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• Three most critical programming concepts

  - by Todd

  I know this has probably been asked in one form or fashion but I wanted to pose it once again within the context of my situation (and probably others here @ SO). I made a career change to Software Engineering some time ago without having an undergrad or grad degree in CS. I've supplemented my undergrad and grad studies in business with programming courses (VB, Java,C, C#) but never performed academic coursework in the other related disciplines (algorithms, design patterns, discrete math, etc.)...just mostly self-study. I know there are several of you who have either performed interviews and/or made hiring decisions. Given recent trends in demand, what would you say are the three most essential Comp Sci concepts that a developer should have a solid grasp of outside of language syntax? For example, I've seen blog posts of the "Absolute minimum X that every programmer must know" variety...that's what I'm looking for. Again if it's truly a redundancy please feel free to close; my feelings won't be hurt. (Closest ones I could find were http://stackoverflow.com/questions/164048/basic-programming-algorithmic-concepts- which was geared towards a true beginner, and http://stackoverflow.com/questions/648595/essential-areas-of-knowledge-which I didn't feel was concrete enough). Thanks in advance all! T.

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• libarchive reads too many chars when extracting a file

  - by ojreadmore

  I've written a C program to extract files from a tar archive using libarchive. I'd like to extract a file from this archive and print it to standard output. But I get extra characters. It's garbage, but it's from another file (possibly adjacent to it in the archive.) I expect output to end at </html>. Here is the code that reads this tar file. libarchive 2.8.3 compiled on mac os X 10.6.3. gcc 4.2 x86_64 ls -l vendar-definition.html gives me 1921 for the file size. And so shows tar tfv 0000.tar | grep vendar-definition.html. So reports the C output that states the file size. To me this seems correct. Two possibilities I can see for why my output is not as expected: 1. I've made a beginner's mistake or 2. multibyte characters in the archive files has something to do with it.

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• sudo changes PATH - why?

  - by Michiel de Mare

  This is the PATH variable without sudo: $ echo 'echo $PATH' | sh /opt/local/ruby/bin:/usr/bin:/bin This is the PATH variable with sudo: $echo 'echo $PATH' | sudo sh /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin As far as I can tell, sudo is supposed to leave PATH untouched. What's going on? How do I change this? (This is on Ubuntu 8.04). UPDATE: as far as I can see, none of the scripts started as root change PATH in any way. From man sudo: To prevent command spoofing, sudo checks ``.'' and ``'' (both denoting current directory) last when searching for a command in the user's PATH (if one or both are in the PATH). Note, however, that the actual PATH environment variable is not modified and is passed unchanged to the program that sudo executes.

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• c++ struct size

  - by kiokko89

  struct CExample { int a; } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { CExample ce; CExample ce2; cout << "Size:" << sizeof(ce)<< " Address: "<< &ce<< endl; cout << "Size:" << sizeof(ce2)<< " Address: "<< &ce2 << endl; CExample ceArr[2]; cout << "Size:" << sizeof(ceArr[0])<< " Address: "<<&ceArr[0]<<endl; cout << "Size:" << sizeof(ceArr[1])<< " Address: "<<&ceArr[1]<<endl; return 0; } Excuse me I'm just a beginner but i'd like to know why with this code, there is a difference of 12 bytes between the addresses of the first two objects(ce and ce2) (i thought about data allignment), but there is only a difference of 4 bytes between the two objects in the array. Sorry for my bad English...

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• Are there good reasons not to use an ORM?

  - by hangy

  During my apprenticeship, I have used NHibernate for some smaller projects which I mostly coded and designed on my own. Now, before starting some bigger project, the discussion arose how to design data access and whether or not to use an ORM layer. As I am still in my apprenticeship and still consider myself a beginner in enterprise programming, I did not really try to push in my opinion, which is that using an object relational mapper to the database can ease development quite a lot. The other coders in the development team are much more experienced than me, so I think I will just do what they say. :-) However, I do not completely understand two of the main reasons for not using NHibernate or a similar project: One can just build one’s own data access objects with SQL queries and copy those queries out of Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio. Debugging an ORM can be hard. So, of course I could just build my data access layer with a lot of SELECTs etc, but here I miss the advantage of automatic joins, lazy-loading proxy classes and a lower maintenance effort if a table gets a new column or a column gets renamed. (Updating numerous SELECT, INSERT and UPDATE queries vs. updating the mapping config and possibly refactoring the business classes and DTOs.) Also, using NHibernate you can run into unforeseen problems if you do not know the framework very well. That could be, for example, trusting the Table.hbm.xml where you set a string’s length to be automatically validated. However, I can also imagine similar bugs in a “simple” SqlConnection query based data access layer. Finally, are those arguments mentioned above really a good reason not to utilise an ORM for a non-trivial database based enterprise application? Are there probably other arguments they/I might have missed? (I should probably add that I think this is like the first “big” .NET/C# based application which will require teamwork. Good practices, which are seen as pretty normal on Stack Overflow, such as unit testing or continuous integration, are non-existing here up to now.)

