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Why is a small fixed vocabulary seen as an advantage to RESTful services?

- by Matt Esch

So, a RESTful service has a fixed set of verbs in its vocabulary. A RESTful web service takes these from the HTTP methods. There are some supposed advantages to defining a fixed vocabulary, but I don't really grasp the point. Maybe someone can explain it. Why is a fixed vocabulary as outlined by REST better than dynamically defining a vocabulary for each state? For example, object oriented programming is a popular paradigm. RPC is described to define fixed interfaces, but I don't know why people assume that RPC is limited by these contraints. We could dynamically specify the interface just as a RESTful service dynamically describes its content structure. REST is supposed to be advantageous in that it can grow without extending the vocabulary. RESTful services grow dynamically by adding more resources. What's so wrong about extending a service by dynamically specifying a per-object vocabulary? Why don't we just use the methods that are defined on our objects as the vocabulary and have our services describe to the client what these methods are and whether or not they have side effects? Essentially I get the feeling that the description of a server side resource structure is equivalent to the definition of a vocabulary, but we are then forced to use the limited vocabulary in which to interact with these resources. Does a fixed vocabulary really decouple the concerns of the client from the concerns of the server? I surely have to be concerned with some configuration of the server, this is normally resource location in RESTful services. To complain at the use of a dynamic vocabulary seems unfair because we have to dynamically reason how to understand this configuration in some way anyway. A RESTful service describes the transitions you are able to make by identifying object structure through hypermedia. I just don't understand what makes a fixed vocabulary any better than any self-describing dynamic vocabulary, which could easily work very well in an RPC-like service. Is this just a poor reasoning for the limiting vocabulary of the HTTP protocol?

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What's so bad about pointers in C++?

- by Martin Beckett

To continue the discussion in Why are pointers not recommended when coding with C++ Suppose you have a class that encapsulates objects which need some initialisation to be valid - like a network socket. // Blah manages some data and transmits it over a socket class socket; // forward declaration, so nice weak linkage. class blah { ... stuff TcpSocket *socket; } ~blah { // TcpSocket dtor handles disconnect delete socket; // or better, wrap it in a smart pointer } The ctor ensures that socket is marked NULL, then later in the code when I have the information to initialise the object. // initialising blah if ( !socket ) { // I know socket hasn't been created/connected // create it in a known initialised state and handle any errors // RAII is a good thing ! socket = new TcpSocket(ip,port); } // and when i actually need to use it if (socket) { // if socket exists then it must be connected and valid } This seems better than having the socket on the stack, having it created in some 'pending' state at program start and then having to continually check some isOK() or isConnected() function before every use. Additionally if TcpSocket ctor throws an exception it's a lot easier to handle at the point a Tcp connection is made rather than at program start. Obviously the socket is just an example, but I'm having a hard time thinking of when an encapsulated object with any sort of internal state shouldn't be created and initialised with new.

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When not to use Spring to instantiate a bean?

- by Rishabh

I am trying to understand what would be the correct usage of Spring. Not syntactically, but in term of its purpose. If one is using Spring, then should Spring code replace all bean instantiation code? When to use or when not to use Spring, to instantiate a bean? May be the following code sample will help in you understanding my dilemma: List<ClassA> caList = new ArrayList<ClassA>(); for (String name : nameList) { ClassA ca = new ClassA(); ca.setName(name); caList.add(ca); } If I configure Spring it becomes something like: List<ClassA> caList = new ArrayList<ClassA>(); for (String name : nameList) { ClassA ca = (ClassA)SomeContext.getBean(BeanLookupConstants.CLASS_A); ca.setName(name); caList.add(ca); } I personally think using Spring here is an unnecessary overhead, because The code the simpler to read/understand. It isn't really a good place for Dependency Injection as I am not expecting that there will be multiple/varied implementation of ClassA, that I would like freedom to replace using Spring configuration at a later point in time. Am I thinking correct? If not, where am I going wrong?

