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• Questions about openid and dotnetauthentication

  - by chobo2

  Hi I am looking into openid and dotnetauthentication library. However I still go some outstanding questions. the id that comes back is that unique for each user? Can I store this id in a database as the userId(currently this field is a primary key and unique identifier) I read that you can try to request information such as email address but you may not give it to you. What happens if you need this information? I think it kinda sucks if I have to popup another field right away and ask for their email address and whatever else fields I need. Sort of seems to defeat the purpose a bit as I always considered a benefit of openid is that you don't have to fill out registration forms. Is it better to only have some predefined choices(google,yahoo,openid,facebook). Then letting them type in their own ones(ie gray out the field to let them type in a url). I am thinking of this because it goes back to point number 2 if they type in a provider that does not give me the information that I need I am then stuck. How do you a log person out? Do you just kill the form authentication ticket?

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• $_SESSION v. $_COOKIE

  - by taeja87

  I learned about $_SESSION about several weeks ago when creating a login page. I can successfully login and use it with variables. Currently I am trying to understand $_SESSION and $_COOKIE. Please correct me if I am wrong, I can use $_SESSION when logging in and moving around pages. With $_COOKIE, it is used to remember when I last visit and preferences. Another thing involving cookies is that when websites use advertisements (for example: Google AdSense), they use the cookies to track when visitor click on a advertisement, right? I can use both ($_SESSION & $_COOKIE)? I read somewhere that you can store the session_id as value for the cookie. Also, I read about security which let to me finding this: What do I need to store in the php session when user logged in?. Is using session_regenerate_id good for when a user comes back to the site? And this: How to store a cookie with php involving uniqid. For those wanting to know about the login, I use email and password. That way the user can be able to change their username. I look forward to learning more about these two from anybody who would like to share their knowledge about it. If I asked too many question, you can just answer the one that you have more experience with. If you need more information, just ask since I might have forgotten to include something. Thank You. Found this: What risks should I be aware of before allowing advertisements being placed on my website?

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• Application process never terminates on each run

  - by rockyurock

  I am seeing an application always remains live even after closing the application using my Perl script below. Also, for the subsequent runs, it always says that "The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process. iperf.exe -u -s -p 5001 successful. Output was:" So every time I have to change the file name $file used in script or I have to kill the iperf.exe process in the Task Manager. Could anybody please let me know the way to get rid of it? Here is the code I am using ... my @command_output; eval { my $file = "abc6.txt"; $command = "iperf.exe -u -s -p 5001"; alarm 10; system("$command > $file"); alarm 0; close $file; }; if ($@) { warn "$command timed out.\n"; } else { print "$command successful. Output was:\n", $file; } unlink $file;

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• Best practice- How to team-split a django project while still allowing code reusal

  - by Infinity

  I know this sounds kind of vague, but please let me explain- I'm starting work on a brand new project, it will have two main components: "ACME PRODUCT" (think Gmail, Meebo, etc), and "THE SITE" (help, information, marketing stuff, promotional landing pages, etc lots of marketing-induced cruft). So basically the url /acme/* will load stuff in the uber cool ajaxy application, and every other URI will load stuff in the other site. Problem: "THE SITE" component is out of my hands, and will be handled by a consultants team that will work closely with marketing, And I and my team will work solely on the ACME PRODUCT. Question: How to set up the django project in such a way that we can have: Seperate releases. (They can push new marketing pages and functionality without having to worry about the state of our code. Maybe even separate Subversion "projects") Minimize impact (on our product) of whatever flying-unicorns-hocus-pocus the other team codes into the site. Still allow some code reusal. My main concern is that the ACME product needs to be rock solid, and therefore needs to be somewhat isolated of whatever mistakes/code bloopers the consultants make in their marketing side of the site. How have you handled this? Any ideas? Thanks!

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• Quick and easy flood protection?

  - by James P

  I have a site where a user submits a message using AJAX to a file called like.php. In this file the users message is submitted to a database and it then sends a link back to the user. In my Javascript code I disabled the text box the user types into when they submit the AJAX request. The only problem is, a malicious user can just constantly send POST requests to like.php and flood my database. So I would like to implement simple flood protection. I don't really want the hassle of another database table logging users IPs and such... as if they are flooding my site there will be a lot of database read/writes slowing it down. I thought about using sessions, like have a session that contains a timestamp that gets checked every time they send data to like.php, and if the current time is before the timestamp let them add data to the database, otherwise send out an error and block them. If they are allowed to enter something into the database, update their session with a new timestamp. What do you think? Would this be the best way to go about it or are there easier alternatives? Thanks for any help. :)

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• lapply slower than for-loop when used for a BiomaRt query. Is that expected?

