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  • Should iOS games use a Timer?

    - by ????
    No matter what frameworks we use -- Core Graphics, Cocos2D, OpenGL ES -- to write games, should a timer be used (for games that has animation even when a user doesn't do any input, such as after firing a missile and waiting to see if the UFO is hit)? I read that NSTimer might not get fired until after scheduled time (interval), and CADisplayLink can delay and get fired at a later time as well, only that it tells you how late it is so you can move the object more, so it can make the object look like it skipped frame. Must we use a Timer? And if so, what is the best one to use?

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  • How to decompose a rectangular shape in a Voronoi diagram, only generating convex shapes?

    - by DevilWithin
    I think this is a very straighforward question, lets say i have a building in 2D, a rectangle shape. Now i want to decompose that area in a lot of convex shapes, as seen in a voronoi diagram, or closely like it, just so I can add those shapes to the physics engine, and have a realistic destruction. Bonus: Possible suggestions on how to make the effect more dynamic and interesting. Please keep in mind we re talking about realtime calculations..

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  • Rotate to a set degree then stop Unity

    - by N0xus
    I'm trying to make an object rotate up on the Y axis 90 degrees, then stop. I've got the rotating up bit working fine, it's getting it to stop once it hits 90. Some of the things I've tried include the following: float i = rotateSpeed * Time.deltaTime; while ( x != 90 ) { transform.Rotate( i, 0, 0); } int x = 0; x++; if( x == 90 ) { transform.Rotate( 0, 0, 0 ); } For some reason I can't get this simple thing to work. What am I missing / not doing?

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  • How many textures can usually I bind at once?

    - by Avi
    I'm developing a game engine, and it's only going to work on modern (Shader model 4+) hardware. I figure that, by the time I'm done with it, that won't be such an unreasonable requirement. My question is: how many textures can I bind at once on a modern graphics card? 16 would be sufficient. Can I expect most modern graphics cards to support that amount? My GTX 460 appears to support 32, but I have no idea if that's representative of most modern video cards.

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  • How can I read from multiple textures in an OpenGL ES 2 shader?

    - by Peyman Tahghighi
    How can I enable more than one texture in OpenGL ES 2 so that I can sample from all of them in my shader? For example, I'm trying to read from two different textures in my shader for the player's car. This is how I'm currently dealing with the texture for my car: glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, this->texture2DObj); glUniform1i(1, 0); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, this->vertexBuffer); glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); int offset = 0; glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, this->vertexBufferSize,(const void *)offset); offset += 3 * sizeof(GLfloat); glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, this->vertexBufferSize, (const void*)offset); glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, this->indexBuffer); glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, this->indexBufferSize, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0); glDisableVertexAttribArray(0); glDisableVertexAttribArray(1);

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  • What is the most efficient way to add and remove Slick2D sprites?

    - by kirchhoff
    I'm making a game in Java with Slick2D and I want to create planes which shoots: int maxBullets = 40; static int bullet = 0; Missile missile[] = new Missile[maxBullets]; I want to create/move my missiles in the most efficient way, I would appreciate your advise: public void shoot() throws SlickException{ if(bullet<maxBullets){ if(missile[bullet] != null){ missile[bullet].resetLocation(plane.getCenterX(), plane.getCenterY(), plane.image.getRotation()); }else{ missile[bullet] = new Missile("resources/missile.png", plane.getCenterX(), plane.getCenterY(), plane.image.getRotation()); } }else{ bullet = 0; missile[bullet].resetLocation(plane.getCenterX(), plane.getCenterY(), plane.image.getRotation()); } bullet++; } I created the method resetLocation in my Missile class in order to avoid loading again the resource. Is it correct? In the update method I've got this to move all the missiles: if(bullet > 0 && bullet < maxBullets){ float hyp = 0.4f * delta; if(bullet == 1){ missile[0].move(hyp); }else{ for(int x = 0; x<bullet; x++){ missile[x].move(hyp); } } }

