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• Grails checkbox

  - by Tomáš

  Hi gurus I have trouble with binding Boolean property in association classes. Property is set to true if I check checkbox (good), but is null if checbox is not checked. I know the problem with HTML checkbox. I know why is send "_fieldName" in params, but this "_fieldName" dont set my boolean property to false. class Person{ String title List<Group> groups = new ArrayList() static hasMany = [groups: Groups] } class Group{ String title Boolean isHidden static belongTo = Person } class PersonController{ def form = { def person = new Person() person.groups.add( new Group() ) return ["person": person] } def handleForm = { def person = new Person( params ) println person.groups[0] } } If I check checkbox: [isHidden:on, title:a, _isHidden:] println person.groups[0] //true If I don check checkbox: [title:a, _isHidden:] println person.groups[0] //null Thank a lot for help Tom I am sorry, I searched this web, but did not get actual info for my trouble.

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• How to use /dev/random or urandom in C ?

  - by stojance

  I want to use /dev/random or /dev/urandom in C - how can i do it ? I don't know how can i handle them in C, if someone knows please tell me how. Thank you.

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• Is it possible to simulate TMenuBreak functionality with Dev Express TdxBarSubItems?

  - by mcmar

  In my application I'm dynamically adding new TdxBarSubItems based off of a SQL query. In some cases the result set is rather large so the menu fills the entire screen and sometimes has a down arrow to scroll the list. In a previous version of the code before switching to Dev Express, I was able to add TMenuBreak objects to make the list divide into columns. Is there a way to do this with Dev Express components?

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• LLBLGen Pro feature highlights: grouping model elements

  - by FransBouma

  (This post is part of a series of posts about features of the LLBLGen Pro system) When working with an entity model which has more than a few entities, it's often convenient to be able to group entities together if they belong to a semantic sub-model. For example, if your entity model has several entities which are about 'security', it would be practical to group them together under the 'security' moniker. This way, you could easily find them back, yet they can be left inside the complete entity model altogether so their relationships with entities outside the group are kept. In other situations your domain consists of semi-separate entity models which all target tables/views which are located in the same database. It then might be convenient to have a single project to manage the complete target database, yet have the entity models separate of each other and have them result in separate code bases. LLBLGen Pro can do both for you. This blog post will illustrate both situations. The feature is called group usage and is controllable through the project settings. This setting is supported on all supported O/R mapper frameworks. Situation one: grouping entities in a single model. This situation is common for entity models which are dense, so many relationships exist between all sub-models: you can't split them up easily into separate models (nor do you likely want to), however it's convenient to have them grouped together into groups inside the entity model at the project level. A typical example for this is the AdventureWorks example database for SQL Server. This database, which is a single catalog, has for each sub-group a schema, however most of these schemas are tightly connected with each other: adding all schemas together will give a model with entities which indirectly are related to all other entities. LLBLGen Pro's default setting for group usage is AsVisualGroupingMechanism which is what this situation is all about: we group the elements for visual purposes, it has no real meaning for the model nor the code generated. Let's reverse engineer AdventureWorks to an entity model. By default, LLBLGen Pro uses the target schema an element is in which is being reverse engineered, as the group it will be in. This is convenient if you already have categorized tables/views in schemas, like which is the case in AdventureWorks. Of course this can be switched off, or corrected on the fly. When reverse engineering, we'll walk through a wizard which will guide us with the selection of the elements which relational model data should be retrieved, which we can later on use to reverse engineer to an entity model. The first step after specifying which database server connect to is to select these elements. below we can see the AdventureWorks catalog as well as the different schemas it contains. We'll include all of them. After the wizard completes, we have all relational model data nicely in our catalog data, with schemas. So let's reverse engineer entities from the tables in these schemas. We select in the catalog explorer the schemas 'HumanResources', 'Person', 'Production', 'Purchasing' and 'Sales', then right-click one of them and from the context menu, we select Reverse engineer Tables to Entity Definitions.... This will bring up the dialog below. We check all checkboxes in one go by checking the checkbox at the top to mark them all to be added to the project. As you can see LLBLGen Pro has already filled in the group name based on the schema name, as this is the default and we didn't change the setting. If you want, you can select multiple rows at once and set the group name to something else using the controls on the dialog. We're fine with the group names chosen so we'll simply click Add to Project. This gives the following result:   (I collapsed the other groups to keep the picture small ;)). As you can see, the entities are now grouped. Just to see how dense this model is, I've expanded the relationships of Employee: As you can see, it has relationships with entities from three other groups than HumanResources. It's not doable to cut up this project into sub-models without duplicating the Employee entity in all those groups, so this model is better suited to be used as a single model resulting in a single code base, however it benefits greatly from having its entities grouped into separate groups at the project level, to make work done on the model easier. Now let's look at another situation, namely where we work with a single database while we want to have multiple models and for each model a separate code base. Situation two: grouping entities in separate models within the same project. To get rid of the entities to see the second situation in action, simply undo the reverse engineering action in the project. We still have the AdventureWorks relational model data in the catalog. To switch LLBLGen Pro to see each group in the project as a separate project, open the Project Settings, navigate to General and set Group usage to AsSeparateProjects. In the catalog explorer, select Person and Production, right-click them and select again Reverse engineer Tables to Entities.... Again check the checkbox at the top to mark all entities to be added and click Add to Project. We get two groups, as expected, however this time the groups are seen as separate projects. This means that the validation logic inside LLBLGen Pro will see it as an error if there's e.g. a relationship or an inheritance edge linking two groups together, as that would lead to a cyclic reference in the code bases. To see this variant of the grouping feature, seeing the groups as separate projects, in action, we'll generate code from the project with the two groups we just created: select from the main menu: Project -> Generate Source-code... (or press F7 ;)). In the dialog popping up, select the target .NET framework you want to use, the template preset, fill in a destination folder and click Start Generator (normal). This will start the code generator process. As expected the code generator has simply generated two code bases, one for Person and one for Production: The group name is used inside the namespace for the different elements. This allows you to add both code bases to a single solution and use them together in a different project without problems. Below is a snippet from the code file of a generated entity class. //... using System.Xml.Serialization; using AdventureWorks.Person; using AdventureWorks.Person.HelperClasses; using AdventureWorks.Person.FactoryClasses; using AdventureWorks.Person.RelationClasses; using SD.LLBLGen.Pro.ORMSupportClasses; namespace AdventureWorks.Person.EntityClasses { //... /// <summary>Entity class which represents the entity 'Address'.<br/><br/></summary> [Serializable] public partial class AddressEntity : CommonEntityBase //... The advantage of this is that you can have two code bases and work with them separately, yet have a single target database and maintain everything in a single location. If you decide to move to a single code base, you can do so with a change of one setting. It's also useful if you want to keep the groups as separate models (and code bases) yet want to add relationships to elements from another group using a copy of the entity: you can simply reverse engineer the target table to a new entity into a different group, effectively making a copy of the entity. As there's a single target database, changes made to that database are reflected in both models which makes maintenance easier than when you'd have a separate project for each group, with its own relational model data. Conclusion LLBLGen Pro offers a flexible way to work with entities in sub-models and control how the sub-models end up in the generated code.

