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• a couple of questions about proxy server,vpn & how they works

  - by Q8Y

  I have a couple of questions that are related to security. Correct me if i'm wrong :) If I want to request something (ex: visiting www.google.com): my computer will request that then it will to the ISP then to my ISP proxy server that will take the request and act as a middle man in this situation ask for the site (www.google.com) and retrieve it then the proxy will send it back to me. I know that its being done like that. So, my question is that, in this situation my ISP knows everything and what I did request, and the proxy server is set by default (when I ask for an internet subscription). So, if I use here another proxy (lets assume that is a highly anonymous and my ISP can't detect my IP address from it), would I visit my ISP and then from my ISP it will redirect me to the new proxy server that I provide? Will it know that there is someone using another proxy? Or will it go to another network rather than my ISP? Because I didn't get the view clearly. This question is related to the first one. When I use a VPN, I know that VPN provides for me a tunneling, encryption and much more features that a proxy can't. So my data is travelling securely and my ISP can't know what I'm doing. But my questions are: From where is the tunneling started? Does it start after I visit the ISP network (since they are the one that are responsible for forwarding my data and requests)? If so, then not all my connection is tunneled in this way, there is a part that is not being tunneled. Since, every time I need to do anything I have to go to my ISP and ask to do that. Correct me if I misunderstand this. I know that VPN can let my computer be virtually in another place and access its resources (ex: be like in my office while I'm in my home. This is done via VPN). If I use a VPN service provider so that I can access the internet securely and without being monitored by my ISP. In this case, where is my encrypted data saved? Is it saved in my ISP or in the VPN service provider? If I use a VPN, does anyone on the internet know what I'm doing or who I am? Even the VPN service provider? Can they know me? I think they should know the person that is asking for this VPN service, am I right?

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• Squid on windows loadbalancing only to one server

  - by Martin L.

  After thousands of googles and trying days i cant get the load balancer/failover in squid on windows to work. Iam using squid 2.7. My webservers are 2 single NIC lighttpd and one dual nic lighttpd. server1 in this example is running squid on port 80 and lighttpd on port 8080 (just to test) Requirements: All 3 webservers running lighttpd should be balanced two option for load balancing: Best would be if server1 is busy server2 takes over, if server2 is busy server3 takes over, etc.. Round robin style evenly distributed load. Eg server1 takes first call, server2 second etc.. All requests should be treated the same way (no url rewriting or so on) Sent host headers have to be redirected to every server as http host header, speaking of "server1", "server1.company.internal" and "10.211.1.1". My approach: acl all src all acl manager proto cache_object http_port 80 accel defaultsite=server1.company.internal vhost #reverse proxy entries cache_peer 10.211.2.1 parent 8080 0 no-query originserver round-robin login=PASS name=server1_nic1 cache_peer 10.211.1.2 parent 80 0 no-query originserver round-robin login=PASS name=server2_nic1 cache_peer 10.211.2.3 parent 8080 0 no-query originserver round-robin login=PASS name=server3_nic1 cache_peer 10.211.2.4 parent 8080 0 no-query originserver round-robin login=PASS name=server3_nic2 #decl of names of squid host acl registered_name_hostdomain dstdomain server1.company.internal acl registered_name_host dstdomain server1 #ip of squid host acl registered_name_ip dstdomain 10.211.2.1 # access: redirects the correct squid hostname http_access allow registered_name_hostdomain http_access allow registered_name_host http_access allow registered_name_ip http_access deny all cache_peer_access server1_nic1 allow registered_name_hostdomain cache_peer_access server1_nic1 allow registered_name_host cache_peer_access server1_nic1 allow registered_name_ip cache_peer_access server2_nic1 allow registered_name_hostdomain cache_peer_access server2_nic1 allow registered_name_host cache_peer_access server2_nic1 allow registered_name_ip cache_peer_access server3_nic1 allow registered_name_hostdomain cache_peer_access server3_nic1 allow registered_name_host cache_peer_access server3_nic1 allow registered_name_ip cache_peer_access server3_nic2 allow registered_name_hostdomain cache_peer_access server3_nic2 allow registered_name_host cache_peer_access server3_nic2 allow registered_name_ip cache_peer_access server1_nic1 deny all cache_peer_access server2_nic1 deny all cache_peer_access server3_nic1 deny all cache_peer_access server3_nic2 deny all never_direct allow all Problems: Load balancer does not load balance other than to first server. Only if the first server is killed in any way the second will take over. I have seen the others working at some point, but definitely not as the intended load balancing described above. If the cache_peer_access is not defined sometimes the wrong hostname is sent to the backend webserver and this always depends on the defaultsite= parameter. Probably because the host header on the request to squid is not set and its replaced by defaultsite. Leaving out defaultsite didnt solve the problem. The only workaround i found for this is the current approach with cache_peer_access. Questions: Does the cache_peer_access influence the round-robin? Is there a better workaround to pass the host header to the backed webservers? Which parameters do increase the speed of load balancing or does anyone have a better approach? -Martin

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• Apache2 Virtual Host broken; displayed default index.html on subdomain, but correct content on www.subdomain

  - by Robert K

  I've got a Linode configured as a Ubuntu 10.04.2 web server with Apache 2.2.14. I have a total of 4 sites, all defined under /etc/apache2/sites-available as virtual hosts. All sites are almost identical clones for configuration. And all sites but my last work successfully. default: (www.)exampleadnetwork.com (www.)example.com reseller.example.com trouble: client1.example.com I keep getting this page when I visit the client1.example.com site: It works! This is the default web page for this server. The web server software is running but no content has been added, yet. In my ports.conf file I have the NameVirtualHost correctly set to my IP address on port 80. If I access the "www.sub.example.com" alias the site works! If I access it without the www I see the "It Works" excerpt posted above. Even apache2ctl -S shows that my vhost file parses correctly and is added to the mix. My vhost configuration file is as follows: <VirtualHost 127.0.0.1:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName client1.example.com ServerAlias client1.example.com www.client1.example.com DocumentRoot /srv/www/client1.example.com/public_html/ ErrorLog /srv/www/client1.example.com/logs/error.log CustomLog /srv/www/client1.example.com/logs/access.log combined <directory /srv/www/client1.example.com/public_html/> Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all </directory> </VirtualHost> The other sites are variations of: <VirtualHost 127.0.0.1:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName example.com ServerAlias example.com www.example.com DocumentRoot /srv/www/example.com/public_html/ ErrorLog /srv/www/example.com/logs/error.log CustomLog /srv/www/example.com/logs/access.log combined </VirtualHost> The only site the differs is the other subdomain: <VirtualHost 127.0.0.1:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName reseller.example.com ServerAlias reseller.example.com DocumentRoot /srv/www/reseller.example.com/public_html/ ErrorLog /srv/www/reseller.example.com/logs/error.log CustomLog /srv/www/reseller.example.com/logs/access.log combined </VirtualHost> Filenames are the FQDN without the www. prefix. I've followed this advice, but still cannot access subdomain properly.

