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• Best Practise: DNS and VPN (with private network IPs)

  - by ribx

  I am trying to find the best solution for my DNS problem. We are running several services in our company that you can reach only over VPN. Other services, that are reachable through the internet got the domain ... At the moment all services inside the VPN network go by .local... These have an VPN IP of the private network 192.168.252.0/24. Clients reach from Linux over OSX to Windows. I can think of 4 possibilities to implement a DNS infrastructure: Most common: an internal DNS Server, that is pushed by the VPN. But this has several drawbacks: your DNS responses are limited to the speed of the VPN Connection and your own DNS server. Because of very complex websites, this can increase the time for a page to load quite a lot. Also: we have several VPNs that are not connected to each other and all of them have their own DNS server. Several DNS servers locally. These have to be configured by hand. And you have to use some third party tool like dnsmasq. If you start a DNS request, you ask your locally running DNS server, which decides which server to ask for which domain name. One college of mine uses such a solution with this OSX (I am sorry, I don't remember the name of the application). You use your domain hoster. Most of them have APIs available to manipulate your DNS entries. So you could pull your private network informations to your domain hoster. I am not sure whether they all accept private network IPs. But I guess there will be some problems in the same way as in number 4. The one we currently use, because it's for us the most logical choice: we forward the sub domain *.local.. to our own public DNS Server. This works quite good for some public DNS Servers like Google. But most ISPs do not forward the answers. Or don't do that always. Like my ISP sends me a positive result of the a DNS request of a *.local.. domain only every 10th time I make a nslookup. (Can someone explain this?) Here the real Question: Is there another solution we were not thinking about? Or: What of these methods do you use?

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• Understanding vhosts settings

  - by Matt

  Ok so i have a server and I want to put a few applications on and i am having vhost configuration problems. Here is what i have and I want some direction on what i am doing wrong...ok so the first file is /etc/apache2/ports.conf NameVirtualHost 184.106.111.142:80 Listen 80 <IfModule mod_ssl.c> Listen 443 </IfModule> <IfModule mod_gnutls.c> Listen 443 </IfModule> then i have /etc/apache2/sites-available/somesite.com <VirtualHost 184.106.111.142:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName somesite.com ServerAlias www.somesite.com DocumentRoot /srv/www/somesite.com/ ErrorLog /srv/www/somesite.com/logs/error.log CustomLog /srv/www/somesite.com/logs/access.log combined <Directory "/srv/www/somesite.com/"> AllowOverride all Options -MultiViews </Directory> </VirtualHost> when i visit somesite.com everything works great but when i add another vhost and lets say thats named anothersite.com. So i have /etc/apache2/sites-available/anothersite.com <VirtualHost 184.106.111.142:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName anothersite.com ServerAlias www.anothersite.com DocumentRoot /srv/www/anothersite.com/ ErrorLog /srv/www/anothersite.com/logs/error.log CustomLog /srv/www/anothersite.com/logs/access.log combined <Directory "/srv/www/anothersite.com/"> AllowOverride all Options -MultiViews </Directory> </VirtualHost> then i run the following commands >> sudo a2ensite anothersite.com Enabling site anothersite.com. Run '/etc/init.d/apache2 reload' to activate new configuration! >> /etc/init.d/apache2 reload * Reloading web server config apache2 ...done. but when i visit anothersite.com or somesite.com they are both down..What is going on with the vhosts. Could it be the NameVirtualHost declaration with the ip or something...maybe my understanding of vhost settings is not clear. What i dont understand is why do both site now all the sudden not work at all.I would highly appreciate the clarity By the way anothersite.com or somesite.com are the only things I changed to make it more readable

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• xterm not wrapping text properly

  - by mulllhausen

  I'm configuring both my gnome-terminal and xterm columns (i still haven't picked which of these I will be using) and I have a couple of issues I would like to fix: the typing area seems to be smaller (fewer columns) than the display area the typed text is not wrapping to the next line when it reaches the end - it just continues back around on the same line, overwriting the prompt (i have set a custom bash prompt with PS1 in case this is relevant) $ lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Debian Description: Debian GNU/Linux 7.1 (wheezy) Release: 7.1 Codename: wheezy $ echo $TERM xterm $ stty -a [peter@pc ~] $ stty -a speed 38400 baud; rows 52; columns 126; line = 0; intr = ^C; quit = ^\; erase = ^?; kill = ^U; eof = ^D; eol = M-^?; eol2 = M-^?; swtch = M-^?; start = ^Q; stop = ^S; susp = ^Z; rprnt = ^R; werase = ^W; lnext = ^V; flush = ^O; min = 1; time = 0; -parenb -parodd cs8 hupcl -cstopb cread -clocal -crtscts -ignbrk brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip -inlcr -igncr icrnl ixon -ixoff -iuclc ixany imaxbel iutf8 opost -olcuc -ocrnl onlcr -onocr -onlret -ofill -ofdel nl0 cr0 tab0 bs0 vt0 ff0 isig icanon iexten echo echoe echok -echonl -noflsh -xcase -tostop -echoprt echoctl echoke $[peter@mine ~] $ # the column width only goes up to here ------------------------------------------------> the results are identical in both the xterm and in gnome-terminal 3.4.1.1 and as you can see, the output of the stty -a command goes right up to the edge of the screen, while the typing does not go that far. I have found that I can get the desired result by setting the columns to a very large number, eg: $ stty cols 1800 this fixes both problems. Is it the right way to go about solving this problem? Will this "break" any of the output from programs? So far I have tried top and stty -a and these seem OK. more info as requested in the comments i found that if i cat some input into a file then the columns actually strech the full width of the terminal window: [peter@mine applications] $ cat > /tmp/asd aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaasssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq qqqq does this imply that it is actually bash that is restricting the number of columns and not the terminal? if so then how to alter the number of columns in bash?

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• ubuntu hardrive repartition without uninstalling ubuntu or windows 7 and losing data of hardrive

