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• Help with a cryptic error message with KGDB - Bogus trace status reply from target: E22

  - by fortran

  Hi, I'm using gdb to connect to a 2.6.31.13 linux kernel patched with KGDB over Ethernet, and when I try to detach the debugger I get this: (gdb) quit A debugging session is active. Inferior 1 [Remote target] will be killed. Quit anyway? (y or n) y Bogus trace status reply from target: E22 after that the session is still open, I can keep going on and on with ctrl+d, and the debugger doesn't exit. I've searched for that message in google and there are just 5 results (and none of them are useful :-/ ). Any idea of what could it be and how to fix it?

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• "Inlining" (kind of) functions at runtime in C

  - by fortran

  Hi, I was thinking about a typical problem that is very JIT-able, but hard to approach with raw C. The scenario is setting up a series of function pointers that are going to be "composed" (as in maths function composition) once at runtime and then called lots and lots of times. Doing it the obvious way involves many virtual calls, that are expensive, and if there are enough nested functions to fill the CPU branch prediction table completely, then the performance with drop considerably. In a language like Lisp, I could probably process the code and substitute the "virtual" call by the actual contents of the functions and then call compile to have an optimized version, but that seems very hacky and error prone to do in C, and using C is a requirement for this problem ;-) So, do you know if there's a standard, portable and safe way to achieve this in C? Cheers

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• How to calculate the cycles that change one permutation into another?

  - by fortran

  Hi, I'm looking for an algorithm that given two permutations of a sequence (e.g. [2, 3, 1, 4] and [4, 1, 3, 2]) calculates the cycles that are needed to convert the first into the second (for the example, [[0, 3], [1, 2]]). The link from mathworld says that Mathematica's ToCycle function does that, but sadly I don't have any Mathematica license at hand... I'd gladly receive any pointer to an implementation of the algorithm in any FOSS language or mathematics package. Thanks!

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• How do C++ compilers actually pass reference parameters?

  - by T.E.D.

  This question came about as a result of some mixed-langauge programming. I had a Fortran routine I wanted to call from C++ code. Fortran passes all its parameters by reference (unless you tell it otherwise). So I thought I'd be clever (bad start right there) in my C++ code and define the Fortran routine something like this: extern "C" void FORTRAN_ROUTINE (unsigned & flag); This code worked for a while but (of course right when I needed to leave) suddenly started blowing up on a return call. Clear indication of a munged call stack. Another engineer came behind me and fixed the problem, declaring that the routine had to be deinfed in C++ as extern "C" void FORTRAN_ROUTINE (unsigned * flag); I'd accept that except for two things. One is that it seems rather counter-intuitive for the compiler to not pass reference parameters by reference, and I can find no documentation anywhere that says that. The other is that he changed a whole raft of other code in there at the same time, so it theoretically could have been another change that fixed whatever the issue was. So the question is, how does C++ actually pass reference parameters? Is it perhaps free to do copy-in, copy-out for small values or something? In other words, are reference parameters utterly useless in mixed-language programming? I'd like to know so I don't make this same code-killing mistake ever again.

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• What should I "forget" when going to Javascript?

  - by ElGringoGrande

  I went from C=64 Basic and assembler to FORTRAN and C to C++ and Java. Professionally I started in Visual Basic for applications then to Visual Basic 4, 5, 6. After that VB.NET AND C# with some Java here and there. I have played with Ruby and Python and found both fun. During each step I never felt like I had to forget what I had learned before. I always felt like I was just learning better and/or slightly different ways of doing things but the difference was not major. The difference was like the difference between American, Australian and British English. (Maybe assembler was Latin and FORTRAN was Spanish.) But now I am using JavaScript to do real, actual work. (Before used it as a "Scripting" language pure a simple.) And I just feel like I have to forget some things to become proficient in it. It feels like some old Egyptian language. What should I forget? Is it just that code organization is different (no real classes so no one class one file)? Or is it something more basic?

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• Why is Python used for high-performance/scientific computing (but Ruby isn't)?

