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  • Optimal Compression for Speech

    - by ashes999
    I'm designing a game that depends heavily on audio; I will have some 300+ speech files (most of them just a word or two long). This can very quickly escalate the size of my final game. What's the optimal way to encode/compress speech files to keep the size minimal without getting audio artifacts? Please address both per-file compression/encoding, and also zipping/compressing the set of all speech files together in your answer. Because I'm not sure which (or combination of both) factors will give me the best results. Edit: I need this to run in Silverlight and Android, so I'm presumably stuck with only MP3 as my option (other than uncompressed wave files).

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  • How can I gain access to a player instance in a Minecraft mod?

    - by Andrew Graber
    I'm creating Minecraft mod with a pickaxe that takes away experience when you break a block. The method for taking away experience from a player is addExperience on EntityPlayer, so I need to get an instance of EntityPlayer for the player using my pickaxe when the pickaxe breaks a block, so that I can remove the appropriate amount of experience. My pickaxe class currently looks like this: public class ExperiencePickaxe extends ItemPickaxe { public ExperiencePickaxe(int ItemID, EnumToolMaterial material){ super(ItemID, material); } public boolean onBlockDestroyed(ItemStack par1ItemStack, World par2World, int par3, int par4, int par5, int par6, EntityLiving par7EntityLiving) { if ((double)Block.blocksList[par3].getBlockHardness(par2World, par4, par5, par6) != 0.0D) { EntityPlayer e = new EntityPlayer(); // create an instance e.addExperience(-1); } return true; } } Obviously, I cannot actually create a new EntityPlayer since it is an abstract class. How can I get access to the player using my pickaxe?

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  • Why won't my vertex buffer render in GLFW3?

    - by sm81095
    I have started to try to learn OpenGL, and I decided to use GLFW to assist in window creation. The problem is, since GLFW3 is so new, there are no tutorials on it or how to use it with modern OpenGL (3.3, specifically). Using the GLFW3 tutorial found on the website, which uses older OpenGL rendering (glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES), glVertex3f(), and such), I can get a triangle to render to the screen. The problem is, using new OpenGL, I can't get the same triangle to render to the screen. I am new to OpenGL, and GLFW3 is new to most people, so I may be completely missing something obvious, but here is my code: static const GLuint g_vertex_buffer_data[] = { -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f }; int main(void) { GLFWwindow* window; if(!glfwInit()) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize GLFW."); return -1; } glfwWindowHint(GLFW_SAMPLES, 4); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE); window = glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, "Test Window", NULL, NULL); if(!window) { glfwTerminate(); fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create a GLFW window"); return -1; } glfwMakeContextCurrent(window); glewExperimental = GL_TRUE; GLenum err = glewInit(); if(err != GLEW_OK) { glfwTerminate(); fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize GLEW"); fprintf(stderr, (char*)glewGetErrorString(err)); return -1; } GLuint VertexArrayID; glGenVertexArrays(1, &VertexArrayID); glBindVertexArray(VertexArrayID); GLuint programID = LoadShaders("SimpleVertexShader.glsl", "SimpleFragmentShader.glsl"); GLuint vertexBuffer; glGenBuffers(1, &vertexBuffer); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBuffer); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(g_vertex_buffer_data), g_vertex_buffer_data, GL_STATIC_DRAW); while(!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) { glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glUseProgram(programID); glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBuffer); glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, (void*)0); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); glDisableVertexAttribArray(0); glfwSwapBuffers(window); glfwPollEvents(); } glDeleteBuffers(1, &vertexBuffer); glDeleteProgram(programID); glfwDestroyWindow(window); glfwTerminate(); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); } I know it is not my shaders, they are super simple and I've checked them against GLFW 2.7 so I know that they work. I'm assuming that I've missed something crucial to using the OpenGL context with GLFW3, so any help locating the problem would be greatly appreciated.

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  • List has no value after adding values in

    - by Sigh-AniDe
    I am creating a a ghost sprite that will mimic the main sprite after 10 seconds of the game. I am storing the users movements in a List<string> and i am using a foreach loop to run the movements. The problem is when i run through the game by adding breakpoints the movements are being added to the List<string> but when the foreach runs it shows that the list has nothing in it. Why does it do that? How can i fix it? this is what i have: public List<string> ghostMovements = new List<string>(); public void UpdateGhost(float scalingFactor, int[,] map) { // At this foreach, ghostMovements has nothing in it foreach (string s in ghostMovements) { // current position of the ghost on the tiles int mapX = (int)(ghostPostition.X / scalingFactor); int mapY = (int)(ghostPostition.Y / scalingFactor); if (s == "left") { switch (ghostDirection) { case ghostFacingUp: angle = 1.6f; ghostDirection = ghostFacingRight; Program.form.direction = ""; break; case ghostFacingRight: angle = 3.15f; ghostDirection = ghostFacingDown; Program.form.direction = ""; break; case ghostFacingDown: angle = -1.6f; ghostDirection = ghostFacingLeft; Program.form.direction = ""; break; case ghostFacingLeft: angle = 0.0f; ghostDirection = ghostFacingUp; Program.form.direction = ""; break; } } } } // The movement is captured here and added to the list public void captureMovement() { ghostMovements.Add(Program.form.direction); }