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Session serialization in JavaEE environment

- by Ionut

Please consider the following scenario: We are working on a JavaEE project for which the scalability starts to become an issue. Up until now, we were able to scale up but this is no longer an option. Therefore we need to consider scaling out and preparing the App for a clustered environment. Our main concern right now is serializing the user sessions. Sadly, we did not consider from the beginning the issue and we are encountering the following excetion: java.io.WriteAbortedException: writing aborted; java.io.NotSerializableException: org.apache.catalina.session.StandardSessionFacade I did some research and this exception is thrown because there are objects stored on the session which does not implement the Serializable interface. Considering that all over the app there are quite a few custom objects which are stored on the session without implementing this interface, it would require a lot of tedious work and dedication to fix all these classes declaration. We will fix all this declarations but the main concern is that, in the future, there may be a developer which will add a non Serializable object on the session and break the session serialization & replication over multiple nodes. As a quick overview of the project, we are developing using a home grown framework based on Struts 1 with the Servlet 3.0 API. This means that at this point, we are using the standard session.getAttribute() and session.setAttribute() to work with the session and the session handling is scattered all over the code base. Besides updating the classes of the objects stored on session and making sure that they implement the Serializable interface, what other measures of precaution should we take in order to ensure a reliable Session replication capability on the Application layer? I know it is a little bit late to consider this but what would be the best practice in this case? Furthermore, are there any other issues we should consider regarding this transition? Thank you in advance!

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Speed up loading of test results from builds in Visual Studio

- by Jakob Ehn

I still see people complaining about the long time it takes to load test results from a TFS build in Visual Studio. And they make a valid point, it does take a very long time to load the test results, even for a small number of tests. The reason for this is that the test results is not just the result of the test run but also all the binaries that were part of the test run. This often also means that the debug symbols (*.pdb) will be downloaded to your local machine. This reason for this behaviour is that it letsyou re-run the tests locally. However, most of the times this is not what the developer will do, they just want to know which tests failed and why. They can then fix the tests and rerun them locally. It turns out there is a way to load only the test results, which is much faster. The only tricky bit is to find the location of the .trx file that is generated during the build. Particularly in TFS 2010 where you often have multiple build agents, which of corse results in different paths to the trx file. Note: To use this you must have read permission to the build folder on the build agent where the build was executed. Open the build result for the build Click View Log Locate the part where MSTest is invoked. When using test containers, it looks like this: Note: You can actually search in the log window, press Ctrl+F and you will get a little search box at the bottom. Nice! On the MSTest command line call, locate the /resultsfileroot parameter, which points to the folder where the test results are stored Note that this path is local for the build server, so you need to replace the drive letter with the server name: D:\Builds\Project\TestResults to \Project\TestResults">\\<BuildServer>\Project\TestResults Double-click on the .trx file and you will notice that it loads much faster compared to opening it from the build log window

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Is it possible to render and style a <title> element from within the <head> of an html document?

- by Brian Z

Is it possible to render and style a <title> element from within the <head> of an html document? I thought it was impossible to render information from the <head>, but the system status page for 37signals.com seems to be doing just that - http://status.37signals.com/. If you inspect the element at the very top of the page, the text that reads "37signals System Status", you'll see that the part of the DOM that is generating the text is the <head>'s <title>, and the css is as follows: title { display: block; margin: 10px auto; max-width: 840px; width: 100%; padding: 0 20px; float: left; color: black; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; -moz-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; } Can someone confirm that the <title> info from the <head> is indeed what is being rendered? If so, can someone point to documentation that defines this capability as I have not found any? I have applied the above css to an html document on my local web server using the same browser (chromium, os x 10.8.5) as the 37signals site was viewed on, yet my file did not display the <head>'s <title>.

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Hosted application, DNS server setup?

- by Ward Loockx

Currently I'm allowing users to have an hosted application. Currently they have to point A-records to our servers (sometimes this is to hard or get's messy). I've seen other players using 2 dns servers, so that the user only needs to change these. I'm willing to implement this, but a lot of questions come up. What should I use for this? Can I use bind? The records need to be generated from a mysql database What type of servers do I need? Is a DNS server taking a lot of load? Currently having around 80K daily visitors. Thanks!

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Usage of repository between EF model and code consumer

- by jim

I have binary data in my database that I'll have to convert to bitmap at some point. I was thinking whether or not it's appropriate to use a repository and do it there. My consumer, which is a presentation layer, will use this repository. For example: // This is a class I created for modeling the item as is. public class RealItem { public string Name { get; set; } public Bitmap Image { get; set; } } public abstract class BaseRepository { //using Unity (http://unity.codeplex.com) to inject the dependancy of entity context. [Dependency] public Context { get; set; } } public calss ItemRepository : BaseRepository { public List<Items> Select() { IEnumerable<Items> items = from item in Context.Items select item; List<RealItem> lst = new List<RealItem>(); foreach(itm in items) { MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(itm.Image); Bitmap image = (Bitmap)Image.FromStream(stream); RealItem ritem = new RealItem{ Name=item.Name, Image=image }; lst.Add(ritem); } return lst; } } Is this a correct way to use the repository pattern? I'm learning this pattern and I've seen a lot of examples online that are using a repository but when I looked at their source code... for example: public IQueryable<object> Select { return from q in base.Context select q; } as you can see no behavior is added to the system by their approach, so I was confused that maybe repository is something else and I got it all wrong. At the end there should be extra benifits of using them right?

