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  • Examples of 2D side-scrollers that achieve open non-linear feel?

    - by Milosz Falinski
    I'm working on a 2.5D platformer prototype that aims for an open feel while maintaining familiar core mechanics. Now, there's some obvious challenges with creating a non constricted feel in a spatially constricted environment. What I'm interested in, is examples of how game designers deal with the "here's a level, beat the bad guys/puzzles to get to the next level" design that seems so natural to most platformers (eg. Mario/Braid/Pid/Meat Boy to name a few). Some ideas for achieving openness I've come across include: One obvious successful example is Terraria, which achieves openness simply through complexity and flexibility of the game-system Another example that comes to mind is Cave Story. Game is non-linear, offers multiple choices and side-stories Mario, Rayman and some other 'classics' with a top-down level selection. I actually really dislike this as it never did anything for me emotionally and just seems like a bit of a lazy way to do things. Note: I've not actually had much experience with most of the 'classical' console platformers, apart from the obvious Marios/Zeldas/Metroids, since I've grown up on adventure games. By that I mean, it's entirely possible that I simply missed some games that solve the problem really well and are by some considered obvious 'classics'.

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  • Reasoner Conversion Problems:

    - by Annalyne
    I have this code right here in Java and I wanted to translate it in C++, but I had some problems going: this is the java code: import java.io.*; import java.util.*; public class ClueReasoner { private int numPlayers; private int playerNum; private int numCards; private SATSolver solver; private String caseFile = "cf"; private String[] players = {"sc", "mu", "wh", "gr", "pe", "pl"}; private String[] suspects = {"mu", "pl", "gr", "pe", "sc", "wh"}; private String[] weapons = {"kn", "ca", "re", "ro", "pi", "wr"}; private String[] rooms = {"ha", "lo", "di", "ki", "ba", "co", "bi", "li", "st"}; private String[] cards; public ClueReasoner() { numPlayers = players.length; // Initialize card info cards = new String[suspects.length + weapons.length + rooms.length]; int i = 0; for (String card : suspects) cards[i++] = card; for (String card : weapons) cards[i++] = card; for (String card : rooms) cards[i++] = card; numCards = i; // Initialize solver solver = new SATSolver(); addInitialClauses(); } private int getPlayerNum(String player) { if (player.equals(caseFile)) return numPlayers; for (int i = 0; i < numPlayers; i++) if (player.equals(players[i])) return i; System.out.println("Illegal player: " + player); return -1; } private int getCardNum(String card) { for (int i = 0; i < numCards; i++) if (card.equals(cards[i])) return i; System.out.println("Illegal card: " + card); return -1; } private int getPairNum(String player, String card) { return getPairNum(getPlayerNum(player), getCardNum(card)); } private int getPairNum(int playerNum, int cardNum) { return playerNum * numCards + cardNum + 1; } public void addInitialClauses() { // TO BE IMPLEMENTED AS AN EXERCISE // Each card is in at least one place (including case file). for (int c = 0; c < numCards; c++) { int[] clause = new int[numPlayers + 1]; for (int p = 0; p <= numPlayers; p++) clause[p] = getPairNum(p, c); solver.addClause(clause); } // If a card is one place, it cannot be in another place. // At least one card of each category is in the case file. // No two cards in each category can both be in the case file. } public void hand(String player, String[] cards) { playerNum = getPlayerNum(player); // TO BE IMPLEMENTED AS AN EXERCISE } public void suggest(String suggester, String card1, String card2, String card3, String refuter, String cardShown) { // TO BE IMPLEMENTED AS AN EXERCISE } public void accuse(String accuser, String card1, String card2, String card3, boolean isCorrect) { // TO BE IMPLEMENTED AS AN EXERCISE } public int query(String player, String card) { return solver.testLiteral(getPairNum(player, card)); } public String queryString(int returnCode) { if (returnCode == SATSolver.TRUE) return "Y"; else if (returnCode == SATSolver.FALSE) return "n"; else return "-"; } public void printNotepad() { PrintStream out = System.out; for (String player : players) out.print("\t" + player); out.println("\t" + caseFile); for (String card : cards) { out.print(card + "\t"); for (String player : players) out.print(queryString(query(player, card)) + "\t"); out.println(queryString(query(caseFile, card))); } } public static void main(String[] args) { ClueReasoner cr = new ClueReasoner(); String[] myCards = {"wh", "li", "st"}; cr.hand("sc", myCards); cr.suggest("sc", "sc", "ro", "lo", "mu", "sc"); cr.suggest("mu", "pe", "pi", "di", "pe", null); cr.suggest("wh", "mu", "re", "ba", "pe", null); cr.suggest("gr", "wh", "kn", "ba", "pl", null); cr.suggest("pe", "gr", "ca", "di", "wh", null); cr.suggest("pl", "wh", "wr", "st", "sc", "wh"); cr.suggest("sc", "pl", "ro", "co", "mu", "pl"); cr.suggest("mu", "pe", "ro", "ba", "wh", null); cr.suggest("wh", "mu", "ca", "st", "gr", null); cr.suggest("gr", "pe", "kn", "di", "pe", null); cr.suggest("pe", "mu", "pi", "di", "pl", null); cr.suggest("pl", "gr", "kn", "co", "wh", null); cr.suggest("sc", "pe", "kn", "lo", "mu", "lo"); cr.suggest("mu", "pe", "kn", "di", "wh", null); cr.suggest("wh", "pe", "wr", "ha", "gr", null); cr.suggest("gr", "wh", "pi", "co", "pl", null); cr.suggest("pe", "sc", "pi", "ha", "mu", null); cr.suggest("pl", "pe", "pi", "ba", null, null); cr.suggest("sc", "wh", "pi", "ha", "pe", "ha"); cr.suggest("wh", "pe", "pi", "ha", "pe", null); cr.suggest("pe", "pe", "pi", "ha", null, null); cr.suggest("sc", "gr", "pi", "st", "wh", "gr"); cr.suggest("mu", "pe", "pi", "ba", "pl", null); cr.suggest("wh", "pe", "pi", "st", "sc", "st"); cr.suggest("gr", "wh", "pi", "st", "sc", "wh"); cr.suggest("pe", "wh", "pi", "st", "sc", "wh"); cr.suggest("pl", "pe", "pi", "ki", "gr", null); cr.printNotepad(); cr.accuse("sc", "pe", "pi", "bi", true); } } how can I convert this? there are too many errors I get. for my C++ code (as a commentor asked for) #include <iostream> #include <cstdlib> #include <string> using namespace std; void Scene_Reasoner() { int numPlayer; int playerNum; int cardNum; string filecase = "Case: "; string players [] = {"sc", "mu", "wh", "gr", "pe", "pl"}; string suspects [] = {"mu", "pl", "gr", "pe", "sc", "wh"}; string weapons [] = {"kn", "ca", "re", "ro", "pi", "wr"}; string rooms[] = {"ha", "lo", "di", "ki", "ba", "co", "bi", "li", "st"}; string cards [0]; }; void Scene_Reason_Base () { numPlayer = players.length; // Initialize card info cards = new String[suspects.length + weapons.length + rooms.length]; int i = 0; for (String card : suspects) cards[i++] = card; for (String card : weapons) cards[i++] = card; for (String card : rooms) cards[i++] = card; cardNum = i; }; private int getCardNum (string card) { for (int i = 0; i < numCards; i++) if (card.equals(cards[i])) return i; cout << "Illegal card: " + card <<endl; return -1; }; private int getPairNum(String player, String card) { return getPairNum(getPlayerNum(player), getCardNum(card)); }; private int getPairNum(int playerNum, int cardNum) { return playerNum * numCards + cardNum + 1; }; int main () { return 0; }