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• Need help with testdisk output

  - by dan

  I had (note the past tense) an ubuntu 12.04 system with separate partitions for the base and /home directories. It started acting wonky, so I decided to do a reinstall with 12.10, intending just to do a reinstall to the base partition. After several seconds, I realize that the installer was repartitioning the drive and reinstalling, so I pulled the power cord. I'm now trying to recover as much as I can with testdisk, but it seems that testdisk is finding 100 unique partitions when I run it - they mostly tend to be HFS+ or solaris /home (which I think is just an ext4; I've never had solaris on the machine). I've pasted an abbreviated version of the testdisk output below (first ~100 lines, and then ~100 lines from the middle of the output). Is there a way to combine or recreate the partitions and then data recovery, or some other way maximize what I can recover (ideally as much of the file system as possible)? I really only care about what was in the /home directory - I'd rather not use photorec since I don't have another 2 TB HD lying around to recover to. Thanks, Dan Mon Dec 10 06:03:00 2012 Command line: TestDisk TestDisk 6.13, Data Recovery Utility, November 2011 Christophe GRENIER <[email protected]> http://www.cgsecurity.org OS: Linux, kernel 3.2.34-std312-amd64 (#2 SMP Sat Nov 17 08:06:32 UTC 2012) x86_64 Compiler: GCC 4.4 Compilation date: 2012-11-27T22:44:52 ext2fs lib: 1.42.6, ntfs lib: libntfs-3g, reiserfs lib: 0.3.1-rc8, ewf lib: none /dev/sda: LBA, HPA, LBA48, DCO support /dev/sda: size 3907029168 sectors /dev/sda: user_max 3907029168 sectors /dev/sda: native_max 3907029168 sectors Warning: can't get size for Disk /dev/mapper/control - 0 B - CHS 1 1 1, sector size=512 /dev/sr0 is not an ATA disk Hard disk list Disk /dev/sda - 2000 GB / 1863 GiB - CHS 243201 255 63, sector size=512 - WDC WD20EARS-00J2GB0, S/N:WD-WCAYY0075071, FW:80.00A80 Disk /dev/sdb - 1013 MB / 967 MiB - CHS 1014 32 61, sector size=512 - Generic Flash Disk, FW:8.07 Disk /dev/sr0 - 367 MB / 350 MiB - CHS 179470 1 1 (RO), sector size=2048 - PLDS DVD+/-RW DH-16AAS, FW:JD12 Partition table type (auto): Intel Disk /dev/sda - 2000 GB / 1863 GiB - WDC WD20EARS-00J2GB0 Partition table type: EFI GPT Analyse Disk /dev/sda - 2000 GB / 1863 GiB - CHS 243201 255 63 Current partition structure: Bad GPT partition, invalid signature. search_part() Disk /dev/sda - 2000 GB / 1863 GiB - CHS 243201 255 63 recover_EXT2: s_block_group_nr=0/14880, s_mnt_count=5/4294967295, s_blocks_per_group=32768, s_inodes_per_group=8192 recover_EXT2: s_blocksize=4096 recover_EXT2: s_blocks_count 487593984 recover_EXT2: part_size 3900751872 MS Data 2048 3900753919 3900751872 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock, 1997 GB / 1860 GiB Linux Swap 3900755968 3907028975 6273008 SWAP2 version 1, 3211 MB / 3062 MiB Results P MS Data 2048 3900753919 3900751872 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock, 1997 GB / 1860 GiB P Linux Swap 3900755968 3907028975 6273008 SWAP2 version 1, 3211 MB / 3062 MiB interface_write() 1 P MS Data 2048 3900753919 3900751872 2 P Linux Swap 3900755968 3907028975 6273008 search_part() Disk /dev/sda - 2000 GB / 1863 GiB - CHS 243201 255 63 recover_EXT2: s_block_group_nr=0/14880, s_mnt_count=5/4294967295, s_blocks_per_group=32768, s_inodes_per_group=8192 recover_EXT2: s_blocksize=4096 recover_EXT2: s_blocks_count 487593984 recover_EXT2: part_size 3900751872 MS Data 2048 3900753919 3900751872 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock, 1997 GB / 1860 GiB block_group_nr 1 recover_EXT2: "e2fsck -b 32768 -B 4096 device" may be needed recover_EXT2: s_block_group_nr=1/14880, s_mnt_count=0/4294967295, s_blocks_per_group=32768, s_inodes_per_group=8192 recover_EXT2: s_blocksize=4096 recover_EXT2: s_blocks_count 487593984 recover_EXT2: part_size 3900751872 MS Data 2046 3900753917 3900751872 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock Backup superblock, 1997 GB / 1860 GiB block_group_nr 1 recover_EXT2: "e2fsck -b 32768 -B 4096 device" may be needed recover_EXT2: s_block_group_nr=1/14880, s_mnt_count=0/4294967295, s_blocks_per_group=32768, s_inodes_per_group=8192 recover_EXT2: s_blocksize=4096 recover_EXT2: s_blocks_count 487593984 recover_EXT2: part_size 3900751872 MS Data 2048 3900753919 3900751872 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock Backup superblock, 1997 GB / 1860 GiB block_group_nr 1 recover_EXT2: "e2fsck -b 32768 -B 4096 device" may be needed recover_EXT2: s_block_group_nr=1/14584, s_mnt_count=0/27, s_blocks_per_group=32768, s_inodes_per_group=8192 recover_EXT2: s_blocksize=4096 recover_EXT2: s_blocks_count 477915164 recover_EXT2: part_size 3823321312 MS Data 4094 3823325405 3823321312 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock Backup superblock, 1957 GB / 1823 GiB block_group_nr 1 ....snip...... MS Data 2046 3900753917 3900751872 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock Backup superblock, 1997 GB / 1860 GiB MS Data 2048 3900753919 3900751872 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock, 1997 GB / 1860 GiB MS Data 4094 3823325405 3823321312 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock Backup superblock, 1957 GB / 1823 GiB MS Data 4096 3823325407 3823321312 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock Backup superblock, 1957 GB / 1823 GiB MS Data 7028840 7033383 4544 FAT12, 2326 KB / 2272 KiB Mac HFS 67856948 67862179 5232 HFS+ found using backup sector!, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 67862176 67867407 5232 HFS+, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 67862244 67867475 5232 HFS+ found using backup sector!, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 67867404 67872635 5232 HFS+, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 67867472 67872703 5232 HFS+, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 67872700 67877931 5232 HFS+, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 67937834 67948067 10234 [EasyInstall_OSX] HFS found using backup sector!, 5239 KB / 5117 KiB Mac HFS 67938012 67948155 10144 HFS+ found using backup sector!, 5193 KB / 5072 KiB Mac HFS 67948064 67958297 10234 [EasyInstall_OSX] HFS, 5239 KB / 5117 KiB Mac HFS 67948070 67958303 10234 [EasyInstall_OSX] HFS found using backup sector!, 5239 KB / 5117 KiB Mac HFS 67948152 67958295 10144 HFS+, 5193 KB / 5072 KiB Mac HFS 67958292 67968435 10144 HFS+, 5193 KB / 5072 KiB Mac HFS 67958300 67968533 10234 [EasyInstall_OSX] HFS, 5239 KB / 5117 KiB Mac HFS 67992596 67997827 5232 HFS+ found using backup sector!, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 67997824 68003055 5232 HFS+, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 67997892 68003123 5232 HFS+ found using backup sector!, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 68003052 68008283 5232 HFS+, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 68003120 68008351 5232 HFS+, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 68008348 68013579 5232 HFS+, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Solaris /home 84429840 123499141 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84429952 123499253 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84493136 123562437 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84493248 123562549 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84566088 123635389 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84566200 123635501 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84571232 123640533 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84571344 123640645 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84659952 123729253 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84660064 123729365 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84690504 123759805 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84690616 123759917 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84700424 123769725 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84700536 123769837 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84797720 123867021 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84797832 123867133 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84812544 123881845 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84812656 123881957 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84824552 123893853 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84824664 123893965 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84847528 123916829 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84847640 123916941 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84886840 123956141 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84886952 123956253 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84945488 124014789 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84945600 124014901 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84957992 124027293 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84958104 124027405 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84962240 124031541 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84962352 124031653 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84977168 124046469 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84977280 124046581 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB MS Data 174395467 178483851 4088385 ..... snip (it keeps going on for quite a while)