  - by ptocquin

  I would like to query a database using BiomaRt package. I have loci and want to retrieve some related information, let say description. I first try to use lapply but was surprise by the time needed for the task to be performed. I thus tried a more basic for-loop and get a faster result. Is that expected or is something wrong with my code or with my understanding of apply ? I read other posts dealing with *apply vs for-loop performance (Here, for example) and I was aware that improved performance should not be expected but I don't understand why performance here is actually lower. Here is a reproducible example. 1) Loading the library and selecting the database : library("biomaRt") athaliana <- useMart("plants_mart_14") athaliana <- useDataset("athaliana_eg_gene",mart=athaliana) 2) Querying the database : loci <- c("at1g01300", "at1g01800", "at1g01900", "at1g02335", "at1g02790", "at1g03220", "at1g03230", "at1g04040", "at1g04110", "at1g05240" ) I create a function for the use in lapply : foo <- function(loci) { getBM("description","tair_locus",loci,athaliana) } When I use this function on the first element : > system.time(foo(cwp_loci[1])) utilisateur système écoulé 0.020 0.004 1.599 When I use lapply to retrieve the data for all values : > system.time(lapply(loci, foo)) utilisateur système écoulé 0.220 0.000 16.376 I then created a new function, adding a for-loop : foo2 <- function(loci) { for (i in loci) { getBM("description","tair_locus",loci[i],athaliana) } } Here is the result : > system.time(foo2(loci)) utilisateur système écoulé 0.204 0.004 10.919 Of course, this will be applied to a big list of loci, so the best performing option is needed. I thank you for assistance. EDIT Following recommendation of @MartinMorgan Simply passing the vector loci to getBM greatly improves the query efficiency. Simpler is better. > system.time(lapply(loci, foo)) utilisateur système écoulé 0.236 0.024 110.512 > system.time(foo2(loci)) utilisateur système écoulé 0.208 0.040 116.099 > system.time(foo(loci)) utilisateur système écoulé 0.028 0.000 6.193

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• How to detect a Socket disconnection?

  - by AngryHacker

  I've implemented a task using the async Sockets pattern in Silverlight 3. I started with Michael Schwarz's implementation and built on top of that. So basically, my Silverlight app establishes a persistent socket connection to a device and then data flows both ways as necessary between the device and the Silverlight app. One thing I am struggling with is how to detect disconnection. I could think of 2 approaches: Keep-Alive. I know this can be done at the Sockets level, but I am not sure how to do this in an async model. How would the Socket class let me know there has been a disconnection. Manual keep alive. Basically, I am having the Silverlight app send a dummy packet every 20 seconds or so. If it fails, I'd assume disconnection. However, incredibly, SocketAsyncEventArgs.SocketError always reports success, even if I simply unplug the device that the Silverlight app is connected to. I am not sure whether this is a bug or what or perhaps I need to upgrade to SL4. Any ideas, direction or implementation would be appreciated.

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• C++ Operator Ambiguity

  - by Scott

  Forgive me, for I am fairly new to C++, but I am having some trouble regarding operator ambiguity. I think it is compiler-specific, for the code compiled on my desktop. However, it fails to compile on my laptop. I think I know what's going wrong, but I don't see an elegant way around it. Please let me know if I am making an obvious mistake. Anyhow, here's what I'm trying to do: I have made my own vector class called Vector4 which looks something like this: class Vector4 { private: GLfloat vector[4]; ... } Then I have these operators, which are causing the problem: operator GLfloat* () { return vector; } operator const GLfloat* () const { return vector; } GLfloat& operator [] (const size_t i) { return vector[i]; } const GLfloat& operator [] (const size_t i) const { return vector[i]; } I have the conversion operator so that I can pass an instance of my Vector4 class to glVertex3fv, and I have subscripting for obvious reasons. However, calls that involve subscripting the Vector4 become ambiguous to the compiler: enum {x, y, z, w} Vector4 v(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0); glTranslatef(v[x], v[y], v[z]); Here are the candidates: candidate 1: const GLfloat& Vector4:: operator[](size_t) const candidate 2: operator[](const GLfloat*, int) <built-in> Why would it try to convert my Vector4 to a GLfloat* first when the subscript operator is already defined on Vector4? Is there a simple way around this that doesn't involve typecasting? Am I just making a silly mistake? Thanks for any help in advance.

