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  • How do I test if a variable is a number in bash?

    - by Flávio Amieiro
    I just can't figure out how do I make sure an argument passed to my script is a number or not. All I want to do is something like this: test *isnumber* $1 && VAR=$1 || echo "need a number" Any help? UPDATE: I managed (whit Charles' help) to do it, but I'm not yet sure it's the best way to do that (even though it worked on my tests). This is how it ended up: [[ $1 =~ "^[0-9]+$" ]] && echo "numero" && exit 0 || echo "nao numero" && exit 1

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  • Other users on my Server?

    - by Jennifer Weinberg
    I'm buying a Server from a person (that I don't know really well) and I want to make sure that the previous owner hasn't got any access anymore. It's an Ubuntu Virtual Server and I already received the admin access (via shell). How can I find out if there are still other accounts left, who are still able to access my server (e.g. with a still existing shell account, ftp or another type of user account)? And how can I delete them if these accounts exist? Best regards, Jennifer

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  • bash command history update before execution of command

    - by Jon
    Hi, Bash's command history is great, especially it is useful when adding the history -a command to the COMMAND_PROMPT. However, I'm wondering if there is a way to log the commands to a file as soon as the Return key is pressed, e.g. before starting the command and not on completion of the command (using the COMMAND_PROMPT option would save the command once the prompt is there again). I read about auditing programs like snoopy and session recorder like script but I thought they're already too complex for the simple question I have. I guess that deactivating that script logs all the output of the command would lead already in the right direction but isn't there a quicker way to solve that probelm? Thanks, Jon

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  • How can I prevent default_environment variables from getting set by Capistrano's sudo action?

    - by Logan Koester
    My deploy.rb sets some environment variables to use the regular user's local Ruby rather than the system-wide one. set :default_environment, { :PATH => '/home/myapp/.rvm/bin:/home/myapp/.rvm/bin:/home/myapp/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.1-p378/bin:/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378/bin:/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378%global/bin:/home/myapp/bin:/usr/bin:/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games', :RUBY_VERSION => 'ruby-1.9.1-p378', :GEM_HOME => '/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378', :GEM_PATH => '/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378:/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378%global' } Naturally, when a task is using sudo, I would expect the system-wide ruby to be used instead. But it seems the environment variables are being set anyway, which is obviously invalid for the root user and returns an error: executing "sudo -p 'sudo password: ' /etc/init.d/god stop" servers: ["myapp.com"] [myapp.com] executing command command finished failed: "env PATH=/home/myapp/.rvm/bin:/home/myapp/.rvm/bin:/home/myapp/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.1-p378/bin:/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378/bin:/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378%global/bin:/home/myapp/bin:/usr/bin:/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games RUBY_VERSION=ruby-1.9.1-p378 GEM_HOME=/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378 GEM_PATH=/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378:/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378%global sh -c 'sudo -p '\\''sudo password: '\\'' /etc/init.d/god stop'" on myapp.com It makes no difference whether I use capistrano's sudo "system call" or the regular run "sudo system call". How can I avoid this?

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  • HOW-TO Make computer sing

    - by Ofir
    Hi, I'm trying to develop an online application where the user writes some text and the software sings it back to the user. I can currently generate the audio file with the words spoken by the computer using espeak, but I have no idea how to make it sound like a song, how to add rhythm to it. I'm able to change the pitch and tempo using rubberband, but that's as far as I've gotten. Does anyone have a clue how to make this happen?

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  • Looking for regex to extract email addresses from /etc/passwd

    - by Brent
    Most of my users have email addresses associated with their profile in /etc/passwd. They are always in the 5th field, which I can grab, but they appear at different places within a comma-separated list in the 5th field. Can somebody give me a regex to grab just the email address (delimeted by commas) from a line in this file? (I will be using grep and sed from a bash script) Sample lines from file: user1:x:1147:5005:User One,Department,,,[email protected]:/home/directory:/bin/bash user2:x:1148:5002:User Two,Department2,[email protected],:/home/directory:/bin/bash

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  • segfault on vector<struct>

