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• Most efficient Implementation a Tree in C++

  - by Topo

  I need to write a tree where each element may have any number of child elements, and because of this each branch of the tree may have any length. The tree is only going to receive elements at first and then it is going to use exclusively for iterating though it's branches in no specific order. The tree will have several million elements and must be fast but also memory efficient. My plan makes a node class to store the elements and the pointers to its children. When the tree is fully constructed, it would be transformed it to an array or something faster and if possible, loaded to the processor's cache. Construction and the search on the tree are two different problems. Can I focus on how to solve each problem on the best way individually? The construction of has to be as fast as possible but it can use memory as it pleases. Then the transformation into a format that give us speed when iterating the tree's branches. This should preferably be an array to avoid going back and forth from RAM to cache in each element of the tree. So the real question is which is the structure to implement a tree to maximize insert speed, how can I transform it to a structure that gives me the best speed and memory?

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• Understanding Application binary interface (ABI)

  - by Tim

  I am trying to understand the concept of Application binary interface (ABI). From The Linux Kernel Primer: An ABI is a set of conventions that allows a linker to combine separately compiled modules into one unit without recompilation, such as calling conventions, machine interface, and operating-system interface. Among other things, an ABI defines the binary interface between these units. ... The benefits of conforming to an ABI are that it allows linking object files compiled by different compilers. From Wikipedia: an application binary interface (ABI) describes the low-level interface between an application (or any type of) program and the operating system or another application. ABIs cover details such as data type, size, and alignment; the calling convention, which controls how functions' arguments are passed and return values retrieved; the system call numbers and how an application should make system calls to the operating system; and in the case of a complete operating system ABI, the binary format of object files, program libraries and so on. I was wondering whether ABI depends on both the instruction set and the OS. Are the two all that ABI depends on? What kinds of role does ABI play in different stages of compilation: preprocessing, conversion of code from C to Assembly, conversion of code from Assembly to Machine code, and linking? From the first quote above, it seems to me that ABI is needed for only linking stage, not the other stages. Is it correct? When is ABI needed to be considered? Is ABI needed to be considered during programming in C, Assembly or other languages? If yes, how are ABI and API different? Or is it only for linker or compiler? Is ABI specified for/in machine code, Assembly language, and/or of C?

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• Naming conventions: camelCase versus underscore_case ? what are your thoughts about it?

  - by poelinca

  I've been using underscore_case for about 2 years and I recently switched to camelCase because of the new job (been using the later one for about 2 months and I still think underscore_case is better suited for large projects where there are alot of programmers involved, mainly because the code is easyer to read). Now everybody at work uses camelCase because (so they say) the code looks more elegant . What are you're thoughts about camelCase or underscore_case p.s. please excuse my bad english Edit Some update first: platform used is PHP (but I'm not expecting strict PHP platform related answers , anybody can share their thoughts on which would be the best to use , that's why I came here in the first place) I use camelCase just as everibody else in the team (just as most of you recomend) we use Zend Framework which also recommends camelCase Some examples (related to PHP) : Codeigniter framework recommends underscore_case , and honestly the code is easier to read . ZF recomends camelCase and I'm not the only one who thinks ZF code is a tad harder to follow through. So my question would be rephrased: Let's take a case where you have the platform Foo which doesn't recommend any naming conventions and it's the team leader's choice to pick one. You are that team leader, why would you pick camelCase or why underscore_case? p.s. thanks everybody for the prompt answers so far

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• Webservice Return Generic Result Type or Purposed Result Type

  - by hanzolo

  I'm building a webservice which returns JSON / XML / SOAP at the moment.. and I'm not entirely sure which approach for returning results is best. Which would be a better return value? A generic "transfer" type structure, which carries Generic properties or a purposed type with distinct properties: class GenericTransferObject{ public string returnVal; public string returnType; } VS class PurposedTransferObject_1{ public string Property1; } //and then building additional "types" for additional values class PurposedTransferObject_2 { public string PropertyA; public string PropertyB; } Now, this would be the serialized and returned from a web service call via some client technology, JQuery in this example. SO if I called: /GetDaysInWeek/ I would either get back: {"returnType": "DaysInWeek", "returnVal": "365" } OR {"DaysInWeek": "365"} And then it would go from there. On the one hand there's flexibilty with the 1st example. I can add "returnTypes" without needing to adjust the client other than referencing an additional "index".. but if I had to add a property, now i'm changing a structure definition.. Is there an obvious choice in this situation?