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• Help Installing phpMyAdmin on Linux Server

  - by Joe Majewski

  I constantly get this error when attempting to view index.php in the phpMyAdmin folder I have setup: Cannot start session without errors, please check errors given in your PHP and/or webserver log file and configure your PHP installation properly. I am using subversion with three co-workers and I am trying to install this on my repository, which is at /svni3/myusername/intranet/ on our linux development server. I do have shell access so I would be able to install it somewhere else if that may be causing the problem. My config.inc.php file looks like this (only the things I changed): $cfg['blowfish_secret'] = 'blah'; $cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type'] = 'cookie'; //$cfg['Servers'][$i]['user'] = 'username'; //$cfg['Servers'][$i]['password'] = 'password'; $cfg['Servers'][$i]['host'] = 'localhost'; Other helpful information??? When I ping localhost it works. When I run the command "ls -l /var/lib/php": drwxrwx--- 2 root apache 4096 2009-04-17 02:31 session If there's anything else that may be helpful let me know; this has been plaguing me for a few hours now.

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• How to use javascript to get information from the content of another page (same domain)?

  - by hlovdal

  Let's say I have a web page (/index.html) that contains the following <li> <div>item1</div> <a href="/details/item1.html">details</a> </li> and I would like to have some javascript on /index.html to load that /details/item1.html page and extract some information from that page. The page /details/item1.html might contain things like <div id="some_id"> <a href="/images/item1_picture.png">picture</a> <a href="/images/item1_map.png">map</a> </div> My task is to write a greasemonkey script, so changing anything serverside is not an option. To summarize, javascript is running on /index.html and I would like to have the javascript code to add some information on /index.html extracted from both /index.html and /details/item1.html. My question is how to fetch information from /details/item1.html. I currently have written code to extract the link (e.g. /details/item1.html) and pass this on to a method that should extract the wanted information (at first just .innerHTML from the some_id div is ok, I can process futher later). The following is my current attempt, but it does not work. Any suggestions? function get_information(link) { var obj = document.createElement('object'); obj.data = link; document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0].appendChild(obj) var some_id = document.getElementById('some_id'); if (! some_id) { alert("some_id == NULL"); return ""; } return some_id.innerHTML; }

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• C Programming. How to deep copy a struct?

  - by user69514

  I have the following two structs where "child struct" has a "rusage struct" as an element. Then I create two structs of type "child" let's call them childA and childB How do I copy just the rusage struct from childA to childB? typedef struct{ int numb; char *name; pid_t pid; long userT; long systemT; struct rusage usage; }child; typedef struct{ struct timeval ru_utime; /* user time used */ struct timeval ru_stime; /* system time used */ long ru_maxrss; /* maximum resident set size */ long ru_ixrss; /* integral shared memory size */ long ru_idrss; /* integral unshared data size */ long ru_isrss; /* integral unshared stack size */ long ru_minflt; /* page reclaims */ long ru_majflt; /* page faults */ long ru_nswap; /* swaps */ long ru_inblock; /* block input operations */ long ru_oublock; /* block output operations */ long ru_msgsnd; /* messages sent */ long ru_msgrcv; /* messages received */ long ru_nsignals; /* signals received */ long ru_nvcsw; /* voluntary context switches */ long ru_nivcsw; /* involuntary context switches */ }rusage; I did the following, but I guess it copies the memory location, because if I changed the value of usage in childA, it also changes in childB. memcpy(&childA,&childB, sizeof(rusage)); I know that gives childB all the values from childA. I have already taken care of the others fields in childB, I just need to be able to copy the rusage struct called usage that resides in the "child" struct.

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• How lucene indexing ?