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  • how do I set quad buffering with jogl 2.0

    - by tony danza
    I'm trying to create a 3d renderer for stereo vision with quad buffering with Processing/Java. The hardware I'm using is ready for this so that's not the problem. I had a stereo.jar library in jogl 1.0 working for Processing 1.5, but now I have to use Processing 2.0 and jogl 2.0 therefore I have to adapt the library. Some things are changed in the source code of Jogl and Processing and I'm having a hard time trying to figure out how to tell Processing I want to use quad buffering. Here's the previous code: public class Theatre extends PGraphicsOpenGL{ protected void allocate() { if (context == null) { // If OpenGL 2X or 4X smoothing is enabled, setup caps object for them GLCapabilities capabilities = new GLCapabilities(); // Starting in release 0158, OpenGL smoothing is always enabled if (!hints[DISABLE_OPENGL_2X_SMOOTH]) { capabilities.setSampleBuffers(true); capabilities.setNumSamples(2); } else if (hints[ENABLE_OPENGL_4X_SMOOTH]) { capabilities.setSampleBuffers(true); capabilities.setNumSamples(4); } capabilities.setStereo(true); // get a rendering surface and a context for this canvas GLDrawableFactory factory = GLDrawableFactory.getFactory(); drawable = factory.getGLDrawable(parent, capabilities, null); context = drawable.createContext(null); // need to get proper opengl context since will be needed below gl = context.getGL(); // Flag defaults to be reset on the next trip into beginDraw(). settingsInited = false; } else { // The following three lines are a fix for Bug #1176 // http://dev.processing.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=1176 context.destroy(); context = drawable.createContext(null); gl = context.getGL(); reapplySettings(); } } } This was the renderer of the old library. In order to use it, I needed to do size(100, 100, "stereo.Theatre"). Now I'm trying to do the stereo directly in my Processing sketch. Here's what I'm trying: PGraphicsOpenGL pg = ((PGraphicsOpenGL)g); pgl = pg.beginPGL(); gl = pgl.gl; glu = pg.pgl.glu; gl2 = pgl.gl.getGL2(); GLProfile profile = GLProfile.get(GLProfile.GL2); GLCapabilities capabilities = new GLCapabilities(profile); capabilities.setSampleBuffers(true); capabilities.setNumSamples(4); capabilities.setStereo(true); GLDrawableFactory factory = GLDrawableFactory.getFactory(profile); If I go on, I should do something like this: drawable = factory.getGLDrawable(parent, capabilities, null); but drawable isn't a field anymore and I can't find a way to do it. How do I set quad buffering? If I try this: gl2.glDrawBuffer(GL.GL_BACK_RIGHT); it obviously doesn't work :/ Thanks.

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  • Xna, after mouse click cpu usage goes 100%

    - by kosnkov
    Hi i have following code and it is enough just if i click on blue window then cpu goes to 100% for like at least one minute even with my i7 4 cores. I just check even with empty project and is the same !!! public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; SpriteBatch spriteBatch; private Texture2D cursorTex; private Vector2 cursorPos; GraphicsDevice device; float xPosition; float yPosition; public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; } protected override void Initialize() { Viewport vp = GraphicsDevice.Viewport; xPosition = vp.X + (vp.Width / 2); yPosition = vp.Y + (vp.Height / 2); device = graphics.GraphicsDevice; base.Initialize(); } protected override void LoadContent() { spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); cursorTex = Content.Load<Texture2D>("strzalka"); } protected override void UnloadContent() { // TODO: Unload any non ContentManager content here } protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { // Allows the game to exit if (GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One).Buttons.Back == ButtonState.Pressed) this.Exit(); base.Update(gameTime); } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); spriteBatch.Begin(); spriteBatch.Draw(cursorTex, cursorPos, Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); } }

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  • Constrained/penalized distance function

    - by sigma.z.1980
    Assume a character is located on a n by n grid and has to reach a certain entry on that grid. Its current position is (x1,y1). Also on the same grid is an enemy with coordinates (x2,y2). Each step algorithm randomly generates new candidate locations for the hero (if there are k candidates then there is a kx2 matrix of new potential locations. What I need is some distance objective function to compare the candidates. I'm currently using d1 - c * d2, where d1 is distance to the objective (measure in terms of number of pixels for each axis), d2 is distance to the enemy and c is some coefficient (this is very much like a set-up for Lagrangian). It's not working very well though. I'd be quite keen to learn how what constrained distance function are used for similar cases. Any suggestions are very much appreciated.