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• MapReduce in DryadLINQ and PLINQ

  - by JoshReuben

  MapReduce See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapreduce The MapReduce pattern aims to handle large-scale computations across a cluster of servers, often involving massive amounts of data. "The computation takes a set of input key/value pairs, and produces a set of output key/value pairs. The developer expresses the computation as two Func delegates: Map and Reduce. Map - takes a single input pair and produces a set of intermediate key/value pairs. The MapReduce function groups results by key and passes them to the Reduce function. Reduce - accepts an intermediate key I and a set of values for that key. It merges together these values to form a possibly smaller set of values. Typically just zero or one output value is produced per Reduce invocation. The intermediate values are supplied to the user's Reduce function via an iterator." the canonical MapReduce example: counting word frequency in a text file.     MapReduce using DryadLINQ see http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/projects/dryadlinq/ and http://connect.microsoft.com/Dryad DryadLINQ provides a simple and straightforward way to implement MapReduce operations. This The implementation has two primary components: A Pair structure, which serves as a data container. A MapReduce method, which counts word frequency and returns the top five words. The Pair Structure - Pair has two properties: Word is a string that holds a word or key. Count is an int that holds the word count. The structure also overrides ToString to simplify printing the results. The following example shows the Pair implementation. public struct Pair { private string word; private int count; public Pair(string w, int c) { word = w; count = c; } public int Count { get { return count; } } public string Word { get { return word; } } public override string ToString() { return word + ":" + count.ToString(); } } The MapReduce function  that gets the results. the input data could be partitioned and distributed across the cluster. 1. Creates a DryadTable<LineRecord> object, inputTable, to represent the lines of input text. For partitioned data, use GetPartitionedTable<T> instead of GetTable<T> and pass the method a metadata file. 2. Applies the SelectMany operator to inputTable to transform the collection of lines into collection of words. The String.Split method converts the line into a collection of words. SelectMany concatenates the collections created by Split into a single IQueryable<string> collection named words, which represents all the words in the file. 3. Performs the Map part of the operation by applying GroupBy to the words object. The GroupBy operation groups elements with the same key, which is defined by the selector delegate. This creates a higher order collection, whose elements are groups. In this case, the delegate is an identity function, so the key is the word itself and the operation creates a groups collection that consists of groups of identical words. 4. Performs the Reduce part of the operation by applying Select to groups. This operation reduces the groups of words from Step 3 to an IQueryable<Pair> collection named counts that represents the unique words in the file and how many instances there are of each word. Each key value in groups represents a unique word, so Select creates one Pair object for each unique word. IGrouping.Count returns the number of items in the group, so each Pair object's Count member is set to the number of instances of the word. 5. Applies OrderByDescending to counts. This operation sorts the input collection in descending order of frequency and creates an ordered collection named ordered. 6. Applies Take to ordered to create an IQueryable<Pair> collection named top, which contains the 100 most common words in the input file, and their frequency. Test then uses the Pair object's ToString implementation to print the top one hundred words, and their frequency.   public static IQueryable<Pair> MapReduce( string directory, string fileName, int k) { DryadDataContext ddc = new DryadDataContext("file://" + directory); DryadTable<LineRecord> inputTable = ddc.GetTable<LineRecord>(fileName); IQueryable<string> words = inputTable.SelectMany(x => x.line.Split(' ')); IQueryable<IGrouping<string, string>> groups = words.GroupBy(x => x); IQueryable<Pair> counts = groups.Select(x => new Pair(x.Key, x.Count())); IQueryable<Pair> ordered = counts.OrderByDescending(x => x.Count); IQueryable<Pair> top = ordered.Take(k);   return top; }   To Test: IQueryable<Pair> results = MapReduce(@"c:\DryadData\input", "TestFile.txt", 100); foreach (Pair words in results) Debug.Print(words.ToString());   Note: DryadLINQ applications can use a more compact way to represent the query: return inputTable         .SelectMany(x => x.line.Split(' '))         .GroupBy(x => x)         .Select(x => new Pair(x.Key, x.Count()))         .OrderByDescending(x => x.Count)         .Take(k);     MapReduce using PLINQ The pattern is relevant even for a single multi-core machine, however. We can write our own PLINQ MapReduce in a few lines. the Map function takes a single input value and returns a set of mapped values àLINQ's SelectMany operator. These are then grouped according to an intermediate key à LINQ GroupBy operator. The Reduce function takes each intermediate key and a set of values for that key, and produces any number of outputs per key à LINQ SelectMany again. We can put all of this together to implement MapReduce in PLINQ that returns a ParallelQuery<T> public static ParallelQuery<TResult> MapReduce<TSource, TMapped, TKey, TResult>( this ParallelQuery<TSource> source, Func<TSource, IEnumerable<TMapped>> map, Func<TMapped, TKey> keySelector, Func<IGrouping<TKey, TMapped>, IEnumerable<TResult>> reduce) { return source .SelectMany(map) .GroupBy(keySelector) .SelectMany(reduce); } the map function takes in an input document and outputs all of the words in that document. The grouping phase groups all of the identical words together, such that the reduce phase can then count the words in each group and output a word/count pair for each grouping: var files = Directory.EnumerateFiles(dirPath, "*.txt").AsParallel(); var counts = files.MapReduce( path => File.ReadLines(path).SelectMany(line => line.Split(delimiters)), word => word, group => new[] { new KeyValuePair<string, int>(group.Key, group.Count()) });