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• How Can We Create Blackbox Logs for Nginx?

  - by Alan Gutierrez

  There's an article out there, Profiling LAMP Applications with Apache's Blackbox Logs, that describes how to create a log that records a lot of detailed information missing in the common and combined log formats. This information is supposed to help you resolve performance issues. As the author notes "While the common log-file format (and the combined format) are great for hit tracking, they aren't suitable for getting hardcore performance data." The article describes a "blackbox" log format, like a blackbox flight recorder on an aircraft, that gathers information used to profile server performance, missing from the hit tracking log formats: Keep alive status, remote port, child processes, bytes sent, etc. LogFormat "%a/%S %X %t \"%r\" %s/%>s %{pid}P/%{tid}P %T/%D %I/%O/%B" blackbox I'm trying to recreate as much of the format for Nginx, and would like help filling in the blanks. Here's what Nginx blackbox format would look like, the unmapped Apache directives have question marks after their names. access_log blackbox '$remote_addr/$remote_port X? [$time_local] "$request"' 's?/$status $pid/0 T?/D? I?/$bytes_sent/$body_bytes_sent' Here's a table of the variables I've been able to map from the Nginx documentation. %a = $remote_addr - The IP address of the remote client. %S = $remote_port - The port of the remote client. %X = ? - Keep alive status. %t = $time_local - The start time of the request. %r = $request - The first line of request containing method verb, path and protocol. %s = ? - Status before any redirections. %>s = $status - Status after any redirections. %{pid}P = $pid - The process id. %{tid}P = N/A - The thread id, which is non-applicable to Nignx. %T = ? - The time in seconds to handle the request. %D = $request_time - The time in milliseconds to handle the request. %I = ? - The count of bytes received including headers. %O = $bytes_sent - The count of bytes sent including headers. %B = $body_bytes_sent - The count of bytes sent excluding headers, but with a 0 for none instead of '-'. Looking for help filling in the missing variables, or confirmation that the missing variables are in fact, unavailable in Nginx.

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• MySQL won't start, reinstall fails on Ubuntu 12.04

  - by Evils

  My problem started yesterday night when I tried to change the my.cnf config on my ubuntu 12.04 x64 System. I simply tried to changed the bind-address parameter from 127.0.0.1 to 0.0.0.0. A simple restart after a reboot gave this error: stop: Unknown instance: start: Job failed to start I tried to start mysql then by using 'mysqld' which outputs this: 130701 11:05:59 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. mysqld: Table 'mysql.plugin' doesn't exist 130701 11:05:59 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it. 130701 11:05:59 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 130701 11:05:59 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 130701 11:05:59 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3.4 130701 11:05:59 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 130701 11:05:59 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 130701 11:05:59 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda. 130701 11:05:59 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start 130701 11:06:00 InnoDB: 5.5.31 started; log sequence number 1595675 130701 11:06:00 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '127.0.0.1'; port: 3306 130701 11:06:00 [Note] - '127.0.0.1' resolves to '127.0.0.1'; 130701 11:06:00 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '127.0.0.1'. 130701 11:06:00 [ERROR] Can't start server : Bind on unix socket: Permission denied 130701 11:06:00 [ERROR] Do you already have another mysqld server running on socket: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock ? 130701 11:06:00 [ERROR] Aborting 130701 11:06:00 InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 130701 11:06:00 InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1595675 130701 11:06:00 [Note] mysqld: Shutdown complete Meanwhile I already tried to reinstall and purge the complete mysql package which results in another error which says that dpkg cant change the admins password. While this error appeared another error came with it. When trying to install something new with apt, it always says 'fopen: permission denied' right after it tries to update my man-db. This is my dmesg output: [ 6879.687998] type=1400 audit(1372669683.397:36): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/usr/sbin/mysqld" pid=9336 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 6881.323215] init: mysql main process (9340) terminated with status 1 [ 6881.323316] init: mysql respawning too fast, stopped Any help will be appreciated as this is a productive server which renders useless without mysql.

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• Can only bring up one of two interfaces

  - by mstaessen

  I'm having a bizarre issue with my HP Proliant DL 360 G4p server. It has two gigabit ethernet interfaces but I can bring up only one of them. This is starting to freak me out and that's why I turned here. I'm running the x64 ubuntu 11.10 server edition. lshw -c network shows that the second interface is disabled. I have no idea why ans how to enable it. $ sudo lshw -c network *-network:0 description: Ethernet interface product: NetXtreme BCM5704 Gigabit Ethernet vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 2 bus info: pci@0000:02:02.0 logical name: eth0 version: 10 serial: 00:18:71:e3:6d:26 size: 100Mbit/s capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: pcix pm vpd msi bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=tg3 driverversion=3.119 duplex=full firmware=5704-v3.27b, ASFIPMIc v2.36 ip=10.48.8.x latency=64 link=yes mingnt=64 multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=100Mbit/s resources: irq:25 memory:fdf70000-fdf7ffff *-network:1 DISABLED description: Ethernet interface product: NetXtreme BCM5704 Gigabit Ethernet vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 2.1 bus info: pci@0000:02:02.1 logical name: eth1 version: 10 serial: 00:18:71:e3:6d:25 capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: pcix pm vpd msi bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=tg3 driverversion=3.119 firmware=5704-v3.27b latency=64 link=no mingnt=64 multicast=yes port=twisted pair resources: irq:26 memory:fdf60000-fdf6ffff If I try to ifup eth1, then I get $ sudo ifup eth1 Ignoring unknown interface eth1=eth1. I figured that's what happens when there is no eth1 listed in /etc/network/interfaces. But when I add the configuration for eth1, I still can't ifup. $ sudo ifup eth1 RTNETLINK answers: File exists Failed to bring up eth1. I've also tried ifconfig eth1 up but without any result. For clarity, I have added a masked version of /etc/network/interfaces. I don't think it is the cause of the problem though. $ cat /etc/network/interfaces # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 10.48.8.x netmask 255.255.255.y network 10.48.8.z broadcast 10.48.8.t gateway 10.48.8.u auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 193.190.253.x netmask 255.255.255.y network 193.190.253.z broadcast 193.190.253.t gateway 193.190.253.u I really need some help fixing this. It's driving me crazy. Thanks.