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  • Does Unity's "Transparent Bumped Specular" translate to "semi-shiny must be semi-transparent"?

    - by Shivan Dragon
    Unity's documentation for the "Transparent Bumped Specular" shader/material-type is simply a concatenation of each of the descriptions for its Transparent and Specular Shaders (and also Bumped, but that doesn't apply to the question): Transparent Properties This shader can make mesh geometry partially or fully transparent by reading the alpha channel of the main texture. In the alpha, 0 (black) is completely transparent while 255 (white) is completely opaque. If your main texture does not have an alpha channel, the object will appear completely opaque. (...) Specular Properties (...) Additionally, the alpha channel of the main texture acts as a Specular Map (sometimes called "gloss map"), defining which areas of the object are more reflective than others. Black areas of the alpha will be zero specular reflection, while white areas will be full specular reflection. To me this translates to: I have a mesh representig a car tire The texture need to be very shiny on the rims parts, and almost not shiny at all for the rubber parts Also since the rim is really complex, (with like cut-out decoretions and such), I will not build that into the mesh, but fake it with transparency in the texture I can't do all this using Unity's "Transparent Bumped Specular" shader, because the "rubber" part of the texture will become semi transparent due to me painting the alpha channel dark-grey (because I want it to also be less shiny). Is this correct? If not, how can I make this work?