  - by user312140

  Hello I read some document about lucene ; also i read the document in this link ( http://lucene.sourceforge.net/talks/pisa ) . I don't really understand how lucene index documents and don't understand lucene work with which algorithm for indexing ? On above link , said lucene use this algorithm for indexing : * incremental algorithm: o maintain a stack of segment indices o create index for each incoming document o push new indexes onto the stack o let b=10 be the merge factor; M=8 for (size = 1; size < M; size *= b) { if (there are b indexes with size docs on top of the stack) { pop them off the stack; merge them into a single index; push the merged index onto the stack; } else { break; } } How this algorithm help us to have an optimize indexing ? Does lucene use B-tree algorithm or any other algorithm like that for indexing or have a paticular algorithm ? Thank you for reading my post .

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• How to accommodate for the different screen resolution of iPhone 4?

  - by mystify

  This is a programming question! Read on before you vote to close! According to Apple, iPhone 4 has a new screen resolution: 3.5-inch (diagonal) widescreen Multi-Touch display 960-by-640-pixel resolution at 326 ppi This little detail affects our apps in a heavy way. Most of the demo apps on the net have one thing in common: They position views in the believe that the screen has a fixed size of 320 x 480 pixels. So what most -if not all- developers do is: They designed everything in such a way, that a touchable area is -for example- 50 x 50 pixels big. Just enough to tap it. Things have been positioned relative to the upper left, to reach a specific position on screen - let's say the center, or somewhere at the bottom. Edit: It seems Apple has integrated an switch that allows to tell if an app is highRes or not. Nice. When we develop high-resolution apps, probably they won't work on older devices. And if they did, they would suffer a lot from 4-times the size of any image, having to scale them down in memory. This is community wiki. Just add anything that you think is relevant to this huge problem (constant screen res was one of the main reasons why I didn't go for Android!!).

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• Efficiently select top row for each category in the set

  - by VladV

  I need to select a top row for each category from a known set (somewhat similar to this question). The problem is, how to make this query efficient on the large number of rows. For example, let's create a table that stores temperature recording in several places. CREATE TABLE #t ( placeId int, ts datetime, temp int, PRIMARY KEY (ts, placeId) ) -- insert some sample data SET NOCOUNT ON DECLARE @n int, @ts datetime SELECT @n = 1000, @ts = '2000-01-01' WHILE (@n>0) BEGIN INSERT INTO #t VALUES (@n % 10, @ts, @n % 37) IF (@n % 10 = 0) SET @ts = DATEADD(hour, 1, @ts) SET @n = @n - 1 END Now I need to get the latest recording for each of the places 1, 2, 3. This way is efficient, but doesn't scale well (and looks dirty). SELECT * FROM ( SELECT TOP 1 placeId, temp FROM #t WHERE placeId = 1 ORDER BY ts DESC ) t1 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM ( SELECT TOP 1 placeId, temp FROM #t WHERE placeId = 2 ORDER BY ts DESC ) t2 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM ( SELECT TOP 1 placeId, temp FROM #t WHERE placeId = 3 ORDER BY ts DESC ) t3 The following looks better but works much less efficiently (30% vs 70% according to the optimizer). SELECT placeId, ts, temp FROM ( SELECT placeId, ts, temp, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY placeId ORDER BY ts DESC) rownum FROM #t WHERE placeId IN (1, 2, 3) ) t WHERE rownum = 1 The problem is, during the latter query execution plan a clustered index scan is performed on #t and 300 rows are retrieved, sorted, numbered, and then filtered, leaving only 3 rows. For the former query three times one row is fetched. Is there a way to perform the query efficiently without lots of unions?

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• Reading lines of data from text files using java

  - by razshan

  I have a text file with x amount of lines. each line holds a integer number. When the user clicks a button, an action is performed via actionlistener where it should list all the values as displayed on the text file. However, right now I have linenum set to 10 implying I already told the code that just work with 10 lines of the text file. So, if my text file has only 3 rows/lines of data...it will list those lines and for rest of the other 7 lines, it will spit out "null". I recall there is a way to use ellipsis to let the program know that you don't know the exact value but at the end it calculates it based on the given information. Where my given information will the number of lines with numbers(data). Below is part of the code. private class thehandler implements ActionListener{ public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event){ BufferedReader inputFile=null; try { FileReader freader =new FileReader("Data.txt"); inputFile = new BufferedReader(freader); String MAP = ""; int linenum=10; while(linenum > 0) { linenum=linenum-1; MAP = inputFile.readLine();//read the next line until the specfic line is found System.out.println(MAP); } } catch( Exception y ) { y.printStackTrace(); } }}

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• How to call stored procedure by hibernate?