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• ASP.NET design not SOLID

  - by w0051977

  SOLID principles are described here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOLID_%28object-oriented_design%29 I am developing a large ASP.NET app. The previous developer created a few very large classes each with lots of different purposes. It is very difficult to maintain and extend. The classes are deployed to the web server along with the code behind files etc. I want to share a small amount of the app with another application. I am considering moving all of the classes of the ASP.NET web app to a DLL, so the small subset of functionality can be shared. I realise it would be better to only share the classes which contain code to be shared but because of the dependencies this is proving to be very difficult e.g. class A contains code that should be shared, however class A contains references to classes B, C, D, E, F, G etc, so class A cannot be shared on its own. I am planning to refactor the code in the future. As a temporary solution I am planning to convert all the classes into a single class library. Is this a bad idea and if so, is there an alternative? as I don't have time to refactor at the moment.

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• Attributes of an Ethical Programmer?

  - by ahmed

  Software that we write has ramifications in the real world. If not, it wouldn't be very useful. Thus, it has the potential to sweep across the world faster than a deadly manmade virus or to affect society every bit as much as genetic manipulation. Maybe we can't see how right now, but in the future our code will have ever-greater potential for harm or good. Of course, there's the issue of hacking. That's clearly a crime. Or is it that clear? Isn't hacking acceptable for our government in the event of national security? What about for other governments? Cases of life-and-death emergency? Tracking down deadbeat parents? Screening the genetic profile of job candidates? Where is the line drawn? Who decides? Do programmers have responsibility for how their code is used? What if a programmer writes code to pry into confidential information or copy-protected material? Does he bear responsibility along with the person who used the program? What about a programmer who knowingly or unknowingly writes code to "fix the books?" Should he be liable?

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• With the outcome of the Oracle vs Google trial, does that mean Mono is now safe from Microsoft [closed]

  - by Evan Plaice

  According to the an article on ArsTechnica the judge of the case ruled that APIs are not patent-able. He referred to the structure of modules/methods/classes/functions as being like libraries/books/chapters. To patent an API would be putting a patent on thought itself. It's the internal implementations that really matter. With that in mind, Mono (C# clone for Linux/Mac) has always been viewed tentatively because, even though C# and the CLI are ECMA standards, Microsoft holds a patent on the technology. Microsoft holds a covenant not to sue open source developers based on their patents but has maintained the ability to pull the plug on the Mono development team if they felt the project was a threat. With the recent ruling, is Mono finally out of the woods. A firm precedent has been established that patents can't be applied to APIs. From what I understand, none of the Mono implementation is copied verbatim, only the API structure and functionality. It's a topic I have been personally interested in for years now as I have spent a lot of time developing cross-platform C# libraries in MonoDevelop. I acknowledge that this is a controversial topic, if you have opinions that's what commenting is for. Try to keep the answers factual and based on established sources.

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• Database and query to store and retreive friend list [migrated]

  - by amr Kamboj

  I am developing a module in website to save and retreive friend list. I am using Zend Framework and for DB handling I am using Doctrine(ORM). There are two models: 1) users that stores all the users 2) my_friends that stores the friend list (that is refference table with M:M relation of user) the structure of my_friends is following ...id..........user_id............friend_id........approved.... ...10.........20 ..................25...................1.......... ...10.........21 ..................25...................1.......... ...10.........22 ..................30...................1.......... ...10.........25 ..................30...................1.......... The Doctrine query to retreive friend list id follwing $friends = Doctrine_Query::create()->from('my_friends as mf') ->leftJoin('mf.users as friend') ->where("mf.user_id = 25") ->andWhere("mf.approved = 1"); Suppose I am viewing the user no.- 25. With this query I am only getting the user no.- 30. where as user no.- 25 is also approved friend of user no.- 20 and 21. Please guide me, what should be the query to find all friend and is there any need to change the DB structure.