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  • How to port animation from one skeleton to another?

    - by shawn
    While I need to do this in a Blender3D modeler script, the math should be similar for other modelers or realtime engines. Blender3D specific terminology: Armature = skeleton EditBone = rest pose bone (stores the rest pose matrix) PoseBone = can store a different pose (animation matrix) for each frame of your animation I need to share animations (Blender Actions) between Armatures which have EditBones with same names and which have the same positions, but can have different (rest pose) angles and scales. Plus the Armatures might have different bone hierarchy (bone parenting/ no bone parenting). Why I need this: I've made an importer/exporter for a 3d format for a game. The format doesn't store enough info to connect/parent the bones, which makes posing/animating character models in a 3d modeller nearly impossible (original model files for the 3d modeler don't exist, this is for modding). As there are only 2 character skeleton types in the game, I decided to optionally allow to generate the bone from a hardcoded data in the model importer and undo that in the exporter. This allows to easily pose the model for checking weights, easily create weights, makes it easier for Blender to generate automatic weights and of course makes animating possible. This worked perfectly: the importer optionally generated the Armature itself and the exporter removed those changes, so the exported model works with existing animations in the game. But now I'm writing an importer and exporter for the game's animation format and here come the problems of: Trying to make original animations work in Blender with my "custom" (modified) Armature Trying to make animations created by using the "custom" (modified) Armature work with the original models in the game (and Blender). Constraints or bone snapping inside Blender won't work as they don't care that the bones have different angles in the rest pose, they will still face the same direction. It seems I just need to get the "difference" between the EditBone matrices of all EditBones for the two Armatures somehow and apply that difference to PoseBone matrices of all PoseBones, for all frames of my animation. I need to know how to get that difference and how to apply it. BTW, PoseBone matrices are relative to rest pose, they are by default [1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000](matrix [row 0]) [0.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000](matrix [row 1]) [0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000](matrix [row 2]) [0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000](matrix [row 3]) So the question is: How to get the difference between two bone (EditBone) matrices to apply that difference to the animation matrices (PoseBone matrices)? Please be easy on the matrix math.

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  • OpenGL: Filtering/antialising textures in a 2D game

    - by futlib
    I'm working on a 2D game using OpenGL 1.5 that uses rather large textures. I'm seeing aliasing effects and am wondering how to tackle those. I'm finding lots of material about antialiasing in 3D games, but I don't see how most of that applies to 2D games - e.g. antisoptric filtering seems to make no sense, FSAA doesn't sound like the best bet either. I suppose this means texture filtering is my best option? Right now I'm using bilinear filtering, I think: glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); From what I've read, I'd have to use mipmaps to use trilinear filtering, which would drive memory usage up, so I'd rather not. I know the final sizes of all the textures when they are loaded, so can't I somehow size them correctly at that point? (Using some form of texture filtering).

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  • Managing flash animations for a game

    - by LoveMeSomeCode
    Ok, I've been writing C# for a while, but I'm new to ActionScript, so this is a question about best practices. We're developing a simple match game, where the user selects tiles and tries to match various numbers - sort of like memory - and when the match is made we want a series of animations to take place, and when they're done, remove the tile and add a new one. So basically it's: User clicks the MC Animation 1 on the MC starts Animation 1 ends Remove the MC from the stage Add a new MC Start the animation on the new MC The problem I run into is that I don't want to make the same timeline motion tween on each and every tile, when the animation is all the same. It's just the picture in the tile that's different. The other method I've come up with is to just apply the tweens in code on the main stage. Then I attach an event handler for MOTION_FINISH, and in that handler I trigger the next animation and listen for that to finish etc. This works too, but not only do I have to do all the tweening in code, I have a seperate event handler for each stage of the animation. So is there a more structured way of chaining these animations together?

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  • Making organic 2D tilemaps for tile based games...

    - by Codejoy
    So I have always wondered how one makes a nice (not so squarish) 2d tile map, is it possible? all games now days I think use textured polygons...but my game engine (and engine) doesn't support that to my knowledge. But it does support nice TMX files generated by mapeditor.org's Tiled Map Editor. Though in my game I want nice twisting and turning caverns to traverse ... I was wondering some ideas on such a process... is it in the art style? The type of tile engine? both? So what are some common techniques?