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How to securely delete files stored on a SSD?

- by Chris Neuroth

From a (very long, but definitely worth to read) article on SSDs: When you delete a file in your OS, there is no reaction from either a hard drive or SSD. It isn’t until you overwrite the sector (on a hard drive) or page (on a SSD) that you actually lose the data. File recovery programs use this property to their advantage and that’s how they help you recover deleted files. The key distinction between HDDs and SSDs however is what happens when you overwrite a file. While a HDD can simply write the new data to the same sector, a SSD will allocate a new (or previously used) page for the overwritten data. The page that contains the now invalid data will simply be marked as invalid and at some point it’ll get erased. So, what would be the best way to securely erase files stored on a SSD? Overwriting with random data as we are used to from hard disks (e.g. using the "shred" utility) won't work unless you overwrite the WHOLE drive...

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Second DocumentRoot for certain URLS

- by scrr

Hello, I have the following setup in my apache-config: <VirtualHost 1.2.3.4:80> ServerName example.com:80 ServerAlias www.example.com DocumentRoot /var/www/page <Location "/blog"> DocumentRoot /var/www/blog </Location> RailsBaseURI / RailsEnv development </VirtualHost> However, Apache tells me, I am not allowed to have a second DocumentRoot. How can I make "www.example.com/blog" point to "/var/www/blog"? I'm sure this is basic, but I just can't find the proper documentation online.

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Commercial product using a GPL OS

- by pfried

we are planning to create a commercial product. The product consists of come MCUs and a small computer (we are developping on a raspberry pi at the moment). The computer needs an operating system as we would like keep things like WLAN and booting as simple as possible. We create some software running on this computer (node.js application). The most operating systems like Arch Linux are licenced under the GPL. The product we would sell contains the computer with preinstalled OS and software. This system operates as a central access point to MCU devices and is able to control them. We use other's software in our product. We do not modify their source code. The product (the computer part) consists of a computer, an OS and software we create. How does the use of an OS affect our own code (licence)? Is there a possibility of avoiding GPL for our own code? eg. shipping the software seperated? Are there any effects to other components of our product, eg. the MCU part? The node.js application delivers a WebApp to the client where it is executed. Are there any effects (As we would like to sell parts of the code as an additional App on the App Stores)? I know we make use of the work of the community and i respect this. The problem is: The software alone is kind of useless without the MCU devices. I do not expect a legal advice.

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Ideas for home media server with Dell laptop?

- by Warlax

Hi guys, We have an old Dell Inspiron laptop we don't use anymore and would look to turn it onto a media/backup server for music/pictures - and maybe documents/code. The laptop only has 40Gb of HD space but we can hook to it a USB external HD with an additional 80Gb. This is a very general question: - What OS should I put on it (more like, what flavor of Linux)? - What media/backup server software should I install on top of that? - How would you go about backing up to it? I need to back up computers on the same LAN, some have Windows, some OS X, some Linux. If you could point me to an all-in-one solution with a nice tutorial for non-sysadmin folks it would be greatly appreciated, thank you!!!

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how to find a good data center?

- by drewda

At my start-up, we're getting to the point where we should be hosting our servers at a data center. I'd appreciate any tips and tricks y'all can offer on finding a reputable place to colocate our racks. Are there any Web sites with customer reviews of data centers or should I just be asking around at techie events? Are unlimited bandwidth plans a gimmick or becoming the norm? Is it worth establishing a redundant set of machines at a second data center from Day One? Or just do offsite back-ups? Thanks for your suggestions.

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What could be causing frequent display freezes?

