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  • Passing variables, creating instances, self, The mechanics and usage of classes: need explenation

    - by Baf
    I've been sitting over this the whole day and Im a little tired already so please excuse me being brief. Im new to python. I just rewrrote a working program, into a bunch of functions in a class and everzthings messed up. I dont know if its me but Im very surprised i couldn t find a beginners tutorial on how to handle classes on the web so I have a few questions. First of all, in the init section of the class i have declared a bunch of variables with self.variable=something. Is it correct that i should be able to access/modify these variables in every function of the class by using self.variable in that function? In other words by declaring self.variable i have made these variables, global variables in the scope of the class right? If not how do i handle self. ? Secondly how do i correctly pass arguments to the class? some example code would be cool. thirdly how do i call a function of the class outside of the class scope? some example code would be cool. fouthly how do I create an Instance of the class INITIALCLASS in another class OTHERCLASS, passing variables from OTHERCLASS to INITIALCLASS? some example code would be cool. I Want to call a function from OTHERCLASS with arguments from INITIALCLASS. What Ive done so far is. class OTHERCLASS(): def __init__(self,variable1,variable2,variable3): self.variable1=variable1 self.variable2=variable2 self.variable3=variable3 def someotherfunction(self): something=somecode(using self.variable3) self.variable2.append(something) print self.variable2 def somemorefunctions(self): self.variable2.append(variable1) class INITIALCLASS(): def __init__(self): self.variable1=value1 self.variable2=[] self.variable3='' self.DoIt=OTHERCLASS(variable1,variable2,variable3) def somefunction(self): variable3=Somecode #tried this self.DoIt.someotherfunctions() #and this DoIt.someotherfunctions() I clearly havent understood how to pass variables to classes or how to handle self, when to use it and when not, I probably also havent understood how to properly create an isntance of a class. In general i havent udnerstood the mechanics of classes So please help me and explain it to me like i have no Idea( which i dont it seems). Or point me to a thorough video, or readable tutorial. All i find on the web is super simple examples, that didnt help me much. Or just very short definitions of classes and class methods instances etc. I can send you my original code if you guys want, but its quite long. Thanks for the Help Much appreciated!

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  • Android hosts file usage

    - by dominos
    I have the following problem: I make a custom hosts file to test some features of my application and then push it to my android emulator. The thing is that these settings do not take effect immediately. I have to wait about 10 minutes before they become active. So my question is: how to make the new hosts file active instantly? I have many different settings to test and I can't wait 10 minutes every time.

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  • Usage Rails 3.0 beta 3 without ActiveRecoord ORM

    - by Anton
    Hi everybody! Just installed Rails 3.0 beta 3 in Windows 7. And started playing with some easy examples class SignupController < ApplicationController def index @user = User.new(params[:user]) if method.post? and @user.save redirect_to :root end end end class User def initialize(params = {}) @email = params[:email] @passw = params[:passw] end def save end end <div align="center"> <% form_for :user do |form| %> <%= form.label :email %> <%= form.text_field :email %><br /> <%= form.label :password %> <%= form.text_field :password %><br /> <%= form.submit :Register! %> <% end %> </div> When I go to /signup I'm getting this error NoMethodError in SignupController#index You have a nil object when you didn't expect it! You might have expected an instance of Array. The error occurred while evaluating nil.[] Is there a problem with constructor or what's wrong?Please, need your help!

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  • Confusing of TTimeSpan usage in Delphi 2010

    - by stanleyxu2005
    Hi All, I tried the new Record type TTimeSpan in Delphi 2010. But I encourage a very strange problem. assert(TTimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(5000).Milliseconds == 5000); This assertion does not pass. The value of 'TTimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(5000).Milliseconds' is always 0. I really cannot explain.

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  • Improving WPF memory usage

    - by Krishna
    Hello developers Is there any way you can store the UI state to disk when a WPF form has been minimised. I have a complex GUI with few Tab Controls and it consumes quite a bit of memory which is kept allocated when the application is not active. I was hoping one of you may have got this working along the lines (or similar) Application Active User does work, plays with UI - enters some information in the text boxes and moves around the tabs User minimises the form to work with other applications On Minimise, Save the current state to the disk and dispose the root tabcontrol On Activiate, build the root tabcontrol from the disk and add to the controls collection Before I divein to do this, I thought it will help me if I ask this question here. Please let me know your thoughts

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  • Question About id and Delegate Usage in Obj-C

    - by Stunner
    Ey guys, I am wondering what the following line of code is doing: @property (assign, nonatomic) id <CoursePlannerDelegate> delegate; Namely I am wondering about this portion of the line: id <CoursePlannerDelegate> delegate; It also shows up in other places: @interface CategoryAddViewController : UIViewController { UITextField *nameField, *weightField; double maxWeight; //The maximum weight that can be allocated to this Category (max value of 100) id <CategoryAddDelegate> delegate; //A Course Planner TVC } Any help appreciated, thanks in advance!