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• Architecture of a "website generator" web application

  - by Resorath

  What is the most maintainable and efficient way to architect a web application who's purpose is to host and generate websites which can be customized to a certain degree? There are a lot of these style of applications in the wild that generate all kinds of sites, from sites that host World of Warcraft guilds like guildlaunch to other sites like my wedding for wedding site hosting. My question is, what is the basic architecture that these sites operate on? I imagine there are two ways of thinking about this. A central set of code that all sites on the host run against, and it acts differently based on which site was visited. In this manner, when the base code is updated all sites are updated simultaneously. Or, the code for an individual site exists in a silo, and is simply replicated to a new directory each time a site is created. When an update needs to be applied, the code is pushed out to each site silo. In my case, I am working in PHP with the CodeIgniter framework, however the answer need not be limited to this case. Which method (if any) creates a more maintainable and efficient architecture to manage this style of web application?

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• Almost working 2D Collisions

  - by TheGag96

  I'm terribly sorry I'm asking this question YET AGAIN, but I can almost guarantee that this will be the last time I'll have to ask. I'm currently on the verge of FINALLY getting these collisions to work for my game, made with libGDX in Java. My collisions use the same method as (and are basically copied and modified code from) the XNA Platformer example (here) where the direction of the collision is based on the rectangle where two objects are overlapping. The collisions themselves almost work perfectly, but for some reason, holding down/up and left and colliding with the floor/ceiling while doing so doesn't seem to work well. I'm not at all sure why. Instead of vaguely giving my problem and snippets of code, I've decided to instead provide a binary and the source of the game I have so far so you can see for yourself what my problem is. Link. (Note: make sure you unzip everything into a folder somewhere or it will not work) You'll find the collision code in the method workingCollisions() in Link.java. Please excuse the messy code and terrible graphics as this whole thing is in pre-pre-alpha. If anyone is kind enough and helps me out here, you are the best person ever. I'm completely desperate; I've been trying this on and off for months and I just can't get it to work. I cannot thank you enough.

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• Why is a software development life-cycle so inefficient?

  - by user87166

  Currently the software development lifecycle followed in the IT company I work at is: The "Business" works with a solution manager to build a Business Requirement document The solution manager works with the Program manager to build a Functional Spec The PM works with the engineering lead to develop a release plan and with the engineering team to develop technical specifications If there are any clarifications required, developers contact the PM who contacts the solution manager who contacts the business and all the way back introducing a latency of nearly 24 hours and massive email chains for any clarifications By the time the tech spec is made, nearly 1 month has passed in back and forth Now, 2 weeks go to development while the test writes test cases Code is dropped formally to test, test starts raising bugs. Even if there is 1 root cause for 10 different issues, and its an easily fixed one, developers are not allowed to give fresh code to test for the next 1 week. After 2-3 such drops to test the code is given to the ops team as a "golden drop" ( 2 months passed from the beginning) Ops team will now deploy the code in a staging environment. If it runs stable for a week, it will be promoted to UAT and after 2 weeks of that it will be promoted to prod. If there are any bugs found here, well, applying for a visa requires less paperwork This entire process is followed even if a single SSRS report is to be released. How do other companies process such requirements? I'm wondering why, the business cannot just drop the requirements to developers, developers build and deploy to UAT themselves, expose it to the business who raise functional bugs and after fixing those promote to prod. (even for more complex stuff)

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• OpenGL Application displays only 1 frame

  - by Avi

  EDIT: I have verified that the problem is not the VBO class or the vertex array class, but rather something else. I have a problem where my vertex buffer class works the first time its called, but displays nothing any other time its called. I don't know why this is, and it's also the same in my vertex array class. I'm calling the functions in this order to set up the buffers: enable client states bind buffers set buffer / array data unbind buffers disable client states Then in the draw function, that's called every frame: enable client states bind buffers set pointers unbind buffers bind index buffer draw elements unbind index buffer disable client states Is there something wrong with the order in which I'm calling the functions, or is it a more specific code error? EDIT: here's some of the code Code for setting pointers: //element is the vertex attribute being drawn (e.g. normals, colors, etc.) static void makeElementPointer(VertexBufferElements::VBOElement element, Shader *shade, void *elementLocation) { //elementLocation is BUFFER_OFFSET(n) if a buffer is bound switch (element) { .... glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, elementLocation); //changes based on element .... //but I'm only dealing with } //vertices for now } And that's basically all the code that isn't just a straight OpenGL function call.