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• Network switching issues with MacOS 10.7?

  - by Denis

  I'm having a wired problem and hope somebody can tip me, what way should I dig to. I'm using MacBookPro with Lion 10.7.3 both at my working place & at home. At working place, we have a domain-based network with 802.1x authorization (more than 400 computers) and to connect it I'm using Ethernet cable. IP range is 10.10.2.*. All network settings are setup automatically by DHCP. Also, in settings, I have Network Account Server setup in the User&Groups Settings for my work Domain server - and it is available only from corporate network. At home, I have an ADSL router, that shares Internet connection by WiFi in NAT mode. I'm using WiFi to connect it. Router gives out addresses from 192.168.1.* range and all settings are also set up by router's DHCP. So, my problem is the following. When I come back home from the office, I open my MacBook and AirPort automatically connects my WiFi network. After this, for about 1 minute I'm able to browse sites & ping hosts successfully. But after this minute, network connection is broken down. All pings return time-out. trace route to google.com stops on 192.168.1.1 (which is my router). This lasts for 3-4 minutes. After that network connection is automatically repaired and all pings go smoothly again. At the same time, when my MacBook return timeouts, I can successfully ping any host from my wife's MacBook - so this doesn't look like router issue. When I come to the office, I don't have any issues and Internet connection is available & stable moments after ethernet cable plugged in. Do anybody has any clues about this? What should I monitor & what settings look for resolving this issue? Please, ask, what additional information should I provide. Hoping for good advice & thanks in advance!

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• Routing with VPN and asymmetric communication

  - by Louis

  I'm stumbling on a problem that requires your advice. Keywords : networking, route, openVPN Problem : I have a local network with several physical servers and VMs. These machines have ip's in the range 10.10.x.x. I can access these machines from the Internet with the help of openVPN. These machines can : access each other within the local 10.10.x.x subnet access the Internet via the VPN can themselves be accessed (via SSH) from the Internet via the VPN. There is one machine however that behaves strangely and I don't know why. I can SSH into this machine from anywhere via SSH and I can also PING it from anywhere (including the Internet). However from this machine (i.e. when logged into it) I cannot access the Internet or ping machines outside the local network. In other words it will not go beyond the VPN. My question is why? Here are some technical details: The machine's Network Config (running Debian 6.0.3): allow-hotplug eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 10.10.10.200 netmask 255.255.0.0 network 10.10.10.0 broadcast 10.10.10.255 gateway 10.10.10.200 The machine's Routing : Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 127.0.0.1 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 lo 10.10.0.0 10.10.10.250 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 10.10.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 10.10.10.250 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 10.10.10.200 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 The VPN's Network Config (running Debian 6.0.3): # This is the local network interface auto eth1 allow-hotplug eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 10.10.10.250 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 10.10.10.255 gateway 10.10.10.250 The VPN's routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 10.10.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 tun0 private 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 10.10.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 0.0.0.0 10.10.10.250 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1 0.0.0.0 private 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 on both machines. there are no iptables set anywhere. Thanks in advance for any feedback.

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• Reliable access to Internet but not local network (not DNS or proxy issues)

  - by Ian Goldby

  I'm looking for help with a Vista Home Premium laptop that has trouble accessing any resource on our home network, but accesses the Internet just fine. The set-up is this: The Vista laptop and a MacBook Pro connect wirelessly to the router-modem. A Synology DS212j NAS drive has a wired connection to the router-modem. Devices on the local network are always referred to by IP address, so this cannot be a DNS issue. The MacBook Pro connects reliably to the NA via AFP (network shared folders), SMB (network shared folders) and HTTP. The Vista laptop connects to and browses sites on the Internet without any problems. It can log into the NAS via SMB and list the shared folders (so there is nothing wrong with the log-in credentials), but when it tries to open any of the folders Explorer just hangs with the spinning cursor for several minutes and then says "\192.168.1.64\shared\Photos is not accessible. You might not have permission to use this network resource. Contact the administrator of this server to find out if you have access permissions. The specified network name is no longer available." It can ping the NAS successfully. If I try to open the NAS drive's web interface, the browser just hangs. This is the same with IE, Firefox and Chrome. (There is no proxy.) I can log into the NAS drive with FTP and navigate directories, but when I try to list the contents of a directory with more than a handful of entries, the ftp client hangs. I set up a website on the MacBook. The Vista laptop was able to load some of the pages, but loading any of the images was very hit and miss. Images embedded in HTML pages never worked no matter how many times I reloaded the page, but when I linked directly to the image it did load (though several attempts were sometimes needed). I tried all of this with the Windows Firewall turned off, and with AVG turned off. That made no difference. I'd really appreciate any suggestions anyone can make. The fact that the Vista laptop has trouble with HTTP and FTP as well as SMB connections suggests to me that this is a problem at the TCP level or below. But don't forget it accesses sites outside the LAN with no problems.