  - by user367097

  Hi I have an oracle stored procedure GET_VENDOR_STATUS_COUNT(DOCUMENT_ID IN NUMBER , NOT_INVITED OUT NUMBER,INVITE_WITHDRAWN OUT NUMBER,... rest all parameters are OUT parameters. In hbm file I have written - <sql-query name="getVendorStatus" callable="true"> <return-scalar column="NOT_INVITED" type="string"/> <return-scalar column="INVITE_WITHDRAWN" type="string"/> <return-scalar column="INVITED" type="string"/> <return-scalar column="DISQUALIFIED" type="string"/> <return-scalar column="RESPONSE_AWAITED" type="string"/> <return-scalar column="RESPONSE_IN_PROGRESS" type="string"/> <return-scalar column="RESPONSE_RECEIVED" type="string"/> { call GET_VENDOR_STATUS_COUNT(:DOCUMENT_ID , :NOT_INVITED ,:INVITE_WITHDRAWN ,:INVITED ,:DISQUALIFIED ,:RESPONSE_AWAITED ,:RESPONSE_IN_PROGRESS ,:RESPONSE_RECEIVED ) } </sql-query> In java I have written - session.getNamedQuery("getVendorStatus").setParameter("DOCUMENT_ID", "DOCUMENT_ID").setParameter("NOT_INVITED", "NOT_INVITED") ... continue till all the parametes . I am getting the sql exception 18:29:33,056 WARN [JDBCExceptionReporter] SQL Error: 1006, SQLState: 72000 18:29:33,056 ERROR [JDBCExceptionReporter] ORA-01006: bind variable does not exist Please let me know what is the exact process of calling a stored procedure from hibernate. I do not want to use JDBC callable statement.

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• How can I determine the "correct" number of steps in a questionnaire where branching is used?

  - by Mike Kingscott

  I have a potential maths / formula / algorithm question which I would like help on. I've written a questionnaire application in ASP.Net that takes people through a series of pages. I've introduced conditional processing, or branching, so that some pages can be skipped dependent on an answer, e.g. if you're over a certain age, you will skip the page that has Teen Music Choice and go straight to the Golden Oldies page. I wish to display how far along the questionnaire someone is (as a percentage). Let's say I have 10 pages to go through and my first answer takes me straight to page 9. Technically, I'm now 90% of the way through the questionnaire, but the user can think of themselves as being on page 2 of 3: the start page (with the branching question), page 9, then the end page (page 10). How can I show that I'm on 66% and not 90% when I'm on page 9 of 10? For further information, each Page can have a number of questions on that can have one or more conditions on them that will send the user to another page. By default, the next page will be the next one in the collection, but that can be over-ridden (e.g. entire sets of pages can be skipped). Any thoughts? :-s

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• Expandable paragraphs with HTML and CSS

  - by user3704175

  I was wondering if anyone here would be as so kind as to help me out a bit. I am looking to make expandable paragraphs for my client's website. They would like to keep all of the content from their site, which is pretty massive, and they want a total overhaul of the design. They mainly wan tot keep it for SEO purposes. Anyhow, I thought it would be helpful for the both of use if there is some way to use expandable paragraphs, you know, with a "read more..." link after a certain line of text. I know that there are some JQuery and Java solutions for this, but we really would like to stay away from those options, if at all possible. When would like HTML and CSS, if we can. Here is kind of an example: HEADING HERE Paragraph with a bunch of text. I would like this to appear in a pre-determined line. For example, maybe the start of the paragraph goes on for, let's say, three lines and then we have the [read more...] When the visitor clicks "read more", we would like the rest of the content to just expand to reveal the article in its entirety. I would like for the content to already be on the page, so it just expands. I don't want it to be called in from another file or anything, if that makes sense. Thank you in advance for any and all help. It will be greatly appreciated! Testudo

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• Using Visual Studio 2010 Express to create a surface I can draw to

  - by Joel

  I'm coming from a Java background and trying to port a simple version of Conway's Game of Life that I wrote to C# in order to learn the language. In Java, I drew my output by inheriting from JComponent and overriding paint(). My new canvas class then had an instance of the simulation's backend which it could read/manipulate. I was then able to get the WYSIWYG GUI editor (Matisse, from NetBeans) to allow me to visually place the canvas. In C#, I've gathered that I need to override OnPaint() to draw things, which (as far as I know) requires me to inherit from something (I chose Panel). I can't figure out how to get the Windows forms editor to let me place my custom class. I'm also uncertain about where in the generated code I need to place my class. How can I do this, and is putting all my drawing code into a subclass really how I should be going about this? The lack of easy answers on Google suggests I'm missing something important here. If anyone wants to suggest a method for doing this in WPF as well, I'm curious to hear it. Thanks

