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• How much RAM used by Python dict or list?

  - by Who8MyLunch

  My problem: I am writing a simple Python tool to help me visualize my data as a function of many parameters. Each change in parameters involves a non-trivial amount of time, so I would like to cache each step's resulting imagery and supporting data in a dictionary. But then I worry that this dictionary could grow too large over time. Most of my data is in the form of Numpy arrays. My question: How would one go about computing the total number of bytes used by a Python dictionary. The dictionary itself may contain lists and other dictionaries, each of which contain data stored in Numpy arrays. Ideas?

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• Why does the assignment operator return a value and not a reference?

  - by Nick Lowman

  I saw the example below explained on this site and thought both answers would be 20 and not the 10 that is returned. He wrote that both the comma and assignment returns a value, not a reference. I don't quite understand what that means. I understand it in relation to passing variables into functions or methods i.e primitive types are passed in by value and objects by reference but I'm not sure how it applies in this case. I also understand about context and the value of 'this' (after help from stackoverflow) but I thought in both cases I would still be invoking it as a method, foo.bar() which would mean foo is the context but it seems both result in a function call bar(). Why is that and what does it all mean? var x = 10; var foo = { x: 20, bar: function () {return this.x;} }; (foo.bar = foo.bar)();//returns 10 (foo.bar, foo.bar)();//returns 10

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• One-to-many relationship related to many tables

  - by Andrey

  I have a scenario where: there are two (or more) tables that represent independent items. lets say Users and Companies Both of these tables need addresses stored. Each one can have one or more address In a normal 1 to many scenario Addresses table woudl just have a UserId or a CompanyId creating a normal 1 to many relationship. In this case i have a few approaches i can think of the Addresses table could have both a UserId and a CompanyId and only one would be used for each record. 2 keys could be used ObjectId and ObjectType So Object id would have a UserId or a CompanyId, and ObjectType woudl be User or Company Create an ObjectTable and add ObjectId to Users and Companies. Addresses would then have an OjbectId I do not really like any of these solutions. i am wondering what is the best approach here. On another note i will most likely user linqtosql for my data access layer.

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• How to keep the first result of a function from Prolog?

  - by zuhakasa

  I need to write a customized function that will be called many times by other fixed functions. In this function, at the first called time, it will return the total number of lines of a file. The second called time of this function, forward, will return the number of lines in small sections of this file. My question is how I keep the first returned result(total number of lines of a file) and use it for the next called times of my function. I need to write or declare any thing only in this function(not in the caller). Something like this: myFunction(Input, MyResult, FirstResult) :- calculateInputFunction(Input, Result), !, MyResult is Result, ... . The problem is, every time myFunction is called, it receives different Input and returns different MyResult. But I would like to keep the first MyResult to use for next called times of myFunction. How can I do that? Thanks very much for your answer in advance.

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• c++ compilation error

  - by clamp

  hello, i got a compile error which i do not understand. i have a h/cpp file combination that does not contain a class but just defines some utility functions. when i try to use a struct that is defined in another class i get the error: error C2027: use of undefined type so, stripped down to the problem, the h file looks like this namespace A { void foo(B::C::SStruct const & Var); } the definition of SStruct is in a class which is in another h-file, that is of course included. namespace B { Class C { struct SStruct { }; } } what am i missing here? thanks!

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• undefined reference to "func" when complied with GCC

  - by hotlemontea

  I implement a link list in two files in linklist.h and linklist.c, and I call some functions defined in linklist.h in main function of main.c. linklist.h is included in both linklist.c and main.c. When I compile this program by GCC with Makefile, the error named "undefined reference to xxx" occurs. I think my Makefile is written correctly as below. So what is the possible reason for this linking error CC=gcc CFLAGS= -g -O2 TARGET=target OBJECTS=main.o linklist.o TARGET: $(OBJECTS) $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(OBJECTS) -o $(TARGET) clean: rm target $(OBJECTS) main.o:linklist.h linklist.o:linklist.h

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• Change notification in CouchDB when a field is set

  - by PartlyCloudy

  Hi, I'm trying to get notifications in a CouchDB change poll as soon as pre-defined field is set or changed. I've already had a look at filters that can be used for filtering change events(db/_changes?filter=myfilter). However, I've not yet found a way to include this temporal information, because you can only get the current version of the document in this filter functions. Is there any possibility to create such a filter? If it does not work, I could export my field to a separate database and the only poll for changes in that db, but I'd prefer to keep together my data for obvious reasons. Thanks in advance!