    - by Andre
    Hello, I created a struct to hold some data and then declared a vector to hold that struct. But when I do a push_back I get damn segfault and I have no idea why! My struct is defines as: typedef struct Group { int codigo; string name; int deleted; int printers; int subpage; /*included this when it started segfaulting*/ Group(){ name.reserve(MAX_PRODUCT_LONG_NAME); } ~Group(){ name.clear(); } Group(const Group &b) { codigo = b.codigo; name = b.name; deleted = b.deleted; printers = b.printers; subpage = b.subpage; } /*end of new stuff*/ }; Originally, the struct didn't have the copy, constructor or destructor. I added them latter when I read this post below. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/676575/seg-fault-after-is-item-pushed-onto-stl-container but the end result is the same. There is one this that is bothering me as hell! When I first push some data into the vector, everything goes fine. Later on in the code when I try to push some more data into the vector, my app just segfaults! The vector is declared vector<Group> Groups and is a global variable to the file where I am using it. No externs anywhere else, etc... I can trace the error to: _M_deallocate(this->_M_impl._M_start, this->_M_impl._M_end_of_storage- this->_M_impl._M_start); in vector.tcc when I finish adding/copying the last element to the vector.... As far as I can tell. I shouldn't be needing anything to do with a copy constructor as a shallow copy should be enough for this. I'm not even allocating any space (but I did a reserve for the string to try out). I have no idea what the problem is! I'm running this code on OpenSuse 10.2 with gcc 4.1.2 I'm not really to eager to upgrade gcc because of backward compatibility issues... This code worked "perfectly" on my windows machine. I compiled it with gcc 3.4.5 mingw without any problems... help! --- ... --- :::EDIT::: I push data Group tmp_grp; (...) tmp_grp.name = "Nova "; tmp_grp.codigo=GetGroupnextcode(); tmp_grp.deleted=0; tmp_grp.printers=0; tmp_grp.subpage=0; Groups.push_back(tmp_grp);

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  • Validate xml against xsd using c++

    - by manu
    Hi , i am very new to xml and c++. i want to validate xml against xsd using c++ api.can any one gimme any tutorial link? or sample program.i don want to do using msxml as its works in windows and visual studio. i tried to use xerces and libxml but i have failed.now i am trying using tinyxml. please help me to validate xml against xml schema using c++(not vc++,should work in cross platform) regards, manu

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  • Too many open files in one of my java routine.

    - by Irfan Zulfiqar
    I have a multithreaded code that has to generated a set of objects and write them to a file. When I run it I sometime get "Too many open files" message in Exception. I have checked the code to make sure that all the file streams are being closed properly. Here is the stack trace. When I do ulimit -a, open files allowed is set to 1024. We think increasing this number is not a viable option / solution. [java] java.io.FileNotFoundException: /export/event_1_0.dtd (Too many open files) [java] at java.io.FileInputStream.open(Native Method) [java] at java.io.FileInputStream.<init>(FileInputStream.java:106) [java] at java.io.FileInputStream.<init>(FileInputStream.java:66) [java] at sun.net.www.protocol.file.FileURLConnection.connect(FileURLConnection.java:70) [java] at sun.net.www.protocol.file.FileURLConnection.getInputStream(FileURLConnection.java:161) [java] at java.net.URL.openStream(URL.java:1010) Now what we have identified so far by looking closely at the list of open files is that the VM is opening same class file multiple times. /export/BaseEvent.class 236 /export/EventType1BaseEvent.class 60 /export/EventType2BaseEvent.class 48 /export/EventType2.class 30 /export/EventType1.class 14 Where BaseEvent is partent of all the classes and EventType1 ant EventType2 inherits EventType1BaseEvent and EventType2BaseEvent respectively. Why would a class loader load the same class file 200+ times. It seems it is opening up the base class as many time it create any child instance. Is this normal? Can it be handler any other way apart from increasing the number of open files?

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  • Valgrind 'noise', what does it mean?

    - by Chris Huang-Leaver
    When I used valgrind to help debug an app I was working on I notice a huge about of noise which seems to be complaining about standard libraries. As a test I did this; echo 'int main() {return 0;}' | gcc -x c -o test - Then I did this; valgrind ./test ==1096== Use of uninitialised value of size 8 ==1096== at 0x400A202: _dl_new_object (in /lib64/ld-2.10.1.so) ==1096== by 0x400607F: _dl_map_object_from_fd (in /lib64/ld-2.10.1.so) ==1096== by 0x4007A2C: _dl_map_object (in /lib64/ld-2.10.1.so) ==1096== by 0x400199A: map_doit (in /lib64/ld-2.10.1.so) ==1096== by 0x400D495: _dl_catch_error (in /lib64/ld-2.10.1.so) ==1096== by 0x400189E: do_preload (in /lib64/ld-2.10.1.so) ==1096== by 0x4003CCD: dl_main (in /lib64/ld-2.10.1.so) ==1096== by 0x401404B: _dl_sysdep_start (in /lib64/ld-2.10.1.so) ==1096== by 0x4001471: _dl_start (in /lib64/ld-2.10.1.so) ==1096== by 0x4000BA7: (within /lib64/ld-2.10.1.so) * large block of similar snipped * ==1096== Use of uninitialised value of size 8 ==1096== at 0x4F35FDD: (within /lib64/libc-2.10.1.so) ==1096== by 0x4F35B11: (within /lib64/libc-2.10.1.so) ==1096== by 0x4A1E61C: _vgnU_freeres (vg_preloaded.c:60) ==1096== by 0x4E5F2E4: __run_exit_handlers (in /lib64/libc-2.10.1.so) ==1096== by 0x4E5F354: exit (in /lib64/libc-2.10.1.so) ==1096== by 0x4E48A2C: (below main) (in /lib64/libc-2.10.1.so) ==1096== ==1096== ERROR SUMMARY: 3819 errors from 298 contexts (suppressed: 876 from 4) ==1096== malloc/free: in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks. ==1096== malloc/free: 0 allocs, 0 frees, 0 bytes allocated. ==1096== For counts of detected errors, rerun with: -v ==1096== Use --track-origins=yes to see where uninitialised values come from ==1096== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible. You can see the full result here: http://pastebin.com/gcTN8xGp I have two questions; firstly is there a way to suppress all the noise? --show-below-main is set to no by default, but there doesn't appear to be a --show-after-main equivalent.