- by austen

I just installed Ubuntu 14.04 two days ago (coming from Win8) and in the two days that I've been using it, my display has frozen four or five times. The mouse won't move but the keyboard does respond so I can use the Ctrl+Alt+Bkspc command to fix it. It seems like it might just be the display freezing because one of the times I was watching a Youtube video and the audio continued playing. I have an Nvidia graphics card with the most recent Nvidia drivers for it enabled. I see that a lot of questions about Ubuntu freezing get marked as a duplicate and pretty much always linked back to a thread about what to do when it freezes. Clearly, I've got that bit figured out already and I did read that thread for further advice. What I'm looking for though is how to fix this permanently. output from lspci -nnk | grep -iA2 VGA: 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation 3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller [8086:0166] (rev 09) Subsystem: Lenovo Device [17aa:2200] Kernel driver in use: i915 Update: JohnnyEnglish pointed out that Ubuntu is using the integrated graphics, not my Nvidia card. It turns out my laptop uses Nvidia Optimus and I cannot enable only the graphics card through the BIOS. I found out about Nvidia Prime and got it set up using this article. The settings panel which allows you to select the graphics says that 'performance mode' is enabled but when I check which graphics controller is enabled through the terminal, it still says it's using the integrated graphics. I'm not sure if this could be causing the freezes but I guess it's a starting point. Any ideas on how to resolve this?

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Computer science curriculum for non-CS major?

- by Daniel

Hi all, I would like to have some ideas for building up my foundation CS skills. I have started programming computers 10 years ago and have made a pretty good career out of it. However, I cannot stop thinking that the path that brought me here was very particular, and if something goes wrong (e.g. I get laid off) it would be harder to find a job here in the US on the same salary level, OR in a top company. The reason I say that is that I am a self-learner; my degree is not in Computer Science so although I master C/C++/Java, I do not have the formal CS and mathematical background that many other software developers (esp. here in the US) have. When I look at job interview questions from Apple, Google, Amazon, I have the impression that I'd flunk those technical interviews at some point. Don't get me wrong, I know my algorithms and data structures, but when things dive too deeply into the CS realm I am in trouble. What can I do to close the gap? I was thinking about a MSc in CS, but will I even UNDERSTAND what's going on there if I'm not a CS undergrad? Should I go back to basics and get a BSc in CS instead? I always tend to go into self-study mode when I want to learn new stuff, but I have the impression that I will need more formal education in CS if I want to have a shot at working at those kinds of companies. Thank you!

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What's a nice explanation for pointers?

- by Macneil

In your own studies (on your own, or for a class) did you have an "ah ha" moment when you finally, really understood pointers? Do you have an explanation you use for beginner programmers that seems particularly effective? For example, when beginners first encounter pointers in C, they might just add &s and *s until it compiles (as I myself once did). Maybe it was a picture, or a really well motivated example, that made pointers "click" for you or your student. What was it, and what did you try before that didn't seem to work? Were any topics prerequisites (e.g. structs, or arrays)? In other words, what was necessary to understand the meaning of &s and *, when you could use them with confidence? Learning the syntax and terminology or the use cases isn't enough, at some point the idea needs to be internalized. Update: I really like the answers so far; please keep them coming. There are a lot of great perspectives here, but I think many are good explanations/slogans for ourselves after we've internalized the concept. I'm looking for the detailed contexts and circumstances when it dawned on you. For example: I only somewhat understood pointers syntactically in C. I heard two of my friends explaining pointers to another friend, who asked why a struct was passed with a pointer. The first friend talked about how it needed to be referenced and modified, but it was just a short comment from the other friend where it hit me: "It's also more efficient." Passing 4 bytes instead of 16 bytes was the final conceptual shift I needed.

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Windows/Samba connection error

- by Gomibushi

I have a Linux fileserver serving up /home for linux and windows users. I was able to connect from my windows client, but not from a DC. Then suddenly I could connect from the DC too. The linux servers run Centrify clients, and as such are part of the domain. All on same subnet. This is what the the log.smbd says, repeatedly: [2010/02/11 11:25:57, 0] lib/util_sock.c:read_data(534) read_data: read failure for 4 bytes to client 192.168.200.3. Error = Connection reset by peer On Windows it appeared as an "unknown error". EDIT: the error code is "0x80004005". We are developing a system depended on the samba share, and are worried this will appear again. It would be nice to pin point the root of this. Any ideas what this might be? Places to look?

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Understanding the Customer Form in Release 12 from an AR Perspective!!

