation" )), data); break; case "forecast" : ParseYesterday( new FishingControls.XmlNodeList (doc.SelectNodes( "/response/history/observations/observation")), data); break; } } return data; } } Summary: This method allows me to have common 'business' code for both platforms that is pretty clean, and I manage the technology differences separately. Thank you tostringtheory for your suggestion, I was considering that approach.

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C# 5 Async, Part 3: Preparing Existing code For Await

- by Reed

While the Visual Studio Async CTP provides a fantastic model for asynchronous programming, it requires code to be implemented in terms of Task and Task<T>. The CTP adds support for Task-based asynchrony to the .NET Framework methods, and promises to have these implemented directly in the framework in the future. However, existing code outside the framework will need to be converted to using the Task class prior to being usable via the CTP. Wrapping existing asynchronous code into a Task or Task<T> is, thankfully, fairly straightforward. There are two main approaches to this. Code written using the Asynchronous Programming Model (APM) is very easy to convert to using Task<T>. The TaskFactory class provides the tools to directly convert APM code into a method returning a Task<T>. This is done via the FromAsync method. This method takes the BeginOperation and EndOperation methods, as well as any parameters and state objects as arguments, and returns a Task<T> directly. For example, we could easily convert the WebRequest BeginGetResponse and EndGetResponse methods into a method which returns a Task<WebResponse> via: Task<WebResponse> task = Task.Factory .FromAsync<WebResponse>( request.BeginGetResponse, request.EndGetResponse, null); .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } Event-based Asynchronous Pattern (EAP) code can also be wrapped into a Task<T>, though this requires a bit more effort than the one line of code above. This is handled via the TaskCompletionSource<T> class. MSDN provides a detailed example of using this to wrap an EAP operation into a method returning Task<T>. It demonstrates handling cancellation and exception handling as well as the basic operation of the asynchronous method itself. The basic form of this operation is typically: Task<YourResult> GetResultAsync() { var tcs = new TaskCompletionSource<YourResult>(); // Handle the event, and setup the task results... this.GetResultCompleted += (o,e) => { if (e.Error != null) tcs.TrySetException(e.Error); else if (e.Cancelled) tcs.TrySetCanceled(); else tcs.TrySetResult(e.Result); }; // Call the asynchronous method this.GetResult(); // Return the task from the TaskCompletionSource return tcs.Task; } We can easily use these methods to wrap our own code into a method that returns a Task<T>. Existing libraries which cannot be edited can be extended via Extension methods. The CTP uses this technique to add appropriate methods throughout the framework. The suggested naming for these methods is to define these methods as “Task<YourResult> YourClass.YourOperationAsync(…)”. However, this naming often conflicts with the default naming of the EAP. If this is the case, the CTP has standardized on using “Task<YourResult> YourClass.YourOperationTaskAsync(…)”. Once we’ve wrapped all of our existing code into operations that return Task<T>, we can begin investigating how the Async CTP can be used with our own code.

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How to use wget to grab copy of Google Code site documents?

- by Alex Reynolds

I have a Google Code project which has a lot of wiki'ed documentation. I would like to create a copy of this documentation for offline browsing. I would like to use wget or a similar utility. I have tried the following: $ wget --no-parent \ --recursive \ --page-requisites \ --html-extension \ --base="http://code.google.com/p/myProject/" \ "http://code.google.com/p/myProject/" The problem is that links from within the mirrored copy have links like: file:///p/myProject/documentName This renaming of links in this way causes 404 (not found) errors, since the links point to nowhere valid on the filesystem. What options should I use instead with wget, so that I can make a local copy of the site's documentation and other pages?

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Entity Framework Code-First to Provide Replacement for ASP.NET Profile Provider

- by Ken Cox [MVP]

A while back, I coordinated a project to add support for the SQL Table Profile Provider in ASP.NET 4 Web Applications. We urged Microsoft to improve ASP.NET’s built-in Profile support so our workaround wouldn’t be necessary. Instead, Microsoft plans to provide a replacement for ASP.NET Profile in a forthcoming release. In response to my feature suggestion on Connect, Microsoft says we should look for something even better using Entity Framework: “When code-first is officially released the final piece of a full replacement of the ASP.NET Profile will have arrived. Once code-first for EF4 is released, developers will have a really easy and very approachable way to create any arbitrary class, and automatically have the .NET Framework create a table to provide storage for that class. Furthermore developer will also have full LINQ-query capabilities against code-first classes. “ The downside is that there won’t be a way to retrofit this Profile replacement to pre- ASP.NET 4 Web applications. At least there’ll still be the MVP workaround code. It looks like it’s time for me to dig into a CTP of EF Code-First to see what’s available. Scott Guthrie has been blogging about Code-First Development with Entity Framework 4. It’s not clear when the EF Code-First is coming, but my guess is that it’ll be part of the VS 2010/.NET 4 service pack.