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• HOw do I delete record in a table by keeping certain datas??

  - by mathew

  my site has lots of incoming searches which is stored in a database to show recent queries into my website. due to high search queries my database is getting bigger in size. so what I want is I need to keep only recent queries in database say 10 records. this keeps my database small and queries will be faster. I am able to store incoming queries to database but don't know how to restrict or delete excess/old data from table. any help?? well I am using PHP and MySQL

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• OpenGL ES perspective projection

  - by TimeManx

  I'm having a hard time understanding how glFrustum & gluPerspective work. I understand the concept of perspective projection but the functions aren't behaving how I expect them to. For example, if I set the frustum this way glFrustumf(0, 10, 0, 10, 1, 100) and have a rectangle at points 0, 0, 1, 0, 10, 1, 10, 10, 1, 10, 0, 1 then the rectangle is drawn with its left edge at -5 & right edge at 5, so the left half of the rectangle isn't visible. And if x is translated, I'd expect y to be too. But that doesn't happen either. In whatever examples I've seen, the coordinates for the projection matrix are taken as glFrustumf(-10, 10, -10, 10, 1, 100) but either way, whatever part is shown should be dependent on the rectangle's coordinates, right?

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• Exception handling pattern

  - by treefrog

  It is a common pattern I see where the error codes associated with an exception are stored as Static final ints. when the exception is created to be thrown, it is constructed with one of these codes along with an error message. This results in the method that is going to catch it having to look at the code and then decide on a course of action. The alternative seems to be- declare a class for EVERY exception error case Is there a middle ground ? what is the recommended method ?

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• is there a limit of merge tables with Mysql ?

  - by sysko

  I'm working on a database with mysql 5.0 for an open source project it's used to stored sentences in specific languages and their translations in other languages I used to have a big table "sentences" and "sentences_translations" (use to join sentences to sentences) table but has we have now near one million entries, this begin to be a bit slow, moreover, most of request are made using a "where lang =" so I've decided to create a table by language sentences_LANGUAGECODE and sentences_translation_LANGSOURCE_LANGTARGET and to create merge table like this sentences_ENG_OTHERS which merge sentences_ENG_ARA sentences_ENG_DEU etc... when we want to have the translations in all languages of an english sentence sentences_OTHERS_ENG when we want to have only the english translations of some sentences I've created a script to create all these tables (they're around 31 languages so more than 60 merge table), I've tested, that works really great a request which use to take 160ms now take only 30 :) but I discover that all my merge table after the 15th use to have "NULL" as type of storage engine instead of MRG_MYISAM, and if delete one, then I can create an others, using FLUSH table between each creation also allow me to create more merge tables so is this a limitation from mysql ? can we override it ? thanks for your answers

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• Emacs and Long Shell Commands

  - by darrint

  Is there a way to run a shell command, have the output show up in a new buffer and have that output show up incrementally? Eshell and other emacs terminal emulators do a find job of this but I see no way to script them. What I'd like to do is write little elisp functions to do stuff like run unit tests, etc. and watch the output trickle into a buffer. The elisp function shell-command is close to what I want but it shows all the output at once when the process finishes.

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• How to know if the website being scraped has changed?

  - by Lost_in_code

  I'm using PHP to scrape a website and collect some data. It's all done without using regex. I'm using php's explode() method to find particular HTML tags instead. It is possible that if the structure of the website changes (CSS, HTML), then wrong data may be collected by the scraper. So the question is - how do I know if the HTML structure has changed? How to identify this before storing any data to my database to avoid wrong data being stored.