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• How to make Windows 7 use the internet connection that I specify

  - by user138957

  I have a LAN adapter and a USB wireless internet connection. When both connected windows 7 always uses the USB. I tried changing the metric values but no luck. Let me explains the steps I took. Currently automatic metric on all adapters. LAN connected. ipconfig shows that it is connected to the correct ip/dns/gateway etc. IPv4 Route table shows Metric 24 Then connected USB. ipconfig shows USB connectivity then LAN in that order. Internet is now through USB. IPv4 Route table shows Metric 4249 for LAN and USB is 41. Gateway for USB shows "on-link". netstat -rn shows USBDEVICE on top. Changed LAN metric to 5 and now the route table shows LAN as 9 (not sure why it added 4) and USB as 41. netstat shows LAN then USB. ipconfig shows LAN then USB. But still connection is through USB. How do I know? Task manager shows utilization only through USB as well as speed is showing around 1mbps rather than LANs 10mbps. How can I get win7 use LAN while USB is connected. I am just trying to use USB as a backup just in case I lose LAN connection. Please help!! I thought i will make USB metric manually to say 10. But it says I have to reconnect for it to be effective. Currently USB still shows below LAN and still has 9 and 41 in the table. Disconnected USB. Table shows LAN metric as 24 (Not sure why it got changed from 9 and setting got reverted by to automatic) Reconnected USB. Now in the setting still shows 10 and the route table shows 11 for USB and LAN shows 4249 (settings shows 4245, 4 less)) For some reason restarting USB is resetting LAN setting when reconnected. Thanks

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• Why does pinging a local router return "Destination Host Unreachable"?

  - by Matt H

  I have two tomato routers. One is bridged wirelessly with the other. I have a new server on the network. It's running Ubuntu Server 11.04. They are all connected like this: A - Linux PC B - New Server C - Mac Mini D - Macbook T1 - Tomato 1 T2 - Tomato 2 They are connected like so: A -----+-T1 ==== wireless bridge ==== T2----- ADSL modem | | C & D Connected wirelessly to T2 B -----+ A, C & D do not experience any issues. I have an active SSH session to B from A and it's not experiencing any loss. B, the new server occasionally cannot ping T2 and therefore cannot connect to the internet. However, A can always contact B and B can ping A and B When the network is lost, B can still ping T1, but not T2 yet at the same as B has lost connection to T2, A can still ping T2. Any ideas on what this could be? there is nothing that gives any clues in any of the logs on either router or the linux server. One thing that is interesting is that I set up a ping running between B and T2. T2 has the IP address 192.68.1.1 Here is what I am seeing: From 192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=26 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=27 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=28 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=29 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=30 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=31 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=33 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=34 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=35 Destination Host Unreachable 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=36 ttl=63 time=3.40 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=37 ttl=63 time=5.70 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=38 ttl=63 time=2.25 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=39 ttl=63 time=2.18 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=40 ttl=63 time=3.12 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=41 ttl=63 time=2.15 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=42 ttl=63 time=1.97 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=43 ttl=63 time= And it cycles to being reachable and not. So I guess you could say the question is, why is the router responding that it cannot be reached?

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• Hyper-V Ubuntu Networking Problems Copying Large Amounts of Data

  - by Anonymous

  I am trying to copy a large amount (about 50 GB) of data over my network from a Hyper-V-hosted virtual machine running Ubuntu 11.04 (Natty Narwhal) to another (non-virtual) Ubuntu host that I plan to use for testing upgrades to one of our web applications. The problem I am having is with the virtual machine, which I shall refer to in what follows as "source.host". This machine is running 64-bit Ubuntu Server with the 2.6.38-8-server kernel and the Microsoft Linux Integration Components for Hyper-V kernel modules (hv_utils, hv_timesource, hv_netvsc, hv_blkvsc, hv_storvsc, and hv_vmbus) loaded. It uses a Hyper-V "synthetic network adapter" for its networking interface. To do the copy, I log on to the machine with the data and run the following commands (Call the remote machine "destination.host".): $ cd /path/to/data $ tar -cvf - datafolder/ | ssh [email protected] "cat > ~/data.tar" This runs for a while and then suddenly stops after transferring somewhere from 2-6 GB. The terminal on the source.host machine displays a Write failed: broken pipe error. The odd part is this: after this occurs, the "source.host" machine is no longer able to talk to the rest of the network. I cannot ping any other hosts on the network from the "source.host" machine, and I cannot ping the "source.host" machine from any other host on the network. I am equally unable to access the any of the web services hosted on "source.host". Running ifconfig on "source.host" shows the network adapter to be up and running as usual with the correct IP address and everything. I tried restarting the networking service with $ /etc/init.d/networking restart but the problem does not go away. Restarting the machine makes it capable of talking to the network again -- it can ping and be pinged by other hosts, and the web services are also accessible and usable as normal -- but attempting the copy operation again results in the same failure, requiring another restart. As an experiment, I tried replacing the tar -- ssh pipeline above with a straight scp: $ scp -r datafolder/ [email protected]:~ but to no avail Thinking that the issue might have to do with the kernel packet-send buffers filling up, I tried increasing the buffer size to 12 MB (up from the 128 KB default) with # echo 12582911 > /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max but this also had no effect. I'm guessing at this point that it might be a problem with the Microsoft synthetic network driver, but I don't really know. Does anyone have any suggestions? Thank you very much in advance!

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• What else can I do to secure my Linux server?