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Deprecated Methods in Code Base

- by Jamie Taylor

A lot of the code I've been working on recently, both professionally (read: at work) and in other spheres (read: at home, for friends/family/etc, or NOT FOR WORK), has been worked on, redesigned and re-implemented several times - where possible/required. This has been in an effort to make things smaller, faster more efficient, better and closer to spec (when requirements have changed). A down side to this is that I now have several code bases that have deprecated method blocks (and in some places small objects). I'm looking at making this code maintainable and easy to roll back on changes. I'm already using version control software in both instances, but I'm left wondering if there are any specific techniques that have been used by others for keeping the superseded methods without increasing the size of compiled outputs? At the minute, I'm simply wrapping the old code in C style multi line comments. Here's an example of what I mean (C style, psuedo-code): void main () { //Do some work //Foo(); //Deprecated method call Bar(); //New method } /***** Deprecated code ***** /// Summary of Method void Foo() { //Do some work } ***** Deprecated Code *****/ /// Summary of method void Bar() { //Do some work } I've added a C style example, simply because I'm more confident with the C style languages. I'm trying to put this question across as language agnostic (hence the tag), and would prefer language agnostic answers, if possible - since I see this question as more of a techniques and design question. I'd like to keep the old methods and blocks for a bunch of reasons, chief amongst them being the ability to quickly restore an older working method in the case of some tests failing, or some unforeseen circumstance. Is there a better way to do this (that multi line comments)? Are there any tools that will allow me to store these old methods in separate files? Is that even a good idea?

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C# 5.0 Async/Await Demo Code

- by Paulo Morgado

I’ve published the sample code I use to demonstrate the use of async/await in C# 5.0. You can find it here. Projects PauloMorgado.AyncDemo.WebServer This project is a simple web server implemented as a console application using Microsoft ASP.NET Web API self hosting and serves an image (with a delay) that is accessed by the other projects. This project has a dependency on Json.NET due to the fact the the Microsoft ASP.NET Web API hosting has a dependency on Json.NET. The application must be run on a command prompt with administrative privileges or a urlacl must be added to allow the use of the following command: netsh http add urlacl url=http://+:9090/ user=machine\username To remove the urlacl, just use the following command: netsh http delete urlacl url=http://+:9090/ PauloMorgado.AsyncDemo.WindowsForms This Windows Forms project contains three regions that must be uncommented one at a time: Sync with WebClient This code retrieves the image through a synchronous call using the WebClient class. Async with WebClient This code retrieves the image through an asynchronous call using the WebClient class. Async with HttpClient with cancelation This code retrieves the image through an asynchronous call with cancelation using the HttpClient class. PauloMorgado.AsyncDemo.Wpf This WPF project contains three regions that must be uncommented one at a time: Sync with WebClient This code retrieves the image through a synchronous call using the WebClient class. Async with WebClient This code retrieves the image through an asynchronous call using the WebClient class. Async with HttpClient with cancelation This code retrieves the image through an asynchronous call with cancelation using the HttpClient class.

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Refactor This (Ugly Code)!