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  • Isometric layer moving inside map

    - by gronzzz
    i'm created isometric map and now trying to limit layer moving. Main idea, that i have left bottom, right bottom, left top, right top points, that camera can not move outside, so player will not see map out of bounds. But i can not understand algorithm of how to do that. It's my layer scale/moving code. - (void)touchBegan:(UITouch *)touch withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { _isTouchBegin = YES; } - (void)touchMoved:(UITouch *)touch withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { NSArray *allTouches = [[event allTouches] allObjects]; UITouch *touchOne = [allTouches objectAtIndex:0]; CGPoint touchLocationOne = [touchOne locationInView: [touchOne view]]; CGPoint previousLocationOne = [touchOne previousLocationInView: [touchOne view]]; // Scaling if ([allTouches count] == 2) { _isDragging = NO; UITouch *touchTwo = [allTouches objectAtIndex:1]; CGPoint touchLocationTwo = [touchTwo locationInView: [touchTwo view]]; CGPoint previousLocationTwo = [touchTwo previousLocationInView: [touchTwo view]]; CGFloat currentDistance = sqrt( pow(touchLocationOne.x - touchLocationTwo.x, 2.0f) + pow(touchLocationOne.y - touchLocationTwo.y, 2.0f)); CGFloat previousDistance = sqrt( pow(previousLocationOne.x - previousLocationTwo.x, 2.0f) + pow(previousLocationOne.y - previousLocationTwo.y, 2.0f)); CGFloat distanceDelta = currentDistance - previousDistance; CGPoint pinchCenter = ccpMidpoint(touchLocationOne, touchLocationTwo); pinchCenter = [self convertToNodeSpace:pinchCenter]; CGFloat predictionScale = self.scale + (distanceDelta * PINCH_ZOOM_MULTIPLIER); if([self predictionScaleInBounds:predictionScale]) { [self scale:predictionScale scaleCenter:pinchCenter]; } } else { // Dragging _isDragging = YES; CGPoint previous = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] convertToGL:previousLocationOne]; CGPoint current = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] convertToGL:touchLocationOne]; CGPoint delta = ccpSub(current, previous); self.position = ccpAdd(self.position, delta); } } - (void)touchEnded:(UITouch *)touch withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { _isDragging = NO; _isTouchBegin = NO; // Check if i need to bounce _touchLoc = [touch locationInNode:self]; } #pragma mark - Update - (void)update:(CCTime)delta { CGPoint position = self.position; float scale = self.scale; static float friction = 0.92f; //0.96f; if(_isDragging && !_isScaleBounce) { _velocity = ccp((position.x - _lastPos.x)/2, (position.y - _lastPos.y)/2); _lastPos = position; } else { _velocity = ccp(_velocity.x * friction, _velocity.y *friction); position = ccpAdd(position, _velocity); self.position = position; } if (_isScaleBounce && !_isTouchBegin) { float min = fabsf(self.scale - MIN_SCALE); float max = fabsf(self.scale - MAX_SCALE); int dif = max > min ? 1 : -1; if ((scale > MAX_SCALE - SCALE_BOUNCE_AREA) || (scale < MIN_SCALE + SCALE_BOUNCE_AREA)) { CGFloat newSscale = scale + dif * (delta * friction); [self scale:newSscale scaleCenter:_touchLoc]; } else { _isScaleBounce = NO; } } }

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  • Why am I getting a return value of zero from my position computation function?

    - by Hussain Murtaza
    Ok I have a Function int x(), which is used in new Rectangle(x(),a,a,a); in DrawMethod in XNA but when I use it I get x() = 0 as as the answer.Here is my CODE: int x() { int px = (128 * 5); int xx = 0; for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { if (Mouse.GetState().X > px) { //xx = Mouse.GetState().X; xx = px; break; } else { px -= 128; } } return xx; } Here is the DrawMethod Code: if (set) { spriteBatch.Draw(texture, new Rectangle(x(), y(), texture.Width, texture.Height), Color.White); textpositionX = x(); textpositionY = y(); set = false; select = false; place = true; } else if(select) { spriteBatch.Draw(texture, new Rectangle(Mouse.GetState().X - texture.Width / 2, Mouse.GetState().Y-texture.Height / 2, texture.Width, texture.Height), Color.White); } else if (place) { spriteBatch.Draw(texture, new Rectangle(textpositionX, textpositionY, texture.Width, texture.Height), Color.White); select = false; set = false; }

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  • OpenGl / C++ and some strange light problem on half board

