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  • Fun programming languages

    - by Jason Baker
    What are some fun programming languages to learn and work with? I'm asking this for absolutely no practical purpose other than just to learn something new. So, what are some fun languages? I already know Python and C# so those don't count (although Python would probably be the first language I'd recommend). I've spent some time with Ruby, but I don't really see anything that's a whole lot different from Python. (and no, I'm not going to learn Intercal or Brainf*ck before you mention it)

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  • Do we really need high level languages? [closed]

    - by i_love_c
    Seeing the amount of softwares developed (and still being developed) in C and considering the fact that C currently tops the TIOBE chart, I have this one question for you all: Do we really need high level languages like C# or F# or Ruby? Don't you think these so-called high level languages are actually spoiling programmers and resulting in suboptimal and non-efficient softwares?

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  • Your experience with haxe and other languages that compile to PHP?

    - by Kim
    I would like to hear oppinions from people who have used a language that compiles to php. One such language I know is Haxe. Other ones I've read about are Kira and Pharen. How well do these languages integrate with PHP? Is it relatively easy to write a plugin for a PHP CMS in them? How mature are their implementations and tools? Would you recommend them to someone who has to use a php cms but hates php?

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  • Why should we use low level languages if a high level one like python can do almost everything? [closed]

    - by killown
    I know python is not suitable for things like microcontrolers, make drivers etc, but besides that, you can do everything using python, companys get stuck with speed optimizations for real hard time system but does forget other factors which one you can just upgrade your hardware for speed proposes in order to get your python program fit in it, if you think how much cust can the company have to maintain a system written in C, the comparison is like that: for example: 10 programmers to mantain a system written in c and just one programmer to mantain a system written in python, with python you can buy some better hardware to fit your python program, I think that low level languages tend to get more cost, since programmers aren't so cheaply than a hardware upgrade, then, this is my point, why should a system be written in c instead of python?

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  • What languages are most commonly used in medical research?

    - by Chris Taylor
    For someone about to go into a career in medical research, what language would be the most useful to learn? From my limited experience (I have been a researcher in mathematics and in finance) I have been able to recommend looking at R (for statistics) Matlab (for general numeric processing) and Python (for general purpose programming with statistics/numerics as an add-on) but I don't know which of those (if any) are in common use -- or if there are other, more specialized languages that are used. To be clear, I'm not talking about a professional programmer working in a medical setting. I am talking about a medical or genetics researcher who uses programming to analyse data, or generally to help get their work done.

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  • Why has there been no serious research in statistical programming languages for 25 years?

    - by Robert
    The two main statistical languages today are S (in the form of R) and SAS, which today pretty much have the form they had 25 years ago. Whatever usability problems or worker productivity problems they had then, they still have today. I'm a data language designer, and I look at, largely, four aspects: Usability (learning curve & readability - here Python scores high) Productivity (how long it takes to finish your work) Flexibility (SAS and R don't have problems here, but a macro library will) Reliability (in the QA/reproducibility sense, usually a PL does better than a GUI here) By the way, I have a language that can produce complex statistical tables much faster than SAS (like 25 lines of code instead of several hundred lines of code). And I'm going to produce a language for data cleaning that will be great for usability (it'll be my third).

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  • What triggered the popularity of lambda functions in modern programming languages?

    - by Giorgio
    In the last few years anonymous functions (AKA lambda functions) have become a very popular language construct and almost every major / mainstream programming language has introduced them or is planned to introduce them in an upcoming revision of the standard. Yet, anonymous functions are a very old and very well-known concept in Mathematics and Computer Science (invented by the mathematician Alonzo Church around 1936, and used by the Lisp programming language since 1958, see e.g. here). So why didn't today's mainstream programming languages (many of which originated 15 to 20 years ago) support lambda functions from the very beginning and only introduced them later? And what triggered the massive adoption of anonymous functions in the last few years? Is there some specific event, new requirement or programming technique that started this phenomenon?

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  • How to better start learning programming - with imperative or declarative languages?

    - by user712092
    Someone is interested in learning to program. What language paradigm should I recomend him - imperative or declarative? And what programming language should he start with? I think that declarative because it is closer to math. And I would say that Prolog might be the best start because it is based on logic and programs are short. On the other hand at school we started learning from imperative languages and I am not sure whether there is a benefit to start with them instead of declarive ones. Thanks. :)

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  • If there's no problem treating a statement as an expression, why was there a distinction in the first place in some programming languages?