  - by eric01

  I want to put a web application on my Linux server: I will first explain to you what the web app will do and then I will tell you what I did so far to secure my brand new Linux system. The app will be a classified ads website (like gumtree.co.uk) where users can sell their items, upload images, send to and receive emails from the admin. It will use SSL for some pages. I will need SSH. So far, what I did to secure my stock Ubuntu (latest version) is the following: NOTE: I probably did some things that will prevent the application from doing all its tasks, so please let me know of that. My machine's sole purpose will be hosting the website. (I put numbers as bullet points so you can refer to them more easily) 1) Firewall I installed Uncomplicated Firewall. Deny IN & OUT by default Rules: Allow IN & OUT: HTTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP, SSH, UDP port 53 (DNS), UDP port 123 (SNTP), SSL, port 443 (the ones I didn't allow were FTP, NFS, Samba, VNC, CUPS) When I install MySQL & Apache, I will open up Port 3306 IN & OUT. 2) Secure the partition in /etc/fstab, I added the following line at the end: tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,rw 0 0 Then in console: mount -o remount /dev/shm 3) Secure the kernel In the file /etc/sysctl.conf, there are a few different filters to uncomment. I didn't know which one was relevant to web app hosting. Which one should I activate? They are the following: A) Turn on Source Address Verification in all interfaces to prevent spoofing attacks B) Uncomment the next line to enable packet forwarding for IPv4 C) Uncomment the next line to enable packet forwarding for IPv6 D) Do no accept ICMP redirects (we are not a router) E) Accept ICMP redirects only for gateways listed in our default gateway list F) Do not send ICMP redirects G) Do not accept IP source route packets (we are not a router) H) Log Martian Packets 4) Configure the passwd file Replace "sh" by "false" for all accounts except user account and root. I also did it for the account called sshd. I am not sure whether it will prevent SSH connection (which I want to use) or if it's something else. 5) Configure the shadow file In the console: passwd -l to lock all accounts except user account. 6) Install rkhunter and chkrootkit 7) Install Bum Disabled those services: "High performance mail server", "unreadable (kerneloops)","unreadable (speech-dispatcher)","Restores DNS" (should this one stay on?) 8) Install Apparmor_profiles 9) Install clamav & freshclam (antivirus and update) What did I do wrong and what should I do more to secure this Linux machine? Thanks a lot in advance

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• MS DPM 2007: Testing the Recovery for a Production Domain

  - by NewToDPM

  Hi everybody! MS DPM 2007 is a new technology in my company, and so am I to the product. We have a classic Microsoft domain with two DCs, Exchange 2007 and a couple Web/MS SQL servers. I have deployed DPM one month ago on the domain, and after fixing the various issues I got with the replicas inconsistence and adapting the schedule and retention range to the server storage pool size, I can say the backup system is working correctly (no errors) as of today. However, there is one problem: we did not attempt to restore from the backups yet, which is a big no-no of course. I'm not sure about the way I should handle this, my main concern being Exchange and the System State of the DCs. From my understanding, DPM can only protect AND restore data on a server which is part of the same domain as the backup server. If I restore the System State (containing Active Directory) and the Exchange Storage Groups on a testing server, I am afraid it would completely disturb the domain functioning (for example, having two primary DCs on the domain). I am thinking about building a second DPM server on a testing separate domain which would mirror the replicas and then restore it on testing servers from this new domain. Is it the right way to handle the data recovery testing? How did you do on your domain when you first deployed DPM? I'd be grateful for any link/documentation or advice. Thank you in advance for your help! EDIT: Two options seem possible so far: i. Create another DC/Exchange server in the alternate location; ii. Create a separate domain in the alternate location and setup a trust between this domain and the production one. The option i is certainly the best but implies setting up a secondary Exchange server, with a dedicated public IP address so that if Exchange #1 dies, we can still send emails with Exchange #2. I don't know how complex this can be and would need to discuss it with my colleagues. The option ii would only fit the testing purposes. My only question regarding this is: if my production and DPM servers are part of domain A, and there is a trust between domains A and B, can I restore a domain A content to any domain B server?

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• How did what appears to be a virus get on my computer? (explanation of situation enclosed)

  - by Massimo

  My system is Windows XP SP3, updated with the latest patches. The PC is connected to a Cisco 877 ADSL router, which does NAT from the internal network to its single static public IP address. There are no forwarded ports, and the router's management console can only be accessed from the inside. I was doing two things: working on a remote office machine via VPN and browsing some web pages on the Cisco web site. The remote network is absolutely safe (it's a lab network, four virtual servers, no publicly accessible services and no users at all; also, none of what I'm going to describe ever happened there). The Cisco web site... well, I suppose is quite safe, too. Suddenly, something happened. Strange popups appears anywhere; programs claiming they're "antimalware", "antispyware" et so on begins autoinstalling; fake Windows Update and Security Center icons pop up in the system tray. svchost.exe began crashing repeatedly. Then, finally, after some minutes of this... BSOD. And, upon rebooting, BSOD again. Even in safe mode. Ok, that was obviously some virus/trojan/whatever. I had to install a new copy of Windows on another partition to clean things up. I found strange executables, services and DLLs almost anywhere. Amongst the other things, user32.dll and ndis.sys had been replaced. A fake software called "Antimalware Doctor" had been installed. There were services with completely random names or even GUIDs (!), and also ones called "IpSect" and "Darkness". There were executable files without an .exe extension. There were even two boot-class drivers, which I'm quite sure are the ones that finally caused the system to crash. A true massacre. Ok, now the questions: What the hell was that?!? It was something more than a simple virus! How did it manage to attack my computer, as I am behind a firewall and was not doing anything even only potentially harmful on the web at the time?

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• What would cause my SendMail server not to acknowledge receiving a TCP Sequence?

  - by Mike B

  My TCP/IP Stack knowledge is a little rusty so please bear with me.... I have a CentOS 5.7 server with SendMail and am having seeing intermittent timeout issues sending email (particularly larger email) to other remote domains. It doesn't happen with all attachments or recipient domains. Just some. After some extended troubleshooting, I think I've narrowed it down to TCP Sequences not being acknowledged. Here's a breakdown of the TCP session from a packet capture I collected directly on my MTA (fooMTA): Packet 1 - 11: Standard TCP handshake followed by initial SMTP conversation. No errors. Packet #12 Recipient MTA: TCP sequence 231. Ack 91. Packet #13 FooMTA: TCP sequence 91. Ack 305. Packet #14 FooMTA: TCP sequence 1115. Ack 305. Packet #15 Recipient MTA: TCP sequence 305. Ack 2495. Packet #16 FooMTA: TCP sequence 2495. Ack 305. Packet #17 FooMTA: TCP sequence 5255. Ack 305. Packet #18: Recipient MTA: TCP sequence 305. Ack 5255. Packet #19: FooMTA: TCP sequence 6635. Ack 305. Packet #20: FooMTA: TCP sequence 8015. Ack 305. Packet #21: Recipient MTA: TCP Sequence 305. Ack 8015. Packet #22: FooMTA: TCP Sequence 10775. Ack 305. Packet #23: FooMTA: TCP Sequence 13535. Ack 305. Packet #24: Recipient MTA: TCP sequence 305. Ack 10775 Packet #25: FooMTA: TCP Sequence 14915. Ack 305 It keeps going like this with my server still thinking it hasn’t received sequence 305… in response the remote side eventually retransmits its prior data thinking that it never arrived. Eventually the gap gets so large that no new data is sent and the remote MTA keeps retransmitting old stuff. This contributes to an exponential backoff and eventually the remote side gives up. What’s strange to me is that I see the “missing” TCP sequence (305 in this case) arriving back to my server (via a packet capture collected directly from fooMTA) So I don’t get why my server keeps asking for it. Could this be firewall related? What would be the next step in troubleshooting?