  - by user141692

  I have and asus r500v with 750 gb gpt system uefi motherboard core i7 3610qm, nvidia geforce gt, with ubuntu and w7 dual boot, I had problems installing ubuntu because of the grub but I fix it with https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/grub2/+bug/807801, but I still have the problem of "warning: the partition is misaligned by 3072 bytes. this may result iin very poor performance. Repartitioning is suggested" in every linux partitioin I made and my 750 gb is not being used at the maximun capacity it only uses 698 gb. I want to make partitions so that the warning doesnt show up and I can use the maximum capacity of the HDD, as I did with another dual boot laptop (compaq presario cq40). I have the following partitions: unknown 1.0Mb: partition type: lynux Basic DAta partition, device: /dev/sda2 Usage: --, Partition flags: --, partition label:-- warning: the partition is misaligned by 3072 bytes. this may result in very poor performance. repartitioning is suggested. -system 210 Mb FAt, usage: Filesystem, partition type: EFI system Partition, Partition Flags:--, Label: system, Device: /dev/sda1, partition label: EFI system partition, Capacity 210MB, avilable:--, Mount Point: mounted at /boot/efi -134 Mb NTFS, usage: filesystem, partition type: linux basic data partition, partition flags:.--, device: /dev/sda7, partition label: --, capacity: 134MB,available:--, mount point: not mounted -OS 250 GB NTFS, usage: file system, partititon type: linux basic data partition, partition flags: --, type: NTFS, label: OS, device: /dev/sda3, partition label: basic data partition, capacity: 250 GB, available:-, mount point: not mounted -10GB FAT 32, usage: filesystem, partition type: EFI system partition, partition flags:--, type: FAT 32, label: --, device: /dev/sda4, partition label: --, capacity: 10GB, available:--, mount point: not mounted warning: the partition is misaligned by 3072 bytes. this may result in very poor performance. repartitioning is suggested. -10gb ext 4, usage: file system, partition type: linux basic data partition, partition flags:--, type: EXT4(version1) label:--, device: /dev/sda9, partition label:--, capacity: 10 GB, available:--, mount point at / warning: the partition is misaligned by 1536 bytes. this may result in very poor performance. repartitioning is suggested. -478GB ext4, usage: filesystem, partition type: linux basic data partition, partition flags:--, type: EXT4, label:--, device: /dev/sda5, partition label:--, capacity: 478gb, available:--, mount point: mounted at /home warning: the partition is misaligned by 512 bytes. this may result in very poor performance. repartitioning is suggested. -2.0gb Swap 2.0Gb, usage: swap space, partition type: linux swap partitioin, partition flags:-, device: /dev/sda6, partition label: capacity: 2.0gb warning: the partition is misaligned by 512 bytes. this may result in very poor performance. repartitioning is suggested. and as you can see it is not well organized so please help me to organize the partitions witahout uninstalling the w7, and if possible the grub2

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• Directory listing through FTPS (TLS) is not working

  - by Aron Rotteveel

  We recently switched our server to require TLS for every connection. This is working flawlessly so far, but one of our clients is having problems. Some facts: Server uses Pure-FTPD Server has a passive port range configured Server has no firewall limitations regarding the FTP Client uses WS FTP Client is behind a router Client connects to the same IP as every other, using PASSIVE mode All other clients have no trouble connecting Because of the TLS requirement, connecting using ACTIVE mode is almost not possible, but PASSIVE is working fine for everyone except this specific client. It seems that he is able to connect, but once a LIST command is performed, things go wrong. Log: Finding Host <clienthost> ... Connecting to <serverip:21> Connected to <serverip:21> in 0.020000 seconds, Waiting for Server Response Initializing SSL Session ... 220---------- Welcome to Pure-FTPd [privsep] [TLS] ---------- 220-You are user number 5 of 50 allowed. 220-Local time is now 22:14. Server port: 21. 220-This is a private system - No anonymous login 220-IPv6 connections are also welcome on this server. 220 You will be disconnected after 15 minutes of inactivity. AUTH TLS 234 AUTH TLS OK. SSL session NOT set for reuse SSL Session Started. Host type (1): Automatic Detect USER <user> 331 User <user> OK. Password required PASS (hidden) 230-User <user> has group access to: <user> 230 OK. Current restricted directory is / SYST 215 UNIX Type: L8 Host type (2): Unix (Standard) PBSZ 0 200 PBSZ=0 PROT P 200 Data protection level set to "private" PWD 257 "/" is your current location CWD /public_html 250 OK. Current directory is /public_html PWD257 "/public_html" is your current location TYPE A 200 TYPE is now ASCII PASV 227 Entering Passive Mode (<serverip>,132,100) connecting data channel to <serverip>:132,100(33892) Substituting connection address <serverip> for private address <serverip> from PASV Using external address <customer ext. ip> instead of local address <customer int. ip> for PORT command PORT 82,161,56,225,195,181 200 PORT command successful LIST Error reading response from server. It appears that the connection is dead. Attempting reconnect... Any help is appreciated.

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• Need help making an ODBC MySQL Connection

  - by Andy Moore

  Short Version: How do I connect from PowerShell to an ODBC 5.1 MySQL Driver? I can't seem to find any connection strings that accurately have a "Provider" field for this particular instance. (See bottom of this question for examples/errors) ===== Long Version: I'm not a server guy, and I've been handed the task of setting up PowerGadgets on our network. I have a MySQL server running on a Linux box, that is configured for remote access and has a user defined for remote access as well. On my windows desktop PC, I have PowerGadgets installed. I installed the MySQL ODBC 5.1 connector, and went to Control Panel Data Sources and set up a User DSN connection to the database. The connection, user, and pass seem to be correct because it lists the tables of the database in my windows control panel. Where I'm running into trouble is in 3 places in PowerGadgets: When selecting a data source, I can select "SQL Server". Inputting the servers IP address does not work and I can't get this option to work at all. When selecting a data source, I can select "OleDB". This screen has a wizard on it, that appears to populate all the correct information (including database table names!) for me. "Test Connection" runs great. But if I try to complete the wizard, I get the error "The .NET Framework data provider for OLEDB does not support the MS Ole DB provider for ODBC Drivers." When selecting a data source, I can select "ODBC". This screen does not have a wizard and I cannot figure out a "connection string" that works. Typically it will respond with the error "The field 'Provider' is missing". Googling ODBC connection strings doesn't reveal any examples with a "provider" field and have no idea what to put in here. The connection string (for #2) above contains "SQLOLEDB" as a provider, and upon inputting that value into this connection string I get the same connection error that #2 gets. I believe I can solve my problems by figuring out a connection string for #3 but don't know where to get started. (PowerGadgets also allows for PowerShell support but I believe I will run into the same problem there) == Here's my current PowerShell connection that doesn't work: invoke-sql -connection "Driver={MySQL ODBC 5.1 Driver};Initial Catalog=hq_live;Data Source=HQDB" -sql "Select * FROM accounts" Spits back the error: "Invoke-Sql : An OLE DB Provider was not specified in the ConnectionString. An example would be, 'Provider=SQLOLEDB;'. == Another string that doesn't work: invoke-sql -connection "Provider=MSDASQL.1;Persist Security Info=False;Data Source=HQDB;Initial Catalog=hq_live" -sql "select * from accounts" And the error: The .Net Framework Data Provider for OLEDB (System.Data.OleDb) does not support the Microsoft OLE DB Provider for ODBC Drivers (MSDASQL). Use the .Net Framework Data Provider for ODBC (System.Data.Odbc).