- by user793553

Confused by the Customer Form in Release 12?? Read on, to get some insight into the evolution of this screen, and how it links in with Trading Community Architecture. Historically, the customer data model was owned by Oracle Receivables (AR). However, as the data model changed and more complex relationships and attributes had to be tracked and monitored, the Trading Community Architecture (TCA) product was created. All applications within the E-Business suite that require interaction with a customer integrate with TCA. Customer information is no longer stored in the individual applications but rather in a central repository/registry maintained within TCA. It is important to understand the following entities/concepts stored in TCA: Party: A party is an entity with whom you can have a potential business relationship. A party can be either a Person or an Organization. The Party entity is completely independent of any business relationship; this means that a Party can exist even if you have no transactions with it. The Party is the "umbrella" entity under which you capture all other attributes listed below. Customer: A customer is a party with whom you have an existing business relationship. From an AR perspective, you can simplify the concepts by thinking of a Customer as a Party. This definition however does not apply to all other applications. In the Oracle Receivables Customer form, the information displayed at the Customer level is from TCA's Party information record. Customer Account (also called Account): An account contains information about how you transact business with a particular customer. You can create multiple accounts for a customer. When you create invoices and receipts you associate it to a particular Account of a Customer. Location: A Location is an address. It is a point in space, typically identified by a street number, a street name, a city, a state or province, a country. A location is independent of what it is used for - you do not associate a purpose to a location. Party Site: A Party Site is associated to a Party. It is the location where a party is physically located. When defining sites for a Party, only one can be an identifying address. However, you can define other party sites associated to a party. You can define purposes/usage for Party Sites. Account Site: An Account Site is associated to a Customer Account. It is the location associated to the account you are transacting business with. You can define business purposes (also called site uses) for an Account site. Read more about the Customer Workbench in these notes: Doc ID 1436547.1 Oracle Receivables: Understanding the Customer Form in Release 12 Doc ID 1437866.1 Customer Form - Address: Troubleshooting, Known Issues and Patches Doc ID 1448442.1 Oracle Receivables (AR): Customer Workbench Information Center Do you find this type of blog entry useful? Please add comments to let us know how we can help you more effectively. Thank you!

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how to choose a web framework and javascript library?

- by Trylks

I've been procrastinating learning some framework for web apps w/ some library for AJAX, something like django with prototype, or turbogears with mootools, or zeta components with dojo, grok, jquery, symfony... The point is to spend some of my spare time, have "fun" and create cool stuff that hopefully is some useful. I think maybe I wouldn't like something like GWT or pyjamas because I wouldn't like to "get married" with some technology, I want to keep my freedom to add another javascript library, and so on. I didn't decide even the language yet, but I think I'd prefer python. PHP could be fine if there is some framework that is nice enough. Besides that, I don't even know where to start. I don't feel like learning a framework to then realize there is something that I cannot comfortably do, switch to another framework then find that a third framework has something really cool, etc. And the same goes for javascript libraries. So, some guidance would be really appreciated. I don't really know why are so many options available and what do they aim for, I guess some of them focus on some aspects and some on others, but I just want to make cool and nice apps that I can easily maintain, without spending too much time on coding or learning and avoiding the "trapped in the framework" feeling, when doing something is awfully complicated (or even impossible) with compared with the rest of things or doing that same thing on a different framework. I guess in the end I'll go for django and jquery since they are the most widely used options, afaik, but if I was going for the most widely used options I guess I should choose Java or PHP (I don't really like Java for my spare time, but php is not so bad), so I preferred to ask first. I think the question has to consider both, framework and library, since sometimes they are coupled. I think this is the place to ask this kind of things, sorry if not, and thank you.

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Static "LoD" hack opinions

- by David Lively

I've been playing with implementing dynamic level of detail for rendering a very large mesh in XNA. It occurred to me that (duh) the whole point of this is to generate small triangles close to the camera, and larger ones far away. Given that, rather than constantly modifying or swapping index buffers based on a feature's rendered size or distance from the camera, it would be a lot easier (and potentially quite a bit faster), to render a single "fan" or flat wedge/frustum-shaped planar mesh that is tessellated into small triangles close to the near or small end of the frustum and larger ones at the far end, sort of like this (overhead view) (Pardon the gap in the middle - I drew one side and mirrored it) The triangle sizes are chosen so that all are approximately the same size when projected. Then, that mesh would be transformed to track the camera so that the Z axis (center vertical in this image) is always aligned with the view direction projected into the XZ plane. The vertex shader would then read terrain heights from a height texture and adjust the Y coordinate of the mesh to match a height field that defines the terrain. This eliminates the need for culling (since the mesh is generated to match the viewport dimensions) and the need to modify the index and/or vertex buffers when drawing the terrain. Obviously this doesn't address terrain with overhangs, etc, but that could be handled to a certain extent by including a second mesh that defines a sort of "ceiling" via a different texture. The other LoD schemes I've seen aren't particularly difficult to implement and, in some cases, are a lot more flexible, but this seemed like a decent quick-and-dirty way to handle height map-based terrain without getting into geometry manipulation. Has anyone tried this? Opinions?