    - by mlodziaszka
    I have some problem with lights in my opengl "game". I have board with is square (-50,50), (50, 50), (50, -50), (-50,-50) x and z since y doesn't matter at all. I tried to make something like flashlight its moving and rotating with camera (me), but when i try to rotate more then 90 degree to left or right it just give diffrend light: http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/688/lightij.jpg/ (left is spotlight, right point light) There is also a point light in the middle, but its working strange(not like a pointlight) it shines only on half of the board from (-50,50), (50, 50), (50, 0), (-50,-0) x and y: Link to my repo where u can find game exe in download and full code in source: https://bitbucket.org/mlodziaszka/my_game All more fragments of light: float gl_amb[] = { 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 1.0f }; glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, gl_amb); glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); // Wlaczenie oswietlenia glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); // Wybor techniki cieniowania glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); // Wlaczenie 0-go zrodla swiatla glEnable(GL_LIGHT1); Cubes parametri: float m1_amb[] = { 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f }; float m1_dif[] = { 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f }; float m1_spe[] = { 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f }; glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, m1_amb); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, m1_dif); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, m1_spe); glMaterialf(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, 50.0f); Texture parametri: float m1_amb[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; float m1_dif[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; float m1_spe[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, m1_amb); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, m1_dif); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, m1_spe); glMaterialf(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, 0.0f); glTexEnvf( GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_MODULATE ); Light0: //with some magic sn't working anyway float l0_amb[] = { 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 1.0f }; float l0_dif[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; float l0_spe[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; float l0_pos[] = { g_Camera.m_vPosition.x, g_Camera.m_vPosition.y, g_Camera.m_vPosition.z, 1.0f }; float temp = 0.0f, temp2 = 0.0f, temp3 = 0.0f; if(g_Camera.m_vView.z < g_Camera.m_vPosition.z) { temp = g_Camera.m_vView.x - g_Camera.m_vPosition.x; temp2 = g_Camera.m_vView.z - g_Camera.m_vPosition.z; } else { temp = g_Camera.m_vView.x - g_Camera.m_vPosition.x; temp2 = g_Camera.m_vView.z - g_Camera.m_vPosition.z; } float l0_pos1[] = {temp, 0.0f, temp2}; //float l0_pos1[] = {-1.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f}; glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT, l0_amb); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, l0_dif); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPECULAR, l0_spe); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, l0_pos); glLightf (GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPOT_CUTOFF, 15.0f); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPOT_DIRECTION, l0_pos1); Light1: float l1_amb[] = { 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 1.0f }; float l1_dif[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; float l1_spe[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; float l1_pos[] = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f }; glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_AMBIENT, l1_amb); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_DIFFUSE, l1_dif); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_SPECULAR, l1_spe); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_POSITION, l1_pos); I know that way I made this very old, but for now i want to keep this like that. I wouldbe realy gratefull if someone can tell me what is wrong with my lights xD full code: link up ^^

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  • libgdx arrays onTouch() method and delays for objects

    - by johnny-b
    i am trying to create random bullets but it is not working for some reason. also how can i make a delay so the bullets come every 30 seconds or 1 minute???? also the onTouch method does not work and it is not taking the bullet away???? shall i put the array in the GameRender class? thanks public class GameWorld { public static Ball ball; private Bullet bullet1; private ScrollHandler scroller; private Array<Bullet> bullets = new Array<Bullet>(); public GameWorld() { ball = new Ball(280, 273, 32, 32); bullet = new Bullet(-300, 200); scroller = new ScrollHandler(0); bullets.add(new Bullet(bullet.getX(), bullet.getY())); bullets = new Array<Bullet>(); Bullet bullet = null; float bulletX = 0.0f; float bulletY = 0.0f; for (int i=0; i < 10; i++) { bulletX = MathUtils.random(-10, 10); bulletY = MathUtils.random(-10, 10); bullet = new Bullet(bulletX, bulletY); bullets.add(bullet); } } public void update(float delta) { ball.update(delta); bullet.update(delta); scroller.update(delta); } public static Ball getBall() { return ball; } public ScrollHandler getScroller() { return scroller; } public Bullet getBullet1() { return bullet1; } } i also tried this and it is not working, i used this in the GameRender class Array<Bullet> enemies=new Array<Bullet>(); //in the constructor of the class enemies.add(new Bullet(bullet.getX(), bullet.getY())); // this throws an exception for some reason??? this is in the render method for(int i=0; i<bullet.size; i++) bullet.get(i).draw(batcher); //this i am using in any method that will allow me from the constructor to update to render for(int i=0; i<bullet.size; i++) bullet.get(i).update(delta); this is not taking the bullet out @Override public boolean touchDown(int screenX, int screenY, int pointer, int button) { for(int i=0; i<bullet.size; i++) if(bullet.get(i).getBounds().contains(screenX,screenY)) bullet.removeIndex(i--); return false; } thanks for the help anyone.

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  • SDL2 with OpenGL -- weird results, what's wrong?