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• Moving windows-2003 hdd into virtual machine - with HDD shrink

  - by jm666

  Before you vote to close as exact duplicate, please read the full question. I was already read: Can I make a virtual machine out of a Windows XP physical machine? Disk2vhd,convert my PC to Hyper-V Virtual Machine Creating a Windows Virtual PC image from a Physical machine physical machine to virtual machine and place into VirtualBox BSOD trying to migrate Windows XP from a physical to a virtual machine http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical-to-Virtual and all other similiar questions here and several external sites too Unfortunately, don't find answer for my problem. I have an physical machine with 500GB HDD, on what is installed old Windows-2003 server with one server application. The application is like the windows itself, too old, no support for it today, haven't installation media and so on.. ;( On the HDD it is used only approx. 100MB (maybe less when will delete all unnecessary files). Want convert the the machine into the VirtualBox, and the VirtualBox should run on the same machine. Is possible to do this with the next steps? I can attach another HDD (via USB or internally) Boot an live Linux from CD, mount HDDs Run "something" on the Linux (the above wikipedia article have many pointer for the SW) for the conversion and store the image on the USB HDD - unfortunately, many of tools uses some specialty what exists in Windows-XP and above. No informations about Windows-2003 server, so what is an working solution for Windows-2003? try boot the virtual image with VirtualBox when it will run ok, remove the old installation, install Linux on the old 500GB hdd, copy the image and run.. The above should works (i hope), but the problems: i currently have only 320GB external USB hdd. (ofc, i can remove it from a box and enter it as internal HDD too) so, for the conversion I looking for the on the fly HDD shrink, so while moving the physical 500GB HDD need shrink it into smaller HDD - as i told above, only 100MB is used Exists something for this? (free) - or the only way is buying and larger 1TB hdd and using it for the conversion? Another question are: is anybody have real experience with windows-2003 conversion into VirtualBox? Looking for an answer from someone who really doing it and can figure out real pitfalls. (googling can do myself). exists here better approach for the solution?

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• Guests can't access KVM host server by name although nslookup and dig returns correct record

  - by user190196

  So I have a KVM host that also runs an apache server with some yum repos. The VM guests are connected to the default virtual network, which is configured to offer DHCP and forwarding with NAT on virbr0 (192.168.12.1). The guests can successfully access the yum repos on the host by IP address, so for example curl 192.168.122.1/repo1 returns the content without problems. But I'd like to have the guests be able to reach the web server on the host by name rather IP address. I added the desired name record to the host's /etc/hosts file and libvirt's dnsmasq service seems to be serving that correctly to the guests since nslookup and dig successfully resolve the name on the guests: [root@localhost ~]# nslookup repo Server: 192.168.122.1 Address: 192.168.122.1#53 Name: repo Address: 192.168.122.1 [root@localhost ~]# dig repo ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 <<>> repo ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 55938 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;repo. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: repo. 0 IN A 192.168.122.1 ;; Query time: 0 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.122.1#53(192.168.122.1) ;; WHEN: Tue Sep 17 02:10:46 2013 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 38 But curl/ping/etc still fail: [root@localhost ~]# curl repo curl: (6) Couldn't resolve host 'repo' While a request via ip address works: [root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.122.1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN"> <html> <head> <title>Index of /</title> [...] Same with ping: [root@localhost ~]# ping repo ping: unknown host repo [root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.122.1 PING 192.168.122.1 (192.168.122.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.122.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.110 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.122.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.146 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.122.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.191 ms ^C --- 192.168.122.1 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2298ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.110/0.149/0.191/0.033 ms I tried adding repo 192.168.122.1 to the guests' /etc/hosts files but still no dice. Also tried changing guests' /etc/nsswitch.conf with both: hosts: files dns and hosts: dns files I've read the relevant libvirt documentation and I'm not sure where else to learn more about this and be able to move forward with it.

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• Why is site serving different SSL certs to different browsers?

  - by TRiG

  The SSL certificate on menswearireland.com and on www.menswearireland.com works fine on Safari, Chrome, SeaMonkey, K-Meleon, QtWeb, Firefox, and Opera. However, Internet Explorer claims that there is an error: The security certificate presented by this website was not issued by a trusted certificate authority. The security certificate presented by this website was issued for a different website's address. Security certificate problems may indicate an attempt to fool you or intercept any data you send to the server. Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/5.0) Another site hosted on the same managed server shows no errors: achill-fieldschool.com and www.achill-fieldschool.com work fine on IE, even though as far as I can tell the certificate is set up identically. What am I doing wrong? This is a LAMPP server running Plesk. It looks like the server is showing different certificates to different clients. To some clients it shows a RapidSSL certificate made out to www.menswearireland.com with menswearireland.com as a valid alternative name. To other clients, it shows a Parallels Panel certificate, made out to Parallels Panel. Here are results from a few different online SSL checkers: most say it's fine, while two show errors. Three online checkers say it's valid Comodo SSL Check shows it as valid DigiCert SSL Check shows it as valid SSL Shopper SSL Check shows it as valid Common name: www.menswearireland.com SANs: www.menswearireland.com, menswearireland.com Valid from October 2, 2012 to November 4, 2013 Serial Number: 559425 (0x88941) Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption Issuer: RapidSSL CA Another online checker seems to see a completely different certificate GeoCerts SSL Check shows it as invalid Common name: Parallels Panel Organization: Parallels Valid from August 15, 2012 to August 15, 2013 Issuer: Parallels Panel Another online checker sees more than one certificate Symantic SSL Check shows it as invalid The certificate installation checker connected to the Web server and read its certificates, but could not determine which is the primary certificate for the Web server. Incidentally, on both menswearireland.com and achill-fieldschool.com the homepage will redirect from HTTPS to HTTP. To see SSL details, visit the page /account on both (that page will redirect from HTTP to HTTPS). I’ve found more information in a more detailed online SSL checker. https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=menswearireland.com This site works only in browsers with SNI support My understanding is that SNI (RFC 6066) is a method for putting many SSL sites on one shared IP address and port. This does not work on Internet Explorer on older versions of Windows (this has to do with the version of Windows, not the version of Internet Explorer). However, all our SSL sites are on a unique IP address, so we shouldn’t need SNI.

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• HT Link Sync Error after Ubuntu 10.04 LTS Installation

  - by marklab

  Update 1 I just assembled an exact replica of this server, and successfully installed Ubuntu 10.04 LTS in a RAID10 configuration. The success was confirmed by a login to the initial account. There must be a hardware component that is faulty. Since the error mentions HT, which I believe to be Hyper Threading, I will start with the CPUs. Please indicate if this error is more strongly associated with any other piece of hardware. Or make a recommendation of another approach that would be good for this issue. Issue I was attempting to install Ubuntu 10.04 LTS on this system with the board RAID10 configured. However, the installation failed at the partitioning stage by rebooting the system. Upon reboot, there is an error report after POST listing the following: Node0: NB WatchDog Timer Error Node1: HT Link Sync Error Node2: HT Link Sync Error ... Node7: HT Link Sync Error Press F1 to continue/resume. After pressing F1 the system will boot from the Ubuntu 10.04 LTS installation disc. However, it will fail at the same stage, and go through the same process from there. Hardware CPU: AMD OPTERON X12 6172 G34 2.1G 18MB Motherboard: Supermicro H8QG6-F HDD: WD Caviar Green 2TB 5.4K RPM Troubleshooting I disabled RAID10 on the system, and installed the Ubuntu on a single drive. It installed successfully. I then went back to a RAID10 setup and attempted to install on the system again, and was able to make it through the partitioning stage. However, upon reboot, the system reported: Error: file not found, and then booted me into the Grub Rescue console. I feel I have aggravated the problem at this point because when I attempted to install from the boot disc again, the system reboots upon hitting enter to even start the installation process. It does the same thing when trying to boot from an Ubuntu 11 disc. I have not been able to find any information on this HT Link Sync Error, which I feel may have started the problems I am experiencing now with the installation of the OS. I am also aware that Ubuntu is said not to be supported by the motherboard according to Supermicro's site. However, since I was able to install it successfully on a single drive, I do not believe it is incompatible. I would like to know a reason for why it's failing to install on/off.