- by Alois Kraus

Ayende has put on his blog some ugly code to refactor. First and foremost it is nearly impossible to reason about other peoples code without knowing the driving forces behind the current code. It is certainly possible to make it much cleaner when potential sources of errors cannot happen in the first place due to good design. I can see what the intention of the code is but I do not know about every brittle detail if I am allowed to reorder things here and there to simplify things. So I decided to make it much simpler by identifying the different responsibilities of the methods and encapsulate it in different classes. The code we need to refactor seems to deal with a handler after a message has been sent to a message queue. The handler does complete the current transaction if there is any and does handle any errors happening there. If during the the completion of the transaction errors occur the transaction is at least disposed. We can enter the handler already in a faulty state where we try to deliver the complete event in any case and signal a failure event and try to resend the message again to the queue if it was not inside a transaction. All is decorated with many try/catch blocks, duplicated code and some state variables to route the program flow. It is hard to understand and difficult to reason about. In other words: This code is a mess and could be written by me if I was under pressure. Here comes to code we want to refactor: private void HandleMessageCompletion( Message message, TransactionScope tx, OpenedQueue messageQueue, Exception exception, Action<CurrentMessageInformation, Exception> messageCompleted, Action<CurrentMessageInformation> beforeTransactionCommit) { var txDisposed = false; if (exception == null) { try { if (tx != null) { if (beforeTransactionCommit != null) beforeTransactionCommit(currentMessageInformation); tx.Complete(); tx.Dispose(); txDisposed = true; } try { if (messageCompleted != null) messageCompleted(currentMessageInformation, exception); } catch (Exception e) { Trace.TraceError("An error occured when raising the MessageCompleted event, the error will NOT affect the message processing"+ e); } return; } catch (Exception e) { Trace.TraceWarning("Failed to complete transaction, moving to error mode"+ e); exception = e; } } try { if (txDisposed == false && tx != null) { Trace.TraceWarning("Disposing transaction in error mode"); tx.Dispose(); } } catch (Exception e) { Trace.TraceWarning("Failed to dispose of transaction in error mode."+ e); } if (message == null) return; try { if (messageCompleted != null) messageCompleted(currentMessageInformation, exception); } catch (Exception e) { Trace.TraceError("An error occured when raising the MessageCompleted event, the error will NOT affect the message processing"+ e); } try { var copy = MessageProcessingFailure; if (copy != null) copy(currentMessageInformation, exception); } catch (Exception moduleException) { Trace.TraceError("Module failed to process message failure: " + exception.Message+ moduleException); } if (messageQueue.IsTransactional == false)// put the item back in the queue { messageQueue.Send(message); } } You can see quite some processing and handling going on there. Yes this looks like real world code one did put together to make things work and he does not trust his callbacks. I guess these are event handlers which are optional and the delegates were extracted from an event to call them back later when necessary. Lets see what the author of this code did intend: private void HandleMessageCompletion( TransactionHandler transactionHandler, MessageCompletionHandler handler, CurrentMessageInformation messageInfo, ErrorCollector errors ) { // commit current pending transaction transactionHandler.CallHandlerAndCommit(messageInfo, errors); // We have an error for a null message do not send completion event if (messageInfo.CurrentMessage == null) return; // Send completion event in any case regardless of errors handler.OnMessageCompleted(messageInfo, errors); // put message back if queue is not transactional transactionHandler.ResendMessageOnError(messageInfo.CurrentMessage, errors); } I did not bother to write the intention here again since the code should be pretty self explaining by now. I have used comments to explain the still nontrivial procedure step by step revealing the real intention about all this complex program flow. The original complexity of the problem domain does not go away but by applying the techniques of SRP (Single Responsibility Principle) and some functional style but we can abstract the necessary complexity away in useful abstractions which make it much easier to reason about it. Since most of the method seems to deal with errors I thought it was a good idea to encapsulate the error state of our current message in an ErrorCollector object which stores all exceptions in a list along with a description what the error all was about in the exception itself. We can log it later or not depending on the log level or whatever. It is really just a simple list that encapsulates the current error state. class ErrorCollector { List<Exception> _Errors = new List<Exception>(); public void Add(Exception ex, string description) { ex.Data["Description"] = description; _Errors.Add(ex); } public Exception Last { get { return _Errors.LastOrDefault(); } } public bool HasError { get { return _Errors.Count > 0; } } } Since the error state is global we have two choices to store a reference in the other helper objects (TransactionHandler and MessageCompletionHandler)or pass it to the method calls when necessary. I did chose the latter one because a second argument does not hurt and makes it easier to reason about the overall state while the helper objects remain stateless and immutable which makes the helper objects much easier to understand and as a bonus thread safe as well. This does not mean that the stored member variables are stateless or thread safe as well but at least our helper classes are it. Most of the complexity is located the transaction handling I consider as a separate responsibility that I delegate to the TransactionHandler which does nothing if there is no transaction or Call the Before Commit Handler Commit Transaction Dispose Transaction if commit did throw In fact it has a second responsibility to resend the message if the transaction did fail. I did see a good fit there since it deals with transaction failures. class TransactionHandler { TransactionScope _Tx; Action<CurrentMessageInformation> _BeforeCommit; OpenedQueue _MessageQueue; public TransactionHandler(TransactionScope tx, Action<CurrentMessageInformation> beforeCommit, OpenedQueue messageQueue) { _Tx = tx; _BeforeCommit = beforeCommit; _MessageQueue = messageQueue; } public void CallHandlerAndCommit(CurrentMessageInformation currentMessageInfo, ErrorCollector errors) { if (_Tx != null && !errors.HasError) { try { if (_BeforeCommit != null) { _BeforeCommit(currentMessageInfo); } _Tx.Complete(); _Tx.Dispose(); } catch (Exception ex) { errors.Add(ex, "Failed to complete transaction, moving to error mode"); Trace.TraceWarning("Disposing transaction in error mode"); try { _Tx.Dispose(); } catch (Exception ex2) { errors.Add(ex2, "Failed to dispose of transaction in error mode."); } } } } public void ResendMessageOnError(Message message, ErrorCollector errors) { if (errors.HasError && !_MessageQueue.IsTransactional) { _MessageQueue.Send(message); } } } If we need to change the handling in the future we have a much easier time to reason about our application flow than before. After we did complete our transaction and called our callback we can call the completion handler which is the main purpose of the HandleMessageCompletion method after all. The responsiblity o the MessageCompletionHandler is to call the completion callback and the failure callback when some error has occurred. class MessageCompletionHandler { Action<CurrentMessageInformation, Exception> _MessageCompletedHandler; Action<CurrentMessageInformation, Exception> _MessageProcessingFailure; public MessageCompletionHandler(Action<CurrentMessageInformation, Exception> messageCompletedHandler, Action<CurrentMessageInformation, Exception> messageProcessingFailure) { _MessageCompletedHandler = messageCompletedHandler; _MessageProcessingFailure = messageProcessingFailure; } public void OnMessageCompleted(CurrentMessageInformation currentMessageInfo, ErrorCollector errors) { try { if (_MessageCompletedHandler != null) { _MessageCompletedHandler(currentMessageInfo, errors.Last); } } catch (Exception ex) { errors.Add(ex, "An error occured when raising the MessageCompleted event, the error will NOT affect the message processing"); } if (errors.HasError) { SignalFailedMessage(currentMessageInfo, errors); } } void SignalFailedMessage(CurrentMessageInformation currentMessageInfo, ErrorCollector errors) { try { if (_MessageProcessingFailure != null) _MessageProcessingFailure(currentMessageInfo, errors.Last); } catch (Exception moduleException) { errors.Add(moduleException, "Module failed to process message failure"); } } } If for some reason I did screw up the logic and we need to call the completion handler from our Transaction handler we can simple add to the CallHandlerAndCommit method a third argument to the MessageCompletionHandler and we are fine again. If the logic becomes even more complex and we need to ensure that the completed event is triggered only once we have now one place the completion handler to capture the state. During this refactoring I simple put things together that belong together and came up with useful abstractions. If you look at the original argument list of the HandleMessageCompletion method I have put many things together: Original Arguments New Arguments Encapsulate Message message CurrentMessageInformation messageInfo Message message TransactionScope tx Action<CurrentMessageInformation> beforeTransactionCommit OpenedQueue messageQueue TransactionHandler transactionHandler TransactionScope tx OpenedQueue messageQueue Action<CurrentMessageInformation> beforeTransactionCommit Exception exception, ErrorCollector errors Action<CurrentMessageInformation, Exception> messageCompleted MessageCompletionHandler handler Action<CurrentMessageInformation, Exception> messageCompleted Action<CurrentMessageInformation, Exception> messageProcessingFailure The reason is simple: Put the things that have relationships together and you will find nearly automatically useful abstractions. I hope this makes sense to you. If you see a way to make it even more simple you can show Ayende your improved version as well.

