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• New AD-DC in a new Site is refusing cross-site IPv4 connections

  - by sysadmin1138

  We just added a new Server 2008 (sp2) Domain Controller in a new Site, our first such config. It's over a VPN gateway WAN (10Mbit). Unfortunately it is displaying a strange network symptom. Connections to the SMB ports (TCP/139 and TCP/445) are being actively refused... if the connection is coming in on pure IPv4. If the incoming connection is coming by way of the 6to4 tunnel those connections establish and work just fine. It isn't the Firewall, since this behavior can be replicated with the firewall turned off. Also, it's actually issuing RST packets to connection attempts; something that only happens with a Windows Firewall if there is a service behind a port and the service itself denies access. I doubt it's some firewall device on the wire, since the server this one replaced was running Samba and access to it from our main network functioned just fine. I'm thinking it might have something to do with the Subnet lists in AD Sites & Services, but I'm not sure. We haven't put any IPv6 addresses in there, just v4, and it's the v4 connections that are being denied. Unfortunately, I can't figure this out. We need to be able to talk to this DC from the main campus. Is there some kind of site-based SMB-level filtering going on? I can talk to the DC's on campus just fine, but that's over that v6 tunnel. I don't have access to a regular machine on that remote subnet, which limits my ability to test.

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• Rsync when run in cron doesnt work. Rsync between Mac Os x Server and Linux Centos

  - by Brady

  I have a working rsync setup between Mac OS X Server and Linux Centos when run manually in a terminal. I enter the rsync command, it asks for the password, I enter it and off it goes, runs and completes. Now I know thats working I set out to fully automate it via cron. First off I create an SSH authorized key by running this command on the Mac server: ssh-keygen -t dsa -b 1024 -f /Users/admin/Documents/Backup/rsync-key Entering the password and then confirming it. I then copy the rsync-key.pub file accross to the linux server and place in the rsync user .ssh folder and rename to authorized_keys: /home/philosophy/.ssh/authorized_keys I then make sure that the authorized_keys file is chmod 600 in the folder chmod 700. I then setup a shell script for cron to run: #!/bin/bash RSYNC=/usr/bin/rsync SSH=/usr/bin/ssh KEY=/Users/admin/Documents/Backup/rsync-key RUSER=philosophy RHOST=example.com RPATH=data/ LPATH="/Volumes/G Technology G Speed eS/Backup" $RSYNC -avz --delete --progress -e "$SSH -i $KEY" "$LPATH" $RUSER@$RHOST:$RPATH Then give the shell file execute permissions and then add the following to the crontab using crontab -e: 29 12 * * * /Users/admin/Documents/Backup/backup.sh I check my crontab log file after the above command should run and I get this in the log and nothing else: Feb 21 12:29:00 fileserver /usr/sbin/cron[80598]: (admin) CMD (/Users/admin/Documents/Backup/backup.sh) So I asume everything has run as it should. But when I check the remote server no files have been copied accross. If I run the backup.sh file in a terminal as normal it still prompts for a password but this time its through the Mac Key chain system rather than typing into the console window. With the Mac Key Chain I can set it to save the password so that it doesnt ask for it again but Im sure when run with cron this password isnt picked up. This is where I'm asuming where rsync in cron is failing because it needs a password to connect but I thought the whole idea of making the SSH keys was to prevent the use of a password. Have I missed a step or done something wrong here? Thanks Scott

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• Game login server

  - by Tar

  I have a setup like this: A website, with a database. This database houses accounts and all details. Password hashes/salts/join dates/etc. What I want to do is to be able to use this same database for our game database. The game will be on servers in the United States while the web server and web server database is in the Netherlands. I know there is a big problem with using remote SQL and we really don't want to do that as operation of the website is just as vital as operation of the game server. We had one solution that involved sending account details to another database hosted on the same server that the gameserver is hosted on, but that was incredibly unreliable because if the website was down, no new people could register to play the game. The solution that we want is to have a log in server that is used to check credentials for everything. Is this possible/viable and could anyone point in the right direction? So, in summation: 2 game servers 1 web servers 1 central database used for authorization. The game accounts and website accounts need to be one in the same.

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• Domain joined computer unable to access servers through VPN

  - by kscott

  Our servers are in a virtual off site hosting center, our office has a vpn connection to the data center, but for reasons I don't understand we also have to connect to the Citrix Access Gateway (CAG) client in order to access the servers. I am a programmer with rather limited ops knowledge including a weak grasp of networking and terminology. Bear with me. I was just given a new laptop, which is a 64 bit Windows 7 system unlike my previous 32 bit Windows XP desktop which was able to connect without issue. My laptop has been joined to the domain so that I login with my AD credentials, I am able to connect to the CAG and get authenticated, and after doing this I can ping our servers and they resolve to the correct internal IP addresses, but I am unable to use remote desktop to the servers, connect to SQL servers through my local SQL Management Studio, navigate to them through the file system, or view any of our internal intranet websites. All of which I was able to do previously. I have tried turning off my Windows firewall and the problem remains, the DNS servers are set to the correct IPs of our domain controllers, and the ops guys here are a little stumped. Does any one have any suggestions?