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• keyPressed is not working after adding ActionListener to JButton

  - by Yehonatan

  I have a serious problem while trying to build a menu for my game. I've added two JButton to a main JPanel and added an ActionListener for each of them. The main JPanel also contains the game JPanel which have the keyPressed method inside keyController. That's how it looks - Main -       JPanel -         JButton, JButton,         JPanel which contains the game and keyPressed function inside KeyController class which worked fine before I added the ActionListener for JButton. For some reason after I added an ActionListener for each of the button, the game JPanel is not getting any keyPreseed events nor KeyRealesed. Does anyone know the solution for my situation? Thank you very much! Main window - Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in); JFrame f = new JFrame("Square V.S Circles"); f.setUndecorated(true); f.setResizable(false); f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE); f.add(new JPanelHandler()); f.pack(); f.setVisible(true); f.setLocationRelativeTo(null); JPanelHandler(main JPanel) - super.setFocusable(true); JButton mybutton = new JButton("Quit"); JButton sayhi = new JButton("Say hi"); sayhi.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { System.out.println("Hi"); } }); mybutton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { System.exit(0); } }); add(mybutton); add(sayhi); add(new Board(2)); Board KeyController(The code inside is working so it's unnecessary to put it here) - private class KeyController extends KeyAdapter { public KeyController() { ..Code } @Override public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) { ...Code } @Override public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e){ ...Code } }

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• OpenGL doesn't draw (3.3+) [on hold]

  - by Dhiego Magalhães

  Brief: I've been following this tutorial about OpenGL for 2 days, and I still can't have a triangle drawn, so I'm asking for help here. The tutorial is turned to OpenGL version 3.3 programing, using vertex arrays, buffers, etc. The libraries are: GLFW3 and GLEW, and I setted them by myself. The screen keeps black all the time. Full code: link here (It's just like a Hello World opengl program) Further Details: I get no errors at all. I downloaded a software to test my video card, and it supports OpenGL 4.1+ Standard OpenGL code for drawing (from earlier version) such as this one works normally. I'm using Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0 I presume all the OpenGL implementation was dune right: I added Additional Dependences to the linker as glew32.lib, opengl32.lib, glfw3.lib. The glew.dll was placed at SysWOW64 - because I'm running window 64bits, and glew is 32. Notes: I've been working hard to find out what this is, but I can't find. I would appreciate if anyone could test this code for me, so I can know if I implemented something wrong, and that its not my code.

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• Developing my momentum on open source projects

  - by sashang

  Hi I've been struggling to develop momentum contributing to open source projects. I have in the past tried with gcc and contributed a fix to libstdc++ but it was a once off and even though I spent months in my spare time on the dev mailing list and reading through things I just never seemed to develop any momentum with the code. Eventually I unsubscribed and got my free time back and uncluttered my mailbox. Like a lot of people I have some little open source defunct projects lying around on the net, but they're not large and I'm the only contributor. At the moment I'm more interested in contributing to a large open source project and want to know how people got started because I find it difficult while working full time to develop any momentum with the code base. Other more regular contributors, who are on the project full-time, are able to make changes at will and as result enter that positive feedback cycle where they understand the code and also know where it's heading. It makes the barrier to entry higher for those that come along later. My questions are to people who actively contribute to large opensource projects, like the Linux kernel, or gcc or clang/llvm or anything else with say a developer head count of more than 10. How did you get started? Was there a large chunk of time in your life that you just could dedicate to working on the project? I know in Linus's case he had a chunk of time (6 months) to get it started. What barriers to entry did you encounter? Can you describe the initial stages of the time spent with the project, from when you had little understanding of the code to when you understood enough to commit regularly. Thanks

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• How do you make slides for programming talks?

  - by Yuvi Masory

  I've given a few talks recently and I have not found a good way to make slides. Here are a few desirable characteristics for programming slides: They're slides. A standard emacs buffer won't do it. They have syntax highlighting for code. They support basic formatting, like font size and color and bullets. No fancy animations needed. The only animation I desire is one-by-one appearance of bullets. So far I have considered: Microsoft Office - out of the question for Linux users. OpenOffice.org - too much for my needs, code formatting/highlighting needs to be done externally and pasted in. On the plus side supports bullets, bullet-by-bullet animation, and font formatting. Emacs - Supports all the code formatting but I haven't found a slides mode that lets me transition from one chunk to another. HTML5 - I once made slides using html5rocks as a template. It supports everything, but is too hard and time-consuming the "throw together" a few slides before a minor talk. Also the html5-only features may not work on the podium computer's installed browser. Any suggestions for programs/techniques for making code-centric presentations?