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  • Implementing Camera Zoom in a 2D Engine

    - by Luke
    I'm currently trying to implement camera scaling/zoom in my 2D Engine. Normally I calculate the Sprite's drawing size and position similar to this pseudo code: render() { var x = sprite.x; var y = sprite.y; var sizeX = sprite.width * sprite.scaleX; // width of the sprite on the screen var sizeY = sprite.height * sprite.scaleY; // height of the sprite on the screen } To implement the scaling i changed the code to this: class Camera { var scaleX; var scaleY; var zoom; var finalScaleX; // = scaleX * zoom var finalScaleY; // = scaleY * zoom } render() { var x = sprite.x * Camera.finalScaleX; var y = sprite.y * Camera.finalScaleY; var sizeX = sprite.width * sprite.scaleX * Camera.finalScaleX; var sizeY = sprite.height * sprite.scaleY * Camera.finalScaleY; } The problem is that when the zoom is smaller than 1.0 all sprites are moved toward the top-left corner of the screen. This is expected when looking at the code but i want the camera to zoom on the center of the screen. Any tips on how to do that are welcome. :)

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  • Alternatives to voxel-based terrain

    - by Neomex
    Are there any alternatives to voxel based terrains? Such terrain should be fully destructable, allow for arches, overhangs, preserve sharp features where needed and keep consistent topology. Maybe you can explain the problem that makes you ask this question? Voxel based terrain is basically just using a 3D grid of data to store data. There are lots of ways to render that data, but it doesn't get much simpler for storing it. – Byte56 Current isosurface extraction methods aren't most effective/bug-free. Cubical Marching Squares seem to solve most of the issues, however it is a relatively new method and there aren't too many resources about it. (I've found single university paper) Even if we stick to CMS, when we want to add multi-material support, we can either divide surface into multiple meshes, or pass a texture array or texture atlas to shaders, then we are limited to set amount of textures and additionally increase memory-usage alot.

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  • What is the correct way to reset and load new data into GL_ARRAY_BUFFER?

    - by Geto
    I am using an array buffer for colors data. If I want to load different colors for the current mesh in real time what is the correct way to do it. At the moment I am doing: glBindVertexArray(vao); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colorBuffer); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, SIZE, colorsData, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glEnableVertexAttribArray(shader->attrib("color")); glVertexAttribPointer(shader->attrib("color"), 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_TRUE, 0, NULL); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); It works, but I am not sure if this is good and efficient way to do it. What happens to the previous data ? Does it write on top of it ? Do I need to call : glDeleteBuffers(1, colorBuffer); glGenBuffers(1, colorBuffer); before transfering the new data into the buffer ?

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  • Why circles are not created if small?

    - by Suzan Cioc
    I have changed the scale to my own and now I cant create any object, including circle, if it is of the size which is normal for my scale. I am to create big object first and then modify it to smaller size. Looks like minimal size protection is set somewhere. Where? UPDATE While creating a circle, if I drag for 0.04m circle disappears after drag end. If I drag for 0.08m circle also disappears. If I drag for more than 0.1m, circle persists after drag end. How to set so that it persist after 0.01m too?

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  • Use a SQL Database for a Desktop Game

    - by sharethis
    Developing a Game Engine I am planning a computer game and its engine. There will be a 3 dimensional world with first person view and it will be single player for now. The programming language is C++ and it uses OpenGL. Data Centered Design Decision My design decision is to use a data centered architecture where there is a global event manager and a global data manager. There are many components like physics, input, sound, renderer, ai, ... Each component can trigger and listen to events. Moreover, each component can read, edit, create and remove data. The question is about the data manager. Whether to Use a Relational Database Should I use a SQL Database, e.g. SQLite or MySQL, to store the game data? This contains virtually all game content like items, characters, inventories, ... Except of meshes and textures which are even more performance related, so I will keep them in memory. Is a SQL database fast enough to use it for realtime reading and writing game informations, like the position of a moving character? I also need to care about cross-platform compatibility. Aside from keeping everything in memory, what alternatives do I have? Advantages Would Be The advantages of using a relational database like MySQL would be the data orientated structure which allows fast computation. I would not need objects for representing entities. I could easily query data of objects near the player needed for rendering. And I don't have to take care about data of objects far away. Moreover there would be no need for savegames since the hole game state is saved in the database. Last but not least, expanding the game to an online game would be relative easy because there already is a place where the hole game state is stored.