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  • What is the purpose of this delegate usage?

    - by Kev
    Whilst poking around some code in .NET Reflector in an app I don't have the source code for I found this: if (DeleteDisks) { using (List<XenRef<VDI>>.Enumerator enumerator3 = list.GetEnumerator()) { MethodInvoker invoker2 = null; XenRef<VDI> vdiRef; while (enumerator3.MoveNext()) { vdiRef = enumerator3.Current; if (invoker2 == null) { // // Why do this? // invoker2 = delegate { VDI.destroy(session, vdiRef.opaque_ref); }; } bestEffort(ref caught, invoker2); } } } if (caught != null) { throw caught; } private static void bestEffort(ref Exception caught, MethodInvoker func) { try { func(); } catch (Exception exception) { log.Error(exception, exception); if (caught == null) { caught = exception; } } } Why not call VDI.destroy() directly. Is this just a way of wrapping the same pattern of try { do something } catch { log error } if it's used a lot?

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  • Usage patterns/use cases for DI or when to start using it

    - by Fabian
    I'm not sure for which use cases one should to use DI in the application. I know that injecting services like PlaceService or CalculationService etc fits very well but should I also create my domain objects with DI like a User? What is if the User has only one constructor which requires a first and lastname. Is this solveable with DI? Should I use DI to create the instances for Set/List interfaces or is this pure overkill? I use guice primarily.

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  • Hibernate many-to-one - bad usage?

    - by DaveA
    Just trying out Hibernate (with Annotations) and I'm having problems with my mappings. I have two entity classes, AudioCD and Artist. @Entity public class AudioCD implements CatalogItem { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO) private int id; private String title; @ManyToOne(cascade = { CascadeType.ALL }, optional = false) private Artist artist; .... } @Entity @Table(uniqueConstraints = { @UniqueConstraint(columnNames = { "name" }) }) public class Artist { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO) private int id; @Column(nullable = false) private String name; ..... } I get AudioCD objects from an external source. When I try to persist the AudioCD the Artist gets persisted as well, just like I want to happen. If I try persisting another different CD, but Artist already exists I get errors due to constraint violations. I want Hibernate to recognise that the Artist already exists and shouldn't be inserted again. Can this be done via annotations? Or do I have to manage the persistence of the AudioCD and Artist seperately?

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  • Google Image search base url for non ajax usage

    - by Mikulas Dite
    I would like to use Google Image search, however I can't find the proper url anywhere. Examples always refer to the web search, not the image search. I do not want to use javascript, I need the iamge at server side. Please, do not simply post links to the API documentation, but preferably the url itself. (Or the missing url argument etc). http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/services/search/web This is a web search - no changing web to image/img doesn't work.

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  • ASP.NET MVC2 - usage of LINQ-generated class (validation problem)