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• How to setup Proxy Cache with Nginx and Passenger

  - by tiny

  I use Nginx and Passenger for my rails application. I want to use proxy cache to cache my pages. However, every request go direct to my rails application. I don't know what wrong with my configuration. Below is my configuration: user www-data; worker_processes 1; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { passenger_root /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-2.2.15; passenger_ruby /usr/bin/ruby1.8; passenger_max_pool_size 6; passenger_max_instances_per_app 1; passenger_pool_idle_time 0; rails_spawn_method conservative; include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; server_names_hash_bucket_size 512; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 65; tcp_nodelay on; gzip on; gzip_http_version 1.0; gzip_vary on; gzip_comp_level 6; gzip_proxied any; gzip_types text/plain text/css text/javascript application/javascript application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss; proxy_cache_path /var/www/cache/webapp levels=1:2 keys_zone=webapp:8m max_size=1000m inactive=600m; include vhosts/*.conf; include /opt/nginx/conf/sites-enabled/*; root /var/www; } server { listen 127.0.0.1:3008; server_name localhost; root /var/www/yoolk_web_app/public; # <--- be sure to point to 'public'! passenger_enabled on; rails_env development; passenger_use_global_queue on; } server { listen 80; server_name webpage.dev; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header Host $host; error_page 503 http://$host/maintenance.html; location ~* (css|js|png|jpe?g|gif|ico)$ { root /var/www/web_app/public; expires max; } location / { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3008/; proxy_cache webapp; proxy_cache_valid 200 10m; } #More Location }

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• Mac OSX 10.8 Server DNS Domain Routing

  - by Oldek

  I just cant seem to figure out the logic in how to configure my Mac Server. So I have set up an DNS, which will take the domain and all subdomains and point towards an IP. File: db.mydomain.com (in /var/named/) mydomain.com. 10800 IN SOA mydomain.com. admin.mydomain.com. ( 2012110903 ; serial 3600 ; refresh (1 hour) 900 ; retry (15 minutes) 1209600 ; expire (2 weeks) 86400 ; minimum (1 day) ) 10800 IN NS mydomain.com. 10800 IN A 10.0.1.2 www.mydomain.com. 10800 IN A 10.0.1.2 So I want all of these requests to be requested to the 10.0.1.2 server, as I run 2 servers in my cluster. This one has always handled the requests, and now I want to add a server in between. So the server in between will get all the signals from my router which NAT the trafic coming from outside. So after setting this up and trying to point my port 80 towards my new server which will be the middle point, it doesn't work. Is it even possible to do it this way? First server: Mac Second server: Linux So what I try to achieve once more: 1. User goes to mydomain.com or www.mydomain.com 2. User request gets handled by my first server 3. First server refers to a local server, which is only available locally (it is configured to allow requests on port 80 and handle them) 4. Second server receives signal 5. Second server returns a request (either directly send to user or send through first server, whichever is most secure and configurable) I also want to be able to set up domains that lead to other servers in the future, and some that are only available within the VPN. (If that changes anything) I hope some kind soul could help me with this, it is really cumbersome for my mind to get the logic here. Do I have to configure my other server in any way? /Marcus

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• Need help troubleshooting highly variable ping times

  - by Elliot.Bradshaw

  I'm at work using Citrix (think Remote Desktop) to connect to client sites. With my job I have to write a fair bit of code while I'm connected remotely via Citrix, so the latency of my internet connection is important. If I'm getting ping times above 250ms, then it becomes almost impossible to scroll, click or type with accuracy. Recently my Comcast business internet has been exhibiting highly variable ping times. If I ping google.com, I'll get pings that range from 9ms all the way up to 1300ms. The problem seems to be at its worst during the hours of 1PM to 4:30PM. Outside of those hours and the variance in pings settles down, mostly between 9ms and 50ms. The signal to noise ratio and upstream power are both fine on my modem--the values are here: http://pastebin.com/D4hWGPXf I ran a trace route from my computer to google.com (the results of which are here: http://pastebin.com/GcdjYvMh) and did another test ping to the IP of the first hop outside of our local network (73.98.44.1)--the variance in ping times existed in exactly the same manner as if I were pinging Google. Connecting directly to the cable modem by CAT5 makes no difference. Here is a screenshot demonstrating the variance of the ping times: http://postimage.org/image/haocdeauv/full/ -- as you can see it can get pretty bad. Three Comcast techs have been out (two of them were here when the problem wasn't happening) and they as well as the regional tier 2 Comcast support were unable to diagnose the problem. I now have a ticket open with tier 3 support, but have yet to hear back from them. Does anyone know what could cause these sorts of problems or have any idea from the traceroute above where it could be originating? The regional tier 2 guy tried to tell me that what I'm seeing is normal--are highly variable ping times like that ever acceptable? Anything I should ask Comcast to do or look at to get this problem fixed? Any tips/advice much appreciated! Edit: This is Comcast cable internet at a small start-up, we've ruled out congestion in our private LAN as a cause (i.e., no one's watching YouTube when the pings become variable). Update: Tier 3 Comcast support advised swapping out the modem, a tech came here today and did that--same problem persists.