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  • game performance

    - by iQue
    I'm making a game for android, and earlier today I was trying to add some cool stuff to my game. The problem is this thing needs like 5 timers. I build my timers like this: timer += deltaTime; if(timer >= 2.0f){ doStuff; timer -= 2.0f; } // this timers gets stuff done every 2 secs Will having to many timers like this, getting checked every frame, screw up my games performance? The effect I wanted to add was a crosshair every 2 sec, then remove it after 2 sec and do a timed animation. So an array of crosshairs dependent on a bunch of timers to be exact. This caused my game to shut down when used, so thats why Im wondering if using that many timers causes my game to flip out.

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  • Dealing with 2D pixel shaders and SpriteBatches in XNA 4.0 component-object game engine?

    - by DaveStance
    I've got a bit of experience with shaders in general, having implemented a couple, very simple, 3D fragment and vertex shaders in OpenGL/WebGL in the past. Currently, I'm working on a 2D game engine in XNA 4.0 and I'm struggling with the process of integrating per-object and full-scene shaders in my current architecture. I'm using a component-entity design, wherein my "Entities" are merely collections of components that are acted upon by discreet system managers (SpatialProvider, SceneProvider, etc). In the context of this question, my draw call looks something like this: SceneProvider::Draw(GameTime) calls... ComponentManager::Draw(GameTime, SpriteBatch) which calls (on each drawable component) DrawnComponent::Draw(GameTime, SpriteBatch) The SpriteBatch is set up, with the default SpriteBatch shader, in the SceneProvider class just before it tells the ComponentManager to start rendering the scene. From my understanding, if a component needs to use a special shader to draw itself, it must do the following when it's Draw(GameTime, SpriteBatch) method is invoked: public void Draw(GameTime gameTime, SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { spriteBatch.End(); spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Immediate, BlendState.AlphaBlend, null, null, null, EffectShader, ViewMatrix); // Draw things here that are shaded by the "EffectShader." spriteBatch.End(); spriteBatch.Begin(/* same settings that were set by SceneProvider to ensure the rest of the scene is rendered normally */); } My question is, having been told that numerous calls to SpriteBatch.Begin() and SpriteBatch.End() within a single frame was terrible for performance, is there a better way to do this? Is there a way to instruct the currently running SpriteBatch to simply change the Effect shader it is using for this particular draw call and then switch it back before the function ends?

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  • Physics in carrom like game using cocos2d + Box2D

    - by Raj
    I am working on carrom like game using cocos2d + Box2D. I set world gravity(0,0), want gravity in z-axis. I set following values for coin and striker body: Coin body (circle with radius - 15/PTM_RATIO): density = 20.0f; friction = 0.4f; restitution = 0.6f; Striker body (circle with radius - 15/PTM_RATIO): density = 25.0f; friction = 0.6f; restitution = 0.3f; Output is not smooth. When I apply ApplyLinearImpulse(force,position) the coin movement looks like floating in the air - takes too much time to stop. What values for coin and striker make it look like real carrom?

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  • Unity 3d (Using Blender) - anime/manga/cel-shaded style characters

    - by David Archer
    Making a game using Blender for 3D models and Unity for the game engine. Just wondering if anyone knows any links to pages that give a tutorial on Japanese anime style 3D modelling, texturing and shading through blender. I'm actually looking to create a cel-shaded look eventually (read: Okami/Jet Set Radio style) and I'm kind of stuck with the design stuff. I'm not a Blender expert by any means, and still kind of new to the design side of things (I'm a programmer by trade), so please don't vote me down too hard. I've tried googling, but there doesn't seem to be much in the way of what I'm after. The only thing I've found really is a plugin for blender called freestyle, or using the ToonShader shading tool. If there are any good tutorials or anything, I'm really happy to sit through them - just want to learn :) Thanks for any help :)

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  • Shadow mapping: what is the light looking at?

    - by PgrAm
    I'm all set to set up shadow mapping in my 3d engine but there is one thing I am struggling to understand. The scene needs to be rendered from the light's point of view so I simply first move my camera to the light's position but then I need to find out which direction the light is looking. Since its a point light its not shining in any particular direction. How do I figure out what the orientation for the light point of view is?

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  • AndEngine doesn't fill correctly an image on my device

    - by Guille
    I'm learning about AndEngine a little bit, I'm trying to follow a tutorial but I don't get to fill the background image correctly, so, it's just appear in one side of my screen. My device is a Galaxy Nexus (1270x768 I think...). The image is 800x480. The code is: public EngineOptions onCreateEngineOptions() { camera = new Camera(0, 0, 800, 480); EngineOptions engineOptions = new EngineOptions(true, ScreenOrientation.LANDSCAPE_FIXED, new FillResolutionPolicy(), this.camera); engineOptions.getAudioOptions().setNeedsMusic(true).setNeedsSound(true); engineOptions.getRenderOptions().setMultiSampling(true);//.getConfigChooserOptions().setRequestedMultiSampling(true); engineOptions.setWakeLockOptions(WakeLockOptions.SCREEN_ON); return engineOptions; } I have been trying with several values in the camera, but it doesn't fill in all the screen, why?