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• Indie devs working with publishers

  - by MrDatabase

  I'm an independent game developer considering working with a publisher. This question is very informative however I have more questions. Please give feedback on the following issues... I think this can be helpful to many indie devs in the same situation. Source code: is it common for developers to give the publisher the source code? Code quality: does this matter when working with a publisher any more so than when just working on your own (or in a small team)? Just wondering if developers working for the publisher might scoff at the code quality and perhaps influence the relationship between developer and publisher. Unique game concepts: are publishers generally biased towards new/novel game concepts? Intellectual property: if I send a playable demo to a publisher what's to stop them from just reproducing the new/novel game mechanic? I think the answer is basically nothing... but I'm wondering if this is a realistic concern. Revenue sharing: how does it work? what's a common ratio? 70/30? 30/70? Flaky publishers: how common is it for a publisher to "string along" developers for a while then just drop them? Can this be reconciled with a contract of some kind? And any other issues you've encountered or heard of.

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• Loading images in XNA 4.0; "Cannot Open File" Problems

  - by user32623

  Okay, I'm writing a game in C#/XNA 4.0 and am utterly stumped at my current juncture: Sprite animation. I understand how it works and have all the code in place, but my ContentLoader won't open my file... Basically, my directory looks like this: //WindowsGame1 - "Game1.cs" - //Classes - "NPC.cs" - Content Reference - //Images - "Monster.png" Inside my NPC class, I have all the essential drawing functions, i.e. LoadContent, Draw, Update. And I can get the game to find the correct file and attempt to open it, but when it tries, it throws an exception and tells me it can't open the file. This is how my code in my NPC class looks: Texture2D NPCImage; Vector2 NPCPosition; Animation NPCAnimation = new Animation(); public void Initialize() { NPCAnimation.Initialize(NPCPosition, new Vector2(4, 4)); } public void LoadContent(ContentManager Content) { NPCImage = Content.Load<Texture2D>("_InsertImageFilePathHere_"); NPCAnimation.AnimationImage = NPCImage; } The rest of the code is irrelevant at this point because I can't even get the image to load. I think it might have to do with a directory problem, but I also know little to nothing about spriting or working with images or animations in my code. Any help is appreciated. Not sure if I provided enough information here, so let me know if more is needed! Also, what would be the correct way to direct that Content.Load to Monster.png given the current directory situation? Right now I just have it using the full path from the C:// drive. Thanks in advance!

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• decent use-case for goto in c?

  - by Robz

  I really hesitate to ask this, because I don't want to "solicit debate, arguments, polling, or extended discussion" but I'm new to C and want to gain more insight into common patterns used in the language. I recently heard some distaste for the goto command, but I've also recently found a decent use-case for it. Code like this: error = function_that_could_fail_1(); if (!error) { error = function_that_could_fail_2(); if (!error) { error = function_that_could_fail_3(); ...to the n-th tab level! } else { // deal with error, clean up, and return error code } } else { // deal with error, clean up, and return error code } If the clean-up part is all very similar, could be written a little prettier (my opinion?) like this: error = function_that_could_fail_1(); if(error) { goto cleanup; } error = function_that_could_fail_2(); if(error) { goto cleanup; } error = function_that_could_fail_3(); if(error) { goto cleanup; } ... cleanup: // deal with error if it exists, clean up // return error code Is this a common or acceptable use-case of goto in C? Is there a different/better way to do this?