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• Unable to boot: Missing Operating system

  - by Vivek S Panicker

  i had installed Ubuntu 11.10 along with the another Ubuntu 11.10 which already installed in my netbook. Later I formatted the partition I newly installed. Next time when I boot it went to Grub Rescue menu. I boot my system again with Ubuntu USB stick, Then I installed Boot repair package in USB and restored MBR and GRUB menu in hard disk. Now when I am restarting, I am getting a message Missing operating system, press any key to continue. Can somebody help me on this? Below is the output for sudo fdisk -l omitting empty partition (7) Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00058a60 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 204072287 102035120 83 Linux /dev/sda2 204072958 312580095 54253569 5 Extended /dev/sda5 310507520 312580095 1036288 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 308432896 310503423 1035264 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition table entries are not in disk order Disk /dev/sdb: 4006 MB, 4006608896 bytes 124 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1017 cylinders, total 7825408 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0004d3df Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 62 7818695 3909317 b W95 FAT32 Below is the output for sudo blkid /dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs" /dev/loop1: LABEL="casper-rw" UUID="533defb1-f073-254a-b46f-7ca0ac1f4e0c" TYPE="ext2" /dev/sda1: LABEL="Ubuntu" UUID="6a141040-3ba8-457a-9de5-ad06e6057084" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda5: UUID="3a7f62d6-9c65-4d12-a3b6-5d62b9710f7d" TYPE="swap" /dev/sda6: UUID="274da115-cec2-4418-a1af-88fe921e3670" TYPE="swap" /dev/sdb1: LABEL="PENDRIVE" UUID="EC22-6BE4" TYPE="vfat" File /boot/grub/grub.cfg # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi set default="0" if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus } insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6a141040-3ba8-457a-9de5-ad06e6057084 if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=auto load_video insmod gfxterm insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6a141040-3ba8-457a-9de5-ad06e6057084 set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale set lang=en_US insmod gettext fi terminal_output gfxterm if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then set timeout=10 else set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 44,0,30; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### if [ ${recordfail} != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode if [ "$linux_gfx_mode" != "text" ]; then load_video; fi menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.0.0-12-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6a141040-3ba8-457a-9de5-ad06e6057084 linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-12-generic root=UUID=6a141040-3ba8-457a-9de5-ad06e6057084 ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7 initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-12-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.0.0-12-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6a141040-3ba8-457a-9de5-ad06e6057084 echo 'Loading Linux 3.0.0-12-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-12-generic root=UUID=6a141040-3ba8-457a-9de5-ad06e6057084 ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-12-generic } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6a141040-3ba8-457a-9de5-ad06e6057084 linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6a141040-3ba8-457a-9de5-ad06e6057084 linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###

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• How to add another OS entry in Wubi grub

  - by Amey Jah

  I am trying to install another linux distro besides ubuntu. However, I want to retain my existing windows based loader. Currently, as per my knowledge, MsDos loads grub which then loads Ubuntu (with loop back trick). Now, I have a new linux distro installed on /dev/sda8 (/boot for new distro) where as /root for that OS is installed on /dev/sda9. I tried following steps 1. Add entry into 40_custom of ubuntu grub 2. update grub But upon booting via that entry, it is not able to load the new OS and shows me blank screen. What could be the problem? Additional data: grub.cfg file of ubuntu menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-fc296be2-8c59-4f21-a3f8-47c38cd0d537' { gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod ntfs set root='hd0,msdos5' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos5 01CD7BB998DB0870 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 01CD7BB998DB0870 fi loopback loop0 /ubuntu/disks/root.disk set root=(loop0) linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-19-generic root=UUID=01CD7BB998DB0870 loop=/ubuntu/disks/root.disk ro quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-19-generic } submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-fc296be2-8c59-4f21-a3f8-47c38cd0d537' { menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.5.0-19-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.5.0-19-generic-advanced-fc296be2-8c59-4f21-a3f8-47c38cd0d537' { gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod ntfs set root='hd0,msdos5' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos5 01CD7BB998DB0870 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 01CD7BB998DB0870 fi loopback loop0 /ubuntu/disks/root.disk set root=(loop0) echo 'Loading Linux 3.5.0-19-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-19-generic root=UUID=01CD7BB998DB0870 loop=/ubuntu/disks/root.disk ro quiet splash $vt_handoff echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-19-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.5.0-19-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.5.0-19-generic-recovery-fc296be2-8c59-4f21-a3f8-47c38cd0d537' { insmod gzio insmod ntfs set root='hd0,msdos5' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos5 01CD7BB998DB0870 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 01CD7BB998DB0870 fi loopback loop0 /ubuntu/disks/root.disk set root=(loop0) echo 'Loading Linux 3.5.0-19-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-19-generic root=UUID=01CD7BB998DB0870 loop=/ubuntu/disks/root.disk ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-19-generic } } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_lupin ### menuentry 'Linux, with Linux core repo kernel' --class arch --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-core repo kernel-true-0f490b6c-e92d-42f0-88e1-0bd3c0d27641'{ load_video set gfxpayload=keep insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos8' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos8 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos8 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos8 0f490b6c-e92d-42f0-88e1-0bd3c0d27641 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 0f490b6c-e92d-42f0-88e1-0bd3c0d27641 fi echo 'Loading Linux core repo kernel ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux root=UUID=0f490b6c-e92d-42f0-88e1-0bd3c0d27641 ro quiet echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initramfs-linux.img } menuentry 'Linux, with Linux core repo kernel (Fallback initramfs)' --class arch --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-core repo kernel-fallback-0f490b6c-e92d-42f0-88e1-0bd3c0d27641' { load_video set gfxpayload=keep insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos8' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos8 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos8 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos8 0f490b6c-e92d-42f0-88e1-0bd3c0d27641 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 0f490b6c-e92d-42f0-88e1-0bd3c0d27641 fi echo 'Loading Linux core repo kernel ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux root=UUID=0f490b6c-e92d-42f0-88e1-0bd3c0d27641 ro quiet echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initramfs-linux-fallback.img } lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 931.5G 0 disk +-sda1 8:1 0 39.2M 0 part +-sda2 8:2 0 19.8G 0 part +-sda3 8:3 0 205.1G 0 part +-sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part +-sda5 8:5 0 333.7G 0 part /host +-sda6 8:6 0 233.4G 0 part +-sda7 8:7 0 100.4G 0 part +-sda8 8:8 0 100M 0 part +-sda9 8:9 0 14.7G 0 part +-sda10 8:10 0 21.4G 0 part +-sda11 8:11 0 3G 0 part sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom loop0 7:0 0 29G 0 loop / blkid /dev/loop0: UUID="fc296be2-8c59-4f21-a3f8-47c38cd0d537" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda1: SEC_TYPE="msdos" LABEL="DellUtility" UUID="5450-4444" TYPE="vfat" /dev/sda2: LABEL="RECOVERY" UUID="78C4FAC1C4FA80A4" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda3: LABEL="OS" UUID="DACEFCF1CEFCC6B3" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda5: UUID="01CD7BB998DB0870" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda6: UUID="01CD7BB99CA3F750" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda7: LABEL="Windows 8" UUID="01CDBFB52F925F40" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda8: UUID="cdbb5770-d29c-401d-850d-ee30a048ca5e" TYPE="ext2" /dev/sda9: UUID="0f490b6c-e92d-42f0-88e1-0bd3c0d27641" TYPE="ext2" /dev/sda10: UUID="2e7682e5-8917-4edc-9bf9-044fea2ad738" TYPE="ext2" /dev/sda11: UUID="6081da70-d622-42b9-b489-309f922b284e" TYPE="swap Any help is appreciated. Please let me know if you need any extra data.