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Is there an alternative to Google Code Search?

- by blunders

Per the Official Google Blog: Code Search, which was designed to help people search for open source code all over the web, will be shut down along with the Code Search API on January 15, 2012. Google Code Search is now gone, and since that makes it much harder to understand the features it presented, here's my attempt to render them via information I gathered from a cache of the page for the Search Options: The "In Search Box" just notes the syntax to type the command directly in the main search box instead of using the advance search interface. Package (In Search Box: "package:linux-2.6") Language (In Search Box: "lang:c++") (OPTIONS: any language, actionscript, ada, applescript, asp, assembly, autoconf, automake, awk, basic, bat, c, c#, c++, caja, cobol, coldfusion, configure, css, d, eiffel, erlang, fortran, go, haskell, inform, java, java, javascript, jsp, lex, limbo, lisp, lolcode, lua, m4, makefile, maple, mathematica, matlab, messagecatalog, modula2, modula3, objectivec, ocaml, pascal, perl, php, pod, prolog, proto, python, python, r, rebol, ruby, sas, scheme, scilab, sgml, shell, smalltalk, sml, sql, svg, tcl, tex, texinfo, troff, verilog, vhdl, vim, xslt, xul, yacc) File (In Search Box: "file:^.*.java$") Class (In Search Box: "class:HashMap") Function (In Search Box: "function:toString") License (In Search Box: "license:mozilla") (OPTIONS: null/any-license, aladdin/Aladdin-Public-License, artistic/Artistic-License, apache/Apache-License, apple/Apple-Public-Source-License, bsd/BSD-License, cpl/Common-Public-License, epl/Eclipse-Public-License, agpl/GNU-Affero-General-Public-License, gpl/GNU-General-Public-License, lgpl/GNU-Lesser-General-Public-License, disclaimer/Historical-Permission-Notice-and-Disclaimer, ibm/IBM-Public-License, lucent/Lucent-Public-License, mit/MIT-License, mozilla/Mozilla-Public-License, nasa/NASA-Open-Source-Agreement, python/Python-Software-Foundation-License, qpl/Q-Public-License, sleepycat/Sleepycat-License, zope/Zope-Public-License) Case Sensitive (In Search Box: "case:no") (OPTIONS: yes, no) Also of use in understanding the search tool would be the still live FAQs page for Google Code Search. Is there any code search engine that would fully replace Google Code Search's features?

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Is there a measure of code rot?

- by DarenW

I'm dealing, again, with a messy C++ application, tons of classes with confusing names, objects have pointers into each other and all over, longwinded Boost and STL data types, etc. (Pause and consider your favorite terror of messy legacy code. We probably have it.) The phrase "code rot" oft comes to mind when I work on this project. Is there a quantitative way to measure code rot? I wouldn't expect anything highly meaningful or scientific, since no other measure of code productivity or quality is so fine. I'm not looking for a mere opposite of measures of code quality, but specifically a measure of how many bad things happened after a series of maintenance software "engineers" have had turns hacking at the code. A general measure applying to any language, or many languages, would be great. If there's no such thing, at least for C++, which is a better than average language for creating messes. Maybe something involving a measure of topology of how objects connect during runtime, a count of chunks of commented out code, how mane files a typical variable's usage is scattered over, I don't know... but surely now, a decade into the 21st Century, someone has attempted to define some sort of rot measure. It would be especially interesting to automate a series of svn checkouts, measure the "rottenosity" of each, and plot the decay over time.

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As a solo programmer, of what use can Gerrit be?

- by s.d

Disclaimer: I'm aware of the questions How do I review my own code? and What advantages do continuous integration tools offer on a solo project?. I do feel that this question aims at a different set of answers though, as it is about a specific software, and not about general musings about the use of this or that practice or tech stack. I'm a solo programmer for an Eclipse RCP-based project. To be able to control myself and the quality of my software, I'm in the process of setting up a CSI stack. In this, I follow the Eclipse Common Build Infrastructure guidelines, with the exception that I will use Jenkins rather than Hudson. Sticking to these guidelines will hopefully help me in getting used to the Eclipse way of doing things, and I hope to be able to contribute some code to Eclipse in the future. However, CBI includes Gerrit, a code review software. While I think it's really helpful for teams, and I will employ it as soon as the team grows to at least two developers, I'm wondering how I could use it while I'm still solo. Question: Is there a use case for Gerrit that takes into account solo developers? Notes: I can imagine reviewing code myself after a certain amount of time to gain a little distance to it. This does complicate the workflow though, as code will only be built once it's been passed through code review. This might prove to be a "trap" as I might be tempted to quickly push bad code through Gerrit just to get it built. I'm very interested in hearing how other solo devs have made use of Gerrit.

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