    - by ile
    There are few things not clear to me about ASP.NET MV2. In database I have table Contacts with several fields, and there is an additional field XmlFields of which type is xml. In that field are stored additional description fields. There are 4 classes: Contact class which corresponds to Contact table and is defined by default when creating LINQ classes ContactListView class which inherits Contact class and has some additional properties ContactXmlView class that contains fields from XmlFields field ContactDetailsView class which merges ContactListView and ContactXmlView into one class and this one is used to display data in view pages ContactListView class has re-defined some properties from Contact class (so that I can add [Required] filter used for validation) - but I get warning message: 'ObjectTest.Models.Contacts.ContactListView.FirstName' hides inherited member 'SA.Model.Contact.FirstName'. Use the new keyword if hiding was intended. ContactDetailsView class is also used in a form when creating new contact and adding it to database. I am not sure if this is correct way, and the warning message confuses me a bit. Any advise about this? Thanks, Ile EDIT According to Jakob's instructions I tried it from scratch: [MetadataType(typeof(Person_Validation))] public partial class Person { } public class Person_Validation { [Required] string FirstName { get; set; } [Required] string LastName { get; set; } [Required] int Age { get; set; } } In Controller I have this: [HttpPost] public ActionResult Create(Person person, FormCollection collection) { if (ModelState.IsValid) { try { personRepository.Add(person); personRepository.Save(); } catch { return View(person); } } return RedirectToAction("Index"); } View: <%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<Validate.Models.Person>" %> <asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="TitleContent" runat="server"> Create </asp:Content> <asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" runat="server"> <h2>Create</h2> <% using (Html.BeginForm()) {%> <%= Html.ValidationSummary(true) %> <fieldset> <legend>Fields</legend> <div class="editor-label"> <%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.FirstName) %> </div> <div class="editor-field"> <%= Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.FirstName) %> <%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.FirstName) %> </div> <div class="editor-label"> <%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.LastName) %> </div> <div class="editor-field"> <%= Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.LastName) %> <%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.LastName) %> </div> <div class="editor-label"> <%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.Age) %> </div> <div class="editor-field"> <%= Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.Age) %> <%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Age) %> </div> <p> <input type="submit" value="Create" /> </p> </fieldset> <% } %> <div> <%= Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index") %> </div> </asp:Content> When posting new person with no values, nothing happens (page is just reloaded). When posting with some values, person is added to db. I have no idea what am I doing wrong.

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  • Correct usage of "<T extends SuperClass>"

    - by yusaku
    I am not familiar with "Generics". Is it a correct use of "<T extends SuperClass>" ? And do you agree that the codes after using generics are better? Before using Generics ================================================= public abstract class SuperSample { public void getSomething(boolean isProcessA) { doProcessX(); if(isProcessA){ doProcessY(new SubASample()); }else{ doProcessY(new SubBSample()); } } protected abstract void doProcessX(); protected void doProcessY(SubASample subASample) { // Nothing to do } protected void doProcessY(SubBSample subBSample) { // Nothing to do } } public class SubASample extends SuperSample { @Override protected void doProcessX() { System.out.println("doProcessX in SubASample"); } @Override protected void doProcessY(SubASample subASample) { System.out.println("doProcessY in SubASample"); } } public class Sample { public static void main(String[] args) { SubASample subASample = new SubASample(); subASample.getSomething(true); } } After using Generics ================================================= public abstract class SuperSample { public void getSomething(boolean isProcessA) { doProcessX(); if(isProcessA){ doProcessY(new SubASample()); }else{ doProcessY(new SubBSample()); } } protected abstract void doProcessX(); protected abstract <T extends SuperSample> void doProcessY(T subSample); } public class SubASample extends SuperSample { @Override protected void doProcessX() { System.out.println("doProcessX in SubASample"); } @Override protected <T extends SuperSample> void doProcessY(T subSample) { System.out.println("doProcessY in SubASample"); } } public class Sample { public static void main(String[] args) { SubASample subASample = new SubASample(); subASample.getSomething(true); } }

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  • Semantic #region usage

    - by Luca
    What's your opinion about using #region folding using application semantic, instead of folding for "syntax". For example: #region Application Loop #region User Management #region This Kinf of stuffs instead of #region Private Routines #region Public Properties #region ThisRoutine // (Yes, I've seen this also!) In this logic, I'm starting fold even routine bodies. I'm starting to love #region directive (even using #pragma region when using C++!).

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  • C# ApplicationContext usage