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  • Prediction happening on (sending) client side

    - by Daniel
    This seems like a simple enough concept, but I haven't seen this implemented anywhere yet. Assuming that the server just forwards and verifies data... I'm using mouse-based movement, so it's not too difficult to predict the location of the player 150ms from when the event is sent. I'm thinking it is more accurate than using old data and older data on the receiving clients' side. The question I have, is why can I not find any examples of this? Is there something fundamentally wrong with this that I cannot find anyone implementing or talking about implementing this.

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  • SDL_DisplayFormat works, but not SDL_DisplayFormatAlpha

    - by Bounderby
    The following code is intended to display a green square on a black background. It executes, but the green square does not show up. However, if I change SDL_DisplayFormatAlpha to SDL_DisplayFormat the square is rendered correctly. So what don't I understand? It seems to me that I am creating *surface with an alpha mask and I am using SDL_MapRGBA to map my green color, so it would be consistent to use SDL_DisplayFormatAlpha as well. (I removed error-checking for clarity, but none of the SDL API calls fail in this example.) #include <SDL.h> int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) { SDL_Init( SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING ); SDL_Surface *screen = SDL_SetVideoMode( 640, 480, 32, SDL_HWSURFACE | SDL_DOUBLEBUF ); SDL_Surface *temp = SDL_CreateRGBSurface( SDL_HWSURFACE, 100, 100, 32, 0, 0, 0, ( SDL_BYTEORDER == SDL_BIG_ENDIAN ? 0x000000ff : 0xff000000 ) ); SDL_Surface *surface = SDL_DisplayFormatAlpha( temp ); SDL_FreeSurface( temp ); SDL_FillRect( surface, &surface->clip_rect, SDL_MapRGBA( screen->format, 0x00, 0xff, 0x00, 0xff ) ); SDL_Rect r; r.x = 50; r.y = 50; SDL_BlitSurface( surface, NULL, screen, &r ); SDL_Flip( screen ); SDL_Delay( 1000 ); SDL_Quit(); return 0; }

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  • What is a normalized Vector?

    - by draiden
    Can someone explain the following code? I need to learn what each part means so I can turn it into enemy movement in a space shoot-em-up Vec2d playerPos; Vec2d direction; // always normalized float velocity; I get the above is naming two 2d Vector objects, and creating a variable called velocity. I'm not sure what the normalized comment is about, though. update() { direction = normalize(playerPos - enemyPos); playerPos = playerPos + direction * velocity; }

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  • HTML5 platformer collision detection problem