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SQL Script to Assign All Items to ALL Sites with Dynamics GP

- by Ryan McBee

v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} Normal 0 false false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} When setting up new items within Microsoft Dynamics GP, you will often run into the error message below which reads “This site is not assigned to the selected item. Do you want to assign this site?” The fix is quite simple given that you simply click the Add button below which opens up the Item Quantities Maintenance window which you will hit the save button and proceed with the entry of your Sales Order or Purchase Order. If you have a lot of new items into GP and have just one Site ID setup, the best approach to assigning your items to a particular site is by going to the Site Maintenance Window which is located in Cards>>Inventory>>Site. Once you are in the window below, you can click the Assign button to assign Items to the Site selected. However, if you have you a lot of Sites and Items created, this can be quite a cumbersome and time consuming process. For that, I have created the following SQL Script below that Assigns all Items to all Site ID’s within Microsoft Dynamics GP 2010. declare @item varchar(100) , @loc varchar(100) , @ItemExist int DECLARE TablePositionCursor CURSOR FOR SELECT itemnmbr from IV00101 i OPEN TablePositionCursor FETCH NEXT FROM TablePositionCursor INTO @item WHILE (@@fetch_status <> -1) BEGIN DECLARE TablePositionCursor2 CURSOR FOR select locncode from IV40700 OPEN TablePositionCursor2 FETCH NEXT FROM TablePositionCursor2 INTO @loc WHILE (@@fetch_status <> -1) BEGIN SELECT @ItemExist = isnull(count(*), 0) FROM IV00102 where ITEMNMBR = @item and LOCNCODE = @loc if @ItemExist = 0 BEGIN insert into iv00102 values( @item ,@loc ,'' ,2 ,'' ,0 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,'01/01/1900' ,'' ,'01/01/1900' ,0 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,'01/01/1900' ,'01/01/1900' ,'01/01/1900' ,'01/01/1900' ,0 ,'' ,'' ,'' ,1 ,0 ,0 ,1 ,0 ,0 ,1 ,2 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,1 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,3 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,'' ,'' ,'' ,'' ,'' ,'' ,'' ,'' ,1 ,1 ,'' ,1 ,1 ,0 ,1 ,1 ,1 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,0 ) END FETCH NEXT FROM TablePositionCursor2 INTO @loc END DEALLOCATE TablePositionCursor2 FETCH NEXT FROM TablePositionCursor INTO @item END DEALLOCATE TablePositionCursor The script below works just for GP 2010 since the columns in the IV00102 have changed from version to version. If you need it for prior versions, please email me and I will send it to you. Disclaimer: I tested this on limited data, if you find an issue or have a suggestion for improvement, please let me know and I will post the update here for everyone. This blog is provided "AS IS" with no warranties, and confers no rights.

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Fixed-Function vs Shaders: Which for beginner?

- by Rob Hays

I'm currently going to college for computer science. Although I do plan on utilizing an existing engine at some point to create a small game, my aim right now is towards learning the fundamentals: namely, 3D programming. I've already done some research regarding the choice between DirectX and OpenGL, and the general sentiment that came out of that was that whether you choose OpenGL or DirectX as your training-wheels platform, a lot of the knowledge is transferrable to the other platform. Therefore, since OpenGL is supported by more systems (probably a silly reason to choose what to learn), I decided that I'm going to learn OpenGL first. After I made this decision to learn OpenGL, I did some more research and found out about a dichotomy that I was somewhere unaware of all this time: fixed-function OpenGL vs. modern programmable shader-based OpenGL. At first, I thought it was an obvious choice that I should choose to learn shader-based OpenGL since that's what's most commonly used in the industry today. However, I then stumbled upon the very popular Learning Modern 3D Graphics Programming by Jason L. McKesson, located here: http://www.arcsynthesis.org/gltut/ I read through the introductory bits, and in the "About This Book" section, the author states: "First, much of what is learned with this approach must be inevitably abandoned when the user encounters a graphics problem that must be solved with programmability. Programmability wipes out almost all of the fixed function pipeline, so the knowledge does not easily transfer." yet at the same time also makes the case that fixed-functionality provides an easier, more immediate learning curve for beginners by stating: "It is generally considered easiest to teach neophyte graphics programmers using the fixed function pipeline." Naturally, you can see why I might be conflicted about which paradigm to learn: Do I spend a lot of time learning (and then later unlearning) the ways of fixed-functionality, or do I choose to start out with shaders? My primary concern is that modern programmable shaders somehow require the programmer to already understand the fixed-function pipeline, but I doubt that's the case. TL;DR == As an aspiring game graphics programmer, is it in my best interest to learn 3D programming through fixed-functionality or modern shader-based programming?