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  • Why is GL_TEXTURE_MAX_ANISOTROPY_EXT undefined?

    - by Haydn
    So I'm writing my texture class in my opengl game, I get to the part where I would normally set GL_TEXTURE_MAX_ANISOTROPY_EXT, and I'm shocked to discover that it's undefined! This exact same extensions worked perfectly in a different application, so I know it's not a typo or something. It's worth noting that I'm getting my extensions using glcorearb.h, instead of glext.h, because I have no intention of supporting the compatibility profile. Could this be my problem, and if so, how do I work around it?

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  • Generating geometry when using VBO

    - by onedayitwillmake
    Currently I am working on a project in which I generate geometry based on the players movement. A glorified very long trail, composed of quads. I am doing this by storing a STD::Vector, and removing the oldest verticies once enough exist, and then calling glDrawArrays. I am interested in switching to a shader based model, usually examples I see the VBO is generated at start and then that's basically it. What is the best route to go about creating geometry in real time, using shader / VBO approach

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  • Rotating an object about a point (2D) using box2d

    - by noob
    i just started developing using box2d on flixel and i realise the pivot point of the rotation of an object in box2d is set to the center of an object. i had read on forums and i found out that SetAsBox can change the pivot point of the object, however, i cannot seem to get it work to rotate about a point. what i would like to achieve is to rotate an object about a point like earth revolving around the sun. any one can help me with it? really thanks a lot and sorry for the bad english

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  • SpriteFont Exception, no such character?

    - by Michal Bozydar Pawlowski
    I have such spriteFont: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!-- This file contains an xml description of a font, and will be read by the XNA Framework Content Pipeline. Follow the comments to customize the appearance of the font in your game, and to change the characters which are available to draw with. --> <XnaContent xmlns:Graphics="Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.Graphics"> <Asset Type="Graphics:FontDescription"> <!-- Modify this string to change the font that will be imported. --> <FontName>Segoe UI</FontName> <!-- Size is a float value, measured in points. Modify this value to change the size of the font. --> <Size>20</Size> <!-- Spacing is a float value, measured in pixels. Modify this value to change the amount of spacing in between characters. --> <Spacing>0</Spacing> <!-- UseKerning controls the layout of the font. If this value is true, kerning information will be used when placing characters. --> <UseKerning>true</UseKerning> <!-- Style controls the style of the font. Valid entries are "Regular", "Bold", "Italic", and "Bold, Italic", and are case sensitive. --> <Style>Regular</Style> <!-- If you uncomment this line, the default character will be substituted if you draw or measure text that contains characters which were not included in the font. --> <!-- <DefaultCharacter>*</DefaultCharacter> --> <!-- CharacterRegions control what letters are available in the font. Every character from Start to End will be built and made available for drawing. The default range is from 32, (ASCII space), to 126, ('~'), covering the basic Latin character set. The characters are ordered according to the Unicode standard. See the documentation for more information. --> <CharacterRegions> <CharacterRegion> <Start>&#09;</Start> <End>&#09;</End> </CharacterRegion> <CharacterRegion> <Start>&#32;</Start> <End>&#1200;</End> </CharacterRegion> </CharacterRegions> </Asset> </XnaContent> It has the character regions (32-1200) And I get this exception: A first chance exception of type 'System.ArgumentException' occurred in Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics.ni.dll The character '?' (0x0441) is not available in this SpriteFont. If applicable, adjust the font's start and end CharacterRegions to include this character. Parameter name: character Why? I'm drawing the string like this: spriteBatch.DrawString(font24, zasadyText, zasadyTextPos, kolorCzcionki1, -0.05f, Vector2.Zero, 1.0f, SpriteEffects.None, 0.5f) I even changed the spriteFont to cyrillic: <CharacterRegions> <CharacterRegion> <Start>&#09;</Start> <End>&#09;</End> </CharacterRegion> <CharacterRegion> <Start>&#0032;</Start> <End>&#0383;</End> </CharacterRegion> <CharacterRegion> <Start>&#1040;</Start> <End>&#1111;</End> </CharacterRegion> </CharacterRegions> </Asset> </XnaContent> and it still doesn't work. I got the (0x441 = char) exception -- EDIT -- Ok, I got the solution. It was a letter mistake in language. I had this: if (jezyk == "ru_RU") { font14 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("ru_font14"); font24 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("ru_font24"); font12 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("ru_czcionkaFloty"); font10 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("ru_font10"); font28 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("ru_font28"); font20 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("ru_font20"); } else { font14 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("font14"); font24 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("font24"); font12 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("czcionkaFloty"); font10 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("font10"); font28 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("font28"); font20 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("font20"); } and there should be not "ru_RU" but "ru-RU" I have no idea. I changed the spriteFont to cyrillic: <CharacterRegions> <CharacterRegion> <Start>&#09;</Start> <End>&#09;</End> </CharacterRegion> <CharacterRegion> <Start>&#0032;</Start> <End>&#0383;</End> </CharacterRegion> <CharacterRegion> <Start>&#1040;</Start> <End>&#1111;</End> </CharacterRegion> </CharacterRegions> </Asset> </XnaContent> and it still doesn't work. I got the (0x441 = char) exception