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• Is Python good for highload web projects?

  - by Vitali Fokin

  Hello! I decidet to start my own web project. It should be highload project, and I can't decide which technologies should I use. I'm good in ASP.NET MVC, but I like languages like Python more than C#. I read a lot about Python and Django/Pylons/etc but I didn't find any good examples of highload projects on python. So, the question is: Is Python good for highload project? Is it enough fast? And if it is, are python frameworks like django/pylons/etc good for this? Or asp.net mvc will be better choice? PS, I'm not interesting in Java, Ruby and PHP :) So, I'm choosing only between Python + django/pylons/etc and asp.net mvc. Thanks in advance. Please, don't make holywars :)

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• Which programming language is easiest to get a junior position in?

  - by markle976

  I do not have a CS degree but I have lots of intermediate experience with many languages (PHP, C#, Objective-C, Java, VBScript, Actionscript, Javascript, Ruby, etc), mostly freelance or pastime. I have a little experience with Linux (Ubuntu), and a decent bit with Windows. When I look at different languages I find that am interested in most (except maybe VB), but I am not sure what to focus on. So what would be the easiest language to get a job in? Java? PHP? Or would it be easier to get a job as a Junior DBA if I learned Oracle or SQL Server in my spare time?

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• Interview question: difference between object and object-oriented languages.

  - by Bar

  My friend was asked the following question: what's the difference between object language and object-oriented language? It's a little unintelligible question. What does term «object language» correspond to? Does that mean «pure» object-oriented language, like the Wikipedia article says: Languages called "pure" OO languages, because everything in them is treated consistently as an object, from primitives such as characters and punctuation, all the way up to whole classes, prototypes, blocks, modules, etc. They were designed specifically to facilitate, even enforce, OO methods. Examples: Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ruby, JADE, VB.NET.

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• How do I bind to a custom view in Cocoa using Xcode 4?

  - by Newt

  I'm a beginner when it comes to writing Mac apps and working with Cocoa, so please forgive my ignorance. I'm looking to create a custom view, that exposes some properties, which I can then bind to an NSObjectController. Since it's a custom view, the Bindings Inspector obviously doesn't list any of the properties I've added to the view that I can then bind to using Interface Builder. After turning to the Stackoverflow/Google for help, I've stumbled across a couple of possible solutions, but neither seem to be quite right for my situation. The first suggested creating an IBPlugin, which would then mean my bindings would be available in the Bindings Inspector. I could then bind the view to the controller using IB. Apparently IBPlugins aren't supported in Xcode 4, so that one's out the window. I'm also assuming (maybe wrongly) that IBPlugins are no longer supported because there's a better way of doing such things these days? The second option was to bind the controller to the view programmatically. I'm a bit confused as to exactly how I would achieve this. Would it require subclassing NSObjectController so I can add the calls to bind to the view? Would I need to add anything to the view to support this? Some examples I've seen say you'd need to override the bind method, and others say you don't. Also, I've noticed that some example custom views call [self exposeBinding:@"bindingName"] in the initializer. From what I gather from various sources, this is something that's related to IBPlugins and isn't something I need to do if I'm not using them. Is that correct? I've found a post on Stackoverflow here which seems to discuss something very similar to my problem, but there wasn't any clear winner as to the best answer. The last comment by noa on 12th Sept seems interesting, although they mention you should be calling exposeBinding:. Is this comment along the right track? Is the call to exposeBinding really necessary? Apologies for any dumb questions. Any help greatly appreciated.