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• OpenVPN connected but not internet access on the client

  - by Stefan

  I've setup OpenVPN following this tutorial, and everything works fine except that I don't have an internet connection on the client while connected to VPN. http://www.howtoforge.com/internet-and-lan-over-vpn-using-openvpn-linux-server-windows-linux-clients-works-for-gaming-and-through-firewalls My VPS server config is as follows (Ubuntu): dev tun proto udp port 1194 ca /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/ca.crt cert /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/server.crt key /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/server.key dh /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/dh1024.pem user nobody group nogroup server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 persist-key persist-tun status /var/log/openvpn-status.log verb 3 client-to-client push "redirect-gateway local def1" #set the dns servers push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.4.4" log-append /var/log/openvpn comp-lzo plugin /usr/lib/openvpn/openvpn-auth-pam.so common-auth My client config is as follows (Windows 7): dev tun client proto udp remote XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX 1194 resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key persist-tun ca ca.crt cert stefan.crt key stefan.key comp-lzo verb 3 auth-user-pass redirect-gateway local def1 I've turned off the firewall on the server for testing purposes (it doesn't help), and tried both wired and wireless connecting on the client. I've tried many Google results... but nothing seems to help. Can you help me? Thanks so far...

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• How do I get "Back to My Mac" (using MobileMe) from Windows?

  - by benzado

  I have a MobileMe subscription and a Mac at home with "Back to My Mac" enabled. When I'm away from home, this service lets me use another Mac to connect to my Mac back home and access file sharing, screen sharing, etc. As far as I know, the service doesn't use any proprietary protocols, so in theory I should also be able to get "Back to My Mac" from a Windows PC. This MacWorld article explains how it works. Basically, it uses Wide-Area Bonjour to give your Mac a domain name like hostname.username.members.mac.com. Remote computers can find your Mac using that address, then connect to it using a private VPN. The "Wide Area Bonjour" part seems to make it a little more complicated than simply a regular domain name, though. Note that I'm not interested in using the methods described by LifeHacker, which doesn't use the MobileMe service at all. I don't want to use a totally different dynamic DNS service. I'd like to use the one I'm already paying for, or at least find out why that's not possible from Windows. Also, my primary problem is finding a network route back to my mac... once I've got that I know how to enable services so that Windows can talk to it. UPDATE: Based on some additional research, it appears that Apple is only assigning IPv6 addresses to the hostname.username.members.mac.com names. So any solution will require enabling IPv6 support on Windows, if possible.

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• Adding port forwardings programmatically on a ControlMaster SSH session

  - by aef

  I just found out about the ControlMaster/ControlPath feature of OpenSSH, which allows you to use a single SSH connection to run multiple terminals. As I often use SSH to use port forwarding to get encrypted and authenticated VNC sessions I instantly recognized that you can't add port forwardings to a remote server to which you already have an established connection. This sucks. Sometimes later I found out that you can circumvent this limitation by typing ~C in a running SSH terminal session. This opens up a command-line which allows you to add or remove port forwardings. My quesion now is: How can I add port forwardings on an existing SSH session which is using the ControlMaster/ControlPath feature, without the need to have access to a terminal session inside that SSH session. I need this to enable my script which starts a secure tunneled VNC connection for me to add and later remove its port forwardings. (I know I could use a terminal multiplexer such as GNU Screen or tmux, actually I'm doing this already. But I like the idea of using just one SSH session for serveral reasons.)

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• Mapped networkdrive on logout

  - by Robuust

  I'm using a script to keep a mapped networkconnection alive, but ofcourse the mapped connection is gone when I logout. The point is now, that I'm running this on Windows Server 2008 R2, where I use remote desktop to login on the administrator account. However, it should remain logged in and not remove the mapped connection as this script takes care of not logging out on MS office 365 sharepoint. Is there a way to keep the mapped networklocation (L:) available after logout? So the script can run to remain the connection? # Create an IE Object and navigate to my SharePoint Site $ie = New-Object -ComObject InternetExplorer.Application $ie.navigate('https://xxx.sharepoint.com/') # Don't need the object anymore, so let's close it to free up some memory $ie.Quit() # Just in case there was a problem with the web client service # I am going to stop and start it, you could potentially remove this # part if you want. I like it just because it takes out a step of # troubleshooting if I'm having problems. Stop-Service WebClient Start-Service WebClient # We are going to set the $Drive variable here, this is just # going to tell the command what drive letter to map you can # change this to whatever you want (if you change it to a # drive that is already mapped it will overwrite it, so be careful. $Drive = "L:" # You can change the drive destiniation to whatever you want, # it has to be a document library or folder of course. $DrvDest = "https://xxx.sharepoint.com/files/" # Here is where we create the object to map the network drive and # then map the network drive $net = New-Object -ComObject WScript.Network; $net.mapnetworkdrive($Drive,$DrvDest) # That is the end of the script, now schedule this with task # scheduler and every so often and you should be set.