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  • how can I specify interleaved vertex attributes and vertex indices

    - by freefallr
    I'm writing a generic ShaderProgram class that compiles a set of Shader objects, passes args to the shader (like vertex position, vertex normal, tex coords etc), then links the shader components into a shader program, for use with glDrawArrays. My vertex data already exists in a VertexBufferObject that uses the following data structure to create a vertex buffer: class CustomVertex { public: float m_Position[3]; // x, y, z // offset 0, size = 3*sizeof(float) float m_TexCoords[2]; // u, v // offset 3*sizeof(float), size = 2*sizeof(float) float m_Normal[3]; // nx, ny, nz; float colour[4]; // r, g, b, a float padding[20]; // padded for performance }; I've already written a working VertexBufferObject class that creates a vertex buffer object from an array of CustomVertex objects. This array is said to be interleaved. It renders successfully with the following code: void VertexBufferObject::Draw() { if( ! m_bInitialized ) return; glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_nVboId ); glBindBuffer( GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_nVboIdIndex ); glEnableClientState( GL_VERTEX_ARRAY ); glEnableClientState( GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY ); glEnableClientState( GL_NORMAL_ARRAY ); glEnableClientState( GL_COLOR_ARRAY ); glVertexPointer( 3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(CustomVertex), ((char*)NULL + 0) ); glTexCoordPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(CustomVertex), ((char*)NULL + 12)); glNormalPointer(GL_FLOAT, sizeof(CustomVertex), ((char*)NULL + 20)); glColorPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(CustomVertex), ((char*)NULL + 32)); glDrawElements( GL_TRIANGLES, m_nNumIndices, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, ((char*)NULL + 0) ); glDisableClientState( GL_VERTEX_ARRAY ); glDisableClientState( GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY ); glDisableClientState( GL_NORMAL_ARRAY ); glDisableClientState( GL_COLOR_ARRAY ); glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0 ); glBindBuffer( GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0 ); } Back to the Vertex Array Object though. My code for creating the Vertex Array object is as follows. This is performed before the ShaderProgram runtime linking stage, and no glErrors are reported after its steps. // Specify the shader arg locations (e.g. their order in the shader code) for( int n = 0; n < vShaderArgs.size(); n ++) glBindAttribLocation( m_nProgramId, n, vShaderArgs[n].sFieldName.c_str() ); // Create and bind to a vertex array object, which stores the relationship between // the buffer and the input attributes glGenVertexArrays( 1, &m_nVaoHandle ); glBindVertexArray( m_nVaoHandle ); // Enable the vertex attribute array (we're using interleaved array, since its faster) glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vShaderArgs[0].nVboId ); glBindBuffer( GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, vShaderArgs[0].nVboIndexId ); // vertex data for( int n = 0; n < vShaderArgs.size(); n ++ ) { glEnableVertexAttribArray(n); glVertexAttribPointer( n, vShaderArgs[n].nFieldSize, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, vShaderArgs[n].nStride, (GLubyte *) NULL + vShaderArgs[n].nFieldOffset ); AppLog::Ref().OutputGlErrors(); } This doesn't render correctly at all. I get a pattern of white specks onscreen, in the shape of the terrain rectangle, but there are no regular lines etc. Here's the code I use for rendering: void ShaderProgram::Draw() { using namespace AntiMatter; if( ! m_nShaderProgramId || ! m_nVaoHandle ) { AppLog::Ref().LogMsg("ShaderProgram::Draw() Couldn't draw object, as initialization of ShaderProgram is incomplete"); return; } glUseProgram( m_nShaderProgramId ); glBindVertexArray( m_nVaoHandle ); glDrawArrays( GL_TRIANGLES, 0, m_nNumTris ); glBindVertexArray(0); glUseProgram(0); } Can anyone see errors or omissions in either the VAO creation code or rendering code? thanks!