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• ncurses - expect: sleep executes at wrong time

  - by rahul

  I have some ncurses apps that I need to automate to test repeatedly. I am placing the "sleep" command between "send" commands. However, what i see is that all the sleep's are executed in the beginning before the screen loads. expect concatenates the sends (I see that at the screen bottom during sleep) then issues them together. I have tried sending all keys with "send -s" or "send -h". That marginally helps. I've replaced "-f" on line 1 with "-b" - again a tiny difference. Why isn't "sleep" pausing at the right time. Incidentally, my programs have a getc() loop, so i can't use "expect" command. I tried that too. #!/usr/bin/expect -f spawn ruby testsplit.rb #expect set send_human {3 3 5 5 7} set send_slow {10 1} exp_send -s -- "--" exec sleep 3 send -s "+" send -s "=" sleep 1 send -h -- "-" send -h -- "-" sleep 1 send -h -- "v" interact

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• Would you hire a foreigner ? [closed]

  - by user229999

  Hi! I'd like to dedicate this question (hope it's not a subjective) especially to people who own their companies. Would you (and why) hire a foreigner, which experience is documented in CV and portfolio, which can communicate in english (with grammar mistakes, but still)? I am writing in the name of all these guys looking for great opportunities abroad, living in countries which do not give you any opportunities at all. Is it real, to be hired like a programmer (PHP, Ruby, Python, C#) in country like UK, USA, Nederland, Sweeden or even Germany, if you're a foreigner? Please response in two categories: a) foreigner with engineer degree, zend certificate, few open source projects b) foreigner without any degree, with nice portfolio, and few big projects created Also, does First Certificate in English aka FCE matter for you ?

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• Ideal timeout period for dns lookup

  - by railscoder

  In my rails app i do a nslookup using a ruby library resolv. If the site like dgdfgdfgdfg.com is entered its talking too long to resolve. in some instance like 20 sec.(mostly for non-existent sites) Because it cause the application to slowdown. So i though of introducing a timeout period for the dns lookup. What will be the ideal timeout period for the dns lookup so that resolution of actual site doesnt fail. will something like 10 sec will be fine?

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• How to make CSS/HTML prototyping faster for engineers without strong CSS skills?

  - by rdeshpande

  I've been developing Ruby on Rails applications for some time, and have often found help to develop generate the templates of HTML with accompanying CSS. However, I'd like to make an attempt at doing this myself. Initial experiments leave me feeling like my process is really slow. I'm writing all my Rails code in VIM, which, with accompanying aliases to run the test suite, is pretty fast for me. However, the back-and-forth between browser/VIM to see new changes seems cumbersome - I'm guessing finding an editor with an embedded browser that constantly sees new changes is ideal for this (any suggestions?) So far I've experimented with Blueprint, which at the onset seems like it will save me a ton of time. However, what other tools have helped you do the PSD-HTML/CSS conversion as fast as you can?

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• Good File Organization Suggestions for Developer

  - by Paul

  I am struggling a little with folder organization to organize the many projects that I work on. I work on OS X - right now I am using ~/Development/ as the root folder, and I have many types of projects. For example, I have my iPhone apps under ~/Development/Xcode I develop in many languages, from PHP, to Ruby, to Python, to Objective-C. So, for example, I might have a couple of open-source apps based on PHP where I am using the Zend framework. Some of these projects are for clients, others are tests/experiments when learning a new language or general experimenting. I am really interested in how other developers have organized code/projects and could pass along some advice to make it very easy to navigate through code/projects related to many languages and types of projects.

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• Create an seo and web accessibility analyzer

  - by rebellion

  I'm thinking of making a little web tool for analyzing the search engine optimization and web accessiblity of a whole website. First of all, this is just a private tool for now. Crawling a whole website takes up alot of resources and time. I've found out that wget is the best option for downloading the markup for a whole site. I plan on using PHP/MySQL (maybe even CodeIgniter), but I'm not quite sure if that's the right way to do it. There's always someone who recommends Python, Ruby or Perl. I only know PHP and a little bit Rails. I've also found a great HTML DOM parser class in PHP on SourceForge. But, the thing is, I need some feedback on what I should and should not do. Everything from how I should make the crawl process to what I should be checking for in regards to SEO and WCAG. So, what comes to your mind when you hear this?

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• Developing and deploying games for Windows, Mac (& Linux)

  - by nornagon

  I want to write games that run on all the major platforms. I also want people to be able to play them by downloading a file and double clicking it. That means a single .exe/.app file. I'm happy to use OpenGL directly for graphics. What I don't know how to do is show a window, handle mouse/keyboard input and play sounds in a cross-platform manner. I don't really mind what the underlying language is, as long as it isn't C++ or Java. C#, Ruby or Python would be preferable, in that order :) Please, SO, save me from having to write Flash games!