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• Persistent Issues on small business network using Cisco 871W and Catalyst Express 500

  - by Ben Campbell

  Being the most qualified (read: still not qualified) to solve our persistant network issues, I've turned to serverfault for guidance. I've done some searching, reading related documentation on cisco.com and tried a bit of troubleshooting. Here is the config: 100mb synchronous connection from a business internet provider (tested multiple times at 100meg at the source) Cisco 871W wireless point & router is where the WAN connection starts (this serves all our wireless). The only wired connection in the 871W is the Catalyst switch listed below. Cisco Catalyst Express 500 (24TT) is where all the wired connections terminate. About 20 Windows workstations and servers (AD/Webservers only). Some services in EC2 including mail and other web servers/apps. I've been TOLD cabling internally should be gigabit-ready. Here are the problems: generally slow download rates from the internet to the desktop/laptop frequent "page cannot be displayed" errors in browsers-sometimes 3 or 4 reloads are necessary... often times CSS wont load or other content requiring the browser to connect to a different server. slow speed within the LAN from workstation to workstation copying files. I would expect extremely fast data transfer workstation to workstation / server to workstation in this simple network. Several things I need to admit: I'm not primarily a network guy. Funding is relatively low, I need to be the guy that finds the solution. I understand most of the terminology and most of the technology. Implementation is where I fail due to lack of experience. Getting to the point: I'm wondering whether experienced network admins think that our small network should be sufficiently served with our current hardware if configured properly... or if we should purchase new equipment and start fresh? If starting fresh is the plan, whatever that new equipment may be is a likely different question entirely. If I haven't provided enough information, I will happily do some troubleshooting and update with the results. I have experience using wireshark and some other tools. Please let me know what you think would be most helpful and thanks in advance. EDIT: I forgot to add that the Cisco applicance will not finish loading the SDM Express console. It hangs every time at the "populating modules... DHCP". It eventually crashes and closes. I've rebooted the hardware and this still happens.

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• How to correctly partition usb flash drive and which filesystem to choose considering wear leveling?

  - by random1

  Two problems. First one: how to partition the flash drive? I shouldn't need to do this, but I'm no longer sure if my partition is properly aligned since I was forced to delete and create a new partition table after gparted complained when I tried to format the drive from FAT to ext4. The naive answer would be to say "just use default and everything is going to be alright". However if you read the following links you'll know things are not that simple: https://lwn.net/Articles/428584/ and http://linux-howto-guide.blogspot.com/2009/10/increase-usb-flash-drive-write-speed.html Then there is also the issue of cylinders, heads and sectors. Currently I get this: $sfdisk -l -uM /dev/sdd Disk /dev/sdd: 30147 cylinders, 64 heads, 32 sectors/track Warning: The partition table looks like it was made for C/H/S=*/255/63 (instead of 30147/64/32). For this listing I'll assume that geometry. Units = mebibytes of 1048576 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End MiB #blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 1 30146 30146 30869504 83 Linux $fdisk -l /dev/sdd Disk /dev/sdd: 31.6 GB, 31611420672 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3843 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00010c28 So from my current understanding I should align partitions at 4 MiB (currently it's at 1 MiB). But I still don't know how to set the heads and sectors properly for my device. Second problem: file system. From the benchmarks I saw ext4 provides the best performance, however there is the issue of wear leveling. How can I know that my Transcend JetFlash 700's microcontroller provides for wear leveling? Or will I just be killing my drive faster? I've seen a lot of posts on the web saying don't worry the newer drives already take care of that. But I've never seen a single piece of backed evidence of that and at some point people start mixing SSD with USB flash drives technology. The safe option would be to go for ext2, however a serious of tests that I performed showed horrible performance!!! These values are from a real scenario and not some synthetic test: 42 files: 3,429,415,284 bytes copied to flash drive original fat32: 15.1 MiB/s ext4 after new partition table: 10.2 MiB/s ext2 after new partition table: 1.9 MiB/s Please read the links that I posted above before answering. I would also be interested in answers backed up with some references because a lot is said and re-said but then it lacks facts. Thank you for the help.

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• Gateway on a virtual network interface used by LXC guests

  - by linkdd

  I'm currently having some problems with configuring a gateway for a virtual network interface. Here is what I've done : I created a virtual network interface : # brctl addbr lxc0 # brctl setfd lxc0 0 # ifconfig lxc0 192.168.0.1 promisc up # route add -net default gw 192.168.0.1 lxc0 The output of ifconfig gave me what I wanted : lxc0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 22:4f:e4:40:89:bb inet adr:192.168.0.1 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Masque:255.255.255.0 adr inet6: fe80::88cf:d4ff:fe47:3b6b/64 Scope:Lien UP BROADCAST RUNNING PROMISC MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:623 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:7412 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 lg file transmission:0 RX bytes:50329 (49.1 KiB) TX bytes:335738 (327.8 KiB) I configured dnsmasq to provide a DNS server (using the default : 192.168.1.1) and a DHCP server. Then, my LXC guest is configured like this : lxc.network.type=veth lxc.network.link=lxc0 lxc.network.flags=up Every thing is working perfectly, my containers have an IP (192.168.0.57 and 192.168.0.98). I can ping the host and the containers from the containers and from the host : (host)# ping -c 3 192.168.0.114 PING 192.168.0.114 (192.168.0.114) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.0.114: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.044 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.0.114: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.038 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.0.114: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.043 ms --- 192.168.0.114 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1998ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.038/0.041/0.044/0.007 ms (guest)# ping -c 3 192.168.0.1 PING 192.168.0.1 (192.168.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.048 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.042 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.042 ms --- 192.168.0.1 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.042/0.044/0.048/0.003 ms Now, it's time to configure the host as a gateway for the network 192.168.0.0/24 : #!/bin/sh # Clear rules iptables -F iptables -t nat -F iptables -t mangle -F iptables -X iptables -A FORWARD -i lxc0 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o lxc0 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward The final test failed completely, ping the outside : (guest)# ping -c 3 google.fr PING google.fr (173.194.67.94) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.0.1: icmp_seq=3 Redirect Host(New nexthop: wi-in-f94.1e100.net (173.194.67.94)) From 192.168.0.1 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.0.1 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.0.1 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable --- google.fr ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 0 received, +3 errors, 100% packet loss, time 2017ms Did I missed something ?