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  • XNA - Finding boundaries in isometric tilemap

    - by Yheeky
    I have an issue with my 2D isometric engine. I'm using my own 2D camera class which works with matrices and need to find the tilemaps boundaries so the user always sees the map. Currently my map size is 100x100 (with 128x128 tiles) so the calculation (e.g. for the right boundary) is: var maxX = (TileMap.MapWidth + 1) * (TileMap.TileWidth / 2) - ViewSize.X; var maxX = (100 + 1) * (128 / 2) - 1360; // = 5104 pixels. This works fine while having scale factor of 1.0f but not for any other zoom factor. When I zoom out to 0.9f the right border should be at approx. 4954. I´m using the following code for transformation but I always get a wrong value: var maxXVector = new Vector2(maxX, 0); var maxXTransformed = Vector2.Transform(maxXVector, tempTransform).X; The result is 4593. Does anyone of you have an idea what I´m during wrong? Thanks for your help! Yheeky

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  • Game Clock Precision

    - by Philip
    I'm reading a fantastic article about game timer precision and here is a quote about 2/3 of the way into the article: If you start your game clock at about 4 billion (more precisely 2^32, or any large power of two) then your exponent, and hence your precision, will remain constant for the next ~4 billion seconds, or ~136 years. He doesn't give a concrete example of this though. Does this mean I would want to add 2^32 to the game clock value that I store at the beginning of each frame? Or is there a way to actually set the clock in Windows so that the numbers start at 2^32?

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  • XNA windows phone release black textures

    - by Lukasz Kajstura
    i just made a 3d game in XNA for windows phone 7. I build it in release mode on visual studio 2010 and suddenly when I run game there is no textures on models - 2 models are black and one is transparent. Models are in .X format exported from 3dsmax and have textures in .jpg also added to game content. I set build action to none and all worked fine in debug mode. When I change to release mode - black textures. When I set build action to compile it gives me warning: Asset was built 2 times with different settings: using TextureImporter and TextureProcessor using TextureImporter and TextureProcessor, referenced by... and still no textures. What can I do?

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  • Partial recalculation of visibility on a 2D uniform grid

    - by Martin Källman
    Problem Imagine that we have a 2D uniform grid of dimensions N x N. For this grid we have also pre-computed a visibility look-up table, e.g. with DDA, which answers the boolean query is cell X visible from cell Y? The look-up table is a complete graph KN of the cells V in the grid, with each edge E being a binary value denoting the visibility between its vertices. Question If any given cell has its visibility modified, is it possible to extract the subset Edelta of edges which must have their visibility recomputed due to the change, so as to avoid a full-on recomputation for the entire grid? (Which is N(N-1) / 2 or N2 depending on the implementation) Update If is not possible to solve thi in closed form, then maintaining a separate mapping of each cell and every cell pair who's line intersects said cell might also be an option. This obviously consumes more memory, but the data is static. The increased memory requirement could be reduced by introducing a hierarchy, subdividing the grid into smaller parts, and by doing so the above mapping can be reused for each sub-grid. This would come at a cost in terms of increased computation relative to the number of subdivisions; also requiring a resumable ray-casting algorithm.

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  • Modify game using external file

    - by Veehmot
    In Flash, for example, I can place an xml file along with the binary, then if I modify some variable the game will change for everyone. How to achieve something like that in Android? I know that for every change I make to the game, the player would need to download a new update. But the main goal I'm looking for, is modifying a game stats without the need for recompile the entire APK. I'm working with Haxe+OpenFL.

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  • Maya .IFF plugins for Gimp

    - by Kara Marfia
    Maya's preferred format for saving off a UV Snapshot is its own .IFF format, so I was hoping to find a plugin allowing Gimp 2 (Windows) to read it. I've found plenty of plugins for different linux distros, but none are win-friendly (that I can discern - admittedly I'm no whiz with Gimp). Does anyone know of one? Alternately, .tiff seems to work just fine, so if there's no good reason to bother fiddling with IFFs, I'd appreciate the input there, too. (sorry if this isn't on-topic)

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  • Lighting get darker when texture is aplied