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• cannot connect to vpn server (error 721)

  - by callmeblessed

  I got 2 internet connections in my computer. One is using 3.5G HSDPA modem (vodafone huawei e220) and the other using mobile phone (cdma zte c261). Both are using different ISP and i have both. at the moment, i can connect to my office vpn using the HSDPA modem one. But when i tried to use cdma modem (dial up - mobile phone modem), i am just able to get "verifying username and password" and then after a few minutes it display error : Error 721 The Remote Computer didn't respond. I tried to ping into my office ip address, it got good result but still cannot connect to the vpn. I tried to turn off all my firewall (i'm using commodo) and has no response as well. In my cdma mobile phone modem Network connections I tried to allow iNternet connection sharing as well ... and turn on all Internet Protocol TCP/IP, File & Printer Sharing & Client for microsoft networks. But all of my effort has no effect. How to fix this problem ? note: my office using windows vpn as well. thank you .

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• how to automatically mount ~/Private using ecryptfs when logging in via ssh pubkey

  - by andreash

  Raionale: I want to be able to automatically make backups to a remote machine, which will be encrypted with ecryptfs. The title says it all: I set up ecryptfs-utils on my Debian Squeeze box, and set up one user to use it via ecryptfs-setup-private. When I log in via SSH using password authentication, the ~/Private directory automatically gets mounted. How can I achieve that ~/Private also automatically gets mounted when logging in via SSH using public key authentication? Obviously, the best solution would be if ecryptfs could somehow 'use' the SSH public key to en/decrypt the data (I know that then using the user's password would not be able to en/decrypt the data any more; this would be acceptable). Probably, this will not work. So perhaps somehow call ecryptfs-mount-private via ssh before logging in via public key? Probably, then I would need to somehow pipe the passphrase through the SSH connection, right? So I would need to store it on the source machine's file system. Not nice either. Any other ideas?

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• Public-to-Public IPSec tunnel: NAT confusion

  - by WuckaChucka

  I know this is possible -- and apparently fairly common with larger companies that don't/can't route private addresses for overlap reasons -- but I can't wrap my head around how to get this to work. I'm playing around with pfSense, Vyatta and a Cisco 5505 right now, hardware-wise. So here's my setup: WEST: Vyatta outside: 10.0.0.254/24 inside: 172.16.0.1/24 machine a: 172.16.0.200/24 EAST: Cisco 5505 outside: 10.0.0.210/24 inside: 192.168.10.1 machine b (webserver): 192.168.10.2 So what we're trying to do is this: route traffic across the tunnel from machine A to machine B without using private addresses. i.e. 172.16.0.200 makes a TCP request to 10.0.0.210:80, and as far as EAST is concerned, it sees a src IP of 10.0.0.254. On WEST, I have your typical many-to-one Source NAT to translate 172.16.0.0/24 to 10.0.0.254 and that's confirmed to be working. Also on WEST, I have the following IPSec config: Local IP: 10.0.0.254 Peer IP: 10.0.0.210 local subnet: 10.0.0.254/32 remote subnet: 10.0.0.210/32 I have the reversed configuration on EAST. What happens when I make a request from machine A to 10.0.0.210:80 is that the SNAT translates the private address of machine A to 10.0.0.254 and it's routed out (and discarded at the other end) without establishing the tunnel. What I'm assuming is happening is that the inside interface on WEST receives a packet from 172.16.0.200 and since this doesn't match the local subnet defined in the tunnel configuration, it's not processed by the IPSec engine and the tunnel is not established. How do you make this work? Seems like a chicken and egg thing with the NAT and IPSec and I just can't wrap my head around how this can be done: can I say, "if a packet is received on the inside interface with a destination of 10.0.0.210, translate it to 10.0.0.254 before the IPSec engine inspects it"?