  - by Cyclops

  There's a quote from a PyCon 2011 talk that goes: At least in our shop (Argonne National Laboratory) we have three accepted languages for scientific computing. In this order they are C/C++, Fortran in all its dialects, and Python. You’ll notice the absolute and total lack of Ruby, Perl, Java. It was in the more general context of high-performance computing. Granted the quote is only from one shop, but another question about languages for HPC, also lists Python as one to learn (and not Ruby). Now, I can understand C/C++ and Fortran being used in that problem-space (and Perl/Java not being used). But I'm surprised that there would be a major difference in Python and Ruby use for HPC, given that they are fairly similar. (Note - I'm a fan of Python, but have nothing against Ruby). Is there some specific reason why the one language took off? Is it about the libraries available? Some specific language features? The community? Or maybe just historical contigency, and it could have gone the other way?

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• I need a decent alternative to c++ [closed]

  - by wxiiir

  I've learned php and c++, i will list the things i liked and didn't liked on each of them, how i decided to learn them in the first place and why i feel the need to learn a decent alternative to c++, i'm not a professional programmer and only do projects for myself. PHP - Decided to learn because i wanted to build a dynamic website, that i did and turned out very good, i even coded a 'not so basic' search engine for it that would display the results 'google style' and really fast, pretty cool stuff. PROS - Pretty consistent syntax for all stuff (minor caveats), great functionality, a joy for me to code in it (it seems to 'know' what i want it to do and just does it) CONS - Painfully slow for number crunching (which takes me to c++ that i only learned because i wanted to do some number crunching and it had to be screaming fast) C++ - Learned because number crunching was so slow in php and manipulating large amounts of data was very difficult, i thought, it's popular programming language and all, and tests show that it's fast, the basic stuff resemble php so it shouldn't be hard to pick up PROS - It can be used to virtually anything, very very fast CONS - Although fun to code at the start, if i need to do something out of the ordinary, memory allocation routines, pointer stuff, stack sizes etc... will get me tired really quick, syntax is a bit inconsistent some times (more caveats) I guess that from what i wrote you guys will understand what i'm looking for, there are thousands of languages out there, it's likely that one of them will suit my needs, i've been seeing stuff today and a friend of mine that is a professional programmer tried OCaml and Fortran and said that both are fast for numerical stuff, i've been inclined to test Fortran, but i need some more input because i want to have some other good 'candidates' to choose from, for example the python syntax seemed great to me, but then i found out from some tests that it was a lot slower than c++ and i simply don't want to twiddle my thumbs all day.

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• ?????????????????:???????Oracle Solaris Studio 12.3?

  - by kazun

  2011?12?16??????????????????????? Oracle Solaris Studio 12.3 ??????????? Oracle Solaris Studio 12.3 ??C?C++?Fortran?????????????????????????????·??????????SPARC T4?x86??????????????????????????????300%??????????????????Studio 12.3 ?Oracle Solaris?Oracle Linux?Red Hat Enterprise Linux ???????????????????????? ??????Oracle Solaris Studio 12.3???????????????????? Oracle Solaris Studio 12.3 ?3?????? - ?????????????????????????? - ??????? - ??????·??????????????? Oracle Solaris Studio 12.3 ??? ???????????????? SPARC-T4???????????GCC???????300%, x86??????150%????????????????Sun Studio 12??????SPARC-T4?40%?x86?20%??????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????????????????????????Code Analyzer??????????????????????????????????????????Performance Analyzer???????????????????????????????????? ???????? Oracle Solaris?Oracle Linux??OS??????????????????????????·???????????????????????????????????????????????????20%???????????????????????????????·??????(SSH??)???????????Oracle Solaris?Linux?Windows?Mac OS?????????Oracle Solaris?Linux??????????????????????????????????????????·??????????????????Oracle Database????????????????????Pro*C ??????Oracle Solaris Studio?????????? Oracle Solaris Studio 12.3 ??? ?:Oracle Solaris Studio ??? Compiler Suite C/C++?Fortran ??????????????????????????(?????????????????)?????????????????·???????????????????????????????????????????? Analysis Suite ?Performance Analyzer??Code Analyzer??Thread Analyzer??3???????????????Code Analyzer?????????????????·???????????????????????????Performance Analyzer??????????????????????????????·??????????????????????????????????????Thread Analyzer????????????????????????????Solaris ?????P-?????OpenMP3.1???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?:Code Analyzer ?????IDE?? ?Oracle Solaris Studio????????????(IDE)???????NetBeans???????????????????Oracle DB?MySQL???????Pro*C?OCI????????????????????????????·??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Oracle Solaris Studio 12.3???? ???????????????Solaris Studio 12.3???????????????????????·?????????????????·??????????????????????????????? ??????????? ?Oracle Solaris Studio 12.3???????????????? ?????? Solaris Studio 12.3 ????????? ?????? ??????????????????????????????????????Solaris Studio ??????????????????????????????????????Oracle Solaris Studio ??????????????????? Oracle Solaris Studio Oracle Solaris