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• Nameserver not resolving or domain not pingable [closed]

  - by Ricky

  Sorry, if anyone can think of a better title please change it! I want to host my own websites from home. For testing purposes, I have a virtual machine running a trial version of Windows Server 2008 Enterprise. Note I currently run a VPS and host my own websites but due to a nice speed upgrade on our line I now want to host from home. I have several domains but I wanted to test with one, that is rickyoleary.com. Our ISP does not provide static IP addresses unless we have a business account so I've been looking at no-ip.com. I admit my networking isn't the best, hence this question but I've been bashing my head all day on this one. I created a host name, muffinbubble.no-ip.org which runs on IP: 86.148.124.15. I've setup IIS on the server with a simple test page. I've then forwarded port 80 traffic from the router and from what I can see, it's working. If I access my website (I was unable to link to this for some reason so please copy and paste this) - http://86.148.124.15/ - I see my test page. So the next step was to create my nameservers. This domain is with namecheap.com so I created my nameservers, ns1.rickyoleary.com and ns2.rickyoleary.com. Both these point to the same IP (and yes, that will be changed after testing), the same IP as above: 86.148.124.15. On the server itself I have set up DNS entries as below which I believe to be correct and added rickyoleary.com and www.rickyoleary.com in the host headers (or bindings) in IIS 7.0. If I try and look up my domain, rickyoleary.com it shows ns1.rickyoleary.com and ns2.rickyoleary.com as the nameservers. I then tried to use just-ping.com on my nameserver ns1.rickyoleary.com. I get 100% packets lost, but the correct IP address is returned (I'm guessing the router does not allow pings, but is still accessible...). I get no response when pinging rickyoleary.com. Here's the problems: I cannot ping ns1.rickyoleary.com or ns2.rickyoleary.com from a command prompt. I'm not sure if this is an issue. When I added the nameservers in Windows Server 2008 and clicked 'resolve' a message box displays stating "No such host is known". I cannot ping rickyoleary.com. rickyoleary.com is not showing my test page on my server. Now - please note, I've waited around 6 hours for propagation. From my experience, although you're told to wait 24 - 48 hours, the changes are normally pretty quick so perhaps I'm being impatient or naive to think it should all be working fine until then. I would really appreciate some help here. Thanks.

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• OpenBSD pf 'match in all scrub (no-df)' causes HTTPS to be unreachable on mobile network

  - by Frank ter V.

  First of all: excuse me for my poor usage of the English language. For several years I'm experiencing problems with the 'match in all scrub (no-df)' rule in pf. I can't find out what's happening here. I'll try to be clear and simple. The pf.conf has been extremely shortened for this forum posting. Here is my pf.conf: set skip on lo0 match in all scrub (no-df) block all block in quick from urpf-failed pass in on em0 proto tcp from any to 213.125.xxx.xxx port 80 synproxy state pass in on em0 proto tcp from any to 213.125.xxx.xxx port 443 synproxy state pass out on em0 from 213.125.xxx.xxx to any modulate state HTTP and HTTPS are working fine. Until the moment a customer in France (Wanadoo DSL) couldn't view HTTPS pages! I blamed his provider and did no investigation on that problem. But then... I bought an Android Samsung Galaxy SII (Vodafone) to monitor my servers. Hours after I walked out of the telephone store: no HTTPS-connections on my server! I thought my servers were down, drove back to the office very fast. But they were up. I discovered that disabling the rule match in all scrub (no-df) solves the problem. Android phone (Vodafone NL) and Wanadoo DSL FR are now OK on HTTPS. But now I don't have any scrubbing anymore. This is not what I want. Does anyone here understand what is going on? I don't. Enabling scrubbing causes HTTPS webpages not to be loaded on SOME ISP's, but not all. In systat, I strangely DO see a state created and packets received from those ISP's... Still confused. I'm using OpenBSD 5.1/amd64 and OpenBSD 5.0/i386. I have two ISP's at my office (one DSL and one cable). Affects both. This can be reproduced quite easily. I hope someone has experience with this problem. Greetings, Frank

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• How to diagnose repeated "Starting up database '<dbname>'"

  - by Richard Slater

  I have a SQL 2008 server which is predominantly used as a development server, in the last two weeks it has been having occasional "fits", I have isolated the cause of these fits as CHECKDB being run almost continuiously, the following log information is logged to the Windows Event Log (Source: MSSQLSERVER, Category: Server): Event: 1073758961, Message: Starting up database 'DBName1'. Event: 1073758961, Message: Starting up database 'DBName2'. Event: 1073759397, Message: CHECKDB for database 'DBName1' finished without errors on 2010-07-19 20:29:26.993 (local time). This is an informational message only; no user action is required. Event: 1073759397, Message: CHECKDB for database 'DBName1' finished without errors on 2010-07-19 20:29:26.993 (local time). This is an informational message only; no user action is required. This is repeated every 1-2 seconds untill SQL Server is restarted or the offending databases are detatched. I initially thought that it was a problem with the databases so I took a backup and restored them to a SQL Express instance, all of the data is in tact, and CHECKDB runs without problem. The two databases that were causing a problem last week were not being used; so I took full backups of them and detached the databases, this resolved the problem. However at 0100 GMT this morning to other totally unrelated databases started showing the same problems. There is nothing in the event log to suggest that something happened to the server such as a restart, there are no messages about processes crashing or issues being detected with the storage controller. Speaking to the owner of the company this computer has suffered from "gremlins" in the past, however advice was taken and the motherboard was replaced and the computer rebuilt, memory and processor are the same. Stats: O/S: Windows 2008 Standard Build 6002 CPU: 2x Pentium Dual-Core E5200 @ 2.5GHz RAM: 2GB SQL: 2008 Standard 10.0.2531 Edit: someone posted then deleted a comment about AutoClose, it was turned on on the databases affected. It seems that best practice is to disable it so I have done that with the folllowing. EXECUTE sp_MSforeachdb 'IF (''?'' NOT IN (''master'', ''tempdb'', ''msdb'', ''model'')) EXECUTE (''ALTER DATABASE [?] SET AUTO_CLOSE OFF WITH NO_WAIT'')' I won't know if the problem recurs for some time so I am still open to further answers.