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• Mounting ddrescue image after recovery (in over my head)

  - by BorgDomination

  I'm having problems mounting the recovery image. I've tried to mount the image multiple ways. quark@DS9 ~ $ sudo mount -t ext4 /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img /mnt mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/loop0, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so quark@DS9 ~ $ sudo mount -r -o loop /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img recover mount: you must specify the filesystem type quark@DS9 ~ $ sudo mount /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img mnt mount: you must specify the filesystem type It doesn't even give me detailed information on the file I just made, nautilus says it's 160gb. quark@DS9 ~ $ file /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img: data quark@DS9 ~ $ mmls /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img Cannot determine partition type I'm not sure what I'm doing wrong or if I started this process incorrectly from the beginning. I've outlined what I've done so far below. I'm clueless, I'd appreciate if someone had some input for me. What I have done from the beginning My laptop has two hard drives. One has the dual boot Win7 / Linux Mint system files. Secondary one contained my /home folder. The laptop was jarred and the /home disk was broken. I tried a LiveCD recovery, it failed. Wouldn't even load a Live session with the disk installed. So I turned to ddrescue. quark@DS9 ~ $ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0009fc18 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 112642047 56320000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 138033152 312580095 87273472 83 Linux /dev/sda3 112644094 138033151 12694529 5 Extended /dev/sda5 112644096 132173823 9764864 83 Linux /dev/sda6 132175872 138033151 2928640 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition table entries are not in disk order Disk /dev/sdb: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0002a8ea Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 63 312576704 156288321 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xed6d054b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 63 1953520064 976760001 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT sda - 160g internal, holds all system files and all computer functions. sdb - 160g internal, BROKEN, contains about 140g of data I'd like to recover. sdc - 1T external, contains recovery image. Only place that has space to do all this. From this site, https://apps.education.ucsb.edu/wiki/Ddrescue I used this script to create an image of the broken hard drive. I changed the destination to the external USB drive. #!/bin/sh prt=sdb1 src=/dev/$prt dst=/media/jump1/1recover/$prt.img log=$dst.log sudo time ddrescue --no-split $src $dst $log sudo time ddrescue --direct --max-retries=3 $src $dst $log sudo time ddrescue --direct --retrim --max-retries=3 $src $dst $log Everything looked like it came off without a hitch: quark@DS9 ~ $ sudo bash recover1 Press Ctrl-C to interrupt Initial status (read from logfile) rescued: 0 B, errsize: 0 B, errors: 0 Current status rescued: 160039 MB, errsize: 4096 B, current rate: 35588 B/s ipos: 3584 B, errors: 1, average rate: 22859 kB/s opos: 3584 B, time from last successful read: 0 s Finished 12.78user 1060.42system 1:56:41elapsed 15%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 4944maxresident)k 312580958inputs+0outputs (1major+601minor)pagefaults 0swaps Press Ctrl-C to interrupt Initial status (read from logfile) rescued: 160039 MB, errsize: 4096 B, errors: 1 Current status rescued: 160039 MB, errsize: 1024 B, current rate: 0 B/s ipos: 1536 B, errors: 1, average rate: 13 B/s opos: 1536 B, time from last successful read: 1.3 m Finished 0.00user 0.00system 3:43.95elapsed 0%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 4944maxresident)k 238inputs+0outputs (3major+374minor)pagefaults 0swaps Press Ctrl-C to interrupt Initial status (read from logfile) rescued: 160039 MB, errsize: 1024 B, errors: 1 Current status rescued: 160039 MB, errsize: 1024 B, current rate: 0 B/s ipos: 1536 B, errors: 1, average rate: 0 B/s opos: 1536 B, time from last successful read: 3.7 m Finished 0.00user 0.00system 3:43.56elapsed 0%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 4944maxresident)k 8inputs+0outputs (0major+376minor)pagefaults 0swaps It looks like, from where I'm standing it worked perfectly. Here's the log: # Rescue Logfile. Created by GNU ddrescue version 1.14 # Command line: ddrescue --direct --retrim --max-retries=3 /dev/sdb1 /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img.log # current_pos current_status 0x00000600 + # pos size status 0x00000000 0x00000400 + 0x00000400 0x00000400 - 0x00000800 0x254314FC00 + I'm not sure how to proceed. Does this mean all of my data is lost???????? Appreciate ANY input!

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• read and write permission for FAT32 partition in Ubuntu

  - by Dean

  This is a strange problem. I have the following partition table Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 13 5737 45978624 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda3 5738 10600 39062047+ 83 Linux /dev/sda4 10601 19457 71143852+ 5 Extended /dev/sda5 10601 11208 4883728+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 11209 15033 30720000 b W95 FAT32 /dev/sda7 15033 19457 35537920 7 HPFS/NTFS I dual boot Win7 (sda2) and Ubuntu (sda3) and wanted to use the FAT23 partition to share files across two OS's. I followed some online tutorial and have done these: sudo mkdir /media/FAT32 sudo chmod 777 /media/FAT32 sudo mount /dev/sda6/ /media/FAT32 after I mounted the file, I can only read but not be able to write to it. I checked the file permission, it becomes: drwxr-xr-x but after I unmounted the it then becomes drwxrwxrwx and I can read and write to it. very strange. I don't know where I've down wrong. Cheers.

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• Ubuntu 10.04 preseed unattended install results in faulty partition table

  - by joschi

  I'm currently trying to set up an unattended installation of Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx) through preseeding. But whenever I try to create a custom partition scheme, the Debian installer (which Ubuntu is using) produces a faulty partition table. I've taken the partition scheme described in the example preseed file: d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string \ boot-root :: \ 40 50 100 ext3 \ $primary{ } $bootable{ } \ method{ format } format{ } \ use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } \ mountpoint{ /boot } \ . \ 500 10000 1000000000 ext3 \ method{ format } format{ } \ use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 } \ mountpoint{ / } \ . \ 64 512 300% linux-swap \ method{ swap } format{ } \ . Unfortunately it also produces an incorrect partition table on the disk. The installation process itself is working and the installed system eventually boots and is working, as far as I can tell. But fdisk and cfdisk are still complaining: # fdisk -l /dev/sda Disk /dev/sda: 17.2 GB, 17179869184 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2088 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000a1cdd Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 5 37888 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 5 2089 16736257 5 Extended /dev/sda5 5 2013 16121856 83 Linux /dev/sda6 2013 2089 613376 82 Linux swap / Solaris cfdisk even refuses to start at all: # cfdisk /dev/sda FATAL ERROR: Bad primary partition 1: Partition ends in the final partial cylinder parted on the other hand does not complain about the cylinder boundary of /dev/sda1: # parted /dev/sda p Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 17.2GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 39.8MB 38.8MB primary ext4 boot 2 40.9MB 17.2GB 17.1GB extended 5 40.9MB 16.5GB 16.5GB logical ext4 6 16.6GB 17.2GB 628MB logical linux-swap(v1) Since the installed system is working, it shouldn't be a big problem but I'm afraid that this will mean trouble in the future.