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• StackOverflow Exception in Umanaged Dll When Called from Managed DLL

  - by Ngu Soon Hui

  My question is similar to this one here, but there are some difference. I have a fortran dll as the backend, and a C# exe as the front end. I use PInvoke to pass data between them. There are 22 parameters between the C# and the fortran code. And some of them are integer, double, pointers ( C# pointers), array and whatnot. So it's a mix of types. The problem is that for small arrays, the code works fine, however, for large arrays (~10k element size), a stackoverflowexception was thrown right after my code enters into the managed code. Any idea why this is the case, and how to fix this?

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• Which programming languages aren't considered high-level?

  - by hilo

  In informatics theory I hear and read about high-level and low-level languages all time. Yet I don't understand why this is still relevant as there aren't any (relevant) low-level languages except assembler in use today. So you get: Low-level Assembler Definitely not low-level C BASIC FORTRAN COBOL ... High-level C++ Ruby Python PHP ... And if assembler is low-level, how could you put for example C into the same list. I mean: C is extremely high-level compared to assembler. Same even for COBOL, Fortran, etc. So why does everybody keep mentioning high and low-level languages if assembler is really the only low-level language.

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• fatal error F1002

  - by Ghazooo

  Hi , I have a Fortran 77 program code , I am using fortran power station on XP . I wrote this program because I am studying Master's degree in Mechanics , It is a very long Finite element method code. when I press the compile order it shows me the following message : "fatal error F1002: compiler is out of heap space in pass 2" I googled the problem , and found the following solutions : http://www.microsofttranslator.com/BV.aspx?ref=CSSKB&from=en&to=ar&a=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/112345/en-us?fr=1 But to be honest , I did not understand the solution !!! I think my code is good and clear . Does any one have any suggestions to solve this problem ?? please consider me as a very simple programmer. I will really appreciate that . Thanks in Advance Ghazooo

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• Is automated source translation seen as beneficial and/or necessary?

  - by busybutwantmore

  I have recently spent several years translating legacy FORTRAN into Java. Prior to that, I found myself translating FORTRAN into C (for which I wrote a simple translation tool). After all this work, I find myself wondering how many others are doing similar language-to-language translations and whether an automated way of doing so would be beneficial. I know about F2C, For_C, F2J and others, as well as some of the translation sites, but none seem to be all that successful. Having seen output from For_C, I can see why it just hasn't taken off. While it is technically correct, it is very difficult to maintain. So, I guess what I am wondering is if there were are tool that produced more maintainable, more grok-able code than the code I have seen, would developers use it? Or are developers as jaded as many posts seem to indicate and unwilling to use generated code as it could never be as good as their manually translated code?

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• Sortie de GCC 4.7 : pour ses 25 ans, le compilateur expérimente la gestion de la mémoire transactionnelle

  Richard Stallman vient d'annoncer la sortie de gcc 4.7, qui coïncide avec l'anniversaire des 25 ans de ce célèbre compilateur. Cette nouvelle version propose de nombreuses nouveautés : - l'intégration (expérimentale) de la gestion de la mémoire transactionnelle - la prise en charge de nouvelles architectures (Haswell avec AVX2, Piledriver, ARM et Cortext-A7, SPARC, CR16, C6X, TILE-Gx et TILEPro) - l'amélioration de plusieurs langages et bibliothèques : C++11 (modèle de mémoire et atomics, initializer pour les données membres non-static, littérales définies par l'utilisateur, alias-declarations, delegating constructors, explicit override et syntaxe étendue de friend), C11, Fortran, OpenMP 3.1, amélioration du link-time optimization (LTO) - ...