    - by fnx
    I'm working on a 2D platformer game, and I'm having a lot of trouble with collision detection. I've looked trough some tutorials, questions asked here and Stackoverflow, but I guess I'm just too dumb to understand what's wrong with my code. I've wanted to make simple bounding box style collisions and ability to determine on which side of the box the collision happens, but no matter what I do, I always get some weird glitches, like the player gets stuck on the wall or the jumping is jittery. You can test the game here: Platform engine test. Arrow keys move and z = run, x = jump, c = shoot. Try to jump into the first pit and slide on the wall. Here's the collision detection code: function checkCollisions(a, b) { if ((a.x > b.x + b.width) || (a.x + a.width < b.x) || (a.y > b.y + b.height) || (a.y + a.height < b.y)) { return false; } else { handleCollisions(a, b); return true; } } function handleCollisions(a, b) { var a_top = a.y, a_bottom = a.y + a.height, a_left = a.x, a_right = a.x + a.width, b_top = b.y, b_bottom = b.y + b.height, b_left = b.x, b_right = b.x + b.width; if (a_bottom + a.vy > b_top && distanceBetween(a_bottom, b_top) + a.vy < distanceBetween(a_bottom, b_bottom)) { a.topCollision = true; a.y = b.y - a.height + 2; a.vy = 0; a.canJump = true; } else if (a_top + a.vy < b_bottom && distanceBetween(a_top, b_bottom) + a.vy < distanceBetween(a_top, b_top)) { a.bottomCollision = true; a.y = b.y + b.height; a.vy = 0; } else if (a_right + a.vx > b_left && distanceBetween(a_right, b_left) < distanceBetween(a_right, b_right)) { a.rightCollision = true; a.x = b.x - a.width - 3; //a.vx = 0; } else if (a_left + a.vx < b_right && distanceBetween(a_left, b_right) < distanceBetween(a_left, b_left)) { a.leftCollision = true; a.x = b.x + b.width + 3; //a.vx = 0; } } function distanceBetween(a, b) { return Math.abs(b-a); }

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  • Spawning bullets on command in Box2D

    - by recharge330
    I'm making a simple bullet hell game but I can't figure out how to get my character to shoot. Lets say I have bulletBody and shipBody, how would I continually spawn bulletBodies using the shipBody coordinates. I've tried a function that uses an array of b2bodies and just assigns them the bodydef and fixture but that causes the game to crash. C++ sample code would be best but any help is appreciated. EDIT: It looks like any reference to my b2World in a function will cause the game to crash. How do I declare the bodies without using a b2World as an argument in the function.

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  • Instead of the specified Texture, black circles on a green background are getting rendered. Why?

    - by vinzBad
    I'm trying to render a Texture via OpenGL. But instead of the texture black circles on a green background are rendered. (They scale, depending what the rotation of the texture is) Example: The texture I'm trying to render is the following: This is the code I use to render the texture, it's located in my Sprite-class. public void Render() { Matrix4 matrix = Matrix4.CreateTranslation(-OriginX, -OriginY, 0) * Matrix4.CreateRotationZ(Rotation) * Matrix4.CreateTranslation(X, Y, 0); Vector2[] corners = { new Vector2(0,0), //top left new Vector2(Width ,0),//top right new Vector2(Width,Height),//bottom rigth new Vector2(0,Height)//bottom left }; //copy the corners to the uv coordinates Vector2[] uv = corners.ToArray<Vector2>(); //transform the coordinates for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) corners[i] = new Vector2(Vector3.Transform(new Vector3(corners[i]), matrix)); //GL.Color3(TintColor); GL.BindTexture(TextureTarget.Texture2D, _ID); GL.Begin(BeginMode.Quads); { for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { GL.TexCoord2(uv[i]); GL.Vertex3(corners[i].X, corners[i].Y, _layerDepth); } } GL.End(); if (EnableDebugDraw) { GL.Color3(Color.Violet); GL.PointSize(3); GL.Begin(BeginMode.Points); { for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) GL.Vertex2(corners[i]); } GL.End(); GL.Color3(Color.Green); GL.Begin(BeginMode.Points); GL.Vertex2(X, Y); GL.End(); } } This is how I setup OpenGL. public static void SetupGL() { GL.Enable(EnableCap.AlphaTest); GL.AlphaFunc(AlphaFunction.Greater, 0.1f); GL.Enable(EnableCap.Texture2D); GL.Hint(HintTarget.PerspectiveCorrectionHint, HintMode.Nicest); } With this function I load the texture: public static uint LoadTexture(string path) { uint id; GL.GenTextures(1, out id); GL.BindTexture(TextureTarget.Texture2D, id); Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap(path); BitmapData data = bitmap.LockBits(new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0, 0, bitmap.Width, bitmap.Height), ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb); GL.TexImage2D(TextureTarget.Texture2D, 0, PixelInternalFormat.Rgba, data.Width, data.Height, 0, OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL.PixelFormat.Bgra, PixelType.UnsignedByte, data.Scan0); bitmap.UnlockBits(data); GL.TexParameter(TextureTarget.Texture2D, TextureParameterName.TextureMinFilter, (int)TextureMinFilter.Linear); GL.TexParameter(TextureTarget.Texture2D, TextureParameterName.TextureMagFilter, (int)TextureMagFilter.Linear); return id; } And here I call Sprite.Render() protected override void OnRenderFrame(FrameEventArgs e) { GL.ClearColor(Color.MidnightBlue); GL.Clear(ClearBufferMask.ColorBufferBit); _sprite.Render(); SwapBuffers(); base.OnRenderFrame(e); } As I stole this code from the Textures-Example from OpenTK, I don't understand why this doesn't work.