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• Which linux distro for a laptop in windows environmet?

  - by Dev er dev

  I just got new laptop at work. What would you recommend as a linux distribution for it? All other developers are working under windows, and use windows tools. I'm currently using ArchLinux, but want to change it. I don't want to waste time configuring wireless, windows network shares, network pritners, projector, etc ... I want this stuff to just work, while still having sane and stable development evironment and tools. Is Ubuntu a good choice for this? I use gentoo at home, but don't think it is a good match for work environmet. EDIT: Note that we are working on cross platform apps, and deployment platform is almost always linux. There are very few windows apps that I have to use (like MS Project). It is just that everything else is windows centric. I use linux because I feel more productive with it, even if I have to dual boot to edit MS Project files.

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• Trouble serving vhosts when trying to set up wildcard subdomains with dnsmasq in local development e

  - by Jeremy Kendall

  I'm trying to get wildcard DNS enabled on my laptop using dnsmasq. I realize that this has been asked and answered more than once on this forum, but I can't get the solution to work for me. Steps taken so far: Installed dnsmasq Set address=/example.dev/127.0.0.1 in dnsmasq.conf Set listen-address=127.0.0.1 in dnsmasq.conf Ensured nameserver 127.0.0.1 is in /etc/resolv.conf Set prepend domain-name-servers 127.0.0.1; in /etc/dhcp3/dhclient.conf Created a vhost for example.dev Restarted apache and dnsmasq Note: example.dev is not set in /etc/hosts My vhost for example.dev <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName example.dev DocumentRoot /home/jkendall/public_html/example/public ServerAlias *.example.dev # This should be omitted in the production environment SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV development <Directory /home/jkendall/public_html/example/public> DirectoryIndex index.php AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> The setup above will server example.dev locally without any problem. It will also serve test.example.dev, but test.example.dev returns the default apache "It works!" index.html from /var/www rather than my index.php in /home/jkendall/public_html/example/public. The solution in this Server Fault thread suggests that address=/.example.dev/127.0.0.1 would resolve my problem, but when I try to use that solution, restarting dnsmasq results in a failure with the error message dnsmasq: error at line 62 of /etc/dnsmasq.conf For grins, I moved my project over to /var/www/example and modified the vhost appropriately. I got the same result as described above. At this point I'm not sure what other steps I can take to resolve the issue. Thoughts?

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• How to deal with job that stop and cannot continue unless made foreground?

  - by Vi

  Recent example: mountlo (using UML): vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other& [1] 32561 vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ Checking that ptrace can change system call numbers...OK Checking syscall emulation patch for ptrace...OK Checking advanced syscall emulation patch for ptrace...OK Checking PROT_EXEC mmap in /tmp...OK Checking for the skas3 patch in the host: - /proc/mm...not found - PTRACE_FAULTINFO...not found - PTRACE_LDT...not found UML running in SKAS0 mode [1]+ Stopped mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ bg [1]+ mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other & [1]+ Stopped mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ bg [1]+ mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other & [1]+ Stopped mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ bg [1]+ mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other & [1]+ Stopped mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ fg mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other Linux version 2.6.15 (miko@dorka) (gcc version 3.3.5 (Debian 1:3.3.5-13)) #1 Mon Feb 27 13:27:52 CET 2006 (normal output) ... vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ socat - exec:'mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8\,allow_other',pty,ctty fusermount: waitpid: No child processes vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ Also happens with Gimp (when it does run it's plug-ins). Parts of Gimp started by `gimp q.jpg&' freeze and cannot continue unless "killall -CONT" or made foreground. Is it a bug? How to reliably start things in a background?

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• LUKS with LVM, mount is not persistent after reboot

  - by linxsaga

  I have created a Logical vol and used luks to encrypt it. But while rebooting the server. I get a error message (below), therefore I would have to enter the root pass and disable the /etc/fstab entry. So mount of the LUKS partition is not persistent during reboot using LUKS. I have this setup on RHEL6 and wondering what i could be missing. I want to the LV to get be mount on reboot. Later I would want to replace it with UUID instead of the device name. Error message on reboot: "Give root password for maintenance (or type Control-D to continue):" Here are the steps from the beginning: [root@rhel6 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created [root@rhel6 ~]# vgcreate vg01 /dev/sdb Volume group "vg01" successfully created [root@rhel6 ~]# lvcreate --size 500M -n lvol1 vg01 Logical volume "lvol1" created [root@rhel6 ~]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/vg01/lvol1 VG Name vg01 LV UUID nX9DDe-ctqG-XCgO-2wcx-ddy4-i91Y-rZ5u91 LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 500.00 MiB Current LE 125 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:0 [root@rhel6 ~]# cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/vg01/lvol1 WARNING! ======== This will overwrite data on /dev/vg01/lvol1 irrevocably. Are you sure? (Type uppercase yes): YES Enter LUKS passphrase: Verify passphrase: [root@rhel6 ~]# mkdir /house [root@rhel6 ~]# cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/vg01/lvol1 house Enter passphrase for /dev/vg01/lvol1: [root@rhel6 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/house mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=1024 (log=0) Fragment size=1024 (log=0) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 127512 inodes, 509952 blocks 25497 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=1 Maximum filesystem blocks=67633152 63 block groups 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group 2024 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (8192 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 21 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. [root@rhel6 ~]# mount -t ext4 /dev/mapper/house /house PS: HERE I have successfully mounted: [root@rhel6 ~]# ls /house/ lost+found [root@rhel6 ~]# vim /etc/fstab -> as follow /dev/mapper/house /house ext4 defaults 1 2 [root@rhel6 ~]# vim /etc/crypttab -> entry as follows house /dev/vg01/lvol1 password [root@rhel6 ~]# mount -o remount /house [root@rhel6 ~]# ls /house/ lost+found [root@rhel6 ~]# umount /house/ [root@rhel6 ~]# mount -a -> SUCCESSFUL AGAIN [root@rhel6 ~]# ls /house/ lost+found Please let me know if I am missing anything here. Thanks in advance.