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  • What is "Memory Page out Rate"

    - by Tuxist
    Could somebody please tell me what is "Memory Page Out Rate". I have seen this in "HP Open View" server monitoring tool and tried googling it. Would appreciate if some expert can clarify. If page out rate is too high as 200+ per second, can it crash the server? Thanks in advance

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  • pthread and recursively calling execvp in C

    - by eduke
    To begin I'm sorry for my english :) I looking for a way to create a thread each time my program finds a directory, in order to call the program itself but with a new argv[2] argument (which is the current dir). I did it successfully with fork() but with pthread I've some difficulties. I don't know if I can do something like that : #include <unistd.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <sys/wait.h> #include <dirent.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { pthread_t threadID[10] = {0}; DIR * dir; struct dirent * entry; struct stat status; pthread_attr_t attr; pthread_attr_init(&attr); int i = 0; char *res; char *tmp; char *file; if(argc != 3) { printf("Usage : %s <file> <dir>\n", argv[0]); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } if(stat(argv[2],&status) == 0) { dir = opendir(argv[2]); file = argv[1]; } else exit(EXIT_FAILURE); while ((entry = readdir(dir))) { if (strcmp(entry->d_name, ".") && strcmp(entry->d_name, "..")) { tmp = malloc(strlen(argv[2]) + strlen(entry->d_name) + 2); strcpy(tmp, argv[2]); strcat(tmp, "/"); strcat(tmp, entry->d_name); stat(tmp, &status); if (S_ISDIR(status.st_mode)) { argv[2] = tmp; pthread_create( &threadID[i], &attr, execvp(argv[0], argv), NULL); printf("New thread created : %d", i); i++; } else if (!strcmp(entry->d_name, file)) { printf(" %s was found - Thread number = %d\n",tmp, i); break; } free(tmp); } } pthread_join( threadID[i] , &res ); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); } Actually it doesn't works : pthread_create( &threadID[i], &attr, execvp(argv[0], argv), NULL); I have no runtime error, but when the file to find is in another directory, the thread is not created and so execvp(argv[0], argv) is not called... Thank you for you help, Simon

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  • Email pipe to php script working only sometimes

    - by Rixius
    I have a php pipe script that takes an attached *.csv from an email and saves and parses it. When the email is sent from where it is supposed to be coming from, it silently errors, however, when I take that same email and resend it from my address it goes through just fine. is there any simple reason it could be doing this?

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  • PHP Segmentation fault when started from crond

    - by Jeroen Moors
    Hello, I've a php script that's started each minute from cron. It almost always runs without any problem, except for about 10 times within 24h. The times it fails I get a segmentation fault like: bin/sh: line 1: 21815 Segmentation fault /usr/bin/myscript The number after "line 1:" is always different. I'm running: PHP 5.2.6-1+lenny8 with Suhosin-Patch 0.9.6.2 (cli) (built: Mar 14 2010 08:14:04) Is this a problem with my version of PHP? Is there a way to debug this? I have the feeling it crashes when the server load is high, but there's absolutely no prove for this. Any feedback is welcome!

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  • How to include all objects of an archive in a shared object?