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  • Reflection velocity

    - by MindSeeker
    I'm trying to get a moving circular object to bounce (elastically) off of an immovable circular object. Am I doing this right? (The results look right, but I hate to trust that alone, and I can't find a tutorial that tackles this problem and includes the nitty gritty math/code to verify what I'm doing). If it is right, is there a better/faster/more elegant way to do this? Note that the object (this) is the moving circle, and the EntPointer object is the immovable circle. //take vector separating the two centers <x, y>, and then get unit vector of the result: MathVector2d unitnormal = MathVector2d(this -> Retxpos() - EntPointer -> Retxpos(), this -> Retypos() - EntPointer -> Retypos()).UnitVector(); //take tangent <-y, x> of the unitnormal: MathVector2d unittangent = MathVector2d(-unitnormal.ycomp, unitnormal.xcomp); MathVector2d V1 = MathVector2d(this -> Retxvel(), this -> Retyvel()); //Calculate the normal and tangent vector lengths of the velocity: (the normal changes, the tangent stays the same) double LengthNormal = DotProduct(unitnormal, V1); double LengthTangent = DotProduct(unittangent, V1); MathVector2d VelVecNewNormal = unitnormal.ScalarMultiplication(-LengthNormal); //the negative of what it was before MathVector2d VelVecNewTangent = unittangent.ScalarMultiplication(LengthTangent); //this stays the same MathVector2d NewVel = VectorAddition(VelVecNewNormal, VelVecNewTangent); //combine them xvel = NewVel.xcomp; //and then apply them yvel = NewVel.ycomp; Note also that this question is just about velocity, the position code is handled elsewhere (in other words, assume that this code is implemented at the exact moment that the circles begin to overlap). Thanks in advance for your help and time!

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  • Fast lighting with multple lights

    - by codymanix
    How can I implement fast lighting with multiple lights? I don't want to restrain the player, he can place an unlimited number and possibly overlapping (point) lights into the level. The problem is that shaders which contain dynamic loops which would be necessary to calculate the lighting tend to be very slow. I had the idea that if it could be possible at compiletime to compile a shader n times where n is the number of lights. If the number n is known at compiletime, the loops can be unrolled automatically. Is this possible to generate n versions of the same shader with just a different number of lights? At runtime I could then decide which shader to use for which part of the level.

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  • Quaternions, Axis Angles and Rotation Matrices. Which of these should I use for FP Camera?

    - by Afonso Lage
    After 2 weeks of reading many math formulas and such I know what is a Quaternion, an Axis Angles and Matrices. I have made my own math libary (Java) to use on my game (LWJGL). But I'm really confused about all this. I want to have a 3D first person camera. The move (translation) is working fine but the rotation isnt working like I need. I need a camera to rotate arround world Axis and not about its own axis. But even using Quaternions, this doesnt work and no matter how much I read about Euler Angles, everybody says to me dont touch on it! This is a little piece of code that i'm using to make the rotation: Quaternion qPitch = Quaternion.createFromAxis(cameraRotate.x, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); Quaternion qYaw = Quaternion.createFromAxis(cameraRotate.y, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); this.multiplicate(qPitch.toMatrix4f().toArray()); this.multiplicate(qYaw.toMatrix4f().toArray()); Where this is a Matrix4f view matrix and cameraRotate is a Vector3f that just handle the angles to rotate obtained from mouse move. So I think I'm doing everything right: Translate the view Matrix Rotate the Move Matrix So, after reading all this, I just want to know: To obtain a correct first person camera rotate, I must need to use Quaternios to make the rotations, but how to rotate around world axis? Thanks for reading it. Best regards, Afonso Lage