    - by cdmckay
    Why do we have the distinction between statements and expressions in most programming languages? For example, in Java, assuming f and g return ints, this still won't compile because it's a statement and statements don't return values. // won't compile int i = if (pred) { f(x); } else { g(x); } but in Scala, it's very happy with treating if as an expression. // compiles fine val i: Int = if (pred) f(x) else g(x) So if there's no problem treating an if statement as an expression, why was there a distinction in the first place?

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  • What software programming languages were used by the Soviet Union's space program?

    - by shamp00
    I got interested in the Soviet space program and was interested to discover that the software on the Buran spacecraft circa 1988 was written in Prolog. Does anyone know what languages might have been used in earlier missions, especially the Mars PrOP-M rover missions of the early 1970s which were somewhat autonomous and could navigate obstacles? Edit My source for the Buran Prolog is this declassified document from the CIA site from May 1990. I couldn't find an OCR version, so here's the relevant quote from p. 0449: According to open-source literature, the Soviets used the French-developed programming language known as Prolog to develop on-board system software for the Buran vehicle...

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  • Good choice of languages for making a program that manages and organizes business? [closed]

    - by Ronney P
    I've been reading questions and discussions on this website but haven't made an account to start talking or asking anything I had doubts in so please bare with a newbie here. What are specific languages that have are able to make a program that will record, and organize things such as hours, salaries, payments? Also solve business problems, mostly with payments, how much money there will be after interest, taxes and such. Anyway, I've been looking into COBOL, C++, Java, HTML, JavaScript, VB.NET and a couple more. Which ones should I focus on and look into more? I very much appreciate any answers. Thank you.

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  • Help me sort programing languages a bit

    - by b-gen-jack-o-neill
    Hi, so I asked here few days ago about C# and its principles. Now, if I may, I have some additional general questions about some languages, becouse for novice like me, it seems a bit confusing. To be exact I want to ask more about language functions capabilities than syntax and so. To be honest, its just these special functions that bothers me and make me so confused. For exmaple, C has its printf(), Pascal has writeln() and so. I know in basic the output in assembler of these funtions would be similiar, every language has more or less its special functions. For console output, for file manipulation, etc. But all these functions are de-facto part of its OS API, so why is for example in C distinguished between C standard library functions and (on Windows) WinAPI functions when even printf() has to use some Windows feature, call some of its function to actually show desired text on console window, becouse the actuall "showing" is done by OS. Where is the line between language functions and system API? Now languages I dont quite understand - Python, Ruby and similiar. To be more specific, I know they are similiar to java and C# in term they are compiled into bytecode. But, I do not unerstand what are its capabilities in term of building GUI applications. I saw tutorial for using Ruby to program GUI applications on Linux and Windows. But isn´t that just some kind of upgrade? I mean fram other tutorials It seemed like these languages was first intended for small scripts than building big applications. I hope you understand why I am confused. If you do, please help me sort it out a bit, I have no one to ask.

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  • Choosing a Job based on languages?

    - by Alan
    How often is language the deciding factor for selecting a job? Many of us here are well versed in many languages, C++, Java, C#, and likely have many other languages under our belt for the right occassion (really any occasion is the right occasion for Python, AMIRITE?), so this isn't so much a question of choosing a job that is a good fit based on your skill set. Rather, if you are skilled with most languages, do you pick your favorite, or do you follow the money (given the tight economy). I'm considering coming out of retirement, and have started to look around and what's available. Over the years, I've moved towards C# and Python; many jobs in the area are looking for .NET developers, but there are plenty of them that do not. I cut my teef on C++, consider myself adept at the language, and know my way around a Java. But I find myself really digging what they're doing to C#, and I have always loved python. So when I see an interesting job req that is looking for C++ developers; it gives me 2nd thoughts. Not because I can't cut it, but because I don't know if I want to go back to C++. Even if the work will be interesting, how important is the language to you?