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• Dealing with a gfortran error?

  - by user293253

  I usually do some pieces of code in Fortran and C for my job, but since some days ago I get the following error: $ gfortran D.f -o D.x gfortran: error trying to exec 'f951': execvp: No such file or directory (I have Ubuntu 14.04 on a I7, 8cores and 64b) I did try searching on the forums and several option but nothing seems to work ... Could somebody help ... ? I guess the problem started when I did something to install adobereader and/or skype.

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• "static" as a semantic clue about statelessness?

  - by leoger

  this might be a little philosophical but I hope someone can help me find a good way to think about this. I've recently undertaken a refactoring of a medium sized project in Java to go back and add unit tests. When I realized what a pain it was to mock singletons and statics, I finally "got" what I've been reading about them all this time. (I'm one of those people that needs to learn from experience. Oh well.) So, now that I'm using Spring to create the objects and wire them around, I'm getting rid of static keywords left and right. (If I could potentially want to mock it, it's not really static in the same sense that Math.abs() is, right?) The thing is, I had gotten into the habit of using static to denote that a method didn't rely on any object state. For example: //Before import com.thirdparty.ThirdPartyLibrary.Thingy; public class ThirdPartyLibraryWrapper { public static Thingy newThingy(InputType input) { new Thingy.Builder().withInput(input).alwaysFrobnicate().build(); } } //called as... ThirdPartyLibraryWrapper.newThingy(input); //After public class ThirdPartyFactory { public Thingy newThingy(InputType input) { new Thingy.Builder().withInput(input).alwaysFrobnicate().build(); } } //called as... thirdPartyFactoryInstance.newThingy(input); So, here's where it gets touchy-feely. I liked the old way because the capital letter told me that, just like Math.sin(x), ThirdPartyLibraryWrapper.newThingy(x) did the same thing the same way every time. There's no object state to change how the object does what I'm asking it to do. Here are some possible answers I'm considering. Nobody else feels this way so there's something wrong with me. Maybe I just haven't really internalized the OO way of doing things! Maybe I'm writing in Java but thinking in FORTRAN or somesuch. (Which would be impressive since I've never written FORTRAN.) Maybe I'm using staticness as a sort of proxy for immutability for the purposes of reasoning about code. That being said, what clues should I have in my code for someone coming along to maintain it to know what's stateful and what's not? Perhaps this should just come for free if I choose good object metaphors? e.g. thingyWrapper doesn't sound like it has state indepdent of the wrapped Thingy which may itself be mutable. Similarly, a thingyFactory sounds like it should be immutable but could have different strategies that are chosen among at creation. I hope I've been clear and thanks in advance for your advice!

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• Interactive Data Language, IDL: Does anybody care?