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• Should I convert data arrays to objects in PHP in a CouchDB/Ajax app?

  - by karlthorwald

  I find myself converting between array and object all the time in PHP application that uses couchDB and Ajax. Of course I am also converting objects to JSON and back (for sometimes couchdb but mostly Ajax), but this is not so much disturbing my workflow. At the present I have php objects that are returned by the CouchDB modules I use and on the other hand I have the old habbit to return arrays like array("error"="not found","data"=$dataObj) from my functions. This leads to a mixed occurence of real php objects and nested arrays and I cast with (object) or (array) if necessary. The worst thing is that I know more or less by heart what a function returns, but not what type (array or object), so I often run into type errors. My plan is now to always cast arrays to objects before returning from a function. Of course this implies a lot of refactoring. Is this the right way to go? What about the conversion overhead? Other ideas or tips?

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• What is the smallest Windows header I can #include to define DWORD?

  - by j_random_hacker

  I have a small header file of my own which declares a couple of functions, one of which has a return type of DWORD. I'm reluctant to drag in windows.h just to get the official definition of this type since that file is huge, and my header will be used in a number of source modules that don't otherwise need it. Of course, in practice I know that DWORD is just unsigned int, but I'd prefer the more hygienic approach of including an official header file if possible. On this page it says that DWORD is defined in windef.h, but unfortunately including just this small file directly leads to compilation errors -- apparently it expects to be included by other headers. (Also, the fact that my file is a header file also means I can't just declare WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN, since the source file that #includes my file might need this to be left undefined.) Any ideas? I know it's not the end of the world -- I can just continue to #include <windows.h> -- but thought someone might have a better idea!

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• How to change the value of progressbar in C#?

  - by shekhar

  Hi, I want to add an progress bar into my C# based application. I would like to know what is the good way of updating its value at particular events? My problem is, I have single function in UI which does all the processing.This function in turn calls many more functions, creates objects, updates database, etc. (basically performs all the work) and returns values in an output file. I have access to that function only. So in this how to update the progressbar's value at the end of each step? What is the best practice for this kind of situation? What is the good way to keep UI logic and business logic seperate? I want to avoid writting progressbar related code in my library code. Please suggest some solution. Thanks and Regards,

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• Function to set an auth_token

  - by john mossel

  In my form I have a hidden field: <input type="hidden" name="auth_token" value="<?php echo $auth_token; ?>"> This value is also stored in a session and a variable: $_SESSION['auth_token'] = hash('sha256', rand() . time() . $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']); # TODO: put this in a function $auth_token = $_SESSION['auth_token']; When the form is submitted the two values are compared. It's a basic form token. Should this be made into two functions or just one when refactored? set_form_token() and get_form_token(), get_form_token() returning the session value, then I can compare it in my main code. What is the proper way of doing this?

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• Add a custom class name to Wordpress body tag?

  - by Scott B

  I'd like to place a directive in my theme's functions.php file which appends a classname to the wordpress body tag. Is there a built-in API method for this? For example, my body tag code is... <body <?php if(function_exists("body_class") && !is_404()){body_class();} else echo 'class="page default"'?>> And it results in the following being written to the body tag (depending on the context in which the page is presented (page, post, logged-in, etc) <body class="home blog logged-in"> Depending on the child theme I'm using at the time, I want it to be... <body class="home blog logged-in mychildthemename">

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• C: theory on how to extract files from an archived file

  - by donok

  In C I have created a program which can archive multiple files into an archive file via the command line. e.g. $echo 'file1/2' > file1/2.txt $./archive file1.txt file2.txt arhivedfile $cat archivedfile file1 file2 How do I create a process so that in my archivedfile I have: header file1 end header file2 end They are all stored in the archive file one after another after another. I know that perhaps a header file is needed(containing filename, size of filename, start and end of file) for extracting these files back out into their original form, but how would I go about doing this. I am stuck on where and how to start. Please could someone help me on some logic as to how to approach extracting files back out of an archived file.