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• Software Manager who makes developers do Project Management

  - by hdman

  I'm a software developer working in an embedded systems company. We have a Project Manager, who takes care of the overall project schedule (including electrical, quality, software and manufacturing) hence his software schedule is very brief. We also have a Software Manager, who's my boss. He makes me write and maintain the software schedule, design documents (high and low level design), SRS, change management, verification plans and reports, release management, reviews, and ofcourse the software. We only have one Test Engineer for the whole software team (10 members), and at any given time, there are a couple of projects going on. I'm spending 80% of my time making these documents. My boss comes from a Process background, and believes what we need is better documentation to improve software: (1) He considers the design to be paramount, coding is "just writing the design down", it shouldn't take too long, and "all the code should be written before the hardware is ready". (2) Doesn't understand the difference between a Central & Distributed Version control, even after we told him its easier to collaborate with a distributed model. (3) Doesn't understand code, and wants to understand every bug and its proposed solution. (4) Believes verification should be done by developer, and validation by the Tester. Thing is though, our verification only checks if implementation is correct (we don't write unit tests, its never considered in the schedule), and validation is black box testing, so the units tests are missing. I'm really confused. (1) Am I responsible for maintaining all these documents? It makes me feel like I'm doing the Software Project Management, in essence. (2) I don't really like creating documents, I want to solve problems and write code. In my experience, creating design documents only helps to an extent, its never the solution to better or faster code. (3) I feel the boss doesn't really care about making better products, but only about being a good manager in the eyes of the management. What can I do?

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• How should I start refactoring my mostly-procedural C++ application?

  - by oob

  We have a program written in C++ that is mostly procedural, but we do use some C++ containers from the standard library (vector, map, list, etc). We are constantly making changes to this code, so I wouldn't call it a stagnant piece of legacy code that we can just wrap up. There are a lot of issues with this code making it harder and harder for us to make changes, but I see the three biggest issues being: Many of the functions do more (way more) than one thing We violate the DRY principle left and right We have global variables and global state up the wazoo. I was thinking we should attack areas 1 and 2 first. Along the way, we can "de-globalize" our smaller functions from the bottom up by passing in information that is currently global as parameters to the lower level functions from the higher level functions and then concentrate on figuring out how to removing the need for global variables as much as possible. I just finished reading Code Complete 2 and The Pragmatic Programmer, and I learned a lot, but I am feeling overwhelmed. I would like to implement unit testing, change from a procedural to OO approach, automate testing, use a better logging system, fully validate all input, implement better error handling and many other things, but I know if we start all this at once, we would screw ourselves. I am thinking the three I listed are the most important to start with. Any suggestions are welcome. We are a team of two programmers mostly with experience with in-house scripting. It is going to be hard to justify taking the time to refactor, especially if we can't bill the time to a client. Believe it or not, this project has been successful enough to keep us busy full time and also keep several consultants busy using it for client work.

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• Tail-recursive implementation of take-while

  - by Giorgio

  I am trying to write a tail-recursive implementation of the function take-while in Scheme (but this exercise can be done in another language as well). My first attempt was (define (take-while p xs) (if (or (null? xs) (not (p (car xs)))) '() (cons (car xs) (take-while p (cdr xs))))) which works correctly but is not tail-recursive. My next attempt was (define (take-while-tr p xs) (let loop ((acc '()) (ys xs)) (if (or (null? ys) (not (p (car ys)))) (reverse acc) (loop (cons (car ys) acc) (cdr ys))))) which is tail recursive but needs a call to reverse as a last step in order to return the result list in the proper order. I cannot come up with a solution that is tail-recursive, does not use reverse, only uses lists as data structure (using a functional data structure like a Haskell's sequence which allows to append elements is not an option), has complexity linear in the size of the prefix, or at least does not have quadratic complexity (thanks to delnan for pointing this out). Is there an alternative solution satisfying all the properties above? My intuition tells me that it is impossible to accumulate the prefix of a list in a tail-recursive fashion while maintaining the original order between the elements (i.e. without the need of using reverse to adjust the result) but I am not able to prove this. Note The solution using reverse satisfies conditions 1, 3, 4.