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• Apache2 process stuck at 100% cpu, CLOSE_WAIT socket lingering

  - by mmazing

  I've troubleshooted the heck out of this today, and I can't seem to find any information on how to determine what is happening exactly. Basically, on my development server, another developer is causing CLOSE_WAIT connections that eat up one or more apache2 processes for several hours if I don't restart apache2. strace on any of the processes yields no information, only that it was able to attach. mod_proxy is not enabled. KeepAlive is on, KeepAliveTimeout is 15 seconds, MaxKeepAliveRequests is 100. From what I've been reading, this may or may not be an apache issue at all, just that that's how CLOSE_WAIT works (the server is waiting for a FIN packet to close the connection). I just can't believe that a server would be crippled so easily by not receiving a packet from a remote host telling it to close the connection. Especially without any intervention for well over an hour. Any tips? I'm about to pull my hair out. Edit : Also, there are no unusual entries in any apache log files. Edit 2: lsof -i shows only a single CLOSE_WAIT per hanging process. (That's what has been bothering me about this, as most other discussions talk about many CLOSE_WAIT connections, while I only have one per process.) The nature of the code that is running (php) doesn't really lend itself to closing open connections and whatnot. I can run the same code that he is executing with the same session data, and not result in a hanging process.

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• Migrate Domain from Server 2008 R2 to Small Business Server 2011

  - by josecortesp

  I'm looking for some advice here, rather than the big how to do it I'm looking for what do to I have this home server, quad core and 4 GB of ram (I really can't afford more right now). With a Windows Serve 2008 R2 With ActiveDirectory and a Hyper-V-Virtual machine with SharePoint, TFS and a couple of more thigs. I have a least 10 remote users, all of them joined a Hamachi VPN (working great by the way). But I want to migrate that to a Small Business Server 2011 Standard. I tried to make a VM to join the domain and then promote that VM, back up it and then format the physical server, boot up the VM, Promote the Phisical and then erase the VM, but I can't do that because of SBS requiring a least 4 GB of ram to install (so I can't give all the 4 GB of physical ram to a VM). I was thinking in using a laptop (All the clients are laptop) as a temporal server, join the domain, promote it, then format the server and install SBS on the server and do all again. I really need some advice. Thanks in advance. BTW, I know that the software I'm using is kindda expensive, and I can't afford more hardware. I have access to MS downloads by a University partnership so I have all this software for free.

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• How to configure VirtualBox server for performance at home

  - by BluJai

  I currently have two physical Ubuntu Server 10.10 servers at home: one serves as our firewall/router/DHCP/VPN server and the other performs double-duty as a file server and a VirtualBox host for an Ubuntu Desktop 10.10 machine which I use from remote connections (via NoMachine) for many thin-client purposes which are irrelevant to my question. What I'd like to accomplish is to consolidate the two physical machines into one which is a dedicated VirtualBox host (most likely running Ubuntu Server 10.10). Note that I'd like to stick with VirtualBox (if possible) because I'm most comfortable with it and use it on a daily basis at both home and work. Specifically, I plan to have one VM set up as file server, another as the firewall/router/DHCP/VPN (or possibly split those a bit) and a third, which is the only current VM (already VirtualBox), which is the thin-client host. My question comes down to performance and/or recommendations about the file server VM. The file server hosts about 6 terabytes of data across 4 drives. What I'd like to do is use raw disk access from the VM directly to the existing disks. However, I'm curious what performance advantage/disadvantage that would have as compared to using shared folders from the VM host and basically just have the whole drive served as a shared folder to the VM which would then serve it to the other machines on the network. I don't know if virtual disks would even work in this scenario and I certainly wouldn't want a drive to be filled with just a single file which is 1.5 TB (disk image). To add understanding of context, but not to get additional advice, I want to virtualize these machines because I intend to regularly use the snapshot capabilities of VirtualBox for the system disks (which will be virtual drives) of the VMs and I have some physical space/power needs to address (as I mentioned, this is at home).

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• Connection timeout when trying to SSH

  - by dan

  The other day I tried to connect to my remote server via SSH as i always have. But now when I try to connect it just times out after about 60 seconds. I run service ssh start Which tells me that Job is already running: ssh. I then ran $netstat -tnlp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:993 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1972/dovecot tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:995 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1972/dovecot tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2030/mysqld tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:110 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1972/dovecot tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:143 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1972/dovecot tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:10000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2157/perl tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3028/sshd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2273/master tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 2618/apache2 tcp6 0 0 :::21 :::* LISTEN 2291/proftpd: (acce tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 3028/sshd I am able to access subdomains on my site, and FTP, but don't have the ability to SSH or even ping remotely. Any thoughts?