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• Windows 7 x64 installation freezes on new PC build

  - by jhsowter

  Symptoms While attempting to install Windows 7 (64 bit) on my new PC build, it freezes usually at the point where it is expanding the windows image, but has frozen as early as accepting the licence agreement, and as late as just after the first restart. My specs are at the bottom of the post. So far I have tried the following to identify the problem, in rough chronological order: Tried different hard drives with different sata cables. Same symptoms. I later used a different computer to install windows on the same hard drive with no problems. Tried the RAM in different slots, and tried one RAM stick instead of two. Same symptoms. Updated the BIOS to 1.60. Same symptoms. Ran Memtest86+ with RAM in dual channel. It passed about 6 times when I left it running overnight. Used USB to install windows instead of an optical drive. Same symptoms. Change SATA configuration from AHCI to IDE. Same symptoms. Tried various different SATA ports. Same symptoms. Updated BIOS to 1.70. Same symptoms. I saw the RAM did not list my motherboard as being supported even though the motherboard did list the RAM as being supported. So I tried some Kingston DDR3 1333MHz RAM instead. Same symptoms. Other (possibly) pertinent information My CPU idles at about 30 °C. I can't tell what it gets to when it's working. When I installed the CPU, the lever which locks the CPU in place took quite a bit of force to pull down. Now I didn't just yank it down without rechecking the CPU was seated properly about 5 times, but it does seems unusual, and I wonder if the CPU was seated badly if I would see these symptoms? I am out of ideas and don't know how to diagnose any further. I suppose either the motherboard or CPU must be the problem. I am on the verge of taking it to a specialist. The Question How should I proceed from here? Is there anything I can rule out as being the source of the symptoms I am seeing? My Specs CPU: Intel i5 3570k RAM: G.Skill RipjawsX 8GB kit HDD: single 3.5" 500GB SATA or 160GB 2.5" SATA (at different times and sometime together. But no RAID or anything). MB: ASRock Extreme4 Z77 PSU: Silverstone Strider Plus 600W ST60F-P

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• Squid 2.7.STABLE3-4.1 as a transparent proxy on Ubuntu Server 9.04

  - by LOGIC9

  Can't get this to work at all! I'm trying to get this linux box to act as a transparent proxy and, with the help of DHCP, force everyone on the network to gate into the proxy. I have two ethernet connections, both to the same switch. And I'm trying to get 192.168.1.234 to become the default gateway. The actual WAN connection is to a gateway 192.168.1.1. eth0 is 192.168.1.234 eth1 is 192.168.1.2 Effectively I'm trying to make eth0 a LAN only interface and eth1 a WAN interface. I've oi should set the gateway for eth1 to point to 192.168.1.234 my squid.conf file has the following directives added at the bottom: nly set eth0 to have a gateway address in /etc/network/interfaces I'm not sure whether http_port 3128 transparent acl lan src 192.168.1.0/24 acl lh src 127.0.0.1/255.255.255.0 http_access allow lan http_access allow lh i've added the following routing commands: iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.2:3128 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 3128 I set a computer with TCP settings 192.168.1.234 as the gateway and opened up google.com, but it comes up with a request error. Any ideas why this isn't working? :( Been searching continuously for a solution to no avail. ----------------------------- EDIT ------------------------------- Managed to get it to route properly to the squid, here's the error I get in the browser: ERROR The requested URL could not be retrieved While trying to process the request: GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: www.google.com User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-GB; rv:1.9.1.2) Gecko/20090729 Firefox/3.5.2 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 Accept-Language: en-gb,en;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7 Keep-Alive: 300 Connection: keep-alive Cache-Control: max-age=0 The following error was encountered: * Invalid Request Some aspect of the HTTP Request is invalid. Possible problems: * Missing or unknown request method * Missing URL * Missing HTTP Identifier (HTTP/1.0) * Request is too large * Content-Length missing for POST or PUT requests * Illegal character in hostname; underscores are not allowed Your cache administrator is webmaster. Generated Mon, 26 Oct 2009 03:41:15 GMT by mjolnir.lloydharrington.local (squid/2.7.STABLE3)

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• why can't I open a port on Win 7? is it the app's fault?

  - by rjnagle

  I am having problems opening a port from one Windows PC on my local network. On Windows 7 computer ("Computer A") I running Calibre, an ebook management program that has something called an "ebook content server" . In essence, it serves via the web a content catalog. From Computer A, I can access the content server on localhost. ie. http://127.0.0.1:8787 calls up the content server successfully. With ipconfig I have confirmed that its local IP address is 192.168.1.106 From Computer B (a Vista Machine) I can ping 192.168.1.106 I have tried opening/editing a port in the Windows Firewall several times. In Windows firewall -- Allowed Programs in Control Panel, I see a listing for Calibre (with both Home/Work and PUblic checked) In details, I see Name: Calibre, Port Number 8787, Protocol TCP If I use the Advanced Security configuration screen for the firewall, I created an Inbound Rule on Computer A for Calibre (with the settings I indicated). If I run this command line on Computer A, I see: netstat -a -n TCP 0.0.0.0:554 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:664 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:2869 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:5357 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:6570 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:6580 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:8787 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:10243 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 192.168.1.106:63020 74.125.227.51:80 TIME_WAIT TCP [::]:80 [::]:0 LISTENING TCP [::]:135 [::]:0 LISTENING TCP [::]:443 [::]:0 LISTENING TCP [::]:445 [::]:0 LISTENING TCP [::]:554 [::]:0 LISTENING TCP [::]:2869 [::]:0 LISTENING TCP [::]:5357 [::]:0 LISTENING TCP [::]:6570 [::]:0 LISTENING TCP [::]:6580 [::]:0 LISTENING TCP [::]:10243 [::]:0 LISTENING TCP [::]:49152 [::]:0 LISTENING TCP [::]:49153 [::]:0 LISTENING TCP [::]:49154 [::]:0 LISTENING TCP [::]:49155 [::]:0 LISTENING TCP [::]:49170 [::]:0 LISTENING And lots of other junk, but this seems relevant, I see port 80 is open (I run xampp apache web server for windows on Machine A) This is the only time I see port 8787 referenced from the netstat commmand. From Windows Computer B, I can, ping 192.168.1.106 and even view http://drupal.local (on Computer A) and http://192.168.1.106/ (which goes to the Xampp config screen on Computer A). But I cannot access via Computer B htttp://192.168.1.106:8787 or htttp://computerhosta:8787 So what is going wrong? Is this a problem with the Calibre application or have I incorrectly opened the port? What things could possibly interfere with the opening of this port? On a sidenote, I have tried using telnet from Computer B to see if port 80 or 8787 is open for 192.168.1.106. I get no reply for either one. Thanks.

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• iPhone 3G refuses to transfer purchased apps to iTunes

  - by andynormancx

  My iPhone 3G refuses to transfer purchased apps to iTunes. This is causing me major problems with syncing. Whenever I attempt to transfer apps from the iPhone to iTunes it goes through the motions, but never actually transfers anything. It displays the various apps in the info area at the top of the screen, but the progress bar never advances. In comparison when I sync other iPhones, using the same install of iTunes, the progress bar advances and apps are transferred. The same also happens on clean installs of iTunes on other computers, it seems to be my iPhone that is the common factor. I have tried restoring the phone from a backup, which makes no difference. This started happening months ago and the phone has since been upgraded to 3.0 and 3.1, but the problem still persists. Originally it was just a minor irritation, but I made and attempt to fix it which has made things worse. I deleted all the apps from with iTunes and then did "Transfer purchases" in the hope that it might fix something. It didn't fix anything. Also, I cannot now sync at all. If I do sync iTunes now does "transferring purchases", fails to transfer and then deletes all the apps (and data) from my iPhone. It also means I can't sync music, podcasts or anything else. I can't sync anything else, because I can't temporarily turn off app syncing because then iTunes warns that the apps on the iPhone will be deleted. I also tried de-authorising and re-authorising. What can I do to get app syncing working again ? P.S. I have considered deleting all the apps and reinstalling them one by one, in the hope that it will fix the problem. However I don't really want to embark on doing that for 55+ apps and re-entering login details etc for the apps that need them, especially as I might then find out it didn't solve the problem. Update: The latest update to iTunes 9 has improved things in one key aspect. If I let a sync run to completion iTunes no longer deletes all the apps from my phone. So I can now sync all my other data, even if I still can't sync my apps. Resolved: See my answer to the question for how I finally resolved the problem.