    - by rd42
    Apologies if my terminology is off, I'm new to C#. I'm trying to use an ApplicationContext file to store mysql conn values, like dbname, username, password. The class with mysql conn string is "using" the namespace for the ApplicationContext, but when I print out the connection string, the values are making it. A friend said, "I'm not initializing it" but couldn't stay to expand on what "it" was. and the "Console.WriteLine("1");" in ApplicationContext.cs never shows up. Do I need to create an ApplicationContext object and the call Initialize() on that object? Thanks for any help. ApplicationContext.cs: namespace NewApplication.Context { class ApplicationContext { public static string serverName; public static string username; public static string password; public static void Initialize() { //need to read through config here try { Console.WriteLine("1"); XmlDocument xDoc = new XmlDocument(); xDoc.Load(".\\Settings.xml"); XmlNodeList serverNodeList = xDoc.GetElementsByTagName("DatabaseServer"); XmlNodeList usernameNodeList = xDoc.GetElementsByTagName("UserName"); XmlNodeList passwordNodeList = xDoc.GetElementsByTagName("Password"); } catch (Exception ex) { // MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString()); //TODO: Future write to log file username = "user"; password = "password"; serverName = "localhost"; } } } } MySQLManager.cs: note: dbname is the same as the username as you'll see in the code, I copied this from a friend who does that. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using MySql.Data; using MySql.Data.MySqlClient; using NewApplication.Context; namespace NewApplication.DAO { class MySQLManager { private static MySqlConnection conn; public static MySqlConnection getConnection() { if (conn == null || conn.State == System.Data.ConnectionState.Closed) { string connStr = "server=" + ApplicationContext.serverName + ";user=" + ApplicationContext.username + ";database=" + ApplicationContext.username + ";port=3306;password=" + ApplicationContext.password + ";"; conn = new MySqlConnection(connStr); try { Console.WriteLine("Connecting to MySQL... "); Console.WriteLine("Connection string: " + connStr + "\n"); conn.Open(); // Perform databse operations // conn.Close(); } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString()); } } return conn; } } } and, thanks for still reading, this is the code that uses the two previous files: class LogDAO { MySqlConnection conn; public LogDAO() { conn = MySQLManager.getConnection(); } Thank you, rd42

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  • Question about memory usage

    - by sudo rm -rf
    Hi there. I have the following method: +(NSMutableDictionary *)getTime:(float)lat :(float)lon { NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; NSMutableDictionary *dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init]; [dictionary setObject:hour forKey:@"hour"]; [dictionary setObject:minute forKey:@"minute"]; [dictionary setObject:ampm forKey:@"ampm"]; return dictionary; } A lot of the method is chopped off, so I think I need the pool for some other stuff in the method. Here's my question. I know that I need to release the following objects: [dictionary release]; [pool release]; However, I can't release the dictionary before I return it, but as soon as I return it the rest of the method isn't performed. What should I do?

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  • Optimizing memory usage and changing file contents with PHP

    - by errata
    In a function like this function download($file_source, $file_target) { $rh = fopen($file_source, 'rb'); $wh = fopen($file_target, 'wb'); if (!$rh || !$wh) { return false; } while (!feof($rh)) { if (fwrite($wh, fread($rh, 1024)) === FALSE) { return false; } } fclose($rh); fclose($wh); return true; } what is the best way to rewrite last few bytes of a file with my custom string? Thanks!

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  • Proper usage of Java Weak Reference in case of nested collections

    - by Tong Wang
    I need to define a weak reference Map, whose value is a Set. I use Google collections' MapMaker, like this: Map<Class<? extends Object>, Set<Foo>> map = new MapMaker().weakKeys().weakValues().makeMap(); So, for Set<Foo>, can I use a normal HashSet? Or, do I have to create a weak HashSet, like this: Collections.newSetFromMap(new WeakHashMap<Foo, Boolean>()); And why? Another question, the key of my map is Class objects, when will a Class object become weakly reachable? In other words, what is the lifetime of a Class object? Thanks.

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  • Handling large datasets with PHP/Drupal

    - by jo
    Hi all, I have a report page that deals with ~700k records from a database table. I can display this on a webpage using paging to break up the results. However, my export to PDF/CSV functions rely on processing the entire data set at once and I'm hitting my 256MB memory limit at around 250k rows. I don't feel comfortable increasing the memory limit and I haven't got the ability to use MySQL's save into outfile to just serve a pre-generated CSV. However, I can't really see a way of serving up large data sets with Drupal using something like: $form = array(); $table_headers = array(); $table_rows = array(); $data = db_query("a query to get the whole dataset"); while ($row = db_fetch_object($data)) { $table_rows[] = $row->some attribute; } $form['report'] = array('#value' => theme('table', $table_headers, $table_rows); return $form; Is there a way of getting around what is essentially appending to a giant array of arrays? At the moment I don't see how I can offer any meaningful report pages with Drupal due to this. Thanks

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  • Propor usage of double and single quotes?

    - by Phox
    I'm talking about the performance increase here. From all I know you can echo variables in double quotes ("), like so: <?php echo "You are $yourAge years old"; ?> But single quotes will just return You are $yourAge years old. But what about performance differences? I've always gone by the rule that single quotes are faster because the PHP interpreter doesn't have to search through the string for variables. But I'm seeing more and more blog and forum posts on the web saying differently. Does anyone actually have any information on this subject? Perhaps benchmark tests or something? Cheers.

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