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• Laptop authentication/logon via accelerometer tilt, flip, and twist

  - by wonsungi

  Looking for another application/technology: A number of years ago, I read about a novel way to authenticate and log on to a laptop. The user simply had to hold the laptop in the air and execute a simple series of tilts and flips to the laptop. By logging accelerometer data, this creates a unique signature for the user. Even if an attacker watched and repeated the exact same motions, the attacker could not replicate the user's movements closely enough. I am looking for information about this technology again, but I can't find anything. It may have been an actual feature on a laptop, or it may have just been a research project. I think I read about it in a magazine like Wired. Does anyone have more information about authentication via unique accelerometer signatures? Here are the closest articles I have been able to find: Knock-based commands for your Linux laptop Shake Well Before Use: Authentication Based on Accelerometer Data[PDF] Inferring Identity using Accelerometers in Television Remote Controls User Evaluation of Lightweight User Authentication with a Single Tri-Axis Accelerometer Identifying Users of Portable Devices from Gait Pattern with Accelerometers[PDF] 3D Signature Biometrics Using Curvature Moments[PDF] MoViSign: A novel authentication mechanism using mobile virtual signatures

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• Understanding mail failure notices, 554

  - by goran

  I'd like to confirm the meaining of a mail failure notice. Here's the message Hi. This is the qmail-send program at mydomain.com I'm afraid I wasn't able to deliver your message to the following addresses. This is a permanent error; I've given up. Sorry it didn't work out. <[email protected]>: 1.2.3.4 does not like recipient. Remote host said: 554 <[email protected]>: Relay access denied Giving up on 1.2.3.4 The way I understand this is, that 1.2.3.4 is not setup to receive mail for this domain. dig domain.com MX shows ;; ANSWER SECTION: domain.com. 6245 IN MX 10 mail.domain.com. domain.com. 6245 IN MX 20 mx.anotherdomain.com. (1.2.3.4 is mx.anotherdomain.com.). The puzzling part is that I have reports that messages sent from gmail get delivered to this address. P.S. Is this a proper question for serverfault?

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• Setup.exe called from a batch file crashes with error 0x0000006

  - by Alex

  We're going to be installing some new software on pretty much all of our computers and I'm trying to setup a GPO to do it. We're running a Windows Server 2008 R2 domain controller and all of our machines are Windows 7. The GPO calls the following script which sits on a network share on our file server. The script it self calls an executable that sits on another network share on another server. The executable will imediatelly crash with an error 0x0000006. The event log just says this: Windows cannot access the file for one of the following reasons: there is a problem with the network connection, the disk that the file is stored on, or the storage drivers installed on this computer; or the disk is missing. Windows closed the program Setup.exe because of this error. Here's the script (which is stored on \\WIN2K8R2-F-01\Remote Applications): @ECHO OFF IF DEFINED ProgramFiles(x86) ( ECHO DEBUG: 64-bit platform SET _path="C:\Program Files (x86)\Canam" ) ELSE ( ECHO DEBUG: 32-bit platform SET _path="C:\Program Files\Canam" ) IF NOT EXIST %_path% ( ECHO DEBUG: Folder does not exist PUSHD \\WIN2K8R2-PSA-01\PSA Data\Client START "" "Setup.exe" "/q" POPD ) ELSE ( ECHO DEBUG: Folder exists ) Running the script manually as administrator also results in the same error. Setting up a shortcut with the same target and parameters works perfectly. Manually calling the executable also works. Not sure if it matters, but the installer is based on dotNETInstaller. I don't know what version though. I'd appreciate any suggestions on fixing this. Thanks in advance! UPDATE I highly doubt this matters, but the network share that the script is hosted in is a shared drive, while the network share the script references for the executable is a shared folder. Also, both shares have Domain Computers listed with full access for the sharing and security tabs. And PUSHD works without wrapping the path in quotes.

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• Copying email with qmail and Plesk

  - by Greg

  I need to keep a copy of all outgoing and incoming email (for a single domain if possible) using qmail or Plesk. I can't recompile qmail, so qmailtap is out of the question, as is setting QUEUE_EXTRA in extra.h. I'm pretty sure it should be possible with Plesk's mailmng utility, aka Mail Handlers but I'm having trouble getting them to work. I've registered 2 hooks: incoming hook ./mailmng --add-handler --handler-name=incoming --recipient-domain=example.com --executable=/xxx/incoming.sh --context=/xxx/incoming/ --hook=before-local incoming.sh #!/bin/bash # The email is passed on stdin - grab it to a variable e=`cat -` # $1 = context (/xxx/incoming) # $3 = recipient ([email protected]) # Create /xxx/incoming/[email protected] mkdir -p $1$3 # Save the email to /xxx/incoming/[email protected]/0123456789.txt echo "$e" > $1$3/`date +%s%N`.txt # Echo PASS to stderr echo 'PASS' >&2 # Echo the email to stdout echo "$e" outgoing hook # ./mailmng --add-handler --handler-name=outgoing --sender-domain=holidaysplease.com --executable=/xxx/outgoing.sh --context=/xxx/outgoing/ --hook=before-remote The outgoing.sh file is the same as incoming.sh, except replace $3 (recipient) with $2 (sender). The incoming hook does work, but saves 2 copies of each email - one before and one after SpamAssassin has run. The outgoing hook doesn't seem to get called at all. So finally, my questions are: How can I make the incoming hook save only a single copy (preferably after SpamAssassin has run)? How can I get the outgoing hook to work?