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• how to use replace_regex_copy() from boost::algorithm library?

  - by Vincenzo

  This is my code: #include <string> #include <boost/algorithm/string/regex.hpp> string f(const string& s) { using namespace boost::algorithm; return replace_regex_copy(s, "\\w", "?"); } This is what compiler says: no matching function for call to ‘replace_regex_copy(const std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&, std::string, std::string) The link to the library: http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_43_0/doc/html/boost/algorithm/replace_regex_copy.html Could anyone please help? Thanks! ps. Boost library is in place, since other functions from it work fine.

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• PHP: Remove blank line before text

  - by Bailey

  Occasionally, my email-to-support-ticket system catches an extra line break before the message itself, thus my messages look like this: " Hello. I have been wondering if y..." What can I use to get rid of that line before the text? It is on random occasion due to email providers and the way they format their emails using mime. I have already tried the trim functions but no luck. (Yes, I also tried ltrim) Once processed it should look like: "Hello. I have been wondering if y..."

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• What is the precedence of characters when sorting in MySQL, PHP, or just in general?

  - by FireCoding

  Question: Where can I find the precedence of characters when sorting in MySQL, PHP, or just in general on Linux and Windows OS? For example, everybody knows that a comes before b when performing an ascending sort on a string in MySQL. But what about other characters? Does the dollar-sign $ come before asterisk * ? Does a space come before an exclamation-mark? etc... What dictates the sort order? Does it use underlying ascii / UTF-8 values? Is it different for different technologies? Technologies to consider: Databases - MySQL / SQL / SQLite / Oracle / etc Programming languages (for string-sorting functions) - PHP / Javascript / ASP.NET / Visual C# / Python / Ruby / Objective C OS (i.e., sorting files by filename) - Windows / Linux / MacOS / iOS / Android

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• How should I use try...except while defining a function?

  - by SpawnCxy

  Hi all, I find I've been confused by the problem that when I needn't to use try..except.For last few days it was used in almost every function I defined which I think maybe a bad practice.For example: class mongodb(object): def getRecords(self,tname,conditions=''): try: col = eval("self.db.%s" %tname) recs = col.find(condition) return recs except Exception,e: #here make some error log with e.message What I thought is ,exceptions may be raised everywhere and I have to use try to get them. And my question is,is it a good practice to use it everywhere when defining functions?If not are there any principles for it?Help would be appreciated! Regards

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• 32/64 Bit Question

  - by user48408

  Here's my question. What is the best way to determine what bit architecture your app is running on? What I am looking to do: On a 64 bit server I want my app to read 64 bit datasources (stored in reg key Software\Wow6432Node\ODBC\ODBC.INI\ODBC Data Sources) and if its 32 bit I want to read 32 bit datasources, (i.e. Read from Software\ODBC\ODBC.INI\ODBC Data Sources). I might be missing the point, but I don't want to care what mode my app is running in. I simply want to know if the OS is 32 or 64 bit. [System.Environment.OSVersion.Platform doesn't seem to be cutting it for me. Its returning Win32NT on my local xp machine and on a win2k8 64 bit server (even when all my projects are set to target 'any cpu')]

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• is there a flag "M_FAST" in FreeBSD kernel for Malloc Call ?

  - by KaluSingh Gabbar

  if you know there is one, can you let me know what its for ? if not please say so : ) thanks. Signature : void * malloc(unsigned long size, struct malloc_type type, int flags); for example. other flags are... M_ZERO Causes the allocated memory to be set to all zeros. M_WAITOK Indicates that it is OK to wait for resources. If the request cannot be immediately fulfilled, the current process is put to sleep to wait for resources to be released by other processes. The malloc(), realloc(), and reallocf() functions cannot return NULL if M_WAITOK is specified.** This is the root of my confusion EDIT: The clarification for M_FAST is made in my answer below.

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