  - by Alex

  Anyone use a language called Interactive Data Language, IDL? It is popular with scientists. I think it is a poor language because it is proprietary (every terminal running it has to have an expensive license purchased) and it has minimal support (try searching for IDL, the language, right now on stack) . I am trying to convince my colleagues to stop using it and learn C/C++/Python/Fortran/Java/Ruby. Does anybody know about or even care about IDL enough to have opinions on it? What do you think of it? Should I tell my colleagues to stop wasting their time on it now? How can I convince them? Edit: People are getting the impression that I don't know or use IDL. Also, I said IDL has minimal support which is true in one sense, so I must clarify that the scientific libraries are indeed large. I use IDL all the time, but this is exactly the problem: I am only using IDL because colleagues use it. There is a file format IDL uses, the .sav, which can only be opened in IDL. So I must use IDL to work with this data and transfer the data back to colleagues, but I know I would be more efficient in another language. This is like someone sending you a microsoft word file in an email attachment and if you don't understand how wrong that is then you probably write too many words not enough code and you bought microsoft word. Edit: As an alternative to IDL Python is popular. Here is a list of The Pros of IDL (and the cons) from AstroBetter: Pros of IDL Mature many numerical and astronomical libraries available Wide astronomical user base Numerical aspect well integrated with language itself Many local users with deep experience Faster for small arrays Easier installation Good, unified documentation Standard GUI run/debug tool (IDLDE) Single widget system (no angst about which to choose or learn) SAVE/RESTORE capability Use of keyword arguments as flags more convenient Cons of IDL Narrow applicability, not well suited to general programming Slower for large arrays Array functionality less powerful Table support poor Limited ability to extend using C or Fortran, such extensions hard to distribute and support Expensive, sometimes problem collaborating with others that don’t have or can’t afford licenses. Closed source (only RSI can fix bugs) Very awkward to integrate with IRAF tasks Memory management more awkward Single widget system (useless if working within another framework) Plotting: Awkward support for symbols and math text Many font systems, portability issues (v5.1 alleviates somewhat) not as flexible or as extensible plot windows not intrinsically interactive (e.g., pan & zoom) Pros of Python Very general and powerful programming language, yet easy to learn. Strong, but optional, Object Oriented programming support Very large user and developer community, very extensive and broad library base Very extensible with C, C++, or Fortran, portable distribution mechanisms available Free; non-restrictive license; Open Source Becoming the standard scripting language for astronomy Easy to use with IRAF tasks Basis of STScI application efforts More general array capabilities Faster for large arrays, better support for memory mapping Many books and on-line documentation resources available (for the language and its libraries) Better support for table structures Plotting framework (matplotlib) more extensible and general Better font support and portability (only one way to do it too) Usable within many windowing frameworks (GTK, Tk, WX, Qt…) Standard plotting functionality independent of framework used plots are embeddable within other GUIs more powerful image handling (multiple simultaneous LUTS, optional resampling/rescaling, alpha blending, etc) Support for many widget systems Strong local influence over capabilities being developed for Python Cons of Python More items to install separately Not as well accepted in astronomical community (but support clearly growing) Scientific libraries not as mature: Documentation not as complete, not as unified Not as deep in astronomical libraries and utilities Not all IDL numerical library functions have corresponding functionality in Python Some numeric constructs not quite as consistent with language (or slightly less convenient than IDL) Array indexing convention “backwards” Small array performance slower No standard GUI run/debug tool Support for many widget systems (angst regarding which to choose) Current lack of function equivalent to SAVE/RESTORE in IDL matplotlib does not yet have equivalents for all IDL 2-D plotting capability (e.g., surface plots) Use of keyword arguments used as flags less convenient Plotting: comparatively immature, still much development going on missing some plot type (e.g., surface) 3-d capability requires VTK (though matplotlib has some basic 3-d capability)

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• Changes in Language Punctuation [closed]

  - by Wes Miller

  More social curiosity than actual programming question... (I got shot for posting this on Stack Overflow. They sent me here. At least i hope here is where they meant.) Based on the few responses I got before the content police ran me off Stack Overflow, I should note that I am legally blind and neatness and consistency in programming are my best friends. A thousand years ago when I took my first programming class (Fortran 66) and a mere 500 years ago when I tokk my first C and C++ classes, there were some pretty standard punctuation practices across languages. I saw them in Basic (shudder), PL/1, PL/AS, Rexx even Pascal. Ok, APL2 is not part of this discussion. Each language has its own peculiar punctuation. Pascal's periods, Fortran's comma separated do loops, almost everybody else's semicolons. As I learned it, each language also has KEYWORDS (if, for, do, while, until, etc.) which are set off by whitespace (or the left margin) if, etc. Each language has function, subroutines of whatever they're called. Some built-in some user coded. They were set off by function_name( parameters );. As in sqrt( x ) or rand( y ); Lately, there seems to be a new set of punctuation rules. Especially in c++ where initializers get glued onto the end of variable declarations int x(0); or auto_ptr p(new gizmo); This usually, briefly fools me into thinking someone is declaring a function prototype or using a function as a integer. Then "if" and 'for' seems to have grown parens; if(true) for(;;), etc. Since when did keywords become functions. I realize some people think they ARE functions with iterators as parameters. But if "for" is a function, where did the arg separating commas go? And finally, functions seem to have shed their parens; sqrt (2) select (...) I know, I koow, loosening whitespace rules is good. Keep reading. Question: when did the old ways disappear and this new way come into vogue? Does anyone besides me find it irritating to read and that the information that the placement of punctuation used to convey is gone? I know full well that K&R put the { at the end of the "if" or "for" to save a byte here and there. Can't use that excuse here. Space as an excuse for loss of readability died as HDD space soared past 100 MiB. Your thoughts are solicited. If there is a good reason to do this, I'll gladly learn it and maybe in another 50 years I'll get used to it. Of course it's good that compilers recognize these (IMHO) typos and keep right on going, but just because you CAN code it that way doesn't mean you HAVE to, right?