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• Name resolution not working with ipv6 on centos

  - by jolivier

  I just installed CentOs 6.3 on a server to be installed in a data center, but cannot get name resolution / curl to work. I know this is because of it trying to use ipv6, since ping google.com works, curl -4 google.com works, but not curl google.com. I removed the ipv6 adress from the interface and it does not change anything. This is very problematic since most system tools like yum fail at name resolution currently. Browsers like Firefox work because they might be using another tool for name resolution than the one use by curl. I managed to fix this on workstations by completely disabling ipv6 following tutorials like this one / hardcoding name resolution in /etc/hosts. But since I am here configuring a server which will be later installed in a remote data center, I would like not to mess up, understand what is going on and fix it properly. Besides, I will face the same issue with more servers to come so I would really appreciate your help in understanding this problem and how to solve it. I would be happy to provide more information if needed to help understand what is going on. The current network configuration is a small enterprise network, with a DNS server (let's call it A) configured once a long time ago. dig google.com and dig -4 google.com are both refused by the A DNS. But this is also true for my workstation on which curl is working (and yes they both use the same A DNS server). Indeed this faulty server and my workstation have multiple nameservers in /etc/resolv.conf, and the second one is working fine for both of them, so if I remove A from my resolv.conf everything works fine! Regards, Olivier

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• Server 2008 NAT Internet Not Working

  - by Jack

  I'm trying to set up Routing and Remote Access on Windows Server 2008 R2, I have a network connection that I want to share the internet from to another private network. The server has two NICs which are configured as follows: External NIC (Dynamically assigned by ISP) IP:10.175.4.150 Subnet:255.255.192.0 Gateway:10.175.0.1 DNS:10.175.0.1 Internal NIC IP:172.16.254.1 Subnet:255.255.255.0 Gateway:None DNS:None I have set the external NIC to be the public interface and enabled NAT on it in the RRAS MMC and set the internal NIC to be a private interface. I have also set up the DNS forwarding or whatever it is in the NAT section. From a client (IP:172.16.254.2) I can ping the server and access files on it, when I try to browse the web with the default gateway set to the internal NIC ip I end up getting a 404 page which is returned from the ISPs default gateway. I'm guessing it's something to do with the double NAT possibly. Trying to ping the ISPs default gateway from a private network client just times out as does accessing it directly. I've disabled and reconfigured RRAS multiple times and that doesn't seem to have made a difference, so can anyone tell me what I'm doing wrong? Thanks.

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• SSH login very slow on OS X Leopard