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  • Splitting a test to a set of smaller tests

    - by mkorpela
    I want to be able to split a big test to smaller tests so that when the smaller tests pass they imply that the big test would also pass (so there is no reason to run the original big test). I want to do this because smaller tests usually take less time, less effort and are less fragile. I would like to know if there are test design patterns or verification tools that can help me to achieve this test splitting in a robust way. I fear that the connection between the smaller tests and the original test is lost when someone changes something in the set of smaller tests. Another fear is that the set of smaller tests doesn't really cover the big test. An example of what I am aiming at: //Class under test class A { public void setB(B b){ this.b = b; } public Output process(Input i){ return b.process(doMyProcessing(i)); } private InputFromA doMyProcessing(Input i){ .. } .. } //Another class under test class B { public Output process(InputFromA i){ .. } .. } //The Big Test @Test public void theBigTest(){ A systemUnderTest = createSystemUnderTest(); // <-- expect that this is expensive Input i = createInput(); Output o = systemUnderTest.process(i); // <-- .. or expect that this is expensive assertEquals(o, expectedOutput()); } //The splitted tests @PartlyDefines("theBigTest") // <-- so something like this should come from the tool.. @Test public void smallerTest1(){ // this method is a bit too long but its just an example.. Input i = createInput(); InputFromA x = expectedInputFromA(); // this should be the same in both tests and it should be ensured somehow Output expected = expectedOutput(); // this should be the same in both tests and it should be ensured somehow B b = mock(B.class); when(b.process(x)).thenReturn(expected); A classUnderTest = createInstanceOfClassA(); classUnderTest.setB(b); Output o = classUnderTest.process(i); assertEquals(o, expected); verify(b).process(x); verifyNoMoreInteractions(b); } @PartlyDefines("theBigTest") // <-- so something like this should come from the tool.. @Test public void smallerTest2(){ InputFromA x = expectedInputFromA(); // this should be the same in both tests and it should be ensured somehow Output expected = expectedOutput(); // this should be the same in both tests and it should be ensured somehow B classUnderTest = createInstanceOfClassB(); Output o = classUnderTest.process(x); assertEquals(o, expected); }

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  • Tool to write linear temporal logic from UML 2.0 sequence diagram

    - by user326180
    i am working on checking model consistency of software. to do this i need to write linear temporal logic for UML 2.0 sequence diagram. if any body have any other tool for the same please response as soon as possible. I will be very obliged to you. i have found charmy tool have plugin for the same. Does anybody have source code for charmy tool(CHecking ARchitectural Model consistencY). It is not available on their website. Thanks in advance.

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  • Will HTML5/JS Eventually Replace All Client Side Languages? [closed]

    - by Shnitzel
    I'm just wondering about the future of it all. IMHO, there are 4 forces that define where technology goes: Microsoft, Apple, Google, Adobe. It looks like in Apple's iPhone/iPad iADs can now be programmed in HTML5. So does that mean HTML5 will eventually replace objective-c? Also, Microsoft has now shifted it's focus from WPF/Silverlight to HTML5 and I assume Visual Studio 2011 will be all about tooling support for HTML5. Because that's what Microsoft do. (Tools). In a few months IE9 the last major browser will support HTML5. Similarly Adobe is getting on the HTML5 bandwagon and allows to export flash content to HTML5 in their latest tools. And we all know how much in bed Google is with html5. Heck, their latest Operating System (Chrome OS) is nothing but a big fat web browser. Apps for Mobile (i.e., iPhone, Android, WM7) are very hard for a company to program especially for many different devices (each with their own language) so I'm assuming this won't last too long. I.e., HTML5 will be the unifying language. Which is somewhat sad for app developers because now users will be able to play the "cool" html5 apps for free on the web and it'll be hard to charge for them. So are strongly-typed languages really doomed, and in the future, say 5-10 years, will client side programming only be in HTML5? Will all of us become javascript programmers? :) Because the signs are sure pointing that way...

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  • Do there exist programming languages where a variable can truly know its own name?