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• ntpdate works, but ntpd can't synchronize

  - by dafydd

  This is in RHEL 5.5. First, ntpdate to the remote host works: $ ntpdate XXX.YYY.4.21 24 Oct 16:01:17 ntpdate[5276]: adjust time server XXX.YYY.4.21 offset 0.027291 sec Second, here are the server lines in my /etc/ntp.conf. All restrict lines have been commented out for troubleshooting. server 127.127.1.0 server XXX.YYY.4.21 I execute service ntpd start and check with ntpq: $ ntpq ntpq> peer remote refid st t when poll reach delay offset jitter ============================================================================== *LOCAL(0) .LOCL. 5 l 36 64 377 0.000 0.000 0.001 timeserver.doma .LOCL. 1 u 39 128 377 0.489 51.261 58.975 ntpq> opeer remote local st t when poll reach delay offset disp ============================================================================== *LOCAL(0) 127.0.0.1 5 l 40 64 377 0.000 0.000 0.001 timeserver.doma XXX.YYY.22.169 1 u 43 128 377 0.489 51.261 58.975 XXX.YYY.22.169 is the address of the host I'm working on. A reverse lookup on the IP address in my ntp.conf file validates that the ntpq output is correctly naming the remote server. However, as you can see, it appears to just roll over to my .LOCL. time server. Also, ntptrace just returns the local time server, and ntptrace XXX.YYY.4.21 times out. $ ntptrace localhost.localdomain: stratum 6, offset 0.000000, synch distance 0.948181 $ ntptrace XXX.YYY.4.21 XXX.YYY.4.21: timed out, nothing received ***Request timed out This looks like my ntp daemon is just querying itself. I am thinking about the possibility that the router-I-don't-control between my test network timeserver and the corporate network timeserver is blocking on source port. (I think ntpdate sends on port 123, which gets it around that filter and is why I can't use it while ntpd is running.) I have email in to the network folks to check that. Finally, telnet XXX.YYY.4.21 123 never times out or completes a connection. The questions: What am I missing, here? What else can I check to try to figure out where this connection is failing? Would strace ntptrace XXX.YYY.4.21 show me the source port ntptrace is sending from? I can deconstruct most strace calls, but I can't figure out the location of that datum. If I can't directly examine the gateway router between my test network and the timeserver, how might I build evidence that it's responsible for these disconnections? Alternately, how might I rule it out?

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• Looking for a new, free firewall (Sunbelt has a huge hole)

  - by Jason

  I've been using Sunbelt Personal Firewall v. 4.5 (previously Kerio). I've discovered that blocking Firefox connections in the configuration doesn't stop EXISTING Firefox connections. (See my post here yesterday http://superuser.com/questions/132625/sunbelt-firewall-4-5-wont-block-firefox) The "stop all traffic" may work on existing connections - but I'm done testing, as I need to be able to be selective, at any time. I was using the free version, so the "web filtering" option quit working after some time (mostly blocking ads and popups), but I didn't use that anyway. I used the last free version of Kerio before finally having to go to Sunbelt, because Kerio had an unfixed bug where you'd eventually get the BSOD and have to reset Kerio's configuration and start over (configure everything again). So I'm looking for a new Firewall. I don't like ZoneAlarm at all (no offense to all it's users that may be here - personal taste). I need the following: (Sunbelt has all these, except *) - 1. Be able to block in/out to localhost (trusted)/internet selectively for each application with a click (so there's 4 click boxes for each application) [*that effects everything immediately, regardless of what's already connected]. When a new application attempts a connection, you get an allow/deny/remember windows. - 2. Be able to easily set up filter rules for 'individual application'/'all applications,' by protocol, port/address (range), local, remote, in, out. [*Adding a filter rule also doesn't block existing connections in Sunbelt. That needs to work too.] - 3. Have an easy-to-get-to way to "stop all traffic" (like a right click option on the running icon in the task bar). - 4. Be able to set trusted/internet in/out block/allowed (4 things per item) for each of IGMP, ping, DNS, DHCP, VPN, and broadcasts. - 5. Define locahost as trusted/untrusted, define adapter connections as trusted/untrusted. - 6. Block incoming connetions during boot-up and shutdown. - 7. Show existing connections, including local & remote ip/port, protocol, current speed, total bytes transferred, and local ports opened for Listening. - 8. An Intrusion Prevention System which blocks (optionally select each one) known intrustions (long list). - 9. Block/allow applications from starting other applications (deny/allow/remember window). Wish list: A way of knowing what svchost.exe is doing - who is actually using it/calling it. I allowed it for localhost, and selectively allowed it for internet each time the allow/deny window came up. Thanks for any help/suggestions. (I'm using Windows XP SP3.)

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• unable to connect site to different port

  - by JohnMerlino

  I have a domain was registered at godaddy named http://mysite.com/. I logged into godaddy and I went to All Products Domains Domain Management. I clicked on the appropriate domain and it took me to the Domain Details page. I clicked Launch under DNS Manager and it took me to the Zone File Editor. I noticed that notify.mysite.com was pointing to an IP address pointing to a dead server, so I switched it to an operating server. Then I pinged the domain to see where it was pointing to and it was correctly pointing to the working server. So I copied the default configuration under sites-available: sudo cp default notify.mysite.com. And then I made some edits to it to have it point to a different document root to serve files at a different port: Listen 1740 Listen 64.135.xx.xxx:1740 #I also tried this as well: NameVirtualHost 64.135.xx.xxx:1740 <VirtualHost 64.135.xx.xxx:1740> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName notify.mysite.com DocumentRoot /var/www/test/public <Directory /var/www/test/public> Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log LogLevel warn CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined </VirtualHost> Then I enabled the virtual host. Then I went to the document root and added an index.html file with some text in it. Then I restarted apache. The restart gave no errors. Then I type the correct domain in URL: http://notify.mysite.com:1740/ and I get: Oops! Google Chrome could not connect to notify.mysite.com:1740 Somehow it took out all my other sites. Now even the ones that were responding on port 80 are no longe responding, even though I did not touch the virtual hosts for them. I get this message now: Oops! Google Chrome could not connect to mysite.com However, ping responds: ping mysite.com PING mysite.com (64.135.12.134): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 64.135.12.134: icmp_seq=0 ttl=49 time=20.839 ms 64 bytes from 64.135.12.134: icmp_seq=1 ttl=49 time=20.489 ms The result of telnet: $ telnet guarddoggps.com 80 Trying 64.135.12.134... telnet: connect to address 64.135.12.134: Connection refused telnet: Unable to connect to remote host

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• How do I connect my Windows XP laptop to the internet?