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• How to write custom SQLite functions in Javascript inside a Webkit browser?

  - by Jay Godse

  I have just learned how to use the SQLite database for local storage in a Webkit web browser (e.g. Google Chrome or Apple Safari) using the Javascript API. For example the "Sticky Notes" application. However, I know that SQLite has a function called sqlite_create_function() that lets you add custom functions to your instance of SQLite on the fly which can then be used inside SQL queries. This function is described at sqlite.org. I also know that you can call an equivalent of this API in Ruby as described here. QUESTION: Can anybody show me how to do this in Javascript - i.e. write a custom function in Javascript that can be bound into the SQLite database at run time to be called by the SQLite engine, and all inside a Webkit browser?

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• Prestashop - quick development questions

  - by Stefan Konno

  Sorry to post here about this but no one at the prestashop forum seems active enough to help. I thought maybe someone here on stackoverflow might have worked with prestashop. I started using Prestashop yesterday so I’m a total beginner, but I’m very experienced in web development, I do have some quick questions though. I’ve googled around but it causes me great frustration since I don’t really know what I’m looking for or what’s avaiable. Is there absolutely no API for this? I mean I found the wiki but it holds no good information. I want to edit my theme completely, as I wish. Edit html, add/remove js, just being able to do what I want, but when I edit the tpl files in my active theme, NOTHING happens. The site remains exactly the same. Why is this, or where do I change it without hacking the core? Do I have to recompile these .tpl files in some way for the changes to take affect? I also want to edit alot of the modules to match my demands, but same here, if I edit their tpl files nothing seems to happen or rather I don’t want to hack the core, since I suppose these will be affected if I update the platform. Where do I find my products page, I want to create a menu with a link to a page called products or something with an overview of the products avaiable in my store. I’m very confused, but I guess you just have to get through this, I’m used to developing in wordpress or without any cms for that matter. Sorry if my questions are very basic and probably have been answered before. :<

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• How to filter txt file by string with using batch

  - by Antediluvian

  Hello guys I know this kind of problem will be very easy for you but I am total beginner in batch mode. The question is how bat file code should look like to generate a new txt file from specific one . for example . I have report txt Displaying status for license file: 7788@Server01 License Server: server01 License In Use Free ------- ------ ---- Design* 1 6 (user1@host1) 127 server01 7788 4402 Assembly* 0 4 Pro 0 15 AdvSE 2 3 (user2@host2) AdvSE server01 7788 2706 (user3@host3) AdvSE server01 7788 1503 SingleSite_License 1 3 (user4@host4) SingleSite_License server01 7788 2003 Intra_CLIENT_License 1 4 (user2@host2) Intra_CLIENT_License server01 7788 2003 CAD 1 32 ^(user2@host2) CAD server01 7788 501 * = License Extensions - Available only on startup. ^ = Borrowed License. Press any key to continue . . . What I want to have in new file from this one are only lines : SingleSite_License 3 Intra_CLIENT_License 9 but both SingleSite_License and Intra_Client_License should be taken from 1st found string -other are not necessary. report txt can be different and licenses can be showed in different order . if it not possible - other solution can be just only Free value will be written in new txt file - f.e 3 and 9 . so the last string in line which contains specific words thank you for any tips

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• How are python pages coded and what can the language be compared to? [closed]

  - by avon_verma

  I have a few questions about python I've seen many pages like these on Google http://mail.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=6583 https://www.google.com/adsense/support/bin/topic.py?topic=13488 ...that have .py extensions. 1: Are pages like these built on pure python code, but printing out html like print "<div etc..." or like the typical asp,jsp,php type of pages with html pages and embedded python code like: <html> <% some python code %> </html> 2: What is python mainly used for making? windows apps or web or .. ? 3: Are ruby and perl also similar to python?

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• How I Can do web programming with Lisp or Scheme?

  - by Castro

  I usually write web apps in PHP, Ruby or Perl. I am starting the study of Scheme and I want to try some web project with this language. But I can't find what is the best environment for this. I am looking for the following features: A simple way of get the request parameters (something like: get-get #key, get-post #key, get-cookie #key). Mysql access. HTML Form generators, processing, validators, etc. Helpers for filter user input data (something like htmlentities, escape variables for put in queries, etc). FLOSS. And GNU/Linux friendly. So, thanks in advance to all replies.