    - by Job
    In PHP and Python one can iterate over the local variables and, if there is only once choice where the value matches, you could say that you know what the variable's name is, but this does not always work. Machine code does not have variable names. C compiles to assembly and does not have any native reflection capabilities, so it would not know it's name. (Edit: per Anton's answer the pre-processor can know the variable's name). Do there exist programming languages where a variable would know it's name? It gets tricky if you do something like b = a and b does not become a copy of a but a reference to the same place. EDIT: Why in the world would you want this? I can think of one example: error checking that can survive automatic refactoring. Consider this C# snippet: private void CheckEnumStr(string paramName, string paramValue) { if (paramName != "pony" && paramName != "horse") { string exceptionMessage = String.Format( "Unexpected value '{0}' of the parameter named '{1}'.", paramValue, paramName); throw new ArgumentException(exceptionMessage); } } ... CheckEnumStr("a", a); // Var 'a' does not know its name - this will not survive naive auto-refactoring There are other libraries provided by Microsoft and others that allow to check for errors (sorry the names have escaped me). I have seen one library which with the help of closures/lambdas can accomplish error checking that can survive refactoring, but it does not feel idiomatic. This would be one reason why I might want a language where a variable knows its name.

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  • How do functional programming languages work?

    - by eSKay
    I was just reading this excellent post, and got some better understanding of what exactly object oriented programming is, how Java implements it in one extreme manner, and how functional programming languages are a contrast. What I was thinking is this: if functional programming languages cannot save any state, how do they do some simple stuff like reading input from a user (I mean how do they "store" it), or storing any data for that matter? For example - how would this simple C thing translate to any functional programming language, for example haskell? #include<stdio.h> int main() { int no; scanf("%d",&no); return 0; }

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  • Languages and development methodologies

    - by Carlos
    Having never worked with Ruby on Rails, I looked it up on Wikipedia. It says It is intended to be used with an Agile development methodology that is used by web developers for rapid development. This got me asking how a given language/framework can be more appropriate for given development methodologies. Are there certain languages that are more friendly for pair programming, for instance? Are there language features that make certain methodologies are more appropriate? Are there features that make certain methodologies impossible? My initial reaction is to dismiss the connection (the design process is a business process, which is more dependent on business needs that language features). But I'm an only programmer within the firm, and I'm a partner, so I get to decide the business needs. What do you think? Also, if the SO community finds that certain languages point towards certain methodologies, what methodology is most common for c#, which is what I use most of the time?

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  • Managing multiple .NET languages in a web application

    - by tomfanning
    I am part of a development team building a new ASP.NET 3.5 web application. Two of us are C# coders, and the other is a VB.NET coder. I know that we can mix languages on a per-project basis, and one can build classes in one language that inherit from classes written in the other language in a different project (which we are already doing), but I can see us getting into a situation where we might well end up with cyclic dependencies between our various project DLLs. Other than simply having a high number of projects (more seperation of concerns into more libraries), how have you managed this situation on your own projects? Note - I believe this question to be different enough from the only similar match I could find (this one) on the basis that we are not wanting to use different languages in order to take advantage of their specific features per se, but rather to make use of what developer resource is available to us (i.e. one dev just happens to be VB.NET only).

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  • How do you keep all your languages straight?

    - by Chris Blackwell
    I think I'm going a little crazy. Right now, I'm working with the following languages (I was just doing a mental inventory): C++ - our game engine Assembler - low level debugging and a few co-processor specific routines Lua - our game engine scripting language HLSL - for shaders Python - our build system and utility tools Objective C/C++ - game engine platform code for Mac and iPhone C# - A few tools developed in our overseas office ExtendScript - Photoshop exporting tools ActionScript - UI scripting VBScript - some spreadsheet related stuff PHP - some web related stuff SQL - some web and tool related stuff On top of this are the plethora of API's that often have many different ways of doing the same thing: std library, boost, .NET, wxWidgets, Cocoa, Carbon, native script libraries for Python, Lua, etc, OpenGL, Direct3d, GDI, Aqua, augh! I find myself inadvertently conflating languages and api's, not realizing what I'm doing until I get syntax errors. I feel like I can't possibly keep up with it, and I can't possibly be proficient in all of these areas. Especially outside the realm of C++ and Python, I find myself programming more by looking at manuals that from memory. Do you have a similar problem? Ideas for compartmentalizing so you're more efficient? Deciding where you want to stay proficient? Organizational tips? Good ways to remember when you switch from Lua to C++ you need to start using semi-colons again? Rants on how complicated we programmers have made things for ourselves? Any ideas welcome!

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