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• Windows 2008 R2 CA and auto-enrollment: how to get rid of >100,000 issued certificates?

  - by HopelessN00b

  The basic problem I'm having is that I have 100,000 useless machine certificates cluttering up my CA, and I'd like to delete them, without deleting all certs, or time jumping the server ahead, and invalidating some of the useful certs on there. This came about as a result of accepting a couple defaults with our Enterprise Root CA (2008 R2) and using a GPO to auto-enroll client machines for certificates to allow 802.1x authentication to our corporate wireless network. Turns out that the default Computer (Machine) Certificate Template will happily allow machines to re-enroll instead of directing them to use the certificate they already have. This is creating a number of problems for the guy (me) who was hoping to use the Certificate Authority as more than a log of every time a workstation's been rebooted. (The scroll bar on the side is lying, if you drag it to the bottom, the screen pauses and loads the next few dozen certs.) Does anyone know how to DELETE 100,000 or so time-valid, existing certificates from a Windows Server 2008R2 CA? When I go to delete a certificate now, now, I get an error that it cannot be delete because it's still valid. So, ideally, some way to temporarily bypass that error, as Mark Henderson's provided a way to delete the certificates with a script once that hurdle is cleared. (Revoking them is not an option, as that just moves them to Revoked Certificates, which we need to be able to view, and they can't be deleted from the revoked "folder" either.) Update: I tried the site @MarkHenderson linked, which is promising, and offers much better certificate manageability, buts still doesn't quite get there. The rub in my case seems to be that the certificates are still "time-valid," (not yet expired) so the CA doesn't want to let them be deleted from existence, and this applies to revoked certs as well, so revoking them all and then deleting them won't work either. I've also found this technet blog with my Google-Fu, but unfortunately, they seemed to only have to delete a very large number of certificate requests, not actual certificates. Finally, for now, time jumping the CA forward so the certificates I want to get rid of expire, and therefore can be deleted with the tools at the site Mark linked is not a great option, as would expire a number of valid certificates we use that have to be manually issued. So it's a better option than rebuilding the CA, but not a great one.

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• How do I protect a low budget network from rogue DHCP servers?

  - by Kenned

  I am helping a friend manage a shared internet connection in an apartment buildling with 80 apartments - 8 stairways with 10 apartments in each. The network is laid out with the internet router at one end of the building, connected to a cheap non-managed 16 port switch in the first stairway where the first 10 apartments are also connected. One port is connected to another 16 port cheapo switch in the next stairway, where those 10 apartments are connected, and so forth. Sort of a daisy chain of switches, with 10 apartments as spokes on each "daisy". The building is a U-shape, approximately 50 x 50 meters, 20 meters high - so from the router to the farthest apartment it’s probably around 200 meters including up-and-down stairways. We have a fair bit of problems with people hooking up wifi-routers the wrong way, creating rogue DHCP servers which interrupt large groups of the users and we wish to solve this problem by making the network smarter (instead of doing a physical unplugging binary search). With my limited networking skills, I see two ways - DHCP-snooping or splitting the entire network into separate VLANS for each apartment. Separate VLANS gives each apartment their own private connection to the router, while DHCP snooping will still allow LAN gaming and file sharing. Will DHCP snooping work with this kind of network topology, or does that rely on the network being in a proper hub-and-spoke-configuration? I am not sure if there are different levels of DHCP snooping - say like expensive Cisco switches will do anything, but inexpensive ones like TP-Link, D-Link or Netgear will only do it in certain topologies? And will basic VLAN support be good enough for this topology? I guess even cheap managed switches can tag traffic from each port with it’s own VLAN tag, but when the next switch in the daisy chain receives the packet on it’s “downlink” port, wouldn’t it strip or replace the VLAN tag with it’s own trunk-tag (or whatever the name is for the backbone traffic). Money is tight, and I don’t think we can afford professional grade Cisco (I have been campaigning for this for years), so I’d love some advice on which solution has the best support on low-end network equipment and if there are some specific models that are recommended? For instance low-end HP switches or even budget brands like TP-Link, D-Link etc. If I have overlooked another way to solve this problem it is due to my lack of knowledge. :)

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• How to disable hiddev96 in linux (or tell it to ignore a specific device)

  - by Miky D

  I'm having problems with a CentOS 5.0 system when using a certain USB device. The problem is that the device advertises itself as a HID device and linux is happy to try to provide support for it: In /ver/log/messages I see a line that reads: hiddev96: USB HID 1.11 Device [KXX USB PRO] on usb-0000:00:1d.0-1 My question comes down to: Is there a way to tell linux to not use hiddev96 for that device in particular? If yes, how? If not, what are my options - can I turn hiddev96 off completely? UPDATE I should probably have been a bit more specific about what is going on. The machine is running Centos 5.0, and on top of it I'm running VMWare workstation with Windows XP - which is where the USB device is actually supposed to operate. All works fine for other USB devices (i.e. VMWare successfully connects the USB device to the guest OS and the OS can use it, but for this particular device VMWare connects it to the guest OS, but the OS can't read/write to it) Every attempt locks up the application that is trying to communicate with the device. I've reason to believe that it is because the device is a HID device and there's some contention between the Linux host and the Windows guest OS in accessing the device. Below is the output from modprobe -l|grep -i hid as requested by @Karolis: # modprobe -l | grep -i hid /lib/modules/2.6.18-53.1.14.el5/kernel/net/bluetooth/hidp/hidp.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-53.1.14.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/misc/phidgetservo.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-53.1.14.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/misc/phidgetkit.ko And here is the output of lsmod # lsmod Module Size Used by udf 76997 1 vboxdrv 65696 0 autofs4 24517 2 hidp 23105 2 rfcomm 42457 0 l2cap 29633 10 hidp,rfcomm tun 14657 0 vmnet 49980 16 vmblock 20512 3 vmmon 945236 0 sunrpc 144253 1 cpufreq_ondemand 10573 1 video 19269 0 sbs 18533 0 backlight 10049 0 i2c_ec 9025 1 sbs button 10705 0 battery 13637 0 asus_acpi 19289 0 ac 9157 0 ipv6 251393 27 lp 15849 0 snd_hda_intel 24025 2 snd_hda_codec 202689 1 snd_hda_intel snd_seq_dummy 7877 0 snd_seq_oss 32577 0 nvidia 7824032 31 snd_seq_midi_event 11073 1 snd_seq_oss snd_seq 49713 5 snd_seq_dummy,snd_seq_oss,snd_seq_midi_event snd_seq_device 11725 3 snd_seq_dummy,snd_seq_oss,snd_seq snd_pcm_oss 42945 0 snd_mixer_oss 19009 1 snd_pcm_oss snd_pcm 72133 3 snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_pcm_oss joydev 13313 0 sg 36061 0 parport_pc 29157 1 snd_timer 24645 2 snd_seq,snd_pcm snd 52421 13 snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_seq_oss,snd_seq,snd_seq_device,snd_pcm_oss,snd_mixer_oss,snd_pcm,snd_timer ndiswrapper 170384 0 parport 37513 2 lp,parport_pc hci_usb 20317 2 ide_cd 40033 1 tg3 104389 0 i2c_i801 11469 0 bluetooth 53925 8 hidp,rfcomm,l2cap,hci_usb soundcore 11553 1 snd cdrom 36705 1 ide_cd serio_raw 10693 0 snd_page_alloc 14281 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm i2c_core 23745 3 i2c_ec,nvidia,i2c_i801 pcspkr 7105 0 dm_snapshot 20709 0 dm_zero 6209 0 dm_mirror 28741 0 dm_mod 58201 8 dm_snapshot,dm_zero,dm_mirror ahci 23621 4 libata 115833 1 ahci sd_mod 24897 5 scsi_mod 132685 3 sg,libata,sd_mod ext3 123337 3 jbd 56553 1 ext3 ehci_hcd 32973 0 ohci_hcd 23261 0 uhci_hcd 25421 0