  - by acjohnson55

  My SSH sessions take a very long time to initiate. This applies for logins with and without passwords, interactive and non-interactive. I have tried setting 'GSSAPIAuthentication no' and 'IPQoS 0x00' on the client side, and 'UseDNS no' on the server side, but no dice. I'm really stumped and frustrated. The worst part is that it SFTP takes forever to establish connections too, making file transfer much longer than it would be otherwise. I thought the problem might be something with PAM, because of where the hang is in the sshd log below, so I tried commenting out each line one-by-one in the /etc/pam.d/sshd file. Some caused login to be impossible, some had no apparent effect. I can't really tell if PAM is stalling for other services, but I can say that su'ing into my account from another account with 'su -l' has no apparent delay. I tried creating a new user account, just to see if there was something wrong with my existing account, and the same problem persisted. Any ideas of what's going on? On the client side, the most verbose mode outputs (redacted where reasonable): OpenSSH_5.9p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8r 8 Feb 2011 debug1: Reading configuration data ... debug1: ... line 1: Applying options for ... debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: /etc/ssh_config line 20: Applying options for * debug1: /etc/ssh_config line 53: Applying options for * debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to ... [x.x.x.x] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /.../.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /.../.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug3: Incorrect RSA1 identifier debug3: Could not load "/.../.ssh/id_dsa" as a RSA1 public key debug1: identity file /.../.ssh/id_dsa type 2 debug1: identity file /.../.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.2 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.2 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.9 debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "..." from file "/.../.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type RSA in file /.../.ssh/known_hosts:9 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug3: order_hostkeyalgs: prefer hostkeyalgs: [email protected],[email protected],ssh-rsa debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],[email protected],ssh-rsa,[email protected],[email protected],ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-256-96,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-512-96,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-256-96,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-512-96,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug2: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 136/256 debug2: bits set: 523/1024 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Server host key: RSA ... debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "..." from file "/.../.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type RSA in file /.../.ssh/known_hosts:9 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "x.x.x.x" from file "/.../.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type RSA in file /.../.ssh/known_hosts:9 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug1: Host '...' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /.../.ssh/known_hosts:9 debug2: bits set: 492/1024 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug2: kex_derive_keys debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug2: key: /.../.ssh/id_dsa (0x7f8b7b41d6c0) debug2: key: /.../.ssh/id_rsa (0x0) debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,password,keyboard-interactive debug3: preferred publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering DSA public key: /.../.ssh/id_dsa debug3: send_pubkey_test debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg ssh-dss blen 434 debug2: input_userauth_pk_ok: fp ... debug3: sign_and_send_pubkey: DSA ... debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey). Authenticated to ... ([x.x.x.x]:22). debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug3: ssh_session2_open: channel_new: 0 debug2: channel 0: send open debug1: Requesting [email protected] debug1: Entering interactive session. ****** Hangs here ****** debug2: callback start debug2: client_session2_setup: id 0 debug2: fd 3 setting TCP_NODELAY debug2: channel 0: request pty-req confirm 1 debug1: Sending environment. debug3: Ignored env TERM_PROGRAM debug3: Ignored env SHELL debug3: Ignored env TERM debug3: Ignored env TMPDIR debug3: Ignored env Apple_PubSub_Socket_Render debug3: Ignored env TERM_PROGRAM_VERSION debug3: Ignored env TERM_SESSION_ID debug3: Ignored env USER debug3: Ignored env COMMAND_MODE debug3: Ignored env SSH_AUTH_SOCK debug3: Ignored env Apple_Ubiquity_Message debug3: Ignored env __CF_USER_TEXT_ENCODING debug3: Ignored env PATH debug3: Ignored env MKL_NUM_THREADS debug3: Ignored env PWD debug1: Sending env LANG = en_US.UTF-8 debug2: channel 0: request env confirm 0 debug3: Ignored env HOME debug3: Ignored env SHLVL debug3: Ignored env DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH debug3: Ignored env PYTHONPATH debug3: Ignored env LOGNAME debug3: Ignored env DISPLAY debug3: Ignored env SECURITYSESSIONID debug3: Ignored env _ debug2: channel 0: request shell confirm 1 debug2: callback done debug2: channel 0: open confirm rwindow 0 rmax 32768 debug2: channel_input_status_confirm: type 99 id 0 debug2: PTY allocation request accepted on channel 0 debug2: channel 0: rcvd adjust 2097152 debug2: channel_input_status_confirm: type 99 id 0 debug2: shell request accepted on channel 0 On the server side, the debug output looks like: Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: inetd sockets after dupping: 3, 4 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: Connection from x.x.x.x port 52758 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: Current Session ID is 56AC0FB0 / Session Attributes are 00008000 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: Running in inetd mode in a non-root session... assuming inetd created the session for us. Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: Client protocol version 2.0; client software version OpenSSH_5.9 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.9 pat OpenSSH* Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.2 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: Checking with Service ACLs for ssh login restrictions Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: call to mbr_user_name_to_uuid with <...> suceeded to retrieve user_uuid Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: Call to mbr_check_service_membership failed with status <0> Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: PAM: initializing for "..." Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: PAM: setting PAM_RHOST to "x.x.x.x" Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: Failed none for ... from x.x.x.x port 52758 ssh2 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 509/20 (e=0/0) Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: trying public key file /.../.ssh/authorized_keys Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: restore_uid: 0/0 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 509/20 (e=0/0) Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: trying public key file /.../.ssh/authorized_keys2 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: fd 5 clearing O_NONBLOCK Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: matching key found: file /.../.ssh/authorized_keys2, line 1 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: Found matching DSA key: ... Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: restore_uid: 0/0 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 509/20 (e=0/0) Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: trying public key file /.../.ssh/authorized_keys Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: restore_uid: 0/0 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 509/20 (e=0/0) Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: trying public key file /.../.ssh/authorized_keys2 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: fd 5 clearing O_NONBLOCK Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: matching key found: file /.../.ssh/authorized_keys2, line 1 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: Found matching DSA key: ... Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: restore_uid: 0/0 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: ssh_dss_verify: signature correct Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: do_pam_account: called Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: Accepted publickey for ... from x.x.x.x port 52758 ssh2 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: monitor_child_preauth: ... has been authenticated by privileged process Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: PAM: establishing credentials ***** Hangs here ***** Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31435]: User child is on pid 31654 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: PAM: establishing credentials Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: permanently_set_uid: 509/20 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: Entering interactive session for SSH2. Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: server_init_dispatch_20 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: server_input_channel_open: ctype session rchan 0 win 1048576 max 16384 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: input_session_request Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: channel 0: new [server-session] Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_new: session 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_open: channel 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_open: session 0: link with channel 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: server_input_channel_open: confirm session Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: server_input_global_request: rtype [email protected] want_reply 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request pty-req reply 1 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req pty-req Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: Allocating pty. Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: session_new: session 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_pty_req: session 0 alloc /dev/ttys008 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request env reply 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req env Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request shell reply 1 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req shell Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31655]: debug1: Setting controlling tty using TIOCSCTTY.