    - by Didier Trosset
    When compiling our project, we create several archives (static libraries), say liby.a and libz.a that each contains an object file defining a function y_function() and z_function(). Then, these archives are joined in a shared object, say libyz.so, that is one of our main distributable target. g++ -fPIC -c -o y.o y.cpp ar cr liby.a y.o g++ -fPIC -c -o z.o z.cpp ar cr libz.a z.o g++ -shared -L. -ly -lz -o libyz.so When using this shared object into the example program, say x.c, the link fails because of an undefined references to functions y_function() and z_function(). g++ x.o -L. -lyz -o xyz It works however when I link the final executable directly with the archives (static libraries). g++ x.o -L. -ly -lz -o xyz My guess is that the object files contained in the archives are not linked into the shared library because they are not used in it. How to force inclusion? Edit: Inclusion can be forced using --whole-archive ld option. But if results in compilation errors: g++ -shared '-Wl,--whole-archive' -L. -ly -lz -o libyz.so /usr/lib/libc_nonshared.a(elf-init.oS): In function `__libc_csu_init': (.text+0x1d): undefined reference to `__init_array_end' /usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libc_nonshared.a(elf-init.oS): relocation R_X86_64_PC32 against undefined hidden symbol `__init_array_end' can not be used when making a shared object /usr/bin/ld: final link failed: Bad value Any idea where this comes from?

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  • Get_user running at kernel mode returns error

    - by Fangkai Yang
    Hi, all, I have a problem with get_user() macro. What I did is as follows: I run the following program int main() { int a = 20; printf("address of a: %p", &a); sleep(200); return 0; } When the program runs, it outputs the address of a, say, 0xbff91914. Then I pass this address to a module running in Kernel Mode that retrieves the contents at this address (at the time when I did this, I also made sure the process didn't terminate, because I put it to sleep for 200 seconds... ): The address is firstly sent as a string, and I cast them into pointer type. int * ptr = (int*)simple_strtol(buffer, NULL,16); printk("address: %p",ptr); // I use this line to make sure the cast is correct. When running, it outputs bff91914, as expected. int val = 0; int res; res= get_user(val, (int*) ptr); However, res is always not 0, meaning that get_user returns error. I am wondering what is the problem.... Thank you!! -- Fangkai

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  • Intermittent "No Database Selected" in PHP/MySQL?

    - by ANE
    Have a PHP/MySQL form with a dropdown box containing a list of 350 names. When any random name is selected, sometimes it works & displays info about that name from the database, and sometimes the form gives the error "No Database Selected". Here's what I've tried, pretty much grasping at straws as I'm not a programmer: Increasing max_connections in /etc/my.cnf from 200 to 2000 (even though only 4-5 connections are made and it's a lightly used server) Changing mysql_pconnect to mysql_connect Adding the word true to this connection string: $mysql = mysql_pconnect($hostname_mysql, $username_mysql, $password_mysql, true) or trigger_error(mysql_error(),E_USER_ERROR); Changing the word require_once to require on this line: [?php require('/home/user/Connections/mysql.php'); ?] Enabling MySQL & PHP query & error logging. (no errors logged) Here is the code: [removed old bad code] Update: Working answer from Rob Apodaca below.

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  • Distributing a bundle of files across an extranet

    - by John Zwinck
    I want to be able to distribute bundles of files, about 500 MB per bundle, to all machines on a corporate "extranet" (which is basically a few LANs connected using various private mechanisms, including leased lines and VPN). The total number of hosts is roughly 100, and the goal is to get a copy of the bundle from one host onto all the other hosts reliably, quickly, and efficiently. One important issue is that some hosts are grouped together on single fast LANs in which case the network I/O should be done once from one group to the next and then within each group between all the peers. This is as opposed to a strict central server system where multiple hosts might each fetch the same bundle over a slow link, rather than once via the slow link and then between each other quickly. A new bundle will be produced every few days, and occasionally old bundles will be deleted (but that problem can be solved separately). The machines in question happen to run recent Linuxes, but bonus points will go to solutions which are at least somewhat cross-platform (in which case the bundle might differ per platform but maybe the same mechanism can be used). That's pretty much it. I'm not opposed to writing some code to handle this, but it would be preferable if it were one of bash, Python, Ruby, Lua, C, or C++.

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  • PHP Extension using libtidy compiles, but does not load

    - by ewokker
    I wrote an extension in C++ that uses libtidy, and it runs perfectly under PHP when I compile PHP --with-tidy. However, it would be nice to have the extension run on a vanilla PHP. When I try to use the extension, I get something like: PHP Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library 'extension.so': undefined symbol: tidyCleanAndRepair in Unknown on line 0 and the extension is not loaded. Obviously, the official tidy extension works fine. I have the relevant libtidy development packages installed on the system, and it compiles+links without a problem. I have tried to look through the code for the tidy extension, but it is a huge mass of macros - copying pieces at random felt like cargo code. Besides linking to the library with PHP_ADD_LIBRARY_WITH_PATH(tidy, $TIDY_LIBDIR, TIDY_SHARED_LIBADD), Is there a PHP extension or C statement that fixes this error? Thanks in advance!!

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