    - by ber4444
    I'm porting an app to iOS, and therefore need to upgrade it to SDL2 from SDL1.2 (so far I'm testing it as an on OS X desktop app only). However, when running the code with SDL2, I'm getting weird results as shown on the second image below (the first image is how it looks with SDL, correctly). The single changeset that causes this is this one, do you see something obviously wrong there, or does SDL2 have some OpenGL nuances I'm unaware of? My SDL is based on changeset dd7e57847ea9 from HG (since then there is one "Allow specifying of OpenGL 3.2 Core Profile on Mac OS X" commit, not sure if that would help).

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  • How to implement explosion in OpenGL?

    - by Chan
    I'm relatively new to OpenGL and I'm clueless how to implement explosion. So could anyone give me some ideas how to start? Suppose the explosion occurs at location $(x, y, z)$, then I'm thinking of randomly generate a collection of vectors with $(x, y, z)$ as origin, then draw some particle (glutSolidCube) which move along this vector for some period of time, says after 1000 updates, it disappear. Is this approach feasible? A minimal example would be greatly appreciated.

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  • How to perform efficient 2D picking in HTML5?

    - by jSepia
    I'm currently using an R-Tree for both picking and collision testing. Each entity on screen has a bounding box for collisions and a separate one for picking. Since entities may change position very frequently, both trees must be updated/reordered once per frame. While this is very efficient for collisions, because the tree is used in hundreds of collision queries every frame, I'm finding it too costly for picking, because it only gets queried when the user clicks, thus leading to a lot of wasted tree updates. What would be a more efficient way to implement picking without as much overhead?

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  • Elliptical orbit modeling

    - by Nathon
    I'm playing with orbits in a simple 2-d game where a ship flies around in space and is attracted to massive things. The ship's velocity is stored in a vector and acceleration is applied to it every frame as appropriate given Newton's law of universal gravitation. The point masses don't move (there's only 1 right now) so I would expect an elliptical orbit. Instead, I see this: I've tried with nearly circular orbits, and I've tried making the masses vastly different (a factor of a million) but I always get this rotated orbit. Here's some (D) code, for context: void accelerate(Vector delta) { velocity = velocity + delta; // Velocity is a member of the ship class. } // This function is called every frame with the fixed mass. It's a // method of the ship's. void fall(Well well) { // f=(m1 * m2)/(r**2) // a=f/m // Ship mass is 1, so a = f. float mass = 1; Vector delta = well.position - loc; float rSquared = delta.magSquared; float force = well.mass/rSquared; accelerate(delta * force * mass); }