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• What is the worst programming language you ever worked with? [closed]

  - by Ludwig Weinzierl

  If you have an interesting story to share, please post an answer, but do not abuse this question for bashing a language. We are programmers, and our primary tool is the programming language we use. While there is a lot of discussion about the best one, I'd like to hear your stories about the worst programming languages you ever worked with and I'd like to know exactly what annoyed you. I'd like to collect this stories partly to avoid common pitfalls while designing a language (especially a DSL) and partly to avoid quirky languages in the future in general. This question is not subjective. If a language supports only single character identifiers (see my own answer) this is bad in a non-debatable way. EDIT Some people have raised concerns that this question attracts trolls. Wading through all your answers made one thing clear. The large majority of answers is appropriate, useful and well written. UPDATE 2009-07-01 19:15 GMT The language overview is now complete, covering 103 different languages from 102 answers. I decided to be lax about what counts as a programming language and included anything reasonable. Thank you David for your comments on this. Here are all programming languages covered so far (alphabetical order, linked with answer, new entries in bold): ABAP, all 20th century languages, all drag and drop languages, all proprietary languages, APF, APL (1), AS400, Authorware, Autohotkey, BancaStar, BASIC, Bourne Shell, Brainfuck, C++, Centura Team Developer, Cobol (1), Cold Fusion, Coldfusion, CRM114, Crystal Syntax, CSS, Dataflex 2.3, DB/c DX, dbase II, DCL, Delphi IDE, Doors DXL, DOS batch (1), Excel Macro language, FileMaker, FOCUS, Forth, FORTRAN, FORTRAN 77, HTML, Illustra web blade, Informix 4th Generation Language, Informix Universal Server web blade, INTERCAL, Java, JavaScript (1), JCL (1), karol, LabTalk, Labview, Lingo, LISP, Logo, LOLCODE, LotusScript, m4, Magic II, Makefiles, MapBasic, MaxScript, Meditech Magic, MEL, mIRC Script, MS Access, MUMPS, Oberon, object extensions to C, Objective-C, OPS5, Oz, Perl (1), PHP, PL/SQL, PowerDynamo, PROGRESS 4GL, prova, PS-FOCUS, Python, Regular Expressions, RPG, RPG II, Scheme, ScriptMaker, sendmail.conf, Smalltalk, Smalltalk , SNOBOL, SpeedScript, Sybase PowerBuilder, Symbian C++, System RPL, TCL, TECO, The Visual Software Environment, Tiny praat, TransCAD, troff, uBasic, VB6 (1), VBScript (1), VDF4, Vimscript, Visual Basic (1), Visual C++, Visual Foxpro, VSE, Webspeed, XSLT The answers covering 80386 assembler, VB6 and VBScript have been removed.

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• What is a 8086 relocatable?

  - by gerrit

  I'm running some Fortran software (LBLRTM) and a shell-script that prepares input generates a number of files with names TAPE3, TAPE4, etc. For debugging purposes, I used file to identify the file type. file tells me: TAPE3: 8086 relocatable (Microsoft) My guess is that file is wrong here, and that it's just a binary file that happens to look like a 8086 relocatable. But what is a 8086 relocatable?