  - by rubysiddhi

  Hello fellow super users, The Past I have a Acer Travelmate 2300 laptop running Windows XP. 6 months ago I moved into a new apartment and got a new internet connection set up. After getting an internet connection installed in my apartment I reinstalled Windows XP and at the same time wiped my drive clean losing all the original Acer software and drivers. Once XP was reinstalled I had to find all the drivers again to get the Travelmate laptop connected to the internet. So, using my Vista laptop which was connected fine, I went to the Acer Travelmate Series drivers download page to download the necessary drivers. I transferred them to my Acer XP machine and installed them the best I could (there were no easy instructions so I just had to find all the executables and run them). I eventually got connected to the internet but not exactly in the way I had hoped for. The Present To be connected to the internet I need to have an Ethernet cord connecting my computer (via the Ethernet port) to my router. This is a problem since it defeats the purpose of having a Wireless LAN card in my Acer laptop. One of the programs I downloaded from the Acer Travelmate Series page was the Acer Wireless LAN Configuration Utility. This program allows me to see the current network I am connected to and all the available networks I could potentially connect to. It reminds me of XP's Wireless Network Connection window/utility where you can see all available wireless networks, refresh the network list and connect to one of the networks. I should mention that my ISP set up a security enabled wireless network with WPA. This network requires a network key if you want to connect to it. I guess my Vista computer has the network key entered into it already. The problem is that I do not know what the network key is. Now obviously you would say just contact my ISP to get the key. And I will but there is just one extra weird issue. I am able to connect to another unsecured wireless network in the Wireless Network Connection window/utility. I can be on it as long as my Ethernet cable is plugged in. So this is not really wireless is it? And this indicates that even if I do get that network key password from my ISP, I will only solve one of the two problems I have. I will only solve being able to get online as long as I am connected to my router via the Ethernet cable. The Main Questions So how do I enable my acer IPN2220 Wireless LAN Card so that I can use my Acer laptop from anywhere with in my apartment? Or should I first get the network key from my ISP to access my security enabled wireless network? And then deal with getting the acer IPN2220 Wireless LAN Card working? Hard & Learned VS Easy & Stupid Of course contacting the ISP would be easier. Have em just come in here and do there thing. The problem with that is that they do not speak English (yeah, im in Poland) and it'd be a hell of a time trying to understand what they are doing (uncomfortable looking over their shoulder). Also, I want to learn how to do this task myself so that I can fix the problem if it ever happens again. You know, be more self sufficient. I look forward to helpful replies. Thanks, Xaviour

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• Why can't we reach some (but not all) external web service via VPN connection?

  - by Paul Haldane

  At work (UK university) we use a set of Windows servers running WS2008R2 and RRAS which offer VPN service to students in our accommodation. We do this to associate the network connections with individuals. Before they've connected to the VPN all they can talk to is the stuff thats needed to setup the VPN and a local web site with documentation on how to connect. Medium term we'll probably replace this but it's what we're using at the moment. VPN on the 2008 servers allocates client a private (10.x) address. Access to external sites is through NAT on the campus routers (same as any other directly connected client on a private address). Non-VPN connections aren't seeing this problem. Older servers run WS 2003 and ISA2004. That setup works but has become unreliable under load. Big difference there was that we were allocating non-RFC1918 addresses to the clients (so no NAT required). Behaviour we're seeing is that once connected to the VPN, clients can reach local web sites (that is sites on the campus network) but only some external sites. It seems (but this may be chance) that the sites we can reach are Google ones (including YouTube). We certainly have trouble reaching Microsoft's Office 365 service (which is a pain because that's where mail for most of our students is). One odd bit of behaviour is that clients can fetch (using wget on a Windows 7 client) http://www.oracle.com/ (which gets a 301 redirect) but hangs when asked to fetch http://www.oracle.com/index.html (which is what the first URL redirects to). Access works reliably if we configure clients to use our local web proxies (Squid). My gut tells me that this is likely to be something in the chain dropping replies either based on HTTP inspection or the IP address in the reply. However I'm puzzled about why we're seeing this with the VPN clients. Plan for tomorrow (when I'm back in the office) is to setup a web server on external connection so that we can monitor behaviour at both ends of the conversation (hoping that the problem manifests itself with our test server). Any suggestions for things we should be looking at?

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• Serving protected files using Nginx's X-Accel-Redirect header

  - by andybak

  I'm trying to serve protected files using this directive in my nginx.conf: location /secure/ { internal; alias /home/ldr/webapps/nginx/app/secure/; } I'm passing in paths in the form: "/myfile.doc" and the file's path would be: /home/ldr/webapps/nginx/app/secure/myfile.doc I just get 404's when I access "http: //myserver/secure/myfile.doc" (space inserted after http to stop ServerFault converting it to a link) I've tried taking the trailing / off the location directive and that makes no difference. Two questions: How do I fix it! How can I debug problems like this myself? How can I get Nginx to report which path it's looking for? error.log shows nothing and access.log just tells me which url is being requested - this is the bit I already know! It's no fun trying things randomly without any feedback. Here's my entire nginx.conf: daemon off; worker_processes 2; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; server { listen 21534; server_name my.server.com; client_max_body_size 5m; location /media/ { alias /home/ldr/webapps/nginx/app/media/; } location / { proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; fastcgi_pass unix:/home/ldr/webapps/nginx/app/myproject/django.sock; fastcgi_pass_header Authorization; fastcgi_hide_header X-Accel-Redirect; fastcgi_hide_header X-Sendfile; fastcgi_intercept_errors off; include fastcgi_params; } location /secure { internal; alias /home/ldr/webapps/nginx/app/secure/; } } } EDIT: I'm trying some of the suggestions here So I've tried: location /secure/ { internal; alias /home/ldr/webapps/nginx/app/; } both with and without the trailing slash on location. I've also tried moving this block before the "location /" directive. The page I linked to has ^~ after 'location' giving: location ^~ /secure/ { ...etc... Not sure what that signifies but it didn't work either!

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