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  • Snake Game Help

    - by MuhammadA
    I am making a snake game and learning XNA at the same time. I have 3 classes : Game.cs, Snake.cs and Apple.cs My problem is more of a conceptual problem, I want to know which class is really responsible for ... detecting collision of snake head on apple/itself/wall? which class should increase the snakes speed, size? It seems to me that however much I try and put the snake stuff into snake.cs that game.cs has to know a lot about the snake, like : -- I want to increase the score depending on size of snake, the score variable is inside game.cs, which means now I have to ask the snake its size on every hit of the apple... seems a bit unclean all this highly coupled code. or -- I DO NOT want to place the apple under the snake... now the apple suddenly has to know about all the snake parts, my head hurts when I think of that. Maybe there should be some sort of AppleLayer.cs class that should know about the snake... Whats the best approach in such a simple scenario? Any tips welcome. Game.cs : using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Audio; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.GamerServices; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Media; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Design; namespace Snakez { public enum CurrentGameState { Playing, Paused, NotPlaying } public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { private GraphicsDeviceManager _graphics; private SpriteBatch _spriteBatch; private readonly Color _niceGreenColour = new Color(167, 255, 124); private KeyboardState _oldKeyboardState; private SpriteFont _scoreFont; private SoundEffect _biteSound, _crashSound; private Vector2 _scoreLocation = new Vector2(10, 10); private Apple _apple; private Snake _snake; private int _score = 0; private int _speed = 1; public Game1() { _graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; } /// <summary> /// Allows the game to perform any initialization it needs to before starting to run. /// This is where it can query for any required services and load any non-graphic /// related content. Calling base.Initialize will enumerate through any components /// and initialize them as well. /// </summary> protected override void Initialize() { base.Initialize(); } /// <summary> /// LoadContent will be called once per game and is the place to load /// all of your content. /// </summary> protected override void LoadContent() { _spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); _scoreFont = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("Score"); _apple = new Apple(800, 480, Content.Load<Texture2D>("Apple")); _snake = new Snake(Content.Load<Texture2D>("BodyBlock")); _biteSound = Content.Load<SoundEffect>("Bite"); _crashSound = Content.Load<SoundEffect>("Crash"); } /// <summary> /// UnloadContent will be called once per game and is the place to unload /// all content. /// </summary> protected override void UnloadContent() { Content.Unload(); } /// <summary> /// Allows the game to run logic such as updating the world, /// checking for collisions, gathering input, and playing audio. /// </summary> /// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param> protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { KeyboardState newKeyboardState = Keyboard.GetState(); if (newKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Escape)) { this.Exit(); // Allows the game to exit } else if (newKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Up) && !_oldKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Up)) { _snake.SetDirection(Direction.Up); } else if (newKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Down) && !_oldKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Down)) { _snake.SetDirection(Direction.Down); } else if (newKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left) && !_oldKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) { _snake.SetDirection(Direction.Left); } else if (newKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right) && !_oldKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right)) { _snake.SetDirection(Direction.Right); } _oldKeyboardState = newKeyboardState; _snake.Update(); if (_snake.IsEating(_apple)) { _biteSound.Play(); _score += 10; _apple.Place(); } base.Update(gameTime); } /// <summary> /// This is called when the game should draw itself. /// </summary> /// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param> protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(_niceGreenColour); float frameRate = 1 / (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; _spriteBatch.Begin(); _spriteBatch.DrawString(_scoreFont, "Score : " + _score, _scoreLocation, Color.Red); _apple.Draw(_spriteBatch); _snake.Draw(_spriteBatch); _spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); } } } Snake.cs : using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; namespace Snakez { public enum Direction { Up, Down, Left, Right } public class Snake { private List<Rectangle> _parts; private readonly Texture2D _bodyBlock; private readonly int _startX = 160; private readonly int _startY = 120; private int _moveDelay = 100; private DateTime _lastUpdatedAt; private Direction _direction; private Rectangle _lastTail; public Snake(Texture2D bodyBlock) { _bodyBlock = bodyBlock; _parts = new List<Rectangle>(); _parts.Add(new Rectangle(_startX, _startY, _bodyBlock.Width, _bodyBlock.Height)); _parts.Add(new Rectangle(_startX + bodyBlock.Width, _startY, _bodyBlock.Width, _bodyBlock.Height)); _parts.Add(new Rectangle(_startX + (bodyBlock.Width) * 2, _startY, _bodyBlock.Width, _bodyBlock.Height)); _parts.Add(new Rectangle(_startX + (bodyBlock.Width) * 3, _startY, _bodyBlock.Width, _bodyBlock.Height)); _direction = Direction.Right; _lastUpdatedAt = DateTime.Now; } public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { foreach (var p in _parts) { spriteBatch.Draw(_bodyBlock, new Vector2(p.X, p.Y), Color.White); } } public void Update() { if (DateTime.Now.Subtract(_lastUpdatedAt).TotalMilliseconds > _moveDelay) { //DateTime.Now.Ticks _lastTail = _parts.First(); _parts.Remove(_lastTail); /* add new head in right direction */ var lastHead = _parts.Last(); var newHead = new Rectangle(0, 0, _bodyBlock.Width, _bodyBlock.Height); switch (_direction) { case Direction.Up: newHead.X = lastHead.X; newHead.Y = lastHead.Y - _bodyBlock.Width; break; case Direction.Down: newHead.X = lastHead.X; newHead.Y = lastHead.Y + _bodyBlock.Width; break; case Direction.Left: newHead.X = lastHead.X - _bodyBlock.Width; newHead.Y = lastHead.Y; break; case Direction.Right: newHead.X = lastHead.X + _bodyBlock.Width; newHead.Y = lastHead.Y; break; } _parts.Add(newHead); _lastUpdatedAt = DateTime.Now; } } public void SetDirection(Direction newDirection) { if (_direction == Direction.Up && newDirection == Direction.Down) { return; } else if (_direction == Direction.Down && newDirection == Direction.Up) { return; } else if (_direction == Direction.Left && newDirection == Direction.Right) { return; } else if (_direction == Direction.Right && newDirection == Direction.Left) { return; } _direction = newDirection; } public bool IsEating(Apple apple) { if (_parts.Last().Intersects(apple.Location)) { GrowBiggerAndFaster(); return true; } return false; } private void GrowBiggerAndFaster() { _parts.Insert(0, _lastTail); _moveDelay -= (_moveDelay / 100)*2; } } } Apple.cs : using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; namespace Snakez { public class Apple { private readonly int _maxWidth, _maxHeight; private readonly Texture2D _texture; private readonly Random random = new Random(); public Rectangle Location { get; private set; } public Apple(int screenWidth, int screenHeight, Texture2D texture) { _maxWidth = (screenWidth + 1) - texture.Width; _maxHeight = (screenHeight + 1) - texture.Height; _texture = texture; Place(); } public void Place() { Location = GetRandomLocation(_maxWidth, _maxHeight); } private Rectangle GetRandomLocation(int maxWidth, int maxHeight) { // x and y -- multiple of 20 int x = random.Next(1, maxWidth); var leftOver = x % 20; x = x - leftOver; int y = random.Next(1, maxHeight); leftOver = y % 20; y = y - leftOver; return new Rectangle(x, y, _texture.Width, _texture.Height); } public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { spriteBatch.Draw(_texture, Location, Color.White); } } }