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Do I need a ssl certificate if just pointing my domain to Cloudfront?

- by hashpipe

I have a website running on a domain (e.g site.com). I have an additional domain(e.g sitecdn.com) which basically points to Amazon Cloudfront for delivery. Amazon Cloudfront in turn basically fetches the data from the main domain (site.com). I use this setup primarily to have multiple subdomains of my sitecdn.com to point to assets via the cdn. The main website has a ssl certificate, and I intend to put all assets served from the cdn as https links only. Something like <img src="https://img.sitecdn.com/image.jpg" /> I'm a little confused whether I need a ssl for my cdn domain. In cloudfront I can set the setting to allow both https and http traffic. Do I need a ssl certificate for this ? If yes, then where do I install the ssl certificate, since I don't have a server for sitecdn.com.

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Working with Timelines with LINQ to Twitter

- by Joe Mayo

When first working with the Twitter API, I thought that using SinceID would be an effective way to page through timelines. In practice it doesn’t work well for various reasons. To explain why, Twitter published an excellent document that is a must-read for anyone working with timelines: Twitter Documentation: Working with Timelines This post shows how to implement the recommended strategies in that document by using LINQ to Twitter. You should read the document in it’s entirety before moving on because my explanation will start at the bottom and work back up to the top in relation to the Twitter document. What follows is an explanation of SinceID, MaxID, and how they come together to help you efficiently work with Twitter timelines. The Role of SinceID Specifying SinceID says to Twitter, “Don’t return tweets earlier than this”. What you want to do is store this value after every timeline query set so that it can be reused on the next set of queries. The next section will explain what I mean by query set, but a quick explanation is that it’s a loop that gets all new tweets. The SinceID is a backstop to avoid retrieving tweets that you already have. Here’s some initialization code that includes a variable named sinceID that will be used to populate the SinceID property in subsequent queries: // last tweet processed on previous query set ulong sinceID = 210024053698867204; ulong maxID; const int Count = 10; var statusList = new List<status>(); Here, I’ve hard-coded the sinceID variable, but this is where you would initialize sinceID from whatever storage you choose (i.e. a database). The first time you ever run this code, you won’t have a value from a previous query set. Initially setting it to 0 might sound like a good idea, but what if you’re querying a timeline with lots of tweets? Because of the number of tweets and rate limits, your query set might take a very long time to run. A caveat might be that Twitter won’t return an entire timeline back to Tweet #0, but rather only go back a certain period of time, the limits of which are documented for individual Twitter timeline API resources. So, to initialize SinceID at too low of a number can result in a lot of initial tweets, yet there is a limit to how far you can go back. What you’re trying to accomplish in your application should guide you in how to initially set SinceID. I have more to say about SinceID later in this post. The other variables initialized above include the declaration for MaxID, Count, and statusList. The statusList variable is a holder for all the timeline tweets collected during this query set. You can set Count to any value you want as the largest number of tweets to retrieve, as defined by individual Twitter timeline API resources. To effectively page results, you’ll use the maxID variable to set the MaxID property in queries, which I’ll discuss next. Initializing MaxID On your first query of a query set, MaxID will be whatever the most recent tweet is that you get back. Further, you don’t know what MaxID is until after the initial query. The technique used in this post is to do an initial query and then use the results to figure out what the next MaxID will be. Here’s the code for the initial query: var userStatusResponse = (from tweet in twitterCtx.Status where tweet.Type == StatusType.User && tweet.ScreenName == "JoeMayo" && tweet.SinceID == sinceID && tweet.Count == Count select tweet) .ToList(); statusList.AddRange(userStatusResponse); // first tweet processed on current query maxID = userStatusResponse.Min( status => ulong.Parse(status.StatusID)) - 1; The query above sets both SinceID and Count properties. As explained earlier, Count is the largest number of tweets to return, but the number can be less. A couple reasons why the number of tweets that are returned could be less than Count include the fact that the user, specified by ScreenName, might not have tweeted Count times yet or might not have