    - by noah
    Im using OpenGL ES 1.1 for iPhone. I'm attempting to implement a skybox in my 3d world and started out by following one of Jeff Lamarches tutorials on creating textures. Heres the tutorial: iphonedevelopment.blogspot.com/2009/05/opengl-es-from-ground-up-part-6_25.html Ive successfully added the image to my 3d world but am not sure why the lighting on the other shapes has changed so much. I want the shapes to be the original color and have the image in the background. Before: https://www.dropbox.com/s/ojmb8793vj514h0/Screen%20Shot%202012-10-01%20at%205.34.44%20PM.png After: https://www.dropbox.com/s/8v6yvur8amgudia/Screen%20Shot%202012-10-01%20at%205.35.31%20PM.png Heres the init OpenGL: - (void)initOpenGLES1 { glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); // Enable lighting glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); // Turn the first light on glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); const GLfloat lightAmbient[] = {0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 1.0}; const GLfloat lightDiffuse[] = {0.8, 0.8, 0.8, 1.0}; const GLfloat matAmbient[] = {0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.5}; const GLfloat matDiffuse[] = {1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0}; const GLfloat matSpecular[] = {1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0}; const GLfloat lightPosition[] = {0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0}; const GLfloat lightShininess = 100.0; //Configure OpenGL lighting glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_AMBIENT, matAmbient); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_DIFFUSE, matDiffuse); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_SPECULAR, matSpecular); glMaterialf(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_SHININESS, lightShininess); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT, lightAmbient); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, lightDiffuse); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, lightPosition); // Define a cutoff angle glLightf(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPOT_CUTOFF, 40.0); // Set the clear color glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1.0f); // Projection Matrix config glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); CGSize layerSize = self.view.layer.frame.size; // Swapped height and width for landscape mode gluPerspective(45.0f, (GLfloat)layerSize.height / (GLfloat)layerSize.width, 0.1f, 750.0f); [self initSkyBox]; // Modelview Matrix config glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); // This next line is not really needed as it is the default for OpenGL ES glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_MODULATE); glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); glDisable(GL_BLEND); // Enable depth testing glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glDepthFunc(GL_LESS); glDepthMask(GL_TRUE); } Heres the drawSkybox that gets called in the drawFrame method: -(void)drawSkyBox { glDisable(GL_LIGHTING); glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glEnableClientState(GL_NORMAL_ARRAY); glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); static const SSVertex3D vertices[] = { {-1.0, 1.0, -0.0}, { 1.0, 1.0, -0.0}, {-1.0, -1.0, -0.0}, { 1.0, -1.0, -0.0} }; static const SSVertex3D normals[] = { {0.0, 0.0, 1.0}, {0.0, 0.0, 1.0}, {0.0, 0.0, 1.0}, {0.0, 0.0, 1.0} }; static const GLfloat texCoords[] = { 0.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5, 0.0 }; glLoadIdentity(); glTranslatef(0.0, 0.0, -3.0); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]); glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, vertices); glNormalPointer(GL_FLOAT, 0, normals); glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, texCoords); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4); glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glDisableClientState(GL_NORMAL_ARRAY); glDisableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); } Heres the init Skybox: -(void)initSkyBox { // Turn necessary features on glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glEnable(GL_BLEND); glBlendFunc(GL_ONE, GL_SRC_COLOR); // Bind the number of textures we need, in this case one. glGenTextures(1, &texture[0]); // create a texture obj, give unique ID glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]); // load our new texture name into the current texture glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_LINEAR); NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"space" ofType:@"jpg"]; NSData *texData = [[NSData alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:path]; UIImage *image = [[UIImage alloc] initWithData:texData]; GLuint width = CGImageGetWidth(image.CGImage); GLuint height = CGImageGetHeight(image.CGImage); CGColorSpaceRef colorSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB(); void *imageData = malloc( height * width * 4 ); // times 4 because will write one byte for rgb and alpha CGContextRef cgContext = CGBitmapContextCreate( imageData, width, height, 8, 4 * width, colorSpace, kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedLast | kCGBitmapByteOrder32Big ); // Flip the Y-axis CGContextTranslateCTM (cgContext, 0, height); CGContextScaleCTM (cgContext, 1.0, -1.0); CGColorSpaceRelease( colorSpace ); CGContextClearRect( cgContext, CGRectMake( 0, 0, width, height ) ); CGContextDrawImage( cgContext, CGRectMake( 0, 0, width, height ), image.CGImage ); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, width, height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, imageData); CGContextRelease(cgContext); free(imageData); [image release]; [texData release]; } Any help is greatly appreciated.

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