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• T4MVC Optional Parameter Inferred From Current Context

  - by Itakou

  I have read the other post about this at T4MVC OptionalParameter values implied from current context and I am using the latest T4MVC (2.11.1) which is suppose to have the fix in. I even checked checked to make sure that it's there -- and it is. I am still getting the optional parameters filled in based on the current context. For example: Let's say I have a list that is by default ordered by a person's last name. I have the option to order by first name instead with the URL http://localhost/list/stuff?orderby=firstname When I am in that page, I want to go back to order by first name with the code: @Html.ActionLink("order by last name", MVC.List.Stuff(null)) the link I wanted was simply http://localhost/list/stuff without any parameters to keep the URL simple and short - invoking default behaviors within the action. But instead the orderby is kept and the url is still http://localhost/list/stuff?orderby=firstname Any help would be great. I know that in the most general cases, this does remove the query parameter - maybe I do have a specific case where it was not removed. I find that it only happens when I have the URL inside a page that I included with RenderPartial. My actual code is <li>@Html.ActionLink("Recently Updated", MVC.Network.Ticket.List(Model.UI.AccountId, "LastModifiedDate", null, null, null, null, null))</li> <li>@Html.ActionLink("Recently Created", MVC.Network.Ticket.List(Model.UI.AccountId, "CreatedDate", null, null, null, null, null))</li> <li>@Html.ActionLink("Most Severe", MVC.Network.Ticket.List(Model.UI.AccountId, "MostSevere", null, null, null, null, null))</li> <li>@Html.ActionLink("Previously Closed", MVC.Network.Ticket.List(Model.UI.AccountId, "LastModifiedDate", null, "Closed", null, null, null))</li> the problem happens when someone clicks Previously Closed and and go to ?status=closed. When they click Recently Updated, which I want to the ?status so that it shows the active ones, the ?status=closed stays. Any insight would be greatly appreciated.

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• Saving form values to database after a user logs in

  - by redfalcon

  Hi. We have a form with ratings to submit for a certain restaurant. After the user has entered some values and wants to submit them, we check whether the user is logged in or not. If not, we display a login form and let the user put in his account data and redirect him to the restaurant he wanted to submit a rating for. The problem is, that after he successfully logged in himself, the submitted values are not saved to the database (which works fine if the user is already logged in). So I wondered if it is possible, to somehow save the data although the user is not logged in. I thought of maybe saving the filled values in a variable and have then automatically re-entered after we redirected the user. But I guess this wont work because we use before_filter :login_required, :only => [ :create ] So we couldnt even access the filled in values, since we display the login-form before the method has processed the values in the form, right? Any idea how we can make rails to save the values or at least have them automatically re-entered to the form? Thanks!

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• Time complexity of a powerset generating function

  - by Lirik

  I'm trying to figure out the time complexity of a function that I wrote (it generates a power set for a given string): public static HashSet<string> GeneratePowerSet(string input) { HashSet<string> powerSet = new HashSet<string>(); if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(input)) return powerSet; int powSetSize = (int)Math.Pow(2.0, (double)input.Length); // Start at 1 to skip the empty string case for (int i = 1; i < powSetSize; i++) { string str = Convert.ToString(i, 2); string pset = str; for (int k = str.Length; k < input.Length; k++) { pset = "0" + pset; } string set = string.Empty; for (int j = 0; j < pset.Length; j++) { if (pset[j] == '1') { set = string.Concat(set, input[j].ToString()); } } powerSet.Add(set); } return powerSet; } So my attempt is this: let the size of the input string be n in the outer for loop, must iterate 2^n times (because the set size is 2^n). in the inner for loop, we must iterate 2*n times (at worst). 1. So Big-O would be O((2^n)*n) (since we drop the constant 2)... is that correct? And n*(2^n) is worse than n^2. if n = 4 then (4*(2^4)) = 64 (4^2) = 16 if n = 100 then (10*(2^10)) = 10240 (10^2) = 100 2. Is there a faster way to generate a power set, or is this about optimal?