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  • Slerping rotation mirrors

    - by Esa
    I rotate my game character to watch at the target using the following code: transform.rotation = Quaternion.Slerp(startQuaternion, lookQuaternion, turningNormalizer*turningSpeed/10f) startQuaternion is the character's current rotation when a new target is given. lookQuaternion is the direction the character should look at and it's set like this: destinationVector = currentWaypoint.transform.position - transform.position; lookQuaternion = Quaternion.LookRotation(destinationVector, Vector3.up); turningNormalizer is just Time.deltaTime incremented and turningSpeed is a static value given in the editor. The problem is that while the character turns as it should most of the time, it has problems when it has to do close to 180 degrees. Then it at times jitters and mirrors the rotation: In this poorly drawn image the character(on the right) starts to turn towards the circle on the left. Instead of just turning either through left or right it starts this "mirror dance": It starts to rotate towards the new facing Then it suddenly snaps to the same angle but on other side and keeps rotating It does this "mirroring" so long until it looks at the target. Is this a thing with quaternions, slerping/lerping or something else?

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  • Camera movement and threshold not working

    - by irish guy mcconagheh
    I have a platformer that is in progress, part of this has a camera which I only want to move when the character moves out of a certain threshold, to try to accomplish this I have the following if statement: if(((Mathf.Abs(target.transform.position.x))-(Mathf.Abs(transform.position.x)))>thres){ x = moveTo(transform.position.x, target.position.x, trackSpeed); } in unity/c#. In pseudocode it means if((absolute value of player x) - (absolute value of camera x) is greater than the threshold){ move { however this does not seem to work correctly. it appears to work for the first couple of times the threshold is reached, however the distance between the camera and the player has to increase every time for the camera to move. I do not believe the movement of the camera is the problem, however the code for it is as follows: private float moveTo(float n, float target, float accel) { if (n == target) { return n; } else { float dir = Mathf.Sign(target - n); n += accel * Time.deltaTime * dir; return (dir == Mathf.Sign(target-n))? n: target; } } }

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  • OpenGL ES, orthopgraphics projection and viewport

    - by DarkDeny
    I want to make some simple 2D game on iOS to familiarize myself with OpenGL ES. I started with Ray Wenderlich tutorial (How To Create A Simple 2D iPhone Game with OpenGL ES 2.0 and GLKit). That tutorial is quite good, but I miss some parts of a puzzle. Ray creates orthographic projection using some magic numbers like 480 and 320. It is not clear to me why did he take these numbers, and as far as I can see - sprite is not mapped to the ipad simulator screen one-to-one pixel. I tried to play with parameters with which ortho matrix is created, but I cannot figure out what math is here. How can I calculate numbers (bottom, top, left, right, close, far) which will be parameters to orthographic projection matrix creation and have sprite on the screen shown in its original size?

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  • 2D camera perspective projection from 3D coordinates -- HOW?

    - by Jack
    I am developing a camera for a 2D game with a top-down view that has depth. It's almost a 3D camera. Basically, every object has a Z even though it is in 2D, and similarly to parallax layers their position, scale and rotation speed vary based on their Z. I guess this would be a perspective projection. But I am having trouble converting the objects' 3D coordinates into the 2D space of the screen so that everything has correct perspective and scale. I never learned matrices though I did dig the topic a bit today. I tried without using matrices thanks to this article but every attempt gave awkward results. I'm using ActionScript 3 and Flash 11+ (Starling), where the screen coordinates work like this: Left-handed coordinates system illustration I can explain further what I did if you want to help me sort out what's wrong, or you can directly tell me how you would do it properly. In case you prefer the former, read on. These are images showing the formulas I used: upload.wikimedia.org/math/1/c/8/1c89722619b756d05adb4ea38ee6f62b.png upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/4/0/d4069770c68cb8f1aa4b5cfc57e81bc3.png (Sorry new users can't post images, but both are from the wikipedia article linked above, section "Perspective projection". That's where you'll find what all variables mean, too) The long formula is greatly simplified because I believe a normal top-down 2D camera has no X/Y/Z rotation values (correct ?). Then it becomes d = a - c. Still, I can't get it to work. Maybe you could explain what numbers I should put in a(xyz), c(xyz), theta(xyz), and particularly, e(xyz) ? I don't quite get how e is different than c in my case. c.z is also an issue to me. If the Z of the camera's target object is 0, should the camera's Z be something like -600 ? ( = focal length of 600) Whatever I do, it's wrong. I only got it to work when I used arbitrary calculations that "looked" right, like most cameras with parallax layers seem to do, but that's fake! ;) If I want objects to travel between Z layers I might as well do it right. :) Thanks a lot for your help!