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  • XNA content.load Dependancy

    - by Richard
    Quick question, My project i'm building for test purposes is working fine but i have dependencies flying around everywhere due to the XNA framework. In Update i have gametime passed everywhere... this is okay. In Draw i have gametime & spritebatch passed everywhere... this is okay. My issue is in the content.load textures/sounds/fonts. I have them as public variables ie Texture1 = Content.load(of texture2d)("Texture1") I'm passing a 'Game1' pointer into the constructor of every new class being instantiated to gain access to these variables. Am i missing an OOP trick to prevent me having to pass a pointer to 'game1' to every New class?

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  • Input prediction and server re-simultaion

    - by Lope
    I have read plenty of articles about multiplayer principles and I have basic client-server system set up. There is however one thing I am not clear on. When player enters input, it is sent to the server and steps back in time to check if what should have happened at the time of that input and it resimulates the world again. So far everything's clear. All articles took shooting as an example, because it is easy to explain and it is pretty straightforward, but I believe movement is more complicated. Imagine following situation: 2 players move towards each other. A------<------B Player A stops halfway towards the collision point, but there is lag spike so the command does not arrive on the server for a second or so. Current state of the world on the server (and on the other clients as well) at the time when input arrives is this: [1]: -------AB------- The command arrives and we go back in time and re-simulate the world, the result is this: [2]: ---AB----------- Player A sees situation [2] which is correct, but the player is suddenly teleported from the position in [1] (center) to the position in [2]. Is this how this is supposed to work? Point of the client prediction is to give lagged player feeling that everything is smooth, not to ruin experience for other players. Alternative is to discard timestamp on the player's input and handle it when it arrives on the server without going back in time. This, however, creates even more severe problems for lagged player (even if he is lagging just a bit)

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  • ECS with Go - circular imports [migrated]

    - by Andreas
    I'm exploring both Go and Entity-Component-Systems. I understand how ECS works, and I'm trying to replicate what seems to be the go-to document of ECS, namely http://cowboyprogramming.com/2007/01/05/evolve-your-heirachy/ For performance, the document recommends to use static arrays of every component type. That is, not arrays of component interfaces (arrays of pointers). The problem with this in Go is circular imports. I have one package, ecs, which contains the definitions for Entity, Component and System types/interfaces as well as an EntityManager. Another package, ecs/components, contains the various components. Obviously, the ecs/components package depends on ecs. But, to declare arrays of specific components in EntityManager, ecs would depend on ecs/components, therefore creating a circular import. Is there any way of avoiding this? I am aware that normally a high level system should not depend on lower systems. I'm also want to point out that using an array of pointers is probably fast enough for my purposes, but I'm interested in possible workarounds (for future reference) Thank you for your help!

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  • What file formats and conventions should I support to make my game engine artist-friendly?

    - by Avi
    I'm writing a game engine, and I want to know what I should do to make it more artist-friendly. I don't want to be too limiting in terms of what file formats I support, etc. Some specific questions: Are there specific formats artists like to model in? Does it not matter because the 3D modeler abstracts the data storage away? Is it okay if I don't support per-vertex coloration in my game engine? If I have to store a diffuse, specular, ambient, and emissive color value for each vertex, it doubles the size of vertices in the buffer. Is it reasonable to ask artists to do all these things in textures / maps? Any other tips you have about making it so that artists have to adapt their style to my specific engine as little as possible would be nice.

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