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• Setup a new domain controller over a temporary VPN, but now Windows delays startup?

  - by Kris Anderson

  I'm migrating servers from colo locations to Amazon's VPC EC2 instances. If anyone hasn't worked with Amazon VPC before, VPN is a pain in the arse! Anyways, I setup a new server that acts as the domain controller for our Amazon VPC. In order to migrate all the user accounts from our existing domain controllers I manually connected to our colo VPN using my user account on the new Amazon EC2 machine. I was able to join the domain and the new Amazon server became another domain controller on our network. So far so good. The problem I'm having is that when booting the EC2 domain controller (which is no longer connected to the VPN so it can't communicate with the existing controllers), it takes a good 6-8 minuted before I can remote into the server (instead of the 1-2 minutes it should take). Also, during this time most of the services we also run (like IIS) also give 404 errors until the 6-8 minutes have passed. It's almost like the domain controller is attempting to reach the other domain controllers first and after 6-8 minutes it falls back to the one located on the local machine? I don't think that's what's happening though, because Server 2008 R2 doesn't have primary and backup domain controllers. They're all equal as far as Windows is concerned. For my network adapter I have only one DNS listed, 127.0.0.1, so it should be looking up the local domain controller and not the other domain controllers it connected to over VPN when VPN was enabled. In the server logs I'm seeing these warnings pop up during a reboot: The winlogon notification subscriber is taking long time to handle the notification event (CreateSession). The winlogon notification subscriber took 409 second(s) to handle the notification event (CreateSession). Any ideas on what's happening here? I would try removing the existing domain controllers from the new Amazon EC2 machine, but I still need to connect over VPN a few times to migrate some data between the servers, and I don't want that change being reflected back to the other domain controllers in our colo locations.

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• How to manually start and re-start Apache with mod_wsgi powering a password protected Python WSGI app?

  - by Mahmoud Abdelkader

  I'm working on a project where I have to meet some regulatory requirements that require at least 3 out of 5 authorized users to start a backend web service that handles very sensitive information using pre-assigned passwords. Right now, the prototype has been approved and is running using Python's wsgiref.simple_server(), which I have programmed to manually prompt for the passwords. Now that the prototype has been approved, I have to migrate the web application to a production environment where I will need to run it behind Apache and mod_wsgi. I have two questions: Right now, I use a thin Python wrapper around expect to programmatically allow for remote password entry. How do I get Apache to prompt me for a password before starting? Will this have to be in the app.wsgi script that's executed by mod_wsgi? How would that work since Apache daemonizes, and thus, has no stdin! Will I have to worry about some type of code reload? Apache probably has some maximum number of requests before it kills and restarts another worker process, but, would this require a password prompt as well?

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• How to configure VirtualBox server for performance at home

  - by BluJai

  I currently have two physical Ubuntu Server 10.10 servers at home: one serves as our firewall/router/DHCP/VPN server and the other performs double-duty as a file server and a VirtualBox host for an Ubuntu Desktop 10.10 machine which I use from remote connections (via NoMachine) for many thin-client purposes which are irrelevant to my question. What I'd like to accomplish is to consolidate the two physical machines into one which is a dedicated VirtualBox host (most likely running Ubuntu Server 10.10). Note that I'd like to stick with VirtualBox (if possible) because I'm most comfortable with it and use it on a daily basis at both home and work. Specifically, I plan to have one VM set up as file server, another as the firewall/router/DHCP/VPN (or possibly split those a bit) and a third, which is the only current VM (already VirtualBox), which is the thin-client host. My question comes down to performance and/or recommendations about the file server VM. The file server hosts about 6 terabytes of data across 4 drives. What I'd like to do is use raw disk access from the VM directly to the existing disks. However, I'm curious what performance advantage/disadvantage that would have as compared to using shared folders from the VM host and basically just have the whole drive served as a shared folder to the VM which would then serve it to the other machines on the network. I don't know if virtual disks would even work in this scenario and I certainly wouldn't want a drive to be filled with just a single file which is 1.5 TB (disk image). To add understanding of context, but not to get additional advice, I want to virtualize these machines because I intend to regularly use the snapshot capabilities of VirtualBox for the system disks (which will be virtual drives) of the VMs and I have some physical space/power needs to address (as I mentioned, this is at home).

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