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• A generic C++ library that provides QtConcurrent functionality?

  - by Lucas

  QtConcurrent is awesome. I'll let the Qt docs speak for themselves: QtConcurrent includes functional programming style APIs for parallel list processing, including a MapReduce and FilterReduce implementation for shared-memory (non-distributed) systems, and classes for managing asynchronous computations in GUI applications. For instance, you give QtConcurrent::map() an iterable sequence and a function that accepts items of the type stored in the sequence, and that function is applied to all the items in the collection. This is done in a multi-threaded manner, with a thread pool equal to the number of logical CPU's on the system. There are plenty of other function in QtConcurrent, like filter(), filteredReduced() etc. The standard CompSci map/reduce functions and the like. I'm totally in love with this, but I'm starting work on an OSS project that will not be using the Qt framework. It's a library, and I don't want to force others to depend on such a large framework like Qt. I'm trying to keep external dependencies to a minimum (it's the decent thing to do). I'm looking for a generic C++ framework that provides me with the same/similar high-level primitives that QtConcurrent does. AFAIK boost has nothing like this (I may be wrong though). boost::thread is very low-level compared to what I'm looking for. I know C# has something very similar with their Parallel Extensions so I know this isn't a Qt-only idea. What do you suggest I use?

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• Immutability and shared references - how to reconcile?

  - by davetron5000

  Consider this simplified application domain: Criminal Investigative database Person is anyone involved in an investigation Report is a bit of info that is part of an investigation A Report references a primary Person (the subject of an investigation) A Report has accomplices who are secondarily related (and could certainly be primary in other investigations or reports These classes have ids that are used to store them in a database, since their info can change over time (e.g. we might find new aliases for a person, or add persons of interest to a report) If these are stored in some sort of database and I wish to use immutable objects, there seems to be an issue regarding state and referencing. Supposing that I change some meta-data about a Person. Since my Person objects immutable, I might have some code like: class Person( val id:UUID, val aliases:List[String], val reports:List[Report]) { def addAlias(name:String) = new Person(id,name :: aliases,reports) } So that my Person with a new alias becomes a new object, also immutable. If a Report refers to that person, but the alias was changed elsewhere in the system, my Report now refers to the "old" person, i.e. the person without the new alias. Similarly, I might have: class Report(val id:UUID, val content:String) { /** Adding more info to our report */ def updateContent(newContent:String) = new Report(id,newContent) } Since these objects don't know who refers to them, it's not clear to me how to let all the "referrers" know that there is a new object available representing the most recent state. This could be done by having all objects "refresh" from a central data store and all operations that create new, updated, objects store to the central data store, but this feels like a cheesy reimplementation of the underlying language's referencing. i.e. it would be more clear to just make these "secondary storable objects" mutable. So, if I add an alias to a Person, all referrers see the new value without doing anything. How is this dealt with when we want to avoid mutability, or is this a case where immutability is not helpful?

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• Speed comparison - Template specialization vs. Virtual Function vs. If-Statement

  - by Person

  Just to get it out of the way... Premature optimization is the root of all evil Make use of OOP etc. I understand. Just looking for some advice regarding the speed of certain operations that I can store in my grey matter for future reference. Say you have an Animation class. An animation can be looped (plays over and over) or not looped (plays once), it may have unique frame times or not, etc. Let's say there are 3 of these "either or" attributes. Note that any method of the Animation class will at most check for one of these (i.e. this isn't a case of a giant branch of if-elseif). Here are some options. 1) Give it boolean members for the attributes given above, and use an if statement to check against them when playing the animation to perform the appropriate action. Problem: Conditional checked every single time the animation is played. 2) Make a base animation class, and derive other animations classes such as LoopedAnimation and AnimationUniqueFrames, etc. Problem: Vtable check upon every call to play the animation given that you have something like a vector<Animation>. Also, making a separate class for all of the possible combinations seems code bloaty. 3) Use template specialization, and specialize those functions that depend on those attributes. Like template<bool looped, bool uniqueFrameTimes> class Animation. Problem: The problem with this is that you couldn't just have a vector<Animation> for something's animations. Could also be bloaty. I'm wondering what kind of speed each of these options offer? I'm particularly interested in the 1st and 2nd option because the 3rd doesn't allow one to iterate through a general container of Animations. In short, what is faster - a vtable fetch or a conditional?

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