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• ERROR #342: DEVICE_SHADER_LINKAGE_SEMANTICNAME_NOT_FOUND

  - by Telanor

  I've stared at this for at least half an hour now and I cannot figure out what directx is complaining about. I know this error normally means you put float3 instead of a float4 or something like that, but I've checked over and over and as far as I can tell, everything matches. This is the full error message: D3D11: ERROR: ID3D11DeviceContext::DrawIndexed: Input Assembler - Vertex Shader linkage error: Signatures between stages are incompatible. The input stage requires Semantic/Index (COLOR,0) as input, but it is not provided by the output stage. [ EXECUTION ERROR #342: DEVICE_SHADER_LINKAGE_SEMANTICNAME_NOT_FOUND ] This is the vertex shader's input signature as seen in PIX: // Input signature: // // Name Index Mask Register SysValue Format Used // -------------------- ----- ------ -------- -------- ------ ------ // POSITION 0 xyz 0 NONE float xyz // NORMAL 0 xyz 1 NONE float // COLOR 0 xyzw 2 NONE float The HLSL structure looks like this: struct VertexShaderInput { float3 Position : POSITION0; float3 Normal : NORMAL0; float4 Color: COLOR0; }; The input layout, from PIX, is: The C# structure holding the data looks like this: [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct PositionColored { public static int SizeInBytes = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(PositionColored)); public static InputElement[] InputElements = new[] { new InputElement("POSITION", 0, Format.R32G32B32_Float, 0), new InputElement("NORMAL", 0, Format.R32G32B32_Float, 0), new InputElement("COLOR", 0, Format.R32G32B32A32_Float, 0) }; Vector3 position; Vector3 normal; Vector4 color; #region Properties ... #endregion public PositionColored(Vector3 position, Vector3 normal, Vector4 color) { this.position = position; this.normal = normal; this.color = color; } public override string ToString() { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(base.ToString()); sb.Append(" Position="); sb.Append(position); sb.Append(" Color="); sb.Append(Color); return sb.ToString(); } } SizeInBytes comes out to 40, which is correct (4*3 + 4*3 + 4*4 = 40). Can anyone find where the mistake is?

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• Get to No as fast as possible

  - by Tim Hibbard

  There is a sales technique where the strategy is to get the customer to say “No deal” as soon as possible.  The idea being that by establishing terms that your customer is not comfortable with with, the sooner you can figure out what they will be willing to agree to.  The same principal can be applied to code design.  Instead of nested if…then statements, a code block should quickly eliminate the cases it is not equipped to handle and just focus on what it is meant to handle. This is code that will quickly become maintainable as requirements change: private void SaveClient(Client c) { if (c != null) { if (c.BirthDate != DateTime.MinValue) { foreach (Sale s in c.Sales) { if (s.IsProcessed) { SaveSaleToDatabase(s); } } SaveClientToDatabase(c); } } }   If an additional requirement comes along that requires the Client to have Manager approval or for a Sale to be under $20K, this code will get messy and unreadable. A better way to meet the same requirements would be: private void SaveClient(Client c) { if (c == null) { return; } if (c.BirthDate == DateTime.MinValue) { return; }   foreach (Sale s in c.Save) { if (!s.IsProcessed) { continue; } SaveSaleToDatabase(s); } SaveClientToDatabase(c); } This technique moves on quickly when it finds something it doesn’t like.  This makes it much easier to add a Manager approval constraint.  We would just insert the new requirement before the action takes place.

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• Best way: restructure an existing Team Foundation Server (TFS) solution

  - by dhh

  In my department we are developing several smaller AddOns for some unified communication server. For versioning and distributed development we use a Team Foundation Server 2012. But: there is only one large TFS solution for all of our applications and libraries: Main Solution Applications App 1 App 2 App 3 Externals Libraries Lib 1 Lib 2 Tools The "Application" path contains all main applications. Those are not depending on each other, but they depend on the Libraries and Externals projects. The "Externals" path contains some external DLLs referenced in our Applications and Libraries. The Libraries path contains commonly used libs (UI templates, Helper classes, etc.). They do not depend on each other and they are referenced in the Libraries and the Tools projects. The Tools path contains some helper programs like setup helpers, update web services, etc. Now, there's some major points why I'd like to change this structure: We can't use server builds. It's uncomfortable to manage TFS scrum management with sprints, impediments, etc. with a solution structure like that. Every developer always has access to all projects in the solution. A complete build lasts too long if one accidentally hits [F6] in Visual Studio... What would you change in this solution? How would you break those projects into smaller Solutions, how should those solutions be structured. My first approach would be, to create one TFS project for each Application, Library and Tool. But how can I ensure that e.g. App 2 always contains the newest version of Lib 1? Do I have to monitor changes on Lib 1 and update App 2 manually as soon as the Lib changes? Or can I somehow force Visual Studio to always use the newest version of an external project somehow?

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