tweeted at least Count times within the maximum number of tweets that can be returned by the Twitter timeline API resource. Another reason could be because there aren’t Count tweets between now and the tweet ID specified by sinceID. Setting SinceID constrains the results to only those tweets that occurred after the specified Tweet ID, assigned via the sinceID variable in the query above. The statusList is an accumulator of all tweets receive during this query set. To simplify the code, I left out some logic to check whether there were no tweets returned. If the query above doesn’t return any tweets, you’ll receive an exception when trying to perform operations on an empty list. Yeah, I cheated again. Besides querying initial tweets, what’s important about this code is the final line that sets maxID. It retrieves the lowest numbered status ID in the results. Since the lowest numbered status ID is for a tweet we already have, the code decrements the result by one to keep from asking for that tweet again. Remember, SinceID is not inclusive, but MaxID is. The maxID variable is now set to the highest possible tweet ID that can be returned in the next query. The next section explains how to use MaxID to help get the remaining tweets in the query set. Retrieving Remaining Tweets Earlier in this post, I defined a term that I called a query set. Essentially, this is a group of requests to Twitter that you perform to get all new tweets. A single query might not be enough to get all new tweets, so you’ll have to start at the top of the list that Twitter returns and keep making requests until you have all new tweets. The previous section showed the first query of the query set. The code below is a loop that completes the query set: do { // now add sinceID and maxID userStatusResponse = (from tweet in twitterCtx.Status where tweet.Type == StatusType.User && tweet.ScreenName == "JoeMayo" && tweet.Count == Count && tweet.SinceID == sinceID && tweet.MaxID == maxID select tweet) .ToList(); if (userStatusResponse.Count > 0) { // first tweet processed on current query maxID = userStatusResponse.Min( status => ulong.Parse(status.StatusID)) - 1; statusList.AddRange(userStatusResponse); } } while (userStatusResponse.Count != 0 && statusList.Count < 30); Here we have another query, but this time it includes the MaxID property. The SinceID property prevents reading tweets that we’ve already read and Count specifies the largest number of tweets to return. Earlier, I mentioned how it was important to check how many tweets were returned because failing to do so will result in an exception when subsequent code runs on an empty list. The code above protects against this problem by only working with the results if Twitter actually returns tweets. Reasons why there wouldn’t be results include: if the first query got all the new tweets there wouldn’t be more to get and there might not have been any new tweets between the SinceID and MaxID settings of the most recent query. The code for loading the returned tweets into statusList and getting the maxID are the same as previously explained. The important point here is that MaxID is being reset, not SinceID. As explained in the Twitter documentation, paging occurs from the newest tweets to oldest, so setting MaxID lets us move from the most recent tweets down to the oldest as specified by SinceID. The two loop conditions cause the loop to continue as long as tweets are being read or a max number of tweets have been read. Logically, you want to stop reading when you’ve read all the tweets and that’s indicated by the fact that the most recent query did not return results. I put the check to stop after 30 tweets are reached to keep the demo from running too long – in the console the response scrolls past available buffer and I wanted you to be able to see the complete output. Yet, there’s another point to be made about constraining the number of items you return at one time. The Twitter API has rate limits and making too many queries per minute will result in an error from twitter that LINQ to Twitter raises as an exception. To use the API properly, you’ll have to ensure you don’t exceed this threshold. Looking at the statusList.Count as done above is rather primitive, but you can implement your own logic to properly manage your rate limit. Yeah, I cheated again. Summary Now you know how to use LINQ to Twitter to work with Twitter timelines. After reading this post, you have a better idea of the role of SinceID - the oldest tweet already received. You also know that MaxID is the largest tweet ID to retrieve in a query. Together, these settings allow you to page through results via one or more queries. You also understand what factors affect the number of tweets returned and considerations for potential error handling logic. The full example of the code for this post is included in the downloadable source code for LINQ to Twitter. @JoeMayo

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