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• Missing over 100GB of Space on sda1 RHEL

  - by WifiGhost

  I have a server setup with a RAID 5 using (3) 500GB drives, 1 as a spare so unused in the RAID. So in my mind i start out with 990GB with the RAID 5 in place. When looking at DF or the built in disk space utility i only see a total of about 882GB, how can i find where the 100+GB went? How can i get it back? I've checked the RAID 5 BIOS and i see all the space. I've tried looking manually and through terminal commands with no luck. Filesystem - 1K-blocks - Used Available - Use% - Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_web-lv_root 838084192 48368700 747153060 7% / tmpfs 12104644 592 12104052 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 495844 121546 348698 26% /boot /dev/mapper/vg_web-lv_home 82569904 259136 78116468 1% /home Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_web-lv_root 800G 47G 713G 7% / tmpfs 12G 592K 12G 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 485M 119M 341M 26% /boot /dev/mapper/vg_web-lv_home 79G 254M 75G 1% /home

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• How can I log when reads to /dev/random block?

  - by ldrg

  I've noticed that since updating my server to Debian Squeeze the amount of entropy as reported by /proc/sys/kernel/random/entropy_avail is much lower than it was before the upgrade. I would like to know if this lower pool size is big enough to function with or if I need to look into getting more entropy sources. I think having a way to log blocking reads of /dev/random would show whether I have enough entropy or not.

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• Pinging an external server through OpenVPN tunnel doesn’t work

  - by qdii

  I have an OpenVPN server and a client, and I want to use this tunnel to access not only 10.0.8.0/24 but the whole internet. So far, pinging the server from the client through the tun0 interface works, and vice versa. However, pinging www.google.com from the client through tun0 doesn’t work (all packets are lost). I figured that I should configure the server so that any packet coming from tun0 in destination of the internet be forwarded, so I came up with this iptables config line: interface_connecting_to_the_internet='eth0' interface_openvpn='tun0' internet_ip_address=`ifconfig "$interface_connecting_to_the_internet" | sed -n s'/.*inet \([0-9.]*\).*/\1/p'` iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o "${interface_connecting_to_the_internet}" -j SNAT --to-source "${internet_ip_address}" echo '1' > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward Yet, this doesn’t work, the packets are still lost and I am wondering what could possibly be wrong with my setup. Some details: ip route gives on the server: default via 176.31.127.254 dev eth0 metric 3 10.8.0.0/24 via 10.8.0.2 dev tun0 10.8.0.2 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 10.8.0.1 127.0.0.0/8 via 127.0.0.1 dev lo 176.31.127.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 176.31.127.109 ip route gives on the client: default via 192.168.1.1 dev wlan0 proto static 10.8.0.1 via 10.8.0.5 dev tun0 10.8.0.5 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 10.8.0.6 127.0.0.0/8 via 127.0.0.1 dev lo scope link 192.168.1.0/24 dev wlan0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.109 client uses wifi adapter wlan0 and TUN adapter tun0. server uses ethernet adapter eth0 and TUN adapter tun0. the VPN spans on 10.0.8.0/24 both client and linux are using Linux 3.6.1.

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• Very poor read performance compared to write performance on md(raid1) / crypt(luks) / lvm

  - by Android5360

  I'm experiencing very poor read performance over raid1/crypt/lvm. In the same time, write speeds are about 2x+ faster on the same setup. On another raid1 setup on the same machine I get normal read speeds (maybe because I'm not using cryptsetup). OS related disks: sda + sdb. I have raid1 configuration with two disks, both are in place. I'm using LVM over the RAID. No encryption. Both disks are WD Green, 5400 rpm. IO test results on this raid1: dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/output.img3 bs=8k count=256k conv=fsync - 2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 22.3392 s, 96.1 MB/s sync echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches dd if=/tmp/output.img3 of=/dev/null bs=8k - 2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 15.9 s, 135 MB/s And here is the problematic setup (on the same machine). Currently I have only one sdc (WD Green, 5400rpm) configured in software raid1 + crypt (luks, serpent-xts-plain) + lvm. Tomorrow I will attach another disk (sdd) to complete this two-disk raid1 setup. IO tests results on this raid1: dd if=/dev/zero of=output.img3 bs=8k count=256k conv=fsync 2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 17.7235 s, 121 MB/s sync echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches dd if=output.img3 of=/dev/null bs=8k 2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 36.2454 s, 59.2 MB/s We can see that the read performance is very very bad (59MB/s compared to 135MB/s when using no encryption). Nothing is using the disks during benchmark. I can confirm this because I checked with iostat and dstat. Details on the hardware: disks: all are WD green, 5400rpm, 64mb cache. cpu: FX-8350 at stock speed ram: 4x4GB at 1066Mhz. Details on the software: OS: Debian Wheezy 7, amd64 mdadm: v3.2.5 - 18th May 2012 LVM version: 2.02.95(2) (2012-03-06) LVM Library version: 1.02.74 (2012-03-06) LVM Driver version: 4.22.0 cryptsetup: 1.4.3 Here is how I configured the slow raid1+crypt+lvm setup: parted /dev/sdc mklabel gpt type: ext4 start: 2048s end: -1 Now the raid, crypt and the lvm configuration: mdadm --create /dev/md1 --level=1 --raid-disks=2 missing /dev/sdc cryptsetup --cipher serpent-xts-plain luksFormat /dev/md1 cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/md1 md1_crypt vgcreate vg_sql /dev/mapper/md1_crypt lvcreate -l 100%VG vg_sql -n lv_sql mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg_sql-lv-sql mount /dev/mapper/vg_sql-lv_sql /sql So guys, can you help me identify the reason and fix it? It has to be something with the cryptsetup as there is no such read slowdown on the other setup (sda+sdb) where no encryption is present. But I have no idea what to do. Thanks!

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• Complete Active Directory redesign and GPO application

  - by Wolfgang Kuehne

  after much testing and hundreds of tries and hours invested I decided to consult you experts here. Overview: I want to apply some GPO to our users which will add some specific site to the Trusted Sites in Internet Explorer settings for all users. However, the more I try the more confusing the results become. The GPO is either applied to one group of users, or to another one. Finally, I came to the conclusion that this weird behavior is cause rather by the poor organization in Users and Groups in Active Directory. As such I want to kick the problem from the root: Redesign the Active Directory Users and Groups. Scenario: There is one Domain Controller, and we use Terminal Services (so there is a Terminal Server as well). Users usually log on to the Terminal Server using Remote Desktop to perform their daily tasks. I would classify the users in the following way: IT: Admins, Software Development Business: Administration, Management The current structure of the Active Directory Users and Groups is a result of the previous IT management. The company has used Small Business Server which has created multiple default user groups and containers. Unfortunately, the guys working before me have do no documentation at all. Now, as I inherit this structure I am in the no mans land. No idea which direction to head first. As you can see, the Active Directory User and Groups have become a bit confusing. There is no SBS anymore, but when migrating from SBS to the current Windows Server 2008 R2 environment the guys before me have simply copied the same structure. The real question: Where should I start cleaning from, ensuring that I won't break totally the current infrastructure? What is a nice organization for the scenario that I have explained above? Possible useful info for the current structure: Computers folder contains Terminal Services Computers user group Members: TerminalServer computer located at Server -> Terminalserver OU Member of: NONE Foreign Security Principals : EMPTY Managed Service Accounts : EMPTY Microsoft Exchange Security Groups : not sure if needed, our emails are administered by external service provider Distribution Groups : not sure if needed Security Groups : there are couple of groups which are needed SBS users : contains all the users Terminalserver : contains only the TerminalServer machine

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• what is the difference between Android Dev Phone and other phones on market?