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• Quantifying the effects of partition mis-alignment

  - by Matt

  I'm experiencing some significant performance issues on an NFS server. I've been reading up a bit on partition alignment, and I think I have my partitions mis-aligned. I can't find anything that tells me how to actually quantify the effects of mis-aligned partitions. Some of the general information I found suggests the performance penalty can be quite high (upwards of 60%) and others say it's negligible. What I want to do is determine if partition alignment is a factor in this server's performance problems or not; and if so, to what degree? So I'll put my info out here, and hopefully the community can confirm if my partitions are indeed mis-aligned, and if so, help me put a number to what the performance cost is. Server is a Dell R510 with dual E5620 CPUs and 8 GB RAM. There are eight 15k 2.5” 600 GB drives (Seagate ST3600057SS) configured in hardware RAID-6 with a single hot spare. RAID controller is a Dell PERC H700 w/512MB cache (Linux sees this as a LSI MegaSAS 9260). OS is CentOS 5.6, home directory partition is ext3, with options “rw,data=journal,usrquota”. I have the HW RAID configured to present two virtual disks to the OS: /dev/sda for the OS (boot, root and swap partitions), and /dev/sdb for a big NFS share: [root@lnxutil1 ~]# parted -s /dev/sda unit s print Model: DELL PERC H700 (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 134217599s Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 63s 465884s 465822s primary ext2 boot 2 465885s 134207009s 133741125s primary lvm [root@lnxutil1 ~]# parted -s /dev/sdb unit s print Model: DELL PERC H700 (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 5720768639s Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 34s 5720768606s 5720768573s lvm Edit 1 Using the cfq IO scheduler (default for CentOS 5.6): # cat /sys/block/sd{a,b}/queue/scheduler noop anticipatory deadline [cfq] noop anticipatory deadline [cfq] Chunk size is the same as strip size, right? If so, then 64kB: # /opt/MegaCli -LDInfo -Lall -aALL -NoLog Adapter #0 Number of Virtual Disks: 2 Virtual Disk: 0 (target id: 0) Name:os RAID Level: Primary-6, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-3 Size:65535MB State: Optimal Stripe Size: 64kB Number Of Drives:7 Span Depth:1 Default Cache Policy: WriteBack, ReadAdaptive, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Current Cache Policy: WriteThrough, ReadAdaptive, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Access Policy: Read/Write Disk Cache Policy: Disk's Default Number of Spans: 1 Span: 0 - Number of PDs: 7 ... physical disk info removed for brevity ... Virtual Disk: 1 (target id: 1) Name:share RAID Level: Primary-6, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-3 Size:2793344MB State: Optimal Stripe Size: 64kB Number Of Drives:7 Span Depth:1 Default Cache Policy: WriteBack, ReadAdaptive, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Current Cache Policy: WriteThrough, ReadAdaptive, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Access Policy: Read/Write Disk Cache Policy: Disk's Default Number of Spans: 1 Span: 0 - Number of PDs: 7 If it's not obvious, virtual disk 0 corresponds to /dev/sda, for the OS; virtual disk 1 is /dev/sdb (the exported home directory tree).

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• Ubuntu server 10.04 doesn't boot into installed Gnome desktop automatically

  - by Tong Wang

  I've installed Ubuntu server 10.04 and then installed Gnome desktop on top of it, because I am new to Linux and its command line, I need the GUI desktop to help me get around. However, the problem I got is that the server doesn't boot into the GUI desktop when powered on. It's booting into a shell like this: Gave up waiting for root device. Common problems: - Boot args (cat /proc/cmdline) - Check rootdelay= (did the system wait long enought?) - check root= (did the system wait for the right device?) - Missing modules (cat /proc/modules; ls /dev) ALERT! /dev/mapper/cecdata-root does not exist. Dropping to a shell! BusyBox v1.13.3 (Ubuntu 1:1.13.3-1ubuntu11) built-in shell (ash) Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands. (initramfs) result of (cat /proc/cmdline) BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-2.6.32-28-server root=/dev/mapper/cecdata-root ro quiet Then I have type "exit" to exit the shell and then it boots into Gnome. Any idea what's wrong? Edit: add output for the following commands wt@cecdata:~$ ls /dev/mapper/ cecdata-root cecdata-swap_1 control wt@cecdata:~$ fdisk -l wt@cecdata:~$ wt@cecdata:~$ cat /etc/fstab # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid -o value -s UUID' to print the universally unique identifier # for a device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name # devices that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 /dev/mapper/cecdata-root / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # /boot was on /dev/sda1 during installation UUID=1635be41-d025-405e-b4a3-6f0abedb7aab /boot ext2 defaults 0 2 /dev/mapper/cecdata-swap_1 none swap sw 0 0 wt@cecdata:~$ Adding output for lsmod wt@cecdata:~$ lsmod Module Size Used by fbcon 39270 71 tileblit 2487 1 fbcon font 8053 1 fbcon bitblit 5811 1 fbcon softcursor 1565 1 bitblit dell_wmi 2177 0 dcdbas 6918 0 vga16fb 12757 1 vgastate 9857 1 vga16fb psmouse 64576 0 serio_raw 4950 0 power_meter 9473 0 bnx2 72874 0 lp 9336 0 parport 37160 1 lp mptsas 50592 2 usbhid 41116 0 mptscsih 37167 1 mptsas hid 83568 1 usbhid mptbase 91674 2 mptsas,mptscsih scsi_transport_sas 33021 1 mptsas

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