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  • How do games make money? What models do they use?

    - by cable729
    I'm trying to research the ways in which games make money. I want to know more about the models they use (free/premium, trial/subscription, free-to-play with micro-transactions, etc.). In addition, I want information on which models work for which games, what models are best for which age groups, etc. I've tried my best to find information, and Google hasn't turned anything up at all. I think I'll stop by my University's library and see if there's anything there. This may seem like a broad question, but I'm looking for links and titles of books, not typed-out answers.

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  • Any ideas on reducing lag in terrain generation?

    - by l5p4ngl312
    Ok so here's the deal. I've written an isometric engine that generates terrain based on camera values using 2D perlin noise. I planned on doing 3D but first I need to work out the lag issues I'm having. I will try to explain how I am doing this so that maybe someone can spot where I am going wrong. I know it should not be this laggy. There is the abstract class Block which right now just contains render(). BlockGrass, etc. extend this class and each has code in the render function to create a textured quad at the given position. Then there is the class Chunk which has the function Generate() and setBlocksInArea(). Generate uses 2D perlin noise to make a height map and stores the heights in a 2D array. It stores the positions of each block it generates in blockarray[x][y][z]. The chunks are 8x8x128. In the main game class there is a 3D array called blocksInArea. The blocks in this array are what gets rendered. When a chunk generates, it adds its blocks to this array at the correct index. It is like this so chunks can be saved to the hard drive (even though they aren't yet) but there can still be optimization with the rendering that you wouldn't have if you rendered each chunk separately. Here's where the laggy part comes in: When the camera moves to a new chunk, a row of chunks generates on the end of the axis that the camera moved on. But it still has to move the other chunks up/down in the blocksInArea (render) array. It does this by calculating the new position in the array and doing the Chunk.setBlocksInArea(): for(int x = 0; x < 8; x++){ for(int y = 0; y < 8; y++){ nx = x+(coordX - camCoordX)*8 ny = y+(coordY - camCoordY)*8 for(int z = 0; z < height[x][y]; z++){ blockarray[x][y][z] = Game.blocksInArea[nx][ny][z]; } } } My reasoning was that this would be much faster than doing the perlin noise all over again, but there are still little spikes of lag when you move in between chunks. Edit: Would it be possible to create a 3 dimensional array list so that shifting of chunks within the array would not be neccessary?

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  • How do you pack resources in a game when you have too many of them?

    - by ThePlan
    I've recently made a basic space invaders clone in C++ using the Allegro 5 framework. It took me a long time, but after I finished, I realized I had about 10 sprites, and 13MB worth of DLLs (Some of the people didn't even have the mingW dlls) which were making people who played the game very confused. How can I "pack" all my resources in a way that I can easily add-remove data to my game, and to reduce the size taken by the resource, basically placing them in 1 spot? I'm using codeblocks.

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  • cocos2d event handler not fired when reentering scene

    - by Adam Freund
    I am encountering a very strange problem with my cocos2d app. I add a sprite to the page and have an event handler linked to it which replaces the scene with another scene. On that page I have another button to take me back to the original scene. When I am back on the original scene, the eventHandler doesn't get fired when I click on the sprite. Below is the relevant code. Thanks for any help! CCMenuItemImage *backBtnImg = [CCMenuItemImage itemWithNormalImage:@"btn_back.png" selectedImage:@"btn_back_pressed.png" target:self selector:@selector(backButtonTapped:)]; backBtnImg.position = ccp(45, 286); CCMenu *backBtn = [CCMenu menuWithItems:backBtnImg, nil]; backBtn.position = CGPointZero; [self addChild:backBtn]; EventHandler method (doesn't get called when the scene is re-entered). (void)backButtonTapped:(id)sender { NSLog(@"backButtonTapped\n"); CCMenuItemImage *backButton = (CCMenuItemImage *)sender; [backButton setNormalImage:[CCSprite spriteWithFile:@"btn_back_pressed.png"]]; [[CCDirector sharedDirector] replaceScene:[CCTransitionFade transitionWithDuration:.25 scene:[MenuView scene] withColor:ccBLACK]]; }

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  • What are my tool options to prototype a 2D online multiplayer game?

    - by Asher Einhorn
    I'm looking for the best tool to allow me to quickly put together a 2D game that relies largely on networking. It's extremely likely that this game will require a server side program to constantly run. I have little experience with these things and since it's a prototype i'd like the easiest options for achieving this. I am looking to make this game for the web and mobile devices, although at present I only have access to ios hardware, (no android etc). I just want to get the bare bones of this set up so I can test it from the earliest opportunity to see if it's fun. EDIT - doesn't unity have some inbuilt networking stuff in it?

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