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• CUDA 4.0 : sortie de la Release Candidate de l'architecture de calcul parallèle de NVIDIA

  CUDA 4.0 : sortie de la Release Candidate De l'architecture de calcul parallèle de NVIDIA La sortie cette semaine aux développeurs enregistrés de CUDA est l'accomplissement de milliers d'heures dédiées à ce projet. Cette technologie peut sembler jeune, sa première version, la 1.0, n'a été sortie qu'en 2007. L'effet de cette sortie sur le monde entier n'a, sans nul doute possible, pas été nul. Elle n'est pas non plus le seul terrain d'avance pour les technologies massivement parallèles sur matériel NVIDIA : les API comme OpenCL et DirectCompute sont elles aussi supportées et améliorées, en plus d'un accès direct au GPU en C, C++ et Fortran. Comme toujours, NVIDIA est à la recherch...

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• Starting a career in quantitative finance

  - by Vitor Braga

  I've been reading John Hull book (Options, Futures and Other Derivatives) mostly on curiosity. I've read other books about financial markets in the past (like Elder's Trading for Living and the novel Reminiscences of a Stock Operator). But I'm really hooked by the John Hull book. My background is mostly scientific computing: number crunching, visualization and image processing. Mostly in C++, with some C, Fortran, Python, Ruby here and there. I've been thinking on moving on to quantitative finance - I'd like to do that. What would be the best way to start? Any tips?

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• Origins of code indentation

  - by Daniel Mahler

  I am interested in finding out who introduced code indentation, as well as when and where it was introduced. It seems so critical to code comprehension, but it was not universal. Most Fortran and Basic code was (is?) unindented, and the same goes for Cobol. I am pretty sure I have even seen old Lisp code written as continuous, line-wrapped text. You had to count brackets in your head just to parse it, never mind understanding it. So where did such a huge improvement come from? I have never seen any mention of its origin. Apart from original examples of its use, I am also looking for original discussions of indentation.

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• Is LISP still useful in, and which version is most used in todays world ?

  - by shan23

  I try to teach myself a new programming language in regular intervals of time. Recently, I've read how Lisp and its dialects are at the complete opposite end of the spectrum from languages like C/C++, which made me curious enough to know more about it. However, two things are unclear to me, and I'm looking for guidance on them : Is LISP still practiced/used in todays world, or is it a legacy language like FORTRAN/COBOL ? I mean, apart from maintaining existing code, is it used on new projects at all ? What is the most widely used dialect ? I came across Scheme and Common Lisp as the 2 most prevalent dialects, and wanted your opinion as to which is the most favored/useful one to learn - and would be immensely gratified if you can suggest any resources for a rank beginner to start from. While eager to learn a language which is fundamentally different from the procedural languages I'm used to, I don't want to invest undue effort in something if its totally obsolete - I'd still learn it if it was professionally "dead", but only with an academic perspective...

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• Way in over my head! (Dealing with better programmers)

  - by darkman

  I've just been hired to be part of a group that is developing in C++. Before, I've been coding on and off at my job for the past 11 years (some C, some Fortran, some C++). The coding I've done was mostly maintaining and adding new features to one of our systems. The code, being 10 years old, did not contain all the modern C++ stuff. Lo and behold, my new job is filled with programmers with 5-10 years experience of pure coding and they all use the most modern aspects of C++ (C++11, template, lambda, etc, etc). They are expecting someone with that same experience... Well, I've been working for 15 years total but when I looked at their code, I couldn't understand half of it! :-| Anyone been in that situation? What would you recommend?

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• Programming languages similar to ActionScript 3 / EcmaScript based

  - by Juanlu001

  I almost learned programming and OOP basic concepts with ActionScript 3 on the Flash Platform years ago. Some time has passed since then; I'm not a professional programmer, but I have written code in PHP, Fortran, and now Python. But, lately, I have missed ActionScript 3 OOP implementation, static typing and, I confess, curly braces. As Flash platform is slowly dying nowadays, I'm looking for an Open Sourced programming language similar to ActionScript 3. I've read about Java, which is the most similar one I found, but actually is the only one it doesn't interest me (I started to hate it after bad experiences with web applets). Any ideas? Edit: Added EcmaScript to the title and the tags; I think that is what I am looking for.

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