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• Is there programming language with better approach for switch's break statements ?

  - by Vitaly Polonetsky

  It's the same syntax in a way too many languages: switch (someValue) { case OPTION_ONE: case OPTION_LIKE_ONE: case OPTION_ONE_SIMILAR: doSomeStuff1(); break; // EXIT the switch case OPTION_TWO_WITH_PRE_ACTION: doPreActionStuff2(); // the default is to CONTINUE to next case case OPTION_TWO: doSomeStuff2(); break; // EXIT the switch case OPTION_THREE: doSomeStuff3(); break; // EXIT the switch } Now all you know that break statements are required, because the switch will continue to the next case when break statement is missing. We have an example of that with OPTION_LIKE_ONE, OPTION_ONE_SIMILAR and OPTION_TWO_WITH_PRE_ACTION. The problem is that we only need this "skip to next case" very very very rarely. And very often we put break at the end of case. It very easy for a beginner to forget about it. And one of my C teachers even explained it to us as if it was a bug in C language (don't want to talk about it :) I would like to ask if there are any other languages that I don't know of (or forgot about) that handle switch/case like this: switch (someValue) { case OPTION_ONE: continue; // CONTINUE to next case case OPTION_LIKE_ONE: continue; // CONTINUE to next case case OPTION_ONE_SIMILAR: doSomeStuff1(); // the default is to EXIT the switch case OPTION_TWO_WITH_PRE_ACTION: doPreActionStuff2(); continue; // CONTINUE to next case case OPTION_TWO: doSomeStuff2(); // the default is to EXIT the switch case OPTION_THREE: doSomeStuff3(); // the default is to EXIT the switch } The second question: is there any historical meaning to why it is like this in C? May be continue to next case was used far more often than we use it these days ?

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• Problem with reading and writing to binary file in C++

  - by Reem

  I need to make a file that contains "name" which is a string -array of char- and "data" which is array of bytes -array of char in C++- but the first problem I faced is how to separate the "name" from the "data"? newline character could work in this case (assuming that I don't have "\n" in the name) but I could have special characters in the "data" part so there's no way to know when it ends so I'm putting an int value in the file before the data which has the size of the "data"! I tried to do this with code as follow: if((fp = fopen("file.bin","wb")) == NULL) { return false; } char buffer[] = "first data\n"; fwrite( buffer ,1,sizeof(buffer),fp ); int number[1]; number[0]=10; fwrite( number ,1,1, fp ); char data[] = "1234567890"; fwrite( data , 1, number[0], fp ); fclose(fp); but I didn't know if the "int" part was right, so I tried many other codes including this one: char buffer[] = "first data\n"; fwrite( buffer ,1,sizeof(buffer),fp ); int size=10; fwrite( &size ,sizeof size,1, fp ); char data[] = "1234567890"; fwrite( data , 1, number[0], fp ); I see 4 "NULL" characters in the file when I open it instead of seeing an integer. Is that normal? The other problem I'm facing is reading that again from the file! The code I tried to read didn't work at all :( I tried it with "fread" but I'm not sure if I should use "fseek" with it or it just read the other character after it. Forgive me but I'm a beginner :(

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• Getting started with C++ ( the paradigm shift from Python )

  - by orokusaki

  I want to learn C++ so that i can develop C++ Python modules for server-related stuff. I'm a purely dynamic languages developer (Python, PHP, Ruby, etc). I want to learn a fast language, and if I'm going to do this, I'd rather learn a really fast language like C++. Before I even get started though, I understand that suddenly working with static types, a different syntax, and compiling code will be quite the paradigm shift. Is there any advice that a C++ dev who also has dynamic languages experience can give me to me to help me make that shift faster?

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• Is there a better way to minimize this C# event repetition?

  - by Damien Wildfire

  I have a lot of code like this: public class Microwave { private EventHandler<EventArgs> _doorClosed; public event EventHandler<EventArgs> DoorClosed { add { lock (this) _doorClosed += value; } remove { lock (this) _doorClosed -= value; } } private EventHandler<EventArgs> _lightbulbOn; public event EventHandler<EventArgs> LightbulbOn { add { lock (this) _lightbulbOn += value; } remove { lock (this) _lightbulbOn -= value; } } // ... } You can see that much of this is boilerplate. In Ruby I'd be able to do something like this: class Microwave has_events :door_closed, :lightbulb_on, ... end Is there a similar shorter way of removing this boilerplate in C#?

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