  - by Praveen Chandrasekaran

  what is the difference between Android Dev Phone and other phones on market like g1,nexus,hero,etc? which one is better to buy for the devloper? review it features plz.

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• framebuffer not available. How to install the device /dev/fb/0 on Ubuntu?

  - by Aleyna

  I am trying to run an application that uses framebuffer on 2.6.31-14-generic #48-Ubuntu. All need to do is to install a framebuffer device to get rid of the following error. /dev/fb/0: No such file or directory framebuffer not available. FATAL: no framebuffer available I googled through and found some resources indicating to do that on Grub2 I got nothing though I followed them seamlessly. Any ideas? Thanks

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• GRUB reporting wrong partition type

  - by plok

  It all started when I had to replace one of the disks that the software RAID 1 on this machine currently uses. From that moment on I have not been able to boot to the Windows XP that is installed on the fourth hard drive, /dev/sdd. I am almost positive that the problem is related not to Windows but to GRUB, as if I unplug all the other hard drives so that the Windows XP disk is now /dev/sda it boots with no problem. The problem seems to be that GRUB detects a wrong partition type, which I understand suggest that something is really messed up. This is what I get when I try to follow the steps that until now had worked like a charm: grub> map (hd0) (hd3) grub> map (hd3) (hd0) grub> root (hd3,0) Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0xfd 0xfd? That doesn't make sense. /dev/sdb and sdc are 0xfd (Linux raid), but not /dev/sdd: edel:~# fdisk -l [...] Disk /dev/sdd: 250.0 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00048d89 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 * 1 30400 244187968+ 7 HPFS/NTFS edel:/boot/grub# cat device.map (hd0) /dev/sda (hd1) /dev/sdb (hd2) /dev/sdc (hd3) /dev/sdd I have been trying to work this out for hours, to no avail. Can anyone point me in the right direction?

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• Permission denied problem in Freenas + Transmission

  - by Torbjörn Karlsson

  Running Freenas 0.7.2 (5543) and Transmission 2.11 The problem it that i can not save a torrent where ever i want.. For example... I can save in: /nmt/1-500gb/Tv/dexter but i can not save in /nmt/4-1000gb/tv/Lost When i try to save in the lost folder I get a permission denied error in the Web interface. But when I try to save the same torrent file in the dexter folder everything works fine... This is probably an easy thing to fix, but I'm new to Freenas. The user name for Transmission is TorrentUser if that helps. Now I find out that I can not browse the disk in Quixplorer.. I can browse nmt/4-1000gb/ but not /nmt/1-500gb When I try to browse the nmt/4-1000gb/ I get Unable to read directory $ mount /dev/md0 on / (ufs, local) devfs on /dev (devfs, local) procfs on /proc (procfs, local) /dev/fuse1 on /mnt/5 - 500gb (fusefs, local, synchronous) /dev/fuse2 on /mnt/2 - 1000gb (fusefs, local, synchronous) /dev/fuse3 on /mnt/3 - 1000gb (fusefs, local, synchronous) /dev/fuse4 on /mnt/4 - 1000gb (fusefs, local, synchronous) /dev/fuse5 on /mnt/320GB - USB (fusefs, local, synchronous) /dev/md1 on /var (ufs, local) /dev/da0a on /cf (ufs, local, read-only) /dev/fuse0 on /mnt/1 - 500gb (fusefs, local, synchronous) Dont work : 1 - 500gb 2 - 1000gb 3 - 1000gb Works: 320GB - USB 4 - 1000gb 5 - 500gb And this 3 disk is the same disks that I can save my torrents to. Ps. Every disk works perfect when i use ftp...

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• Partition table corrupted (USB flash drive)

  - by 13ren

  It's an 8 GB Patriot thumb drive, which I've used extensively with lots of data. Today, it is detected, but all data is gone: (EDIT at least some data is still there, but the partition table is gone) EDIT @Sathya (thanks) here's the relevant output from sudo fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sdc: 8019 MB, 8019509248 bytes 247 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1022 cylinders Units = cylinders of 15314 * 512 = 7840768 bytes Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table It looks like it is /dev/sdc, with that 8 GB... and no partition table. I tried to mount /dev/sdc (and then dmesg | tail): /media> sudo mount /dev/sdc mytmp mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdc, missing codepage or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so /media> dmesg | tail [ 24.300000] sdc: unknown partition table [ 24.320000] sd 2:0:0:0: Attached scsi removable disk sdc [ 24.370000] usb-storage: device scan complete [ 26.870000] EXT2-fs error (device sdc): ext2_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 1 not in group (block 0)! [ 26.870000] EXT2-fs: group descriptors corrupted! [ 50.420000] unhashed dentry being revalidated: .DCOPserver_eeepc-brendanma__0 [ 50.430000] unhashed dentry being revalidated: .DCOPserver_eeepc-brendanma__0 [ 50.430000] unhashed dentry being revalidated: .DCOPserver_eeepc-brendanma__0 [ 5565.470000] EXT2-fs error (device sdc): ext2_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 1 not in group (block 0)! [ 5565.470000] EXT2-fs: group descriptors corrupted! EDIT @Col: results from testdisk Disk /dev/sdc - 8013 MB / 7642 MiB - CHS 1022 247 62 Current partition structure: Partition Start End Size in sectors Partition sector doesn't have the endmark 0xAA55 After I hit [proceed], it says: Structure: Ok. Keys A: add partition, L: load backup, Enter: to continue The "Structure: Ok." seems reassuring... will "A: add partition" make my old data accessible (if it's still there), or will it make a new, fresh partition? Another option is "[ MBR Code ] Write TestDisk MBR code to first sector" - would it be better to do this? EDIT I found that at least some of my data is still on the flash drive, by using the below, and searching for English text in less (like " the "): cat /dev/sde | tr -cd '\11\12\40\1540-\176' | less (The drive changed from "/dev/sdb" to "/dev/sde" because I connected some extra drives today). I've learnt that "/dev/sde1" would be the first partition; and "/dev/sde" is the whole drive. Because unix treats these devices just like files, you can use all the ordinary unix file commands on them, like cat, and then process them like any other stream of data. The tr above removes non-printable characters ("\40" is space, which I wanted to preserve). In less, you can use "/" to search, similar to Vim. How can I get my data back (assuming it's still there)? If only the partition table is corrupted, is there a standard "partition recovery tool"? Is there